CN113585815A - Sustainable three-dimensional city building system that lives - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of urban buildings, and particularly relates to a sustainable three-dimensional urban building system, which comprises a roof planting unit, a human living unit, an edible fungus cultivation unit, a methane unit, an animal breeding unit and an underground rainwater recovery unit; the roof planting unit, the human living unit, the edible fungus cultivation unit, the methane unit, the animal breeding unit and the underground rainwater recovery unit are vertically distributed; the edible fungus cultivation unit, the methane unit and the underground rainwater recovery unit are respectively distributed underground the building; human living units are respectively distributed on the ground; the animal breeding units are distributed on the lower floor of the building; the roof planting units are distributed on the top layer of the building. The advantage of this patent is that roof agriculture removes the guarantee supply, has still made the survival spare tyre for the urban resident, realizes three-dimensional city building system, realizes that the ecology bears the sustainability with resource utilization, realizes the possibility that the mankind survives on the limited earth of resource forever.

Description

Sustainable three-dimensional city building system that lives

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of urban building, and particularly relates to a sustainable three-dimensional urban building system.

Background

From a nomadic state to a farming era, people such as migratory birds flow along seasons, people purely utilize natural resources to gradually flow along with waves, natural resources are reformed and utilized, a living environment with stable life is created, and the people probably experience a long time.

The most great achievement of agricultural cultivation civilization in five thousand years of China is to create and establish a recycling agricultural biological chain system of 'farmland-food-human-animal-microorganism-farmland'. The full prosperity of the agro-farming era, both urban and rural, is contained in the above-mentioned system. The crops are planted in the farmland, the crops absorb nutrients and water are subjected to photosynthesis to fix solar energy and nutrient elements in the form of grains or economic output, so that the crops become human food, animal feed and human survival needs, human and animal excreta return to the farmland, and the nutrient elements are released again through soil microbial decomposition to become the fertilizer for the crops in the next season. The organisms of the upper animals, plants and microorganisms are food of the lower organisms, and the concept of garbage is not available. All elements entering a human life circle from soil, sea and the outside finally return to farmlands, and the more fertile the land is, the reciprocating circulation is, the life is not endless, and the so-called traditional circulation agriculture is formed.

However, in the industrialized era, the urban (even rural) agricultural biochain is completely destroyed, agricultural by-products and food residues are no longer animal feeds, human and animal excreta and dry branches and fallen leaves are no longer farmland fertilizers, are considered as 'garbage', are separated from the human living circle, and are treated by landfill, incineration or engineering means, and all elements entering the human living circle are diverted to be released into the atmosphere or rivers and lakes. Not only can elements in the soil moved away along with crops not be compensated, but also the soil is thinner, even if the farmland is supplemented in a fertilizer form by mining mines rich in nutrient elements required by the crops, the mine resources are exhausted for one day, and the garbage treatment pollutes the atmosphere or rivers and lakes, so that the environment which is unfavorable for human survival is generated.

The problem of urban and rural macroscopic agriculture biological chain fracture caused by urbanization and industrial civilization cannot be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem of fracture of the existing urban and rural macroscopic agricultural biological chain and provide a sustainable-living three-dimensional urban building system.

For the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted for realizing the purpose:

a three-dimensional urban building system capable of continuously living comprises a roof planting unit, a human living unit, an edible mushroom cultivation unit, a methane unit, an animal breeding unit and an underground rainwater recovery unit; the roof planting unit, the human living unit, the edible fungus cultivation unit, the methane unit, the animal breeding unit and the underground rainwater recovery unit are vertically distributed; the edible fungus cultivation unit, the methane unit and the underground rainwater recovery unit are respectively distributed underground the building; human living units are respectively distributed on the ground; the animal breeding units are distributed on the lower floor of the building; the roof planting units are distributed on the top layer of the building; the biogas residues and biogas slurry between the roof planting units are supplied to the roof planting units through biogas residues and biogas slurry of the biogas units; sewage and human excrement are led to the biogas unit through the human life unit between the human life unit and the biogas unit, and gas is supplied to the human life unit through the biogas unit; residue and waste materials between the edible fungus cultivation units are provided for the biogas units through the edible fungus cultivation units, and residue and waste materials between the edible fungus cultivation units and the animal cultivation units are provided for the animal cultivation units through the defective products of the edible fungus cultivation units; the animal breeding unit and the biogas unit are conveyed to the biogas unit through animal excrement of the animal breeding unit; roof irrigation water is provided for the roof planting units through the underground rainwater recovery units between the underground rainwater recovery units and the roof planting units; the roof planting unit recovers redundant water to the underground rainwater recovery unit.

Preferably, the human living units include open blocks, ground traffic, street wells, and multi-functional platforms; the multifunctional platform comprises factories, markets and industrial parks; a living area is also built on the multifunctional platform, and the living area comprises a house, an apartment, an economic hotel, a kindergarten and a school; the roof planting unit comprises a farmland planting area and a greening planting area.

Preferably, the multifunctional platform is provided with a street gallery at the periphery of one layer; a zero-rent shop and a public place are arranged on the inner side of the multifunctional platform; the inner side of the upper layer of the multifunctional platform is provided with a second-yield place, a third-yield place and an creative industry space; and green planting belts are arranged around the outer side of the upper layer of the multifunctional platform.

Preferably, the roof planting unit comprises ridge field blocks and furrows, the ridge field blocks are isolated by the furrows, furrow precast slabs are arranged above the furrows, and at least a walkway precast slab is arranged at a position close to the parapet wall, and a drainage ditch is arranged at the bottom of the walkway precast slab; the ridge field block sequentially comprises a roof structure layer, a leveling layer, a waterproof layer, a protective layer, a water storage layer, a filter layer, a substrate layer and a planting layer from bottom to top; the bottom of each furrow and each drainage ditch sequentially comprises a roof structure layer, a leveling layer, a waterproof layer and a protective layer from bottom to top.

Preferably, the waterproof layer is made of SBS flexible material.

Preferably, the waterproof layer is made of stainless steel sheets or glass fiber reinforced plastic materials, and no additional protective layer is arranged.

Preferably, the protective layer is made of 30-40mm fine all stone material.

Preferably, the water storage layer is made of a concrete prefabricated hollow brick material with 80-120mm capillary penetration function.

Preferably, the filter layer is made of geotextile materials with the weight of 240 g/square meter and above.

Preferably, the section of the furrow precast slab is rectangular; the bottom of the furrow precast slab is provided with a U-shaped notch with a downward opening, and the bottom of the furrow precast slab is arranged on the concrete precast hollow brick of the water storage layer; the section of the walkway precast slab is rectangular; the bottom of the walkway precast slab is provided with a rectangular notch; the bottom of the walkway precast slab is arranged on the concrete precast hollow brick of the water storage layer.

Preferably, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are arranged in the drainage ditch, the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is higher than the water storage layer, the water outlet of the water outlet pipe is provided with a movable joint capable of freely rotating, and the water outlet pipe penetrates through the parapet wall and is connected with a water outlet pipeline outside the parapet wall.

According to the technical scheme, the sustainable three-dimensional urban building system converts human and animal excreta into biogas slurry, the biogas slurry is applied below a soil layer and directly absorbed by a root system, does not contact with the surface of crops any more, does not have pollution risk any more, the treated biogas slurry does not have odor and is completely below the soil layer and cannot be emitted into the air, biomass garbage and sewage are not discharged outside a city any more, logistics and energy flow circulate in a human living circle in a reciprocating manner, earth resources are utilized forever, roof agriculture provides vegetables for urban residents, anti-risk capability is improved, the city is safer, three-dimensional urban building is realized, and human life is not concerned.

To sum up, the advantage of this patent is that roof agriculture except that the guarantee supplies with, has still made food existence spare tyre for the urban resident, and three-dimensional city building system realizes that the ecology bears the sustainability with resource utilization, realizes the possibility that the human lives forever on the limited earth of resource.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sustainable three-dimensional urban building system according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a three-dimensional sustainable urban model according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a model of a sustainable three-dimensional city building according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a multi-purpose platform architecture model according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a solution to the problem of the present invention in a stereo city concept.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the roof planting unit of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the temperature of the roof planted with the covering soil in summer and the extruded polystyrene thermal insulation material.

FIG. 8 is a graph of the temperature profile of the roof of the present invention for different treatment periods.

FIG. 9 is a case diagram of the roof of the present invention for planting grain and oil crops.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a case for planting vegetable crops on a roof according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a case diagram of the culture and planting of the roof fishpond and aquatic crops of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a case view of the rooftop orchard of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the roof shed of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following describes a detailed embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a sustainable three-dimensional urban building system comprises a roof planting unit 1, a human living unit 2, an edible fungus cultivation unit 3, a biogas unit 4, an animal breeding unit 5 and an underground rainwater recovery unit 6; the roof planting unit 1, the human living unit 2, the edible fungus cultivation unit 3, the methane unit 4, the animal breeding unit 5 and the underground rainwater recovery unit 6 are vertically distributed; the edible fungus cultivation unit 3, the methane unit 4 and the underground rainwater recovery unit 6 are respectively distributed underground the building; the human living units 2 are respectively distributed on the ground; the animal breeding units 5 are distributed in a multifunctional platform greening area or a low layer of a building; the roof planting units 1 are distributed on the top layer of the building;

agricultural products and mushrooms are supplied to the living unit 2 among the roof planting unit 1, the edible mushroom cultivation unit 3 and the human living unit 2 through the planting unit 1 and the edible mushroom cultivation unit 3; agricultural byproducts and mushroom defective products of the edible mushroom cultivation unit 3 are supplied to the cultivation unit 5 among the roof planting unit 1, the edible mushroom cultivation unit 3 and the animal cultivation unit 5 through the roof planting unit 1; coarse fibers are provided for the biogas unit 4 between the roof planting unit 1 and the biogas unit 4 through the roof planting unit 1, and biogas residues and biogas slurry are provided for the roof planting unit 1 by the biogas unit 4; sewage and human excrement are led to the biogas unit 4 through the human life unit 2 between the human life unit 2 and the biogas unit 4, and gas is supplied to the human life unit 2 through the biogas unit 4; residue and waste materials between the edible fungus cultivation unit 3 and the biogas unit 4 are provided for the biogas unit 4 through the edible fungus cultivation unit 3; the animal excrement between the animal breeding unit 5 and the biogas unit 4 through the animal breeding unit 5 is conveyed to the biogas unit 4; roof irrigation water is provided for the roof planting units 1 through the underground rainwater recovery units 6 between the underground rainwater recovery units 6 and the roof planting units 1; the roof planting unit 1 recovers excess water to the underground rainwater recovery unit 6.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the human living unit 2 includes an open block, an on-ground traffic, a city street and a multifunctional platform; the multifunctional platform comprises factories, markets and industrial parks; a living area is also built on the multifunctional platform, and the living area comprises a house, an apartment, an economic hotel, a kindergarten and a school; the roof planting unit 1 includes a field planting area and a greening planting area. A street gallery is arranged on the periphery of a first layer of the multifunctional platform; a zero-rent shop and a public place are arranged on the inner side of the multifunctional platform; the inner side of the upper layer of the multifunctional platform is provided with a second-yield place, a third-yield place and an creative industry space; and green planting belts are arranged around the outer side of the upper layer of the multifunctional platform.

The whole system adopts open blocks and functions are vertically distributed, two-layer to three-layer basements are opened up in each block, and the basements are respectively used for the edible mushroom cultivation unit 3, the methane unit 4 and the underground rainwater recovery unit 6 to work. The basement can also be provided with production and living supporting facilities such as parking, transportation, storage, pipeline, underground transportation and the like. Building a two-layer to three-layer multifunctional platform on the ground, wherein the multifunctional platform can be provided with employment places such as a street corridor, a factory, a market, an industrial park and the like and living supporting facilities, and a living area is also built on the multifunctional platform and comprises a house, an apartment, an economic hotel, a kindergarten and a school; a farmland and a greening planting area are opened up on the multifunctional platform, the roof of the building and the periphery of the building; the practical building occupies a land and protects cultivated land to unify the comprehensive open type block of 'house-ground integration', realizes the fusion of 'first, second and third industries' and 'production, life and ecology', and realizes the future sustainable urban conception of three-dimensional utilization space.

The building space is utilized in three-dimensional layering, and the skirt house of the existing commercial and residential building is expanded into a platform with a larger area. Conventional community facilities such as houses, schools and the like are built on the multifunctional platform roof as a starting point. The ground platform is used as a second and third-generation industrial place of industry, business, office and life service industry and the like, and meets the employment requirements of workers in the residential area; the multifunctional platform is used for building aerial villas, apartments and economic hotels, and meeting different requirements of residents in different levels of communities on houses, and temporary accommodations of relatives, friends and passengers; education facilities such as kindergartens and schools are built on the platform in a matched manner, and the requirements of entrusting and entering of school-age children in the residential area are met; the farmland and the green planting belt are developed around the area without buildings, the house roof and the building vertical surface on the multifunctional platform, the first industry is implanted, the demands of residents in the residential area on vegetables and grains are met, the employment demands of part of farmers are reserved, and the place for recycling the living biomass garbage and the domestic sewage is found

The multifunctional platform is arranged: a wide street corridor is arranged around the first floor for pedestrians and non-motor vehicles to pass through (the travel is comfortable and safe); the inner side is provided with low-rent or zero-rent shops which attract various convenience stores, snack shops, tea houses, farmer markets, traditional handicraft workshops and even stalls (meeting the demand and activating the economy) related to resident life relations; resident public clubs and mess halls (meeting the marriage and diet of residents during marriage and funeral); the other spaces of the first layer and the platform open up the places of second yield and third yield or creative industrial spaces (the residents can have a stable and life-sustaining work, the entrepreneurship can have practical places, and the community and social benefits can be increased); the greening planting belt and the rest place are arranged around the platform, so that the building ecology is restored, and a fire safety channel is opened up. The livable life needs only comfortable living space, harmonious neighborhood, perfect service facilities and vigorous city well, does not have too much pressure on learning and old-age care, and ensures that residents live safely, easily and have happiness.

A kindergarten or a school is built on a multifunctional platform of a residential area, and the multifunctional platform is an independent safe space isolated from a social complex on the ground, so that children can completely walk on the way and go to school by themselves, and the mental pressure and the running wave of the current parents for receiving and delivering the children every day are relieved; the student can shorten the learning way and increase the sleeping time, which is beneficial to physical and mental health; the rest time of the parents and the children is increased together, the parents are relaxed, the children are happy, the parents enjoy the atmosphere of Tianlun, or the situation that the young parents cannot take care of the mental anxiety of the childbearing because of the work and the child bearing in the modern urban mode can be eliminated, or the urban childbearing ecology can be improved.

The three-dimensional urban community comprises one, two and three-production employment places and a multifunctional complex structure integrating functions and habitation, most residents can attend the employment at the residence, and the walking time for going to work and getting out of work is 3-5 minutes; kindergarten and school are built on the community platform, and students walk to school for 3-5 minutes. Modern city workers with plane layout are separated from the residence to the workplace, the workers fly in a long-distance bird waiting mode twice every day and parents pick up children to and from the school and depend on traffic in the morning and evening, meanwhile, the resident cars stop the basement of the community, pedestrian ways and slow lanes are arranged below a street corridor and are still on the road for driving, and the problem of traffic jam is thoroughly changed.

Every layer of three-dimensional city building all sets up balcony, courtyard and outer corridor all around, and intercommunication from top to bottom, as three-dimensional greening or farming space at ordinary times, in case there is the conflagration alert feelings or when the special incident, people all can follow the outer balcony of building or corridor from holding down to ground. The potential safety hazard that the fire frequently causes serious casualties because a modern closed high-rise building is not provided with an external escape channel can be eliminated.

As shown in fig. 5, the view is to solve the modern city syndrome and the problem of non-sustainability for the stereo city idea.

The multifunctional urban and rural complex urban construction mode with three-dimensional layout can reduce the hunting of the farmland by the planar layout 'spreading big cake' type urban construction movement; the roof of the building area is used for land reclamation, and the mode of 'simultaneous occupation and simultaneous replenishment' of the building occupation and the cultivated land reclamation can inhibit the 'balance occupation' expansion cultivated land replenishment mode at the expense of natural resources outside the area, such as sea filling, lake filling, mountain digging land reclamation and the like in different places. The roof is built on the ground, and the large environment outside the construction area, on which human beings depend for survival, is protected while the ecology of the construction area is restored.

As shown in fig. 6, the roof planting unit 1 includes furrow field blocks and furrows 110, the furrow field blocks are separated by the furrows 110, furrow prefabricated plates 111 are arranged above the furrows 110, and the sections of the furrow prefabricated plates 110 are rectangular; and the bottom of the furrow precast slab 110 is provided with a U-shaped notch with a downward opening, and the bottom of the furrow precast slab 110 is arranged on the concrete precast hollow brick of the water storage layer 105. At least a walkway precast slab 112 is arranged at a position close to the parapet wall, and the section of the walkway precast slab 112 is rectangular; the bottom of the walkway precast slab 112 is provided with a rectangular notch; the bottom of the walkway precast slabs 112 are set on the concrete precast hollow bricks of the aquifer 105. A drainage ditch 109 is arranged at the bottom of the walkway precast slab 112; the drainage ditch 109 is internally provided with a water inlet pipe and a drainage pipe, the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is higher than the water storage layer 105, the drainage port of the drainage pipe is provided with a freely rotating movable joint, the height of the water level can be freely adjusted, and the drainage pipe penetrates through the parapet wall and is connected with a drainage pipeline outside the parapet wall. The ridge field block sequentially comprises a roof structure layer 101, a leveling layer 102, a waterproof layer 103, a protective layer 104, a water storage layer 105, a filter layer 106, a substrate layer 107 and a planting layer 108 from bottom to top; the bottom of each furrow and drainage ditch 109 sequentially comprises a roof structure layer 101, a leveling layer 102, a waterproof layer 103 and a protective layer 104 from bottom to top; intervene in the building design stage, building load reaches the requirement of planting the roofing, parapet and roofing access & exit plant the layer above position and roofing whole cast-in-place, similar to pool structure, the pure flat design of roofing, the roofing sets up stainless steel sheet or glass steel and makes waterproof layer 103, no longer establishes protective layer 104 in addition, if adopt flexible materials such as SBS to make waterproof layer 103, cast-in-place 30-40mm fine stone all on waterproof layer 103 makes protective layer 104, further play water-proof effects through waterproof layer 103, prevent the phenomenon of leaking. The protective layer 104 is provided with 80-120mm concrete prefabricated hollow bricks with capillary penetration function as water storage layers 105 (the water storage rate is required to be more than 70%), the water storage layers 105 are provided with 240 g/square meter and more than one geotextile as filter layers 106, dry land cultivation is conveniently set into a ridge-ridge type planting mode according to agricultural planting, the width of each ridge surface is 80-100mm, the width of each ridge-furrow plate is 250-300mm, and the planting matrix is covered in each ridge by 20-30 cm.

The water storage layer 105 is made of the concrete prefabricated hollow bricks with the capillary penetration function, so that the water storage planting design can fully utilize domestic water (sewage) or fully utilize natural rainwater, the roof land area is small, but as long as the concrete prefabricated hollow bricks are fully considered in the building design, the population density does not exceed 3 ten thousand per square kilometer, and the water storage planting device can completely bear the self-feeding, self-cleaning and self-cleaning capacities of vegetables and partial food of urban residents. The water storage layer 105 and the substrate layer can absorb water with the volume of 200mm at one time, can bear any heavy rain or extra heavy rain without overflowing, and has excellent sponge function; roof retaining farming system is different from the greening planting system that the roof is given first place to with the drainage, consequently no longer need spray irrigation, drip irrigation the complicated irrigation system such as, only need a water-supply line insert the water-storage layer can, consequently construction convenience, construction low cost saves time, saves labour, laborsaving. Meanwhile, the micro-circulation supporting facilities are constructed on the ground, including a small ecological pig farm and a methane tank which are constructed in a matching way according to the proportion of population 1/10-15, so that the micro-circulation agricultural system is constructed in a city which is separated from the countryside.

As shown in fig. 7 to 8, when the temperature is continuously measured in the extreme high temperature period in summer for 10 years, and the maximum temperature is continuously 38-40 ℃ for multiple days (the temperature of a non-louvered box), the soil covering is only 29-30.5 ℃ for planting, and the temperature of a bare roof is between 64-67 ℃, and is directly reduced by 35-37 ℃; the indoor temperature of the soil-covered planted roof is 30-33 ℃, the indoor temperature of the common heat-preservation and heat-insulation roof is 38-43 ℃, and the temperature is reduced by 5-12 ℃. Meanwhile, the heat radiation of the roof can be reduced, the rise of the ambient temperature is slowed down, the starting time of the indoor air conditioner is also reduced, the heat of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner is indirectly reduced, the ambient air temperature is increased, and the heat island effect is reduced; in winter, the earth covering planted roof still keeps 2.5 ℃ and 2 ℃ indoors in an extremely low temperature period (the air temperature is minus 6.5 ℃), and the temperature of a bare roof is lowered to minus 10 ℃ and minus 4.5 ℃ indoors, the temperature difference between the two roofs is 12.5 ℃ and the temperature difference between the two roofs is 6.5 ℃. The soil-covered agricultural planting roof has good heat preservation and insulation effects no matter in the summer extreme high temperature period or the winter extreme low temperature period. In addition, the phenomenon that the heat of the roof and the room are reversely transferred with the heat of the roof of the common heat-insulating material occurs (namely, the temperature of the top (outdoor) of the roof plate is lower than the temperature of the bottom (indoor) of the plate in summer in a high-temperature period, and the temperature of the top (outdoor) of the roof plate is higher than the temperature of the bottom (indoor) of the plate in winter in an extreme low-temperature period), so that the heat-insulating effect of the soil-covering agricultural planting is beyond the reach of other heat-insulating materials.

The roof agriculture and the microcirculation agriculture in the three-dimensional city solve the problems of modern city syndrome and non-sustainability: the method comprises the following steps of (1) solving the problem of ecological restoration of a building area, wherein the solving method comprises roof agricultural planting and three-dimensional greening; and secondly, solving the problem of urban heat island effect, and solving the problem that the flat roof is made into an agricultural planting roof by adopting a lower water storage 10 cm and an earthing 25 cm. (compared with the common heat-insulating material roof, the earth-covered planted roof has obvious functions of warming in winter and cooling in summer); thirdly, land reclamation and agricultural utilization in the building area are achieved, and the solution is roof soil covering and land building, courtyard and balcony agriculture and basement edible fungus cultivation; the problem of environmental destruction of building land occupation and remote reclamation is solved, the solution is roof land reclamation, the land occupation balance of the building area is realized, and a land supplement mode which takes mountain opening and lake filling to sacrifice resources outside the area as a cost can be avoided so as to save; the problem of urban resident vegetable baskets is solved, the method is to open up 10 square meters per person, and a roof vegetable garden can basically realize self-sufficiency of vegetables all the year round; sixthly, the urban food safety is solved, the supply is guaranteed, the disaster prevention and resistance are realized, the solution is 30 square meters per person, and the roof farmland has quite long life-keeping capability even if the external food supply is interrupted; solving urban inland inundation and improving the utilization rate of rainwater, wherein the solving method is a water storage type roof farmland, can accumulate a large amount of rainwater and has good sponge urban function; (VIII) the problem that the discharge of the household biomass garbage of residents pollutes the environment is solved, and the solution is that the household biomass garbage can be consumed at the source of a production place through roof agricultural cultivation or agricultural biologic chain; solving the problem that the domestic sewage discharged by residents pollutes the environment, and solving the problem that the domestic sewage is consumed at the source of a production place through agricultural and biological chain approach and greening irrigation; the problem of renewable clean energy of residents is solved, and the solution is to use biogas engineering, solar power generation and geothermal energy; the building cost of the roof reclamation and the micro agriculture circulating system is increased, the solution is that the investment is increased for the roof reclamation, but the heat preservation and insulation and the building slope layer are saved, the circulating agriculture matching system only adjusts the conventional sewage discharge facilities, and the cost increase is not more than 5% of the total building cost.

Destruction of roof agricultural restoration building to surface ecosystem: the building destroys the natural ecosystem of forests, farmlands and wetlands, deprives living spaces of animals and plants, and leads to desertification of the building area. The crops and the plants on the vertical surfaces around the crops are planted on the roof, the whole building is like a large ginseng-day tree, the green restoration area is larger than or equal to the floor area of the building, and the damage of the building to the surface ecosystem is repaired. Roof agriculture not only provides food for human beings, but also provides food and habitat for small animals, so that the building area is close to farmland ecology to the maximum extent.

The roof land reclamation realizes the reclamation of building areas and the permanent utilization of cultivated land: the three-dimensional city design of 'house and ground integration' for building the roof opens up a 'filling and balancing' mode for simultaneously carrying out building occupation and cultivated land restoration in the same area, so that the building only occupies space and does not occupy the ground, and the restriction of the ground on the building is broken. From the statistics of the 28 roof-making agricultural utilization test points established by us, the roof-making area is 88% of the occupied area of the building on average. The balcony, terrace or basement opens up the test point for cultivating the edible fungi, and the agricultural utilization area is larger than the floor area of the building and even reaches 140 percent. The building integrated with the house and the ground can ensure the continuous utilization of cultivated land in a building area, and the roof farmland is completely controllable, has rich organic fertilizer resources and can be cultivated into fertile drought-waterlogging harvest-keeping good farmland.

The city of the three-dimensional utilization space can protect the big environment for human survival: the multifunctional urban and rural complex urban construction mode with three-dimensional layout can reduce the hunting of the farmland by the planar layout 'spreading big cake' type urban construction movement; the roof of the building area is used for land reclamation, and the mode of 'simultaneous occupation and simultaneous replenishment' of the building occupation and the cultivated land reclamation can inhibit the 'balance occupation' expansion cultivated land replenishment mode at the expense of natural resources outside the area, such as sea filling, lake filling, mountain digging land reclamation and the like in different places. The roof is built on the ground, and the large environment outside the construction area, on which human beings depend for survival, is protected while the ecology of the construction area is restored.

Rooftop agriculture is a reliable urban food supply base: every hectare of roof farmland can produce about 100-150 tons of vegetables every year, and the vegetable demand of about 1000 people can be met according to the vegetable consumption level of the existing urban residents; 1 agricultural manager produces vegetables on the roof, can supply 150 ~ 200 people to eat, therefore roof vegetable garden is the city vegetable basket base of reality. When grains in a large area are not received sufficiently in a field with extra-large natural disasters or grains are in crisis due to political reasons or war and other emergencies, urban residents can save themselves through roof agricultural production, and even can live for a long time when people all occupy more than 30 square meters of roof farmland (practice of moon palace No. 1 is verified).

The roof agriculture impounds rainwater, so that urban waterlogging can be reduced or eliminated: roof farmland, vegetable garden, fish pond and wetland can fully hold up rainwater. When the common planting roof is provided with the water storage layer of 100mm and the planting layer of 250mm, rainwater of about 200mm can be absorbed at one time, and even if the common planting roof is subjected to extremely heavy rainstorm, too much rainwater can not reach the ground due to the storage function of crops, soil and the water storage layer. Even if it rains for a long time, the time of rainwater reaching the ground is prolonged, municipal drainage is provided, and waterlogging caused by area water is avoided. And every hectare of roof farmland conveys 1.2-1.5 ten thousand tons of water vapor to the atmosphere through plant transpiration or soil evaporation every year, is equal to an urban wetland system, so that the rainwater falling in a building area can normally return to the atmosphere, participate in normal circulation of the water vapor, and keep the humidity above the city, and is a reliable mode of low-influence development of a sponge city.

The problem that children enter the residence to study nearby in the stereo city to crack parents to pick up and deliver is as follows: a kindergarten or a school is built on a living area platform, and is an independent safe space isolated from the social with miscellaneous ground, so that children can completely walk on the way and go to school by themselves, and the mental pressure of current parents for receiving and sending the children every day and the difference between the mental pressure and the back-and-forth running wave are liberated; the student can shorten the learning way and increase the sleeping time, which is beneficial to physical and mental health; the rest time of the parents and the children is increased together, the parents are relaxed, the children are happy, the parents enjoy the atmosphere of Tianlun, or the situation that the young parents cannot take care of the mental anxiety of the childbearing because of the work and the child bearing in the modern urban mode can be eliminated, or the urban childbearing ecology can be improved.

The modern urban traffic problem is solved by the occupation of residents in the three-dimensional city: the three-dimensional urban community comprises one, two and three-production employment places and a multifunctional complex structure integrating functions and habitation, most residents can attend the employment at the residence, and the walking time for going to work and getting out of work is 3-5 minutes; kindergarten and school are built on the community platform, and students walk to school for 3-5 minutes. Modern city workers with plane layout are separated from the residence to the workplace, the workers fly in a long-distance bird waiting mode twice every day and parents pick up children to and from the school and depend on traffic in the morning and evening, meanwhile, the resident cars stop the basement of the community, pedestrian ways and slow lanes are arranged below a street corridor and are still on the road for driving, and the problem of traffic jam is thoroughly changed.

The balcony and the terrace which are communicated with the periphery of the three-dimensional urban building open escape safe passages for residents: every layer of three-dimensional city building all sets up balcony, courtyard and outer corridor all around, and intercommunication from top to bottom, as three-dimensional greening or farming space at ordinary times, in case there is the conflagration alert feelings or when the special incident, people all can follow the outer balcony of building or corridor from holding down to ground. The potential safety hazard that the fire frequently causes serious casualties because a modern closed high-rise building is not provided with an external escape channel can be eliminated.

As shown in fig. 9, roof grain and oil crops were planted: and almost all grain crops in Zhejiang and Jiangsu are planted in 28 roof agricultural test points, because the roof agricultural adopts reclaimed water irrigation, fertilizers and water sources are fully guaranteed, the ventilation and illumination conditions are good, the planted crops all obtain higher yield, and particularly, the sweet potatoes are cultivated by loose substrates, the yield is more than one time higher than that of the ground, and is 2-3 times higher than that of a 'heaven field' without irrigation facilities in mountainous areas. Roof agriculture is a beneficial supplement of ground large agriculture, and at least adds a defense line (urban resident survival safety spare tire) for urban grain crisis.

As shown in fig. 10, roof vegetable crop planting: the roof is used for planting vegetables, urban residents are nearest to a dining table and are the most reliable vegetable basket base, the supplied vegetables are fresh, various special vegetables which are not suitable for commodity production can be planted, including green vegetables which are large in edible amount but not resistant to storage and transportation, and the like, the vegetable garden with 10 square roofs per capita basically can achieve self-supply of vegetables all year round.

As shown in fig. 11, the roof fishpond and aquatic crops are cultivated and planted: the roof can be used for planting grains and vegetables, a fish pond and a wetland system can be built, when the water depth is 50-80 cm, an independent water inlet and outlet facility is arranged, the water is properly shaded in summer, common freshwater fishes can normally grow, the fish pond and aquatic plants are matched for planting, if farmed paddy field fishes do not pay much attention basically, the fishes can grow well, and no problem exists in breeding golden carps, turtles and loaches. Water bamboo, arrowhead, water chestnut, lotus root and other aquatic vegetables planted in the wetland system can grow well and can be harvested well.

As shown in fig. 12, rooftop orchards: the soil layer on the roof can plant various fruit trees such as peaches, plums, pears, pomegranates, oranges, pomelos, jujubes, persimmons, fruit mulberries, figs, grapes and kiwi fruits when the soil layer is 25-30 cm, the shallow planting layer is very suitable for high-yield cultivation concepts such as root-limiting cultivation, single-stem pruning, dwarfing close planting and the like in the current fruit production, the height of the crown of a three-year peach tree is 1.5m, the diameter of the crown of the peach tree is 2.8m, 10.5kg of produced peaches are produced, and the high-yield target of conventional orchard cultivation is achieved.

As shown in fig. 13, rooftop greenhouses: the roof can be used for building agriculture, including plastic multi-span greenhouse, glass sunlight house, glass greenhouse, bird nest structure plastic greenhouse, light steel structure glass greenhouse and the like, and can be implemented on the roof when the facility is on the ground, and the foundation is a concrete building body, so the roof is firmer than the ground.

As shown in fig. 1 to 13, the roof water storage planting circulation system firstly converts human and animal excreta into biogas slurry, the biogas slurry is applied under the soil layer and directly absorbed by the root system, no contact with the surface of crops is caused, no pollution risk exists, the treated biogas slurry has no odor and is completely under the soil layer and cannot be emitted into the air, biomass garbage and sewage are not discharged outside the city, logistics and energy flow circulate in the human life circle in a reciprocating manner, the earth resources are continuously utilized, roof agriculture guarantees supply, survival spare tires are created for urban residents, the anti-risk capability is improved, the city is safer, and human lives are not life.

Claims (10)

1. A three-dimensional urban building system capable of continuously living is characterized in that the three-dimensional urban building comprises a roof planting unit (1), a human living unit (2), an edible mushroom cultivation unit (3), a methane unit (4), an animal breeding unit (5) and an underground rainwater recovery unit (6); the roof planting unit (1), the human living unit (2), the edible fungus cultivation unit (3), the methane unit (4), the animal breeding unit (5) and the underground rainwater recovery unit (6) are vertically distributed; the edible fungus cultivation unit (3), the methane unit (4) and the underground rainwater recovery unit (6) are respectively distributed underground the building; the human living units (2) are respectively distributed on the ground; the animal breeding units (5) are distributed at the lower layer of the building; the roof planting units (1) are distributed on the top layer of the building; the biogas residues and biogas slurry between the roof planting unit (1) and the biogas unit (4) are provided for the roof planting unit (1) through the biogas unit (4); sewage and human excrement are led to the biogas unit (4) between the human life unit (2) and the biogas unit (4) through the human life unit (2), and gas is supplied to the human life unit (2) through the biogas unit (4); residue and waste materials between the edible fungus cultivation unit (3) and the biogas unit (4) are provided for the biogas unit (4) through the edible fungus cultivation unit (3), and residue and waste materials between the edible fungus cultivation unit (3) and the animal cultivation unit (5) are provided for the animal cultivation unit (5) through the defective products of the edible fungus cultivation unit (3); animal excrement between the animal breeding unit (5) and the biogas unit (4) is conveyed to the biogas unit (4) through the animal breeding unit (5); roof irrigation water is provided for the roof planting units (1) through the underground rainwater recovery units (6) between the underground rainwater recovery units (6) and the roof planting units (1); the roof planting unit (1) recovers redundant water to the underground rainwater recovery unit (6).

2. A sustainable three-dimensional urban building system according to claim 1, wherein the human living unit (2) comprises open blocks, ground traffic, street wells and multifunctional platforms; the multifunctional platform comprises factories, markets and industrial parks; a living area is also built on the multifunctional platform, and the living area comprises a house, an apartment, an economic hotel, a kindergarten and a school; the roof planting unit (1) comprises a farmland planting area and a greening planting area.

3. A sustainable three-dimensional urban building system according to claim 2, wherein the multifunctional platform is provided with street galleries on one floor and all around; a zero-rent shop and a public place are arranged on the inner side of the multifunctional platform; the inner side of the upper layer of the multifunctional platform is provided with a second-yield place, a third-yield place and an creative industry space; and green planting belts are arranged around the outer side of the upper layer of the multifunctional platform.

4. A sustainable three-dimensional urban construction system according to claim 1, wherein the roof planting unit (1) comprises furrowed fields and furrows (110), the furrowed fields are separated by the furrows (110), a furrow prefabricated plate (111) is arranged above the furrows (110), a walkway prefabricated plate (112) is arranged at least near the parapet wall, and a drainage ditch (109) is arranged at the bottom of the walkway prefabricated plate (112); the farmland block sequentially comprises a roof structure layer (101), a leveling layer (102), a waterproof layer (103), a protective layer (104), a water storage layer (105), a filter layer (106), a substrate layer (107) and a planting layer (108) from bottom to top; the bottom of each furrow and each drainage ditch (109) sequentially comprises a roof structure layer (101), a leveling layer (102), a waterproof layer (103) and a protective layer (104) from bottom to top.

5. A sustainable three-dimensional urban building system according to claim 4, wherein the waterproof layer (103) is made of SBS flexible material.

6. A sustainable three-dimensional urban building system according to claim 4, wherein the waterproof layer (103) is made of stainless steel sheet or glass fiber reinforced plastic material, and no additional protective layer (104) is provided.

7. The sustainable stereo city building system according to claim 4, wherein the protective layer (104) is made of 30-40mm all fine stone material; the water storage layer (105) is made of 80-120mm concrete prefabricated hollow brick materials with capillary penetration functions.

8. The sustainable three-dimensional urban building system according to claim 4, wherein the filter layer (106) is made of geotextile material having a weight of 240 g/square meter and more.

9. The sustainable three-dimensional city building system according to claim 4, wherein the furrow prefabricated plate (110) has a rectangular cross-section; the bottom of the furrow precast slab (110) is provided with a U-shaped notch with a downward opening, and the bottom of the furrow precast slab (110) is arranged on a concrete precast hollow brick of the water storage layer (105); the section of the walkway precast slab (112) is rectangular; the bottom of the walkway precast slab (112) is provided with a rectangular notch; the bottom of the walkway precast slab (112) is arranged on the concrete precast hollow brick of the aquifer (105).

10. A sustainable three-dimensional urban building system according to claim 4, wherein the drainage ditch (109) is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is higher than the aquifer (105), the water outlet of the water outlet pipe is provided with a freely rotatable movable joint, and the water outlet pipe passes through the parapet wall and is connected with a water outlet pipeline outside the parapet wall.

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