SI25778A - Interaction of technological systems to enable energy self-supply of buildings and self-supply of residents with sustainable produced food - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the invention is the interaction of technological systems that enable self-sufficiency of buildings with solar energy in accordance with the public electricity system and biotechnological systems of self-sufficiency of residents of urban and rural settlements with sustainably produced food. The realization of the set goal is enabled by the self-supply of the building with solar energy in accordance with the public electricity system, which is provided by the technological solution of self-supply of buildings with solar and electricity, based on the implementation of which are on the roof. buildings on the north side of the mounted photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels (1) at an angle optimal for latitude, with photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels (1) in the summer to store heat in the ground 5 to 7 meters deep so that the ground heats up to more than 45 degrees C and the heat is used to heat water intended for washing, cooking, washing, dishwashing, heating greenhouses and pools for aquapone breeding of freshwater fish and other needs, and thus the implementation of biotechnological systems of self-sufficiency of urban and rural settlements with sustainable production food.

Description

CONFLICTING TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THAT ENABLE ENERGY SELF-SUPPLY OF BUILDINGS AND SELF-SUPPLY OF RESIDENTS WITH

SUSTAINABLE FOOD

The subject of the invention is the interaction of technological systems that enable self-sufficiency of buildings with solar energy in accordance with the public electricity system and biotechnological systems of self-sufficiency of residents of urban and rural settlements with sustainably produced food. Technological systems of local and public electricity and biotechnological systems of self-sufficiency of residents will be explained in more detail below.

The problem that the present invention successfully solves is the construction and implementation of technological solutions and their interaction and complementarity for the purpose of mutual interaction in the energy self-sufficiency of buildings and self-sufficiency of residents with sustainably produced food.

When reviewing the state of sustainable construction, cooperation and collisions of solar small power plants and public electricity system and urban gardening, I found that the solutions described below are original and represent a novelty in the field.

The idea and implementation of technological solutions that enable the implementation of self-sufficiency of buildings with solar energy in accordance with the public electricity system and biotechnological systems of self-sufficiency of residents of urban and rural settlements with sustainably grown food will be shown in the figures:

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a building that enables self-sufficiency in solar energy and biotechnological self-sufficiency systems with sustainably produced food, as well as a heating and cooling system;

Figure 2 is a plan view of a three-room house with the layout of the premises;

Figure 3 is a plan view of the location of a three-room house in the environment;

Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a permanent vegetable high wooden beam; Figure 5a shows the placement of a permanent high beam in the space from the side;

Figure 5b shows the placement of a permanent high beam in space in a top view.

The subject of the invention will be shown on the implementation of a three-room house, as a detached building or one of the buildings in a compact layout, where Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a building that allows self-sufficiency in solar energy and biotechnological systems of self-sufficiency with sustainable food and heating and cooling .

Self-sufficiency of the building with solar energy in accordance with the public electricity system is ensured by a technological solution of self-sufficiency of buildings with solar and electricity, which is based on the implementation in which the roof of the building or. buildings on the north side of the mounted photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels 1 at an angle that is optimal for latitude (eg in Ljubljana at an angle of 32 °). Photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels 1 are on the roof on the north side and as a roof over the stairs and porches, which are 1.6 m to 3.6 m away from the north wall of the building. At a solar energy efficiency of 20% for electricity production, at least 8 m ^{2 of} photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels 1 shall be installed to cover the needs of one resident. For the needs of business premises, the area shall be determined according to the energy needs of the business entity. It is produced per capita for household, computer, heating, cooling, air recovery in the building and cold stores, heating beds, greenhouses and covered gardens to prevent frost, for lighting with LED lamps and to power the aquapone system at least 600 kWh of electricity own and for the purpose of recharging the batteries of passenger cars and other vehicles at least 3200 kWh per year.

Photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels 1 in the summer on the basis of SOLINTERRA technological solutions (heating, cooling and ventilation system of buildings using the sun and the earth) store heat in the ground 5 to 7 meters deep by heating the ground to more than 45 ° C. The heat is used to heat water intended for washing, cooking, washing, washing dishes, to heat greenhouses and pools for aquaponic breeding of freshwater fish and for other purposes. The heat intended for heating circulates through the underfloor heating pipes and around the building envelope, creating a thermal barrier between the exterior of the building and the interior of the building at 18 ° C.

Beneath the external insulation is a 3cm wide duct 9 for a heat barrier throughout the building envelope with air 18 ° C to 20 ° C in winter and 20 ° C to 24 ° C in summer. The water pipes 6 are filled in 50 cm shafts with light concrete 5-7 m deep and connected via a pipe 5 with a rainwater tank J.

Inside the building, people also heat the air, as well as household machines and computers, so that the temperature in the rooms on cold days is always between 20 ° C and 22 ° C.

A self-sufficient power plant can store electricity in its own batteries and in the batteries of passenger cars, so the building can be completely self-sufficient in terms of electricity.

A local self-sufficient power plant, which does not have its own battery for storing electricity, is connected to the public electricity system through the electricity exchange system, so that residents are supplied with electricity even when solar power plants do not produce electricity.

The introduction of a smart public network or contractually agreed conduct enables the fruitful cooperation of both technological systems. Nuclear power plants find it difficult to adapt to current electricity consumption. Therefore, it is in the interest of the public network to include a larger number of planned consumers, especially at night. The introduction of a smart grid will enable the planned and contractually agreed involvement of consumers.

Electric vehicles are therefore charged from the public network during the lowest consumption periods during the day, especially at night between 10 pm and 6 am. At night, electricity in an electrically self-sufficient building is used to power washing machines and dishwashers, refrigerators and freezers, to heat greenhouse beds and a covered garden during frosts, to illuminate a greenhouse with LED lamps in winter to drive a drip irrigation system, etc.

The local photovoltaic power plant sends most of the electricity produced to the public system in the summer, when the sun shines very brightly and cooling devices are switched on en masse in other buildings. Then very little electricity is needed to cool their own buildings that have a local power plant. Only the pump is driven, which pushes the cold from the ground around the building and from the large rainwater tanks J, which are underground, through the liquid medium into the floor cooling of the rooms.

.The peak consumption is generally covered by hydroelectric and gas power plants everywhere. As the climate warms and there will be more droughts, rivers will flow with less water in the summer. The massive integration of local solar power plants, which will be able to supply the vast majority of electricity to the public system, will help the public system manage its maximum summer peak consumption.

In winter, during periods when temperatures fall below minus 10 ° C, users of heat pumps must switch on electric heating devices. During the worst of the cold, the sun usually shines and then during the day, local photovoltaic power plants can send electricity to cover daily electricity consumption. Hydropower plants, however, can then be included in their production only at night. As hydropower plants will have more water in winter, it will be possible to partially manage the problems of peak consumption in such periods in the coexistence of the local and public system with carbon-free energy.

As all thermal power plants will be closed as soon as possible, humanity will be left with only the coexistence of nuclear energy, hydropower, the use of wind and especially the sun and geothermal resources. Burning wood and gas will no longer be acceptable. Nuclear energy will be suitable for this coexistence of carbon-free power plants by setting up a larger number of urban small flexible electric hot water nuclear power plants and large nuclear power plants, which will also use heat to heat greenhouses, lakes and cities.

The public transport network will also be able to be supplied with electricity from batteries that will be built in residential and commercial settlements and other settlements, and from the batteries of electric vehicles. The coexistence of local carbon-free power plants and public nuclear and hydro power plants, wind power plants, geothermal power plants will create the conditions for human survival.

The economic effects are remarkable. It is necessary to finance the initial investment, renew the batteries, replace the panels every 25 years. The vast majority of obsolete panel and battery material will be recyclable for reuse.

Under the net metering system, electricity users from the public network pay the costs for the use of the CHP network and the contribution for subsidies for carbon-free RES electricity. So many panels are installed on self-sufficient buildings that more electricity will be supplied to the public system annually than will be supplied to users of apartments and business premises from the public system.

Local producers could require them to charge conical electricity to the public system.

Residents' spending will be reduced because there will be no more costs to consume electricity for heating, cooling, household needs and not to buy petrol, gas or diesel. This annual savings for a family of four in Slovenia amounts to around 4,000 euros per year.

Figure 2 shows the layout of the rooms in a three-room house. The three-room house in Figure 2 comprises bedroom A, living room B with kitchen, workshop C, garage D, space E for aquaplanics with reservoirs E1 for water and pond E2, children's bedroom F, loggia G, terrace H with greenhouse I, reservoir J for rainwater, basement K, bathroom L and toilet M.

The floor plan of the apartment is such that it allows the construction of a G lodge on the south side along the entire width of the apartment, which is 2.5 m deep. Lodge G is so large that, with intensive education, it allows the production of fresh vegetables, especially for fresh salad throughout the year. In addition, a low covered bed 2 for tomatoes and a high covered bed 3 and a bed 4 with berries are placed on the roof of the apartment.

Figure 3 shows the placement of a three-room house in the environment with implemented photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels 1, low covered billets 2 and high covered billets 3.

The temperature in box G can be very low in December to freeze pests. Lodge G is then disinfected to begin a new season in January by planting seeds for new seedlings. The front sliding glass or ETFE (Ethylene tetrafluorethylene) plastic wall 17 closes when the temperature is low and the cold in spring can damage the plants. Plants that need at least 8 ° C of heat are kept in a closed lodge where they grow rapidly until the temperature rises. Thus, the normal season can be overtaken and also extended by one month. Tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, aubergines can be harvested from early June to late October. The plants in box G grow faster because there is a lot of CO2 in the air and they enrich the air in the living room with oxygen emissions. In winter, the sun heats the air in box G in such a way that this heat heats living room B. However, the heat can also be blown into other indoor spaces.

Figure 3 shows the location of a three-room house in the environment. Lodge G and living room B and children's room C are facing south as this is optimal for exploiting direct sunlight in the vegetation rooms in the lodges and for irradiating photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels 1. If the air is not warmer than 18 ° C at night, at night opens all doors and windows to cool interior walls and ceilings so that cold accumulates in them. Early in the morning, the internal glass three-layer sliding door 18, which is installed according to the standards for passive buildings, is closed. The sun does not shine on this door from the south. Therefore, the building's cooling system is only switched on during prolonged and severe heat. Such hybrid hot-water photovoltaic systems are installed, which cool the surfaces of photovoltaics in severe heat and increase the efficiency of panels.

On large areas of hybrid panels, so much heat is produced that is stored in the ground under or next to the building that it is enough to heat freshwater pools - E2 ponds of 2 m ³ in which 100 kg of freshwater fish can be raised annually. Freshwater tropical fish develop well and grow very rapidly only if the water temperature is above 22 ° C. The fastest growing tilapia - perch, which are very tasty and boneless, and eat vegetable and meat foods. Carnivorous trout, skis, huchen, pike catfish grow if the water temperature is above 8 ° C and best if around 14 ° C. Carp grow in pools quickly and have a pleasant taste. Existing fish farms depend on the outside temperature of the environment and do not have water heating devices, so fish do not grow fast enough.

The fish feed on pellets, which are produced on the basis of caught sardines and other fish in the oceans, and this is very far off, mostly off the west coast of South America. Fish food contains a lot of meat and bones of animals that are fed with objectionable genetically modified food and also contain residues of antibiotics and hormone disruptors. Marine animals are enjoying more and more plastic and microplastics. Therefore, the ecologically sound system of aquapone breeding of freshwater fish and other animals in terms of nutrition will be supplied only with plants grown in the self-sufficient settlement from its own vegetable and legume crops, and the meat will be supplied with ecologically sound meat from local farmers and ponds in which will grow in a sustainable way periwinkles, chubs and other fish that feed on insects, algae, microorganisms and aquatic plants. Such a co-system is conditioned by the use of heat to heat the E1 tanks and by the use of electricity to blow air and the circulation of water in the pool - pond E2. Because the E1 tanks can only have a volume of 2 m ³ , the entire aquaponic system can operate in a small enclosed space inside a commercial residential building in a warm place.

Fish droppings are converted into plant nutrients in the aquaponic system. On the left and right side of the lodges there are vertical flower beds of about 4 m ² in which mainly vegetables grow. Growth is extremely intense. Thus, at least as many vegetables can be grown in the lodges so that residents can enjoy their seasonal vegetables fresh all year round. Growth is also accelerated by the use of LED lighting, which is possible because it has a sufficient amount of its own electricity.

Because the buildings have a large amount of rainwater in the rainwater tank J, it can be used to fill the E1 reservoirs and the E2 basin with fish, and then this nutrient-filled water is used to drip irrigate the vegetable and fruit garden and the dirt does not return. to the E2 pool with fish. In summer, when the water flows through the vertical billets, it gets very hot. Therefore, it is not suitable for returning to the E2 pool where trout and other fish that do not tolerate overheated water are raised. The optimal combination is a closed aquaponic system and a system that supplies the fish with fresh clean water. Because the billets retain all the water and rainwater, it does not flow into the public sewer system and does not pollute groundwater.

A comprehensive system of public network cooperation with dispersed solar power plants, if used by the majority of the world's population, can make a significant contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and eating freshwater fish healthily.

Based on 24 years of experimentation and growing useful plants on the roof of a four-storey building in Ljubljana, on the walls of the building in flower beds and parking spaces around the building, I find that it is possible to grow in an ecologically sound way per capita on a growing area of about 75 m ² 4Okg potatoes kg of corn, 15kg of peas, beans and other protein-rich legumes, 120 kg of various seasonal vegetables, 5 kg of mushrooms, 10 kg of berries, 20 kg of grapes, 60 kg of seasonal fruit, 5 kg of walnuts, hazelnuts or other nuts 3kg of chestnut . Each resident can consume 250 grams of berries, grapes and fruits daily and about 400 grams of fresh vegetables, mushrooms and legumes. Meat meals can be reduced to 15 dag and fish to 25 dag. It will be possible to produce at least 5 kg of honey per capita, thus reducing the need for sugar production. As more fossil energy is used for the transport of fruit and vegetables than for its production, the introduction of such gardening will greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the use of pesticides for fruit and vegetable production.

Because in the developed world, many employees will soon be working just four days a week, they will have plenty of time for intensive sustainable gardening. The number of able-bodied retirees is increasing. They enjoy gardening.

The system of self-sufficiency with fresh, healthy and tasty food has a beneficial effect on the health of residents. Fresh vegetables are the best probiotic.

A family of four spends around 1,000 euros a year in Slovenia on food produced industrially in an unhealthy way. The cost of self-sufficiency in the event that rainwater catchment and own electricity are used for the needs of the freezer does not exceed 150 euros. These funds are sufficient for the purchase of seeds, seedlings, horse and other manure and environmentally friendly fertilizers and pesticides. The market value of grown vegetables and fruits for such ecologically sound goods for a family of four is around 3,000 euros per year.

The plants are irrigated with an automatic drip system so that at least 5 m ^{3 of} rainwater stored in cold closed biologically sound underground reservoirs is used for irrigation per person in the middle climate zone. The reservoirs are of different sizes because the climatic conditions of the individual countries have to be taken into account. The water is of such quality that it is drinkable because it is especially important for those places where the water from the public water supply is not drinkable or is severely chlorinated.

The plant is protected against hail, frost, hurricane winds, rain during flowering, extreme heat, birds and other dangers by means of a movable net and a canvas or plastic tarpaulin stretched at a height of about 4 meters above the fruit, fruit pergolas and 2.5 meters above the vegetable beds. The whimsical and unpredictable weather caused by global warming thus does not cause harm to useful plants.

Kiwi, grape and tree canopy pergolas are only up to 3 meters above the ground so that plants can be nurtured and fruits picked from the ground or from very low ladders. There will be fewer falls and injuries.

Frost most affects plants if it occurs in March, April and even worse in May. It only lasts a few hours and does indescribable damage. The plants will be covered with tarpaulins and heated at night with electric heaters or candles so that the frost does no damage.

24 years ago, I made low flowerbeds on the roof and six years ago a high flowerbed, which successfully retains most of the rainwater or water with which the plants are watered from the tap, even in heavy rain. Until I developed a water retention system, in the spring, summer, and fall heat, the vast majority of the water immediately drained from the billets. Now, however, it almost never drains. At the bottom of the billet, I welded a container from the isotec over the entire bottom of the billet, which retains water so that the water is up to a height of 5 to 7 cm. The water-retaining pan is made so that in winter, when the water freezes, the ice slides along the bottom of the pan along the edges so that the ice does not damage it. The pan can be made of natural rubber so that it is elastic and therefore resistant to frost. If there is more water it overflows from the pan and drains. A layer of rock wool at least 7 cm thick is placed on the bottom of the pan. This retains water. Osmosis works by making water slowly flow upwards to the roots of the plants. A fillet is placed on the stone wool to prevent the soil from mixing with the stone wool.

If necessary, the billets can be irrigated through a hollow vertical pipe, which is also used to determine the height of the water in the lower pan. In the spring, when the roots are not yet undeveloped, pour more water, and later, when the roots grow to a depth, less water.

I experimented with the thickness of the soil or substrate 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm. But the soil was too wet so the roots rotted. Plants with deep root systems, e.g. chicory if the soil layer of the substrate is 30 cm thick.

Figure 4 schematically shows a permanent vegetable high wooden bed 3, consisting of a container 11 with soil, under which is a 5 cm layer 12 of rock wool. The container 11 is covered with a plastic roof made of EFTA panels 10 made of 0.2 mm thick ethyl-tetrafluoroethylene plastic or PVC foil. The panels 10 are placed above the container 11 in the form of a gable. The container 11 with soil lies on the pan 13, which is 5 cm deep and is intended for overflow or. catching the leaking water from the container 11. Under the pan 13 are spaces 14 for storing the panels 10 when they are not in use.

The high billets are 170 cm X 170 cm and 85 cm high. The movable panels 10 are removed and placed under the billets in rooms 14 after the danger of frost is no longer present. Snow slides out of the billets in winter.

The tomato bed is low, open on the south side, otherwise closed on all other sides and on the roof. There is an opening on the back wall to allow air to circulate otherwise mold can attack faster.

The roof is so hot that it is very conducive to the development of mold and plant lice. Therefore, it is necessary to grow potatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, pumpkins and other very sensitive to mold plants on the roof under a waterproof plastic roof.

Figures 5a and 5b show the arrangement of a permanent high beam in the space - box G from the side and in the view from above. The high bed in the lodge G is a container 17 filled with earth, under which is a 5 cm layer 18 of rock wool lying on a pan 19, which is 5 cm deep and is intended for overflow or. catching water leaking from container 17. Container 17 has a horizontal pyramidal shape because many plants have roots in the flowerbed and grow down to the ground. Tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, peas, etc. grow so well. The pyramidal shape allows for better solar irradiation of the hanging vegetation. The growing area of vegetation is greatly increased in box G.

In the G lodge, which is in front of the indoor business premises, vegetables, berries and small trees are grown all year round so that employees can serve themselves a fruit snack or a vegetable meal.

Claims (7)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. Interplay of technological systems that enable self-sufficiency of buildings with solar energy in accordance with the public electricity system and biotechnological systems of self-sufficiency of residents of urban and rural settlements with sustainably produced food, characterized by the connection, implementation and interaction of technological solutions as heating / cooling self-sufficiency of buildings and self-sufficiency of residents with sustainably produced food. Interaction of technological systems, according to claim 1, characterized in that the self-sufficiency of the building with solar energy in accordance with the public electricity system is provided by a technological solution based on the design in which the roof of the building or. buildings on the north side mounted photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels (1) at an angle optimal for latitude. Technology systems according to claim 2, characterized in that the photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels (1) store heat in the ground 5 to 7 meters deep in the summer by heating the ground to more than 45 ° C and using the heat for heating. water intended for washing, cooking, washing, washing dishes, for heating greenhouses and pools for aquaponic breeding of freshwater fish and for other needs. Interaction of technological systems according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that for the self-sufficiency of the building with solar energy, the arrangement of rooms in a three-room house is suitable, where the three-room house comprises a bedroom (A), a living room (B) with a kitchen, a workshop (C), garage (D), aquaplanics area (E1) with water tanks and pond (E2), children's bedroom (F), terrace (H) with greenhouse (I), rainwater tank (J) , basement (K), bathroom (L) and toilet (M), where the floor plan of the three-room house is such that it allows the construction of a loggia (G) on the south side along the entire width of the apartment, 2.5 m deep. Interplay of technological systems according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the placement of the three-room house in the environment with implemented photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels (1) is such that it allows the installation of low covered beds (2) and high covered beds (3) . Technological systems according to claim 5, characterized in that the high billet (3) is made of wood, consisting of a container (11) with soil, under which there is a 5 cm layer (12) of rock wool and the container is (11). ) is covered with a plastic roof made of EFTA panels (10) made of 0.2 mm thick ethyl tetrafluoroethylene plastic or PVC foil, the panels (10) being placed above the container (11) in the form of a gable and the container (11) lying on the ground. on a pan (13), which is 5 cm deep and is intended for topping or. catching the leaking water from the container (11), and under the pan (13) there are spaces (14) for storing the panels (10) when they are not in use. The interaction of technological systems according to claim 5, characterized in that the high bed in the lodge (G) is a container (17) filled with earth, under which is a 5 cm layer (18) of rock wool lying on a pan (19) which is 5 cm deep and is intended for topping or. catching the leaking water from the container (17) and the container (17) has a horizontal pyramidal shape because many plants have roots in the flowerbed and grow down to the ground.