SI22050A - Driving and controlling unit of device for splitting firewood and controlling procedure for this kind of device - Google Patents

Driving and controlling unit of device for splitting firewood and controlling procedure for this kind of device Download PDF

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Publication number
SI22050A
SI22050A SI200500164A SI200500164A SI22050A SI 22050 A SI22050 A SI 22050A SI 200500164 A SI200500164 A SI 200500164A SI 200500164 A SI200500164 A SI 200500164A SI 22050 A SI22050 A SI 22050A
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Slovenia
Prior art keywords
cylinder
piston rod
hydraulic
pressure
inner tube
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Application number
SI200500164A
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Slovenian (sl)
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SI22050B (en
Inventor
Iztok Span
Original Assignee
Tajfun Planina Proizvodnja Strojev D.O.O.
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Application filed by Tajfun Planina Proizvodnja Strojev D.O.O. filed Critical Tajfun Planina Proizvodnja Strojev D.O.O.
Priority to SI200500164A priority Critical patent/SI22050B/en
Priority to AT06733572T priority patent/ATE417206T1/en
Priority to DK06733572T priority patent/DK1886027T3/en
Priority to PCT/SI2006/000015 priority patent/WO2006130120A1/en
Priority to DE602006004207T priority patent/DE602006004207D1/en
Priority to EP06733572A priority patent/EP1886027B1/en
Publication of SI22050A publication Critical patent/SI22050A/en
Publication of SI22050B publication Critical patent/SI22050B/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1466—Hollow piston sliding over a stationary rod inside the cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/028—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the actuating force
    • F15B11/032—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the actuating force by means of fluid-pressure converters
    • F15B11/0325—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the actuating force by means of fluid-pressure converters the fluid-pressure converter increasing the working force after an approach stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20538—Type of pump constant capacity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30525—Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/31—Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3138—Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element the positions being discrete
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/315—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit
    • F15B2211/3157—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to a pressure source, an output member and a return line
    • F15B2211/31576—Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to a pressure source, an output member and a return line having a single pressure source and a single output member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/32—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/321—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation mechanically
    • F15B2211/324—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation mechanically manually, e.g. by using a lever or pedal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/405—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40507—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve with constant throttles or orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/415—Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/41554—Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit being connected to a return line and a directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50536—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using unloading valves controlling the supply pressure by diverting fluid to the return line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50563—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a differential pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/515—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/5151—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and a directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/515—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/5153—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit being connected to an output member and a directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/52—Pressure control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/528—Pressure control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/55—Pressure control for limiting a pressure up to a maximum pressure, e.g. by using a pressure relief valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7053—Double-acting output members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7055—Linear output members having more than two chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/775—Combined control, e.g. control of speed and force for providing a high speed approach stroke with low force followed by a low speed working stroke with high force, e.g. for a hydraulic press

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention is based on the problem of how to design a completely hydraulically operating driving and controlling unit, i.e. without electricity and/or electronics, for a device for splitting firewood - in which a splitting or pushing tool is mounted on a pushrod (2) of a cylinder (1), which, due to approaching of the pushrod (2) in the direction of the longitudinal axis of a stub, hits and cleaves the latter longitudinally during its further movement in the same direction - in order the unit would be able to drive and control this kind of device which should be adapted all the time to loading conditions resulting first of all from differences in toughness or splitting resistance, so that the movement of the pushrod would be as quick as possible in the case of low splitting resistance, while in the case of increased resistance, a substantial increase of the pushing force on the pushrod (2) and a decrease of its speed would be achieved.

Description

Pogonska in krmilna enota naprave za cepljenje drv ter postopek krmiljenja tovrstne napraveThe drive and control unit of the firewood splitting device and the process of controlling the device

Na področju gozdarstva izum spada na področje naprav za cepljenje drv oz. za vzdolžno cepljenje predhodno na ustrezno dolge panje razrezane hlodovine. Po drugi strani izum v okviru strojništva spada na področje hidravlike, še zlasti k hidravličnim napravam, ki so značilne po krmiljenju hitrost delovanja.In the field of forestry, the invention relates to the field of wood splitting machines. for longitudinal grafting of previously cut logs of cut logs. On the other hand, the invention in the field of mechanical engineering belongs to the field of hydraulics, in particular to hydraulic devices, which are characterized by their speed control.

Pri tem je izum osnovan na problemu, kako zasnovati povsem hidravlično t.j. brez uporabe elektrike in/ali elektronike delujočo pogonsko in krmilno enoto naprave za cepljenje drv, pri kateri je na batnici cilindra nameščeno cepilno ali potisno orodje, ki potem, ko zahvaljujoč približevanju batnice v vzdolžni osni smeri panja, zadene v panj in ga ob nadaljnjem premikanju v taisti smeri vzdolžno razkolje, da bo enota omogočala pogon in krmiljenje tovrstne naprave, ki bosta vseskozi prilagojena obremenitvenim razmeram, ki so posledica predvsem različne žilavosti oz. cepilnega odpora, tako da naj bi bilo pri majhnem cepilnem odporu pomikanje batnice karseda hitro, pri povečanem odporu pa naj bi bilo omogočeno doseganje znatno povečane potisne sile na batnici in zmanjšanje njene hitrosti.In doing so, the invention is based on the problem of how to design a purely hydraulic i.e. without the use of electricity and / or electronics, the operating drive and control unit of the firewood splitting device, in which a splitting or pushing tool is mounted on the cylinder piston which, due to the proximity of the piston rod in the longitudinal axis of the hive, hits the hive and moves it further in the same direction, the longitudinal rift, that the unit will enable the operation and control of this type of device, which will always be adapted to the load conditions, which are due mainly to different toughness or. splitting resistance, so that with a small splitting resistance, the piston rod should be moved as quickly as possible, and the increased resistance would make it possible to achieve a significantly increased thrust force on the piston rod and reduce its speed.

V patentni literaturi so znane številne naprave za cepljenje drv, in sicer od nekaterih čisto mehansko delujočih pa vse do hidravličnih ali kombiniranih, zadnje čase celo elektronsko krmiljenih. Izum se osredotoča na hidravlične naprave, ki so v kombinaciji z vsakokrat razpoložljivim gozdarskim strojem uporabljive kjerkoli, t.j. bodisi na poljubni lokaciji v gozdu ali npr. na polju ali tudi v naseljih.Many wood splitting devices are known in the patent literature, ranging from some mechanically operated to hydraulic or combined, and even electronically controlled lately. The invention focuses on hydraulic devices which, in combination with any available forestry machine, can be used anywhere, i.e. either at any location in the forest or e.g. in the field or also in settlements.

Tako je v CH 605 068 opisana priprava, ki obsega ploščo in zagozdo, ki ju je možno vpeti neposredno v klasičen tritočkovni hidravlični mehanizem na traktorju ter na ta način ustvariti potrebno silo za cepljenje drv. Tovrstna priprava deluje počasi, zelo zamudno pa je tudi nameščanje panjev, predvidenih za cepljenje.Thus, CH 605 068 describes a device comprising a plate and a wedge that can be inserted directly into a classic three-point hydraulic mechanism on the tractor and thus create the necessary force for splitting firewood. This kind of preparation is slow and installation of the hives intended for vaccination is very time-consuming.

Nadalje je v CA 1,084,814 opisana hidravlična cepilna priprava, nekakšna giljotina, ki je pritrjena na podvozju. Rezilo je nameščeno na horizontalni prečki, ki je v vertikalni smeri premakljiva in vodena v horizontalnih vodilih v ustreznem okviru, ob katerem je nameščen hidravlični cilinder, katerega batnica preko vzvoda premika omenjeno prečko in s tem rezilo v vertikalni smeri. Krmiljenje hidravličnega valja sicer v omenjenem viru ni podrobneje opisano, vendar gre nedvomno za starejšo in zelo preprosto rešitev, pri kateri je predvideno tudi ročno nameščanje panjev in odstranjevanje polen, medtem ko samemu režimu in ekonomiki cepljenja drv ne posvečajo nikakršne pozornosti.Further, CA 1,084,814 describes a hydraulic splitting device, a kind of guillotine attached to a chassis. The blade is mounted on a horizontal bar, which is movable vertically and guided in horizontal guides in a suitable frame, next to which is mounted a hydraulic cylinder whose piston moves the bar over the lever and thus the blade in a vertical direction. The control of the hydraulic cylinder is not described in detail in the mentioned source, but it is undoubtedly an older and very simple solution, which also provides for the manual placement of the hives and the removal of logs, while paying no attention to the regime and economics of logging.

Nadaljnja rešitev po DE 195 07 187 Al zaradi možnosti poškodb želi odpraviti potrebo po ročnem podajanju panjev. Predlagana je priprava, ki je zasnovana kot čeljust, ki jo je možno prigraditi v obstoječ hidravlični mehanizem pri bagru, s čimer torej odpade potreba po ročnem podajanju panjev, obenem pa je bagerist zavarovan pred poškodbami. Tudi v tem primeru gre za počasno in neekonomično pripravo, ki sicer deluje, vendar nikakor ne sledi sodobnim potrebam.A further solution according to DE 195 07 187 Al, due to the possibility of damage, seeks to eliminate the need to manually feed the hives. It is proposed a device designed as a jaw that can be fitted into an existing hydraulic mechanism in the excavator, thus eliminating the need to manually feed the hives while protecting the excavator from damage. In this case too, it is a slow and uneconomical preparation, which, although it works, does not in any way meet contemporary needs.

Aktualno stanje tehnike predstavljajo naprave, pri katerih je na voljo horizontalno potekajoče korito, v katero je namestljiv panj, pri čemer je na eni strani korita nameščeno v osni smeri korita delujoče enojno ali večkratno rezilo, na nasprotni strani pa je na voljo potisno sredstvo, ki je gnano z batnico hidravličnega cilindra in potiska vsakokrazen panj vzdolž korita v smeri proti omenjenemu rezila. Možen je tudi obraten pristop, da batnica potiska rezilo proti panju, ki je pri tem v vzdolžni smeri oprt na ustrezno naslonsko steno na koncu korita. Tovrstne naprave delujejo v cikličnem oscilatomem režimu in so razmeroma slabo izkoriščene, saj vsak cikel sestoji iz časa, predvidenega za nameščanje panja, časa potovanja potisnega sredstva do panja, časa cepljenja in zatem še razmeroma dolgega časovnega intervala, kije potreben za povratni hod potisnega sredstva v izhodiščni položaj. Določeno izboljšanje učinkovitosti je sicer možno doseči z delovanjem v dveh režimih, tako daje npr. hitrost batnice med povratnim hodom večja od njene hitrosti med delovnim hodom, kar pa v bistvu ne prinaša omembe vredne koristi.The present state of the art is represented by devices which have a horizontal running trough in which the hive is mounted, with a single or multiple blade operating in the axial direction of the trough, and a pusher on the opposite side. is driven by the piston of the hydraulic cylinder and pushes each hive along the sump in the direction of said blade. It is also possible to reverse the piston rod by pushing the blade against the hive, which is supported in the longitudinal direction by the corresponding back wall at the end of the trough. Such devices operate in a cyclic oscillatory mode and are relatively underutilized, as each cycle consists of the time provided for mounting the hive, the travel time of the pusher to the hive, the vaccination time, and then the relatively long time interval required for the return stroke of the pusher. starting position. Some improvement in efficiency can be achieved by operating in two regimes, for example. the piston velocity during the return stroke is greater than its velocity during the working stroke, which does not, in essence, provide a significant benefit.

Temu v izogib je v FI 2097 Ul predlagana uvedba tandemsko delujoče dvojice hidravličnih cilindrov, katerih batnici sta medsebojno povezani preko vzvoda in se vzdolž vsaka svojega korita premikata izmenično v nasprotnih smereh. Gre torej za izmenično delujoč tandem potisnih sredstev, ki lahko do neke mere eliminira pomanjkljivost neizkoriščenega povratnega hoda, saj je pred vsakim hodom batnic obeh cilindrov vselej na voljo eno korito, v katero je možno vstaviti panj, predviden za cepljenje. Tovrstna naprava je vsekakor povezana z vgradnjo dveh hidravličnih cilindrov, kar terja znatno obsežnejši hidravlični sistem in tudi znatno večje izmere mehanske konstrukcije. Tovrstne naprave so torej večje, dražje in manj prikladne za transport.To avoid this, FI 2097 Ul proposes the introduction of tandem-acting hydraulic cylinders, the pistons of which are interconnected via a lever and move alternately in each of their troughs in opposite directions. This is therefore an alternating tandem of the thrusters, which can to some extent eliminate the disadvantage of unused return stroke, since before each stroke of the pistons of the two cylinders, there is always one trough in which the hive intended for vaccination can be inserted. This kind of device is certainly connected with the installation of two hydraulic cylinders, which requires a much larger hydraulic system and also significantly larger dimensions of the mechanical construction. Such devices are therefore larger, more expensive and less convenient for transport.

Temu nasprotno pa rešitev po EP 1 213 486 A2 vztraja pri uporabi enega samega, in sicer enostransko delujočega hidravličnega cilindra, pri čemer skuša učinkovitost naprave povečati z izbiro primernega režima obratovanja, t.j. da povečuje hitrost hodov batnice kadar in kolikor je to možno. Batnica je načeloma premakljiva zahvaljujoč črpanju hidravličnega medija v cilinder, in sicer bodisi v območje na strani batnice, kjer je na voljo tudi ustrezna vzmet, ali tisto na nasprotni strani bata. Batnica je premakljiva z dvema vnaprej določljivima hitrostima, namreč bodisi z razmeroma majhno delovno hitrostjo in večjo povratno hitrostjo. Če potem, ko rezilo zadene ob panj, slednji med cepljenjem ne nudi dovolj visokega odpora, se batnica še naprej premika z večjo hitrostjo, v nasprotnem primeru pa tlak prekorači neko vnaprej določeno vrednost, zaradi česar se pretok hidravličnega medija spremeni, pri tem pa se hitrost batnice zmanjša. Ne glede na omenjene spremembe hitrosti batnice je sila na batnici pri določeni npr. nazivni ali maksimalni vrednosti tlaka hidravličnega medija v hidravličnem tokokrogu vseskozi enaka. Če torej s tovrstno napravo želijo cepiti razmeroma debele in žilave panje, mora biti hidravlični sistem bodisi predviden in dimenzioniran za delovanje pod zelo visokim tlakom ali pa morajo biti izmere hidravličnega cilindra tako velike, da tudi pri nižjem tlaku zagotavljajo zadostno potisno silo, kar pa je pravzaprav v očitnem nasprotju s tezo, ki jo navajajo v obrazložitvi, da je namreč uporaba dvostransko delujočega cilindra pri tovrstnih napravah zaradi prevelike nabavne vrednosti iz ekonomskih razlogov onemogočena.In contrast, the EP 1 213 486 A2 solution insists on the use of a single, single-acting hydraulic cylinder, seeking to increase the efficiency of the device by selecting a suitable operating mode, i.e. to increase the stroke speed of the piston rod whenever and wherever possible. The piston rod is generally movable due to the pumping of the hydraulic medium into the cylinder, either into the area on the piston side where the corresponding spring is also available, or the one on the opposite side of the piston. The piston rod is movable at two predetermined speeds, either with a relatively low operating speed and a higher return speed. If, after the blade hits the hive, the blade does not offer sufficiently high resistance during splitting, the piston rod continues to move at a higher speed, otherwise the pressure exceeds a predetermined value, causing the flow of the hydraulic medium to change. the piston speed decreases. Notwithstanding the mentioned changes in the speed of the piston rod, the force on the piston rod at a certain e.g. the nominal or maximum pressure value of the hydraulic medium in the hydraulic circuit is always the same. Therefore, if a relatively thick and tough hive is to be grafted on such a device, the hydraulic system must either be designed and dimensioned to operate at very high pressure, or the dimensions of the hydraulic cylinder must be large enough to provide sufficient thrust even at lower pressure, which is in fact, contrary to the argument put forward in the statement that the use of a double-acting cylinder in such devices is precluded for economic reasons by reason of the excessive cost.

Pričujoči izum se ukvarja s pogonsko in krmilno enoto naprave za cepljenje drv, pri čemer tovrstna enota obsega hidravlični cilinder in batnico, na kateri je predvideno bodisi potisno sredstvo ali rezilo, ki je potem s pomočjo batnice potisljivo proti vsakokrat cepljenemu panju. Hidravlični cilinder je preko hidravličnih priključkov povezljiv v ustrezen hidravličen tokokrog, v katerem je na voljo iz rezervoarja s pomočjo črpalke v cilinder črpan hidravlični medij pod ustreznim pritiskom. Po izumu naprava obsega hidravlični cilinder, ki sestoji iz zunanje cevi večjega premera in z njo soosne notranje cevi manjšega premera kot tudi iz glave oz. matice, ki predstavlja dodaten, v osni smeri cilindra t.j. na strani delovnega hoda batnice razpoložljiv prekat. Cilinder je nadalje opremljen s tremi hidravličnimi priključki, omenjena notranja stena cilindra pa je opremljena s protipovratnim ventilom, ki dopušča pretok v notranjost te cevi, ne pa tudi navzven v vmesni prostor med notranjo in zunanjo cevjo cilindra ter votlo batnico, ki je razporejena v vmesnem prostoru med cevema cilindra in obdaja omenjeno notranjo cev cilindra ter je sem ter tja premakljiva vzdolž omenjene notranje cevi cilindra in obenem tudi skozi omenjeno matico cilindra. Omenjena batnica je opremljena z odprtino, ki v izhodiščnem položaju batnice sovpada s protipovratnim ventilom v notranji cevi cilindra, in zasnovana s tesnilnim območjem večjega premera, ki se nahaja med zunanjo cevjo in notranjo cevjo cilindra na strani oz. v smeri njenega povratnega hoda, in vodilnim območjem manjšega premera, ki na primerni distanci obdaja notranjo steno cilindra in je premakljivo skozi omenjeno matico cilindra, kot tudi iz čelnega območja, ki v smeri delovnega hoda batnice sega ven iz cilindra. Hidravlični priključki cilindra so tako razporejeni, da je prvi priključek predviden na zunanji cevi končnega območja cilindra v smeri povratnega hoda batnice, in sicer na odmiku od tesnilnega območja batnice, drugi priključek je predviden spet na zunanji cevi, vendar na nasprotnem koncu cilindra izven območja matice, tretji priključek pa se nahaja v območju matice, neposredno v bližini prej omenjenega drugega priključka. Omenjeni cilinder je z batnico preko omenjenih hidravličih priključkov povezljiv v hidravlični tokokrog, ki ga tvori še rezervoar za hrambo hidravličnega medija, črpalka za zagotavljanje ustreznega pritiska in pretoka hidravličnega medija, razen tega pa še diferencialni ventil, ki je hidravlično povezan s prvim priključkom in rezervoarjem in premakljiv iz enega v drug položaj pri vnaprej določeni vrednosti tlaka, nadalje krmilni ventil, ki je predviden bodisi za hidravlično povezavo črpalke z drugim priključkom cilindra ali za hidravliččno povezavo črpalke z notranjostjo notranje cevi cilindra in je iz enega v drug položaj prestavljiv bodisi z ročico ali podobnim ročno upravljivim mehanskim sredstvom ali tudi s pomočjo tlaka hidravličnega medija iz tretjega priključka in je torej hidravlično povezljiv bodisi z notranjostjo notranje cevi cilindra in/ali s črpalko in preko slednje z rezervoarjem in/ali neposredno z rezervoarjem in/ali posredno preko varnostnega ventila in dušilke z rezervoarjem in/ali z rezervoarjem in drugim priključkom. Omenjeni hidravlični tokokrog nadalje obsega tudi varnostni ventil, ki je vezan vzporedno med hidravličnim vodom, s katerim je preko črpalke krmilni ventil povezan z rezervoarjem, in hidravličnim vodom, s katerim je priključek na matici cilindra preko dušilke povezan z rezervoarjem.The present invention relates to a drive and control unit of a log splitting device, such unit comprising a hydraulic cylinder and a piston rod, on which either a pusher or blade is provided, which is then pushed by the piston against the graft in each case. The hydraulic cylinder is connected through hydraulic connections to a suitable hydraulic circuit, in which hydraulic fluid is pumped from the tank by pump to the cylinder under the appropriate pressure. According to the invention, the device comprises a hydraulic cylinder, which consists of an outer tube of larger diameter and with it coaxial inner tubes of smaller diameter as well as a head or a. of the nut representing the extra, in the axial direction of the cylinder i.e. a compartment available on the piston rod stroke. The cylinder is further provided with three hydraulic connections, said inner wall of the cylinder being provided with a non-return valve that allows flow into the interior of this tube, but not outwards into the intermediate space between the inner and outer tubes of the cylinder and the hollow piston arranged in the intermediate the space between the cylinder tubes and enclosing said inner tube of the cylinder, and is movable here and there along said inner tube of the cylinder and at the same time through said cylinder nut. Said piston rod is provided with an opening which coincides with a non-return valve in the inner tube of the cylinder at the starting position of the piston rod and is designed with a larger diameter sealing area located between the outer tube and the inner tube of the cylinder on the side or. in the direction of its return, and the leading areas of smaller diameter, which, at a suitable distance, surround the inner wall of the cylinder and are movable through said cylinder nut, as well as from the frontal area, which extends out of the cylinder in the direction of the piston stroke. The hydraulic connections of the cylinder are so arranged that the first connection is provided on the outer tube of the end zone of the cylinder in the direction of return of the piston, at a distance from the sealing area of the piston, the second connection is provided again on the outer tube, but at the opposite end of the cylinder outside the area of the nut. , and the third connector is located in the area of the nut, directly adjacent to the previously mentioned second connector. Said cylinder is connected to the hydraulic circuit by means of a piston through said hydraulic connections, which is further formed by a reservoir for storing the hydraulic medium, a pump for providing adequate pressure and flow of the hydraulic medium, and in addition a differential valve hydraulically connected to the first connection and the reservoir. and movable from one position to another at a predetermined pressure value, further a control valve provided either for the hydraulic connection of the pump to another cylinder connection or for the hydraulic connection of the pump to the inside of the inner tube of the cylinder and which is adjustable from one position to another or by a lever or similar manually operated mechanical means, or also by the pressure of the hydraulic medium from the third connection, and is therefore hydraulically connected either to the inside of the inner tube of the cylinder and / or to the pump and via the latter to the tank and / or directly to the tank and / or indirectly via the safety valve. valves and chokes with tank and / or tank and other connection. Said hydraulic circuit further comprises a safety valve which is connected in parallel between the hydraulic line to which the control valve is connected to the reservoir via the pump and the hydraulic line to which the connection on the cylinder nut via the throttle is connected to the reservoir.

Nadalje je za enoto po izumu značilno, da je cilinder z batnico vključen v hidravlični tokokrog, ki je tako zasnovan, da se v razbremenjenem stanju cilindra pred pričetkom delovnega hoda batnice, ko se ta nahaja v izhodiščnem položaju, omogočeo dotekanje hidravličnega medija preko črpalke skozi krmilni ventil v cilinder in tam po notranjosti notranje cevi do drugega priključka na cilindru, kjer odteka spet skozi krmilni ventil nazaj v rezervoar, pri čemer povsod, t.j. v notranjosti notranje cevi, v izvotljenem območju batnice in v vmesnem prostoru med batnico in zunanjo cevjo cilindra vlada minimalni tlak. Še nadalje je za enoto po izumu značilno, da je cilinder z batnico vključen v hidravlični tokokrog, ki je tako zasnovan, daje krmilni ventil s premikom ročice prestavljiv iz enega v drug položaj, tako da je odtlej hidravličnemu mediju omogočen vstop v notranjost notranje cevi cilindra, nakar je batnica z veliko hitrostjo premakljiva v smeri izvajanja delovnega hoda, pri čemer je tlačna izravnava v območju za batnico izvedljiva preko diferencialnega ventila in rezervoarja, tako daje pri izključenem varnostnem ventilu omogočeno obratovanje črpalke z delovnim tlakom ki potem vlada v notranjosti notranje cevi in batnice, medtem ko povsod drugod še naprej vlada minimalni tlak. Še nadalje je za enoto po izumu značilno, da je v hodravličnem tokokrogu, v katerega je vključen cilinder z batnico, potem, ko batnica naleti na cepilni odpor zaradi cepljenja panja, v primeru, če ta odpor ni prevelik in ne izzove zadostnega povišanja tlaka nad vnaprej določeno vrednost, batnici omogočeno nadaljuje premikanje z nespremenjeno hitrostjo in dospetje v končni položaj delovnega hoda, ko je hidravličnemu mediju skozi odprtino batnice omogočen vstopi v notranjost matice in izstop skozi tretji priključek v hidravlični vod, v katerem pa je zaradi prisotnosti dušilke preusmerjen proti krmilnemu ventilu, ki se pri tem premakne oz. se ga s tem prekrmili, s čimer je hidravličnemu mediju omogočeno vstopanje skozi drugi priključek cilindra pod delovnim tlakom v vmesni prostor med batnico na strani delovnega hoda ter notranjo cevjo in zunanjo cevjo cilindra, pri čemer je zahvaljujoč majhni površini hitrost premikanja batnice razmeroma velika. Nadalje je za enoto po izumu tudi značilno, da se, kadar se batnica v med delovnim hodom premika iz izhodiščnega položaja in naleti na znatno povečan cepilni odpor, tlak hidravličnega medija v notranjosti notranje cevi in batnice poveča, kar obenem privede do upočasnitve hoda batnice, s povečanjem tlaka preko vnaprej določene vrednosti pa je diferencialni ventil premakljiv v drug položaj, kar omogoči pretok hidravličnega medija od črpalke preko prvega priključka v cilinder, s čimer je delovnemu tlaku p,, črpalke izpostavljena celotna zadnja površina batnice, ki je obrnjena v smeri njenega povratnega hoda, kar ima za posledico občutno povečanje potisne sile na batnici. Še nadalje je za enoto po izumu značilno, da je ob povečanju tlaka v notranjosti cilindra za batnico ter v notranjosti batnice in notranje cevi cilindra preko najvišje še dopustne vrednosti, vzpostavljen dotok hidravličnega medija od črpalke pod tem največjim tlakom v cilinder skozi diferencialni ventil in prvi priključek, tako da se aktivira varnostni ventil, s tem pa se zahvaljujoč delu hidravličnega medija preko varnostnega ventila premakne in odpre krmilni ventil, medtem ko diferencialni ventil ostane vklopljen. Nadalje je pri enoti po izumu cilinder z batnico vključen v hidravlični tokokrog, ki je tako zasnovan, da je po premiku krmilnega ventila zaradi doseženja najvišjega dopustnega tlaka dotok hidravličnega medija od črpalke preusmerjen proti drugemu priključku cilindra, s čimer je omogočen vstop hidravličnega medija med batnico na njeni v smeri delovnega hoda obrnjeni strani ter med obe cevi cilindra, čemur sledi povratek diferencialnega ventila v izhodiščni položaj in premik batnice v smeri povratnega hoda, tlačna izravnava cilindra na strani povratnega hoda batnice pa je izvedljiva preko krmilnega ventila in rezervoarja.Further, the unit according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the cylinder with the piston rod is included in a hydraulic circuit designed to allow the hydraulic medium to flow through the pump through the pump before starting the piston stroke when it is in the starting position. the control valve into the cylinder and there in the interior of the inner tube to the second connector on the cylinder, where it drains again through the control valve back into the tank, with everywhere, ie there is a minimum pressure inside the inner tube, in the recessed area of the piston rod and in the intermediate space between the piston rod and the outer tube of the cylinder. The unit according to the invention is further characterized by the fact that the piston cylinder is included in a hydraulic circuit, so designed that the control valve can be moved from one position to another by moving the lever so that the hydraulic medium can then enter the inner tube of the cylinder. Then the high-speed piston rod is movable in the direction of the working stroke, the pressure compensation in the area for the piston is feasible through the differential valve and the tank, so that with the safety valve off, it is possible to operate the pump with working pressure, which then rules inside the inner tube and pistons, while minimal pressure continues to prevail everywhere else. Furthermore, the unit according to the invention is characterized in that it is in a hydraulic circuit in which a cylinder with a piston rod is included, after the piston rod encounters a splitting resistance due to the splitting of the hive, in case this resistance is not too large and does not cause sufficient pressure increase above The predetermined value allowed the piston to continue to move at a constant speed and reach the end position of the stroke when the hydraulic medium is allowed to enter the nut inside and out through the third connection into the hydraulic line through which the hydraulic line is redirected to the control line. the valve that moves or it is overlapped, thereby allowing the hydraulic medium to enter through the second cylinder connection under working pressure into the intermediate space between the piston rod on the working stroke and the inner tube and outer tube of the cylinder, with a relatively high displacement of the piston rod due to the small surface area. Furthermore, the unit according to the invention is also characterized by the fact that when the piston rod moves from the starting position during the working stroke and encounters a significantly increased splitting resistance, the pressure of the hydraulic medium inside the inner tube and piston rod increases, which at the same time causes the piston stroke to slow down, by increasing the pressure beyond a predetermined value, the differential valve is moved to a different position, which allows the hydraulic medium to flow from the pump through the first connection to the cylinder, thereby exposing the working pressure p ,, of the pump to the entire rear surface of the piston rod, which faces in the direction of its return stroke, resulting in a significant increase in the thrust on the piston rod. It is further characterized by the unit according to the invention that by increasing the pressure inside the piston cylinder and inside the piston rod and the inner tube of the cylinder beyond the maximum permissible value, the flow of hydraulic medium from the pump under this maximum pressure into the cylinder through the differential valve and the first is established. connection, by activating the relief valve, thereby moving and opening the control valve through the relief valve through the relief valve while the differential valve remains on. Furthermore, in the unit according to the invention, the cylinder with a piston rod is included in a hydraulic circuit designed so that after the movement of the control valve, in order to achieve the maximum allowable pressure, the inflow of the hydraulic medium from the pump is directed to another connector of the cylinder, thereby allowing the hydraulic medium to enter the piston rod. on its side in the direction of the working stroke, and between the two pipes of the cylinder, followed by the return of the differential valve to the starting position and the displacement of the piston in the direction of the return stroke, and the pressure compensation of the cylinder on the side of the return stroke of the piston is possible through the control valve and the tank.

Po izumu je vsekakor značilen tudi postopek krmiljenja naprave za cepljenje drv s pomočjo hidravličnih sredstev, pri čemer se delovni hod batnice v primeru, kadar med izvajanjem delovnega hoda batnice cepilni upor omogoča vzdrževanje tlaka v hidravličnem tokokrogu pod vnaprej določeno vrednostjo, izvrši z razmeroma veliko hitrostjo, nakar se izvrši povratni hod batnice, in sicer s hitrostjo, kije večja od prej omenjene hitrosti delovnega hoda v normalnem režimu obratovanja, medtem ko se v primeru, ko povečanje cepilnega upora privede do povečanja tlaka v hidravličnem tokokrogu preko vnaprej določene vrednosti, hitrost premikanja batnice občutno zmanjša, obenem pa se občutno poveča potisna sila v batnici, medtem ko se v kritični situaciji neposredno pred prekoračenjem meje regularnega obratovanja naprave t.j. dopustnega tlaka s prekrmiljenjem izvrši razbremenitev hidravličnega tokokroga in sočasno vzpostavi povratni hod batnice.The invention is also characterized by the method of controlling the firewood splitting device by means of hydraulic means, whereby the working stroke of the piston rod is carried out at relatively high speed during the operation of the piston rod, the splitting resistor permits maintaining the pressure in the hydraulic circuit below a predetermined value. , after which the piston stroke is reversed at a speed greater than the aforementioned operating stroke in normal mode, while in the case where an increase in the splitting resistance results in an increase in pressure in the hydraulic circuit beyond a predetermined value, the speed of movement of the piston rod is significantly reduced, while at the same time the thrust force in the piston rod is significantly increased, while in the critical situation immediately before the limit of regular operation of the device is exceeded, ie allow the overpressure to relieve the hydraulic circuit and simultaneously reconnect the piston rod.

Izum bo v nadaljevanju obrazložen na osnovi shematične ponazoritve primera izvedbe pogonske in krmilne enote naprave za cepljenje drv, pri čemer je iz zaporedja posameznih korakov razviden tudi postopek krmiljenja tovrstne naprave. Pri tem kažejo sl. 1 shemo naprave v izhodiščnem, razbremenjenem stanju;The invention will hereinafter be explained on the basis of a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the drive and control unit of the firewood splitting device, and the sequence of individual steps also illustrates the process of controlling such a device. Herein, FIG. 1 schematic diagram of the device in its initial, unburdened state;

sl. 2 shemo naprave v začetni fazi cepljenja z veliko hitrostjo;FIG. 2 schematics of the device in the early stage of high-speed vaccination;

sl. 3 shemo naprave v sklepni fazi cepljenja z veliko hitrostjo;FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a device in the final stage of high-speed vaccination;

sl. 4 shemo naprave med izvajanjem povratnega hoda po zaključenih korakih v skladu s sl. 1 do 3;FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for performing a backtracking step by step according to FIG. 1 to 3;

sl. 5 shemo naprave v začetni fazi cepljenja z veliko hitrostjo, ko rezilo zadene v panj, pri tem pa se odpor pri cepljenju znatno poveča;FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a device in the early stage of high-speed grafting when the blade hits the hive, with the grafting resistance significantly increased;

sl. 6 shemo naprave v fazi, ko se po povečanju odpora pri cepljenju slednje nadaljuje z manjšo hitrostjo in znatno povečano potisno silo na batnici;FIG. 6 is a diagram of the device at a stage where, after an increase in the resistance to vaccination, the latter continues at a lower speed and a significantly increased thrust on the piston rod;

sl. 7 shemo naprave v fazi neposredno pred preobremenitvijo t.j. na zgornji meji regularnega obratovanja;FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a device in phase immediately prior to overloading, i.e. at the upper limit of regular operation;

sl. 8 napravo v fazi prekrmiljenja;FIG. 8 device in the control phase;

sl. 9 napravo po izvršenih korakih po sl. 5 do 8 in v fazi vračanja v izhodiščni položaj.FIG. 9 shows the device according to the steps of FIG. 5 to 8 and in the return phase to the starting position.

Naprava po izumu v osnovi sestoji iz hidravličnega cilindra 1, v katerem je na voljo izvotljena batnica 2, ki po sl. 1 v smeri proti desni vrši delovni hod, v smeri proti levi pa povratni hod.The device according to the invention basically consists of a hydraulic cylinder 1 in which an extruded piston 2 is provided, which according to FIG. 1 in the direction to the right makes a working stroke and in the direction to the left a reverse stroke.

Cilinder 1 sestoji iz zunanje cevi 15 in s slednjo soosne notranje cevi 16, kot tudi iz votle glave oz. matice 14, ki predstavlja izvotljen podaljšek delovne prostornine cilindra 1 v njegovi vzdolžni smeri, natančneje v smeri delovnega hoda batnice 2. V notranji cevi 16 cilindra 1 je vgrajen protipovratni ventil 6, ki dopušča pretok hidravličnega medija od zunaj navznoter, ne pa tudi iz notranjosti cevi 16 navzven v vmesni prostor med cevema 15, 16 cilindra 1.Cylinder 1 consists of an outer tube 15 and, with the latter, a coaxial inner tube 16, as well as a hollow head, respectively. nut 14, which represents the displaced extension of the cylinder volume 1 in its longitudinal direction, more precisely in the direction of the piston stroke 2. In the inner tube 16 of the cylinder 1 there is a non-return valve 6 which permits the flow of hydraulic medium from the outside inwards but not from the inside of the conduit 16 to the space between the conduits 15, 16 of cylinder 1.

V vmesnem prostoru med cevema 15, 16 je sem ter tja vzdolž cilindra 1 premakljiva batnica 2, kije votla in obdaja omenjeno notranjo cev 16 cilindra 1 oz. je premakljiva vzdolž omenjene notranje cevi 16 in obenem tudi skozi omenjeno matico 14 cilindra 1. Batnica 2 je opremljena z odprtino 21, ki v izhodišččnem poločaju batnice 2 sovpada s protipovratnim ventilom 6 v notranji cevi 16 cilindraIn the intermediate space between tubes 15, 16, there is a movable piston 2 here and there along cylinder 1, which is hollow and encloses said inner tube 16 of cylinder 1 or. is movable along said inner tube 16 and also through said nut 14 of the cylinder 1. The piston rod 2 is provided with an opening 21 which coincides with a non-return valve 6 in the inner tube 16 of the cylinder at the starting position of the piston 2.

1.1.

Batnica 2 je zasnovana s tesnilnim območjem 23 večjega premera, ki se nahaja med zunanjo cevjo 15 in notranjo cevjo 16 cilindra 1 na strani oz. v smeri njenega povratnega hoda, in vodilnim območjem 22, ki na primerni distanci obdaja notranjo cev 16 cilindra 1 in je premakljivo skozi omenjeno matico 14 cilindra 1, kot tudi iz čelnega območja 24, ki v smeri delovnega hoda batnice 2 sega ven iz cilindra 1.The piston rod 2 is designed with a larger diameter sealing zone 23 located between the outer tube 15 and the inner tube 16 of cylinder 1 on the side or. in the direction of its return, and the guide areas 22, which at a suitable distance surround the inner tube 16 of the cylinder 1 and are movable through said nut 14 of the cylinder 1, as well as from the front area 24, which in the direction of the working stroke of the piston 2 extends out of the cylinder 1 .

Cilinder 1 obsega tri hidravlične priključke 11, 12, 13 za povezavo cilindra 1 v ustrezne hidravlične tokokroge. Prvi priključek 11 je predviden na zunanji cevi 15 končnega območja cilindra 1 v smeri povratnega hoda batnice 2, in sicer na odmiku od tesnilnega območja 23 batnice 2. Drugi priključek 12 je predviden spet na zunanji cevi 15, vendar na nasprotnem koncu cilindra 1 izven območja matice 14, tretji priključek 13 pa se nahaja v območju matice 14, neposredno v bližini prej omenjenega drugega priključka 12. V hidravlični tokokrog je povezljiva tudi noranjost notranje cevi 16 cilindra 1.Cylinder 1 comprises three hydraulic ports 11, 12, 13 for connecting cylinder 1 to the corresponding hydraulic circuits. The first port 11 is provided on the outer tube 15 of the end zone of the cylinder 1 in the direction of the return stroke of the piston 2, at a distance from the sealing area 23 of the piston 2. The second port 12 is provided again on the outer tube 15, but at the opposite end of the cylinder 1 outside the area nut 14, and the third port 13 is located in the area of the nut 14, directly adjacent to the aforementioned second port 12. In the hydraulic circuit, the insanity of the inner tube 16 of the cylinder 1 is also connected.

Poleg omenjenega cilindra 1 in batnice 2 naprava obsega še rezervoar 8 za hrambo hidravličnega medija, črpalko 7 za zagotavljanje ustreznega pritiska hidravličnega medija, razen tega pa šeIn addition to said cylinder 1 and piston 2, the apparatus further comprises a reservoir 8 for storing a hydraulic medium, a pump 7 for providing adequate pressure of the hydraulic medium, and

- dvopoložajni diferencialni ventil 5, ki je hidravlično povezan s prvim priključkom 11 in rezervoarjem 8 ter iz enega v drug položaj premakljiv pro doseženi vnaprej določeni vrednosti tlaka,- a two-way differential valve 5, which is hydraulically connected to the first port 11 and the tank 8, and from one position to another, is moved by a predetermined pressure value achieved,

- krmilni ventil 3, ki je v prikazanem primeru opremljen in prestavljiv bodisi z ročico 31 ali zahvaljujoč tlaku medija iz priključka 13, in hidravlično povezljiv bodisi z notranjostjo notranje cevi 16 cilindra 1 in/ali s črpalko 7 in preko slednje z rezervoarjem 8 in/ali neposredno z rezervoarjem 8 in/ali posredno preko varnostnega ventila 4 in dušilke 9 z rezervoarjem in/ali z rezervoarjem in drugim priključkom 12, in- a control valve 3 which, in the example shown, is equipped and adjustable either by the lever 31 or by the pressure of the medium from port 13, and is hydraulically connected either to the inside of the inner tube 16 of the cylinder 1 and / or to the pump 7 and via the latter with the tank 8 and / or directly with the tank 8 and / or indirectly via the safety valve 4 and the damper 9 with the tank and / or with the tank and other connection 12, and

- varnostni ventil 4, ki je vezan vzporedno med hidravličnim vodom, s katerim je preko črpalke 7 krmilni ventil 3 povezan z rezervoarjem 8, in hidravličnim vodom, s katerim je priključek 13 na matici 14 cilindra 1 preko dušilke 9 povezan z rezervoarjem 8.- a safety valve 4 which is connected in parallel between the hydraulic conduit to which the control valve 3 is connected to the reservoir 8 via pump 7 and the hydraulic conduit to which the connection 13 on the nut 14 of the cylinder 1 is connected to the reservoir 8 via the throttle 9.

Stanje po sl. 1 predstavlja izhodiščno lego batnice 2 pred pričetkom cepljenja. Cilinder 1 razbremenjen, hidravlični medij pa se preko črpalke 7 pretaka skozi krmilni ventil 3 v cilinder 1 in tam po notranjosti notranje cevi 16 do priključka 12, kjer odteka spet skozi krmilni ventil 3 nazaj v rezervoar 8. Povsod, t.j. v notranjosti notranje cevi 16, v izvotljenem območju batnice 2 in v vmesnem prostoru med batnico 2 in zunanjo cevjo 15 cilindra 1 vlada minimalni tlak p0.The state of FIG. 1 represents the starting position of the piston rod 2 before vaccination begins. The cylinder 1 is relieved, and the hydraulic medium is pumped through the control valve 7 through the control valve 3 into the cylinder 1 and then through the inner tube 16 to the connection 12, where it flows again through the control valve 3 back to the tank 8. Everywhere, ie inside the inner tube 16 , there is a minimum pressure p 0 in the recessed area of piston 2 and in the space between piston 2 and outer tube 15 of cylinder 1.

Po premiku ročice 31 krmilnega ventila 3 se slednji preklopi v drug položaj (sl. 2), odtlej pa hidravlični medij vstopa v notranjost notranje cevi 16 cilindra 1, nakar se batnica 2 z veliko hitrosto pomika proti desni in vrši delovni hod, pri čemer se tlačna izravnava v območju za batnico 2 vrši preko diferencialnega ventila 5 in rezervoarja 8. Varnostni ventil 4 je izključen, črpalka 7 pa deluje z delovnim tlakom p,, ki vlada v notranjosti notranje cevi 16 in batnice 2, medtem ko povsod drugod še naprej vlada minimalni tlak po.After the control valve lever 31 is moved 3, the latter moves to a different position (Fig. 2), and from then on the hydraulic medium enters the inside of the inner tube 16 of the cylinder 1, and then the piston 2 moves to the right at high speed and moves. the pressure offset in the area for piston rod 2 is performed via differential valve 5 and reservoir 8. Safety valve 4 is switched off and pump 7 operates with a working pressure p ,, which rules inside the inner tube 16 and piston 2, while everywhere else continues to rule minimum pressure p o .

Ko batnica 2 naleti na cepilni odpor zaradi cepljenja panja, lahko v primeru, če ta odpor ni prevelik in ne izzove zadostnega povišanja tlaka, nadaljuje premikanje z nespremenjeno hitrostjo in dospe v končni položaj delovnega hoda, kakršen je ponazorjen na sl. 3. Hidravlični medij skozi odprtino 21 batnice 2 vstopi v notranjost matice 14 in izstopi skozi tretji priključek 13 v hidravlični vod, v katerem se zaradi prisotnosti dušilke 9 preusmeri proti krmilnemu ventilu 3 in ga s tem premakne oz. prekrmili.When the piston rod 2 encounters a splitting resistance due to the hive splitting, if this resistance is not too large and does not cause sufficient pressure increase, it can continue to move at a constant speed and reach the end position of the stroke, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The hydraulic medium through the opening 21 of the piston rod 2 enters the interior of the nut 14 and exits through the third port 13 into the hydraulic line, in which, due to the presence of the throttle 9, it is diverted towards the control valve 3 and thereby displaced or displaced. they mumbled.

Odtlej hidravlični medij skozi drugi priključek 12 pod delovnim tlakom p, vstopa v vmesni prostor med batnico 2 na strani delovnega hoda ter notranjo cevjo 16 in zunanjo cevjo 15 cilindra 1, pri čemer je zahvaljujoč majhni površini hitrost premikanja batnice 2 lahko zelo velika. Tlačna izravnava pred batnico 2 t.j. v smeri povratnega hoda se vrši preko diferencialnega ventila 3 v rezervoar 8.From now on, the hydraulic medium through the second port 12 under operating pressure p enters the intermediate space between the piston 2 on the side of the stroke and the inner tube 16 and the outer tube 15 of the cylinder 1, which, due to the small surface area, can move the piston 2 very fast. Pressure offset in front of piston rod 2 i.e. in the return direction is made via differential valve 3 to the tank 8.

Kadar se batnica 2 premika iz izhodiščnega položaja in naleti na znatno povečan cepilni odpor, se tlak hidravličnega medija v notranjosti notranje cevi 16 in batnice 2 poveča, hkrati pa pride do upočasnitve hoda batnice 2 (sl. 5).When the piston rod 2 moves from the starting position and encounters a significantly increased splitting resistance, the pressure of the hydraulic medium inside the inner tube 16 and the piston rod 2 increases while slowing the stroke of the piston rod 2 (Fig. 5).

Ko tlak naraste preko vnaprej določene vrednosti p2 (sl. 6), se diferencialni ventil 5 premakne v drug položaj in dopusti pretok hidravličnega medija od črpalke 7 preko prvega priključka 11 v cilinder 1, odtlej pa delovni tlak p, črpalke deluje na celotno zadnjo površino batnice 2, ki je obrnjena v smeri njenega povratnega hoda, zaradi česar potisna sila na batnici 2 znatno naraste.When the pressure rises beyond the predetermined value of p 2 (Fig. 6), the differential valve 5 moves to a different position and allows the flow of hydraulic medium from the pump 7 through the first port 11 to the cylinder 1, and from then on the working pressure p, the pump acts on the entire rear the surface of piston rod 2, which faces in the direction of its return stroke, which causes the thrust force on piston rod 2 to increase significantly.

Če se tlak še povečuje in v notranjosti cilindra 1 za batnico 2 ter v notranjosti batnice 2 in notranje cevi 16 cilindra 1 doseže naj višjo še dopustno vrednost (sl. 7), pri čemer olje doteka v cilinder 1 od črpalke 7 pod tlakom pmax skozi diferencialni ventil 5 in prvi priključek 11.If the pressure continues to increase and within the cylinder 1 for the piston rod 2 and inside the piston rod 2 and the inner tube 16 of the cylinder 1, it should reach a higher permissible value (Fig. 7), with oil entering the cylinder 1 from the pump 7 under pressure p max through the differential valve 5 and the first port 11.

V tem stanju se aktivira varnostni ventil 4 (sl. 8), nakar del hidravličnega medija preko varnostnega ventila 4 prekrmili t.j. odpre krmilni ventil 3, medtem ko diferencialni ventil 5 ostane vklopljen.In this condition, the safety valve 4 (Fig. 8) is activated, after which a part of the hydraulic medium is passed through the safety valve 4, i.e. it opens the control valve 3 while the differential valve 5 remains on.

Po premiku krmilnega ventila 3 se dotok hidravličnega medija od črpalke 7 preusmeri proti drugemu priključku 12 cilindra 1 in hidravlični medij vstopi med batnico 2 na njeni v smeri delovnega hoda obrnjeni strani ter med obe cevi 15, 16 cilindra 1. Diferencialni ventil 5 se vrne v izhodiščni položaj in izvede se povratni hod batnice 2, pri čemer se tlačna izravnava cilindra 1 na strani povratnega hoda batnice 2 vrši preko krmilnega ventila 3 in rezervoarja 8.After moving the control valve 3, the flow of hydraulic medium from the pump 7 is diverted to the second port 12 of the cylinder 1 and the hydraulic medium enters between the piston 2 on its in the direction of the working stroke, and between the two pipes 15, 16 of the cylinder 1. The differential valve 5 returns to starting position and the reciprocating stroke of piston 2 is carried out, whereby the pressure compensation of the cylinder 1 on the side of the reciprocating stroke of piston 2 is made via the control valve 3 and the reservoir 8.

Opisani koraki nazorno ilustrirajo postopek krmiljenja naprave za cepljenje drv s pomočjo naprave po izumu, pri čemer se delovni hod batnice 2 v primeru, kadar cepilni upor ne izzove povečanja tlaka v hidravličnem tokokrogu preko vnaprej določene vrednosti, izvrši z razmeroma veliko hitrostjo, nakar se izvrši povratni hod batnice 2, in sicer s hitrostjo, kije še večja od prej omenjene hitrosti delovnega hoda v normalnem režimu obratovanja, medtem ko se v primeru, ko povečanje cepilnega upora privede do povečanja tlaka v hidravličnem tokokrogu preko vnaprej določene vrednosti, se pro vnaprej določenem tlaku z aktiviranjem diferencialnega ventila 5 hitrost premikanja batnice 2 v trenutku bistveno zmanjša, obenem pa se bistveno poveča potisna sila v batnici 2. Če se pri nadaljnjem počasnem premikanju batnice z veliko potisno silo pojavijo tolikšne obremenitve, da bi lahko presegle dopustne obremenitve v mejah regularnega obratovanja, se zahvaljujoč varnostnemu ventilu 4 izvrši prekrmiljenje enote s premikom krmilnega ventila 3, kar privede do znižanja tlaka v hidravličnem sistemu in sočasno do izvedbe povratnega hoda batnice 2.The steps described clearly illustrate the process of controlling a wood splitting device by means of the device of the invention, whereby the working stroke of the piston rod 2 is executed at a relatively high speed when the splitting resistor does not cause an increase in pressure in the hydraulic circuit beyond a predetermined value. the reciprocating stroke of piston rod 2, at a speed greater than the aforementioned operating stroke rate in normal mode of operation, whereas in the case where an increase in splitting resistance results in an increase in pressure in the hydraulic circuit beyond a predetermined value, by activating differential valve 5, the speed of movement of the piston rod 2 is significantly reduced at the same time, while the pushing force in the piston rod 2 is significantly increased. If further slow motion of the piston rod with a large pushing force causes such loads to exceed the permissible loads within the regular thanks to the safety valve 4 performs control of the unit by moving the control valve 3, which results in a decrease in the pressure in the hydraulic system and simultaneously the reciprocating stroke of the piston 2.

Claims (8)

PATENTNI ZAHTEVKIPATENT APPLICATIONS 1. Pogonska in krmilna enota naprave za cepljenje drv, obsegajoča hidravlični cilinder (1) in batnico (2), na kateri je predvideno bodisi potisno sredstvo ali rezilo, ki je s pomočjo batnice (2) potisljivo proti vsakokrat cepljenemu panju, in pri čemer je hidravlični cilinder (1) preko hidravličnih priključkov (11, 12) povezljiv v ustrezen hidravličen tokokrog, v katerem je na voljo iz rezervoarja (8) s pomočjo črpalke (7) v cilinder (1) črpan hidravlični medij pod ustreznim pritiskom, obsegajoča hidravlični cilinder (1), ki sestoji iz zunanje cevi (15) večjega premera in z njo soosne notranje cevi (16) manjšega premera kot tudi iz glave oz. matice (14), ki predstavlja dodaten, v osni smeri cilindra (1) t.j. na strani delovnega hoda batnice (2) razpoložljiv prekat, in ki je opremljen s tremi hidravličnimi priključki (11, 12, 13), omenjena notranja cev (16) pa je opremljena s protipovratnim ventilom (6), ki dopušča pretok v notranjost cevi (16), ne pa tudi navzven v vmesni prostor med cevema (15, 16) cilindra (1), in votlo batnico (2), ki je razporejena v vmesnem prostoru med cevema (15, 16) cilindra (1) in obdaja omenjeno notranjo cev (16) cilindra (1) ter je sem ter tja premakljiva vzdolž omenjene notranje cevi (16) cilindra (1) in obenem tudi skozi omenjeno matico (14) cilindra (1), pri čemer je omenjena batnica (2) opremljena z odprtino (21), ki v njenem izhodiščnem položaju sovpada s protipovratnim ventilom (6) v notranji cevi (16) cilindra (1), in zasnovana s tesnilnim območjem (23) večjega premera, ki se nahaja med zunanjo cevjo (15) in notranjo cevjo (16) cilindra (1) na strani oz. v smeri njenega povratnega hoda, in vodilnim območjem (22) manjšega premera, ki na primerni distanci obdaja notranjo steno (16) cilindra (1) in je premakljivo skozi omenjeno matico (14) cilindra (1), kot tudi iz čelnega območja (24), ki v smeri delovnega hoda batnice (2) sega ven iz cilindra (1), pri čemer so hidravlični priključki (11,A drive and control unit of a firewood splitting machine comprising a hydraulic cylinder (1) and a piston rod (2), provided with either a pusher or a blade which can be pushed against the grafted hive by means of the piston rod (2), and wherein the hydraulic cylinder (1) is connected via hydraulic connections (11, 12) to a suitable hydraulic circuit in which it is pumped hydraulic medium under the pressure (7) into the cylinder (1) by means of a pump (7) comprising the hydraulic a cylinder (1) consisting of an outer tube (15) of larger diameter and with it a coaxial inner tube (16) of smaller diameter as well as a head or a nut (14), which represents an additional, in the axial direction of the cylinder (1), i.e. there is an accessible compartment on the side of the piston rod (2), which is provided with three hydraulic ports (11, 12, 13), and said inner tube (16) is provided with a non-return valve (6) allowing flow into the tube ( 16), but not outwardly into the intermediate space between the tubes (15, 16) of the cylinder (1) and the hollow piston (2) arranged in the intermediate space between the tubes (15, 16) of the cylinder (1) and surrounding said inner the tube (16) of the cylinder (1) and is movable here and there along said inner tube (16) of the cylinder (1) and at the same time through said nut (14) of the cylinder (1), wherein said piston rod (2) is provided with an opening (21), which at its initial position coincides with a non-return valve (6) in the inner tube (16) of the cylinder (1) and is designed with a larger diameter sealing area (23) located between the outer tube (15) and the inner tube. (16) cylinder (1) on the side or. in the direction of its return, and the guide area (22) of smaller diameter, which, at a suitable distance, encloses the inner wall (16) of the cylinder (1) and is movable through said nut (14) of the cylinder (1), as well as from the front area (24 ) extending out of the cylinder (1) in the direction of the piston stroke (2), the hydraulic connections (11, 12, 13) cilindra (1) tako razporejeni, da je prvi priključek (11) predviden na zunanji cevi (15) končnega območja cilindra (1) v smeri povratnega hoda batnice (2), in sicer na odmiku od tesnilnega območja (23) batnice (2), drugi priključek (12) je predviden spet na zunanji cevi (15), vendar na nasprotnem koncu cilindra (1) izven območja matice (14), tretji priključek (13) pa se nahaja v območju matice (14), neposredno v bližini prej omenjenega drugega priključka (12), in pri čemer je omenjeni cilinder (1) z batnico (2) preko omenjenih hidravličih priključkov (11, 12, 13) povezljiv v hidravlični tokokrog, ki ga tvori še rezervoar (8) za hrambo hidravličnega medija, črpalka (7) za zagotavljanje ustreznega pritiska in pretoka hidravličnega medija, razen tega pa še diferencialni ventil (5), ki je hidravlično povezan s prvim priključkom (11) in rezervoarjem (8) in premakljiv iz enega v drug položaj pri vnaprej določeni vrednosti tlaka (p2), krmilni ventil (3), ki je prestavljiv bodisi z ročico (31) ali podobnim ročno upravljivim mehanskim sredstvom ali tudi s pomočjo tlaka hidravličnega medija iz priključka (13), in je pri tem hidravlično povezljiv bodisi z notranjostjo notranje cevi (16) cilindra (1) in/ali s črpalko (7) in preko slednje z rezervoarjem (8) in/ali neposredno z rezervoarjem (8) in/ali posredno preko varnostnega ventila (4) in dušilke (9) z rezervoarjem (8) in/ali z rezervoarjem (8) in drugim priključkom (12), obenem pa omenjeni hidravlični tokokrog obsega tudi varnostni ventil (4), ki je vezan vzporedno med hidravličnim vodom, s katerim je preko črpalke (7) krmilni ventil (3) povezan z rezervoarjem (8), in hidravličnim vodom, s katerim je priključek (13) na matici (14) cilindra (1) preko dušilke (9) povezan z rezervoarjem (8).12, 13) of the cylinder (1) so arranged that the first connection (11) is provided on the outer tube (15) of the end zone of the cylinder (1) in the direction of return of the piston rod (2) at a distance from the sealing zone (23) pistons (2), the second connection (12) is again provided on the outer tube (15), but at the opposite end of the cylinder (1) outside the area of the nut (14) and the third connection (13) is located in the area of the nut (14), directly adjacent to the aforementioned second port (12), and wherein said cylinder (1) is connected to the hydraulic circuit formed by the reservoir (8) via said hydraulic ports (11, 12, 13) via said hydraulic ports (11, 12, 13). storage of hydraulic medium, pump (7) to provide adequate pressure and flow of hydraulic medium, in addition a differential valve (5) which is hydraulically connected to the first connection (11) and the reservoir (8) and is movable from one position to another at a predetermined pressure value (p 2 ), a control valve (3) that is adjustable either by means of a lever (31) or similar manually operated mechanical means, or also by the pressure of the hydraulic medium from the connection (13), being hydraulically connected to either the inside of the inner tube (16) of the cylinder (1) and / or the pump ( 7) and through the latter with the tank (8) and / or directly with the tank (8) and / or indirectly via the safety valve (4) and the throttle (9) with the tank (8) and / or with the tank (8) and other connection (12), and at the same time said hydraulic circuit also comprises a safety valve (4) which is connected in parallel between the hydraulic line through which the control valve (3) is connected to the reservoir (8) via the pump (7) and the hydraulic line, s to which the connection (13) on the nut (14) of the cylinder (1) is connected to the reservoir (8) via a throttle (9). 2. Enota po zahtevku 1, označena s tem, da je cilinder (1) z batnico (2) vključen v hidravlični tokokrog, ki je tako zasnovan, da se v razbremenjenem stanju cilindra (1) pred pričetkom delovnega hoda batnice (2), ko se ta nahaja v izhodiščnem položaju, omogočeno dotekanje hidravličnega medija preko črpalke (7) skozi krmilni ventil (3) v cilinder (1) in tam po notranjosti notranje cevi (16) do priključka (12), kjer odteka spet skozi krmilni ventil (3) nazaj v rezervoar (8), pri čemer povsod, t.j. v notranjosti notranje cevi (16), v izvotljenem območju batnice (2) in v vmesnem prostoru med batnico (2) in zunanjo cevjo (15) cilindra (1) vlada minimalni tlak (p0).A unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder (1) with the piston rod (2) is included in a hydraulic circuit designed to be unloaded in the cylinder (1) before the piston rod (2) starts working, when it is in the starting position, it is possible to flow the hydraulic medium through the pump (7) through the control valve (3) into the cylinder (1) and there through the inner tube (16) to the connection (12), where it flows again through the control valve (3). 3) back to the reservoir (8), with minimal, everywhere, ie inside the inner tube (16), in the recessed area of the piston rod (2) and in the intermediate space between the piston rod (2) and the outer tube (15) of the cylinder (1) pressure (p 0 ). 3. Enota po zahtevku 1, označena s tem, da je cilinder (1) z batnico (2) vključen v hidravlični tokokrog, ki je tako zasnovan, da je krmilni ventil (3) s premikom ročice (31) prestavljiv v drug položaj, tako daje odtlej hidravličnemu mediju omogočen vstop v notranjost notranje cevi (16) cilindra (1), nakar je batnica (2) z veliko hitrostjo premakljiva v smeri izvajanja delovnega hoda, pri čemer je tlačna izravnava v območju za batnico (2) izvedljiva preko diferencialnega ventila (5) in rezervoarja (8), tako da je pri izključenem varnostnem ventilu (4) omogočeno obratovanje črpalke (7) z delovnim tlakom (p,) ki potem vlada v notranjosti notranje cevi (16) in batnice (2), medtem ko povsod drugod še naprej vlada minimalni tlak (p0).Unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder (1) with piston rod (2) is included in a hydraulic circuit designed so that the control valve (3) can be moved to another position by moving the lever (31), thus allowing the hydraulic medium to enter the inside of the inner tube (16) of the cylinder (1), after which the piston rod (2) can be moved in the direction of the working stroke at high speed, and the pressure compensation in the area behind the piston rod (2) is possible via differential valve (5) and reservoir (8), so that when the safety valve (4) is switched off, the pump (7) is operated with a working pressure (p,) which then rules inside the inner tube (16) and piston rod (2), while when the minimum pressure (p 0 ) continues to prevail everywhere else. 4. Enota po zahtevku 1, označena s tem, da je cilinder (1) z batnico (2) vključen v hidravlični tokokrog, ki je tako zasnovan, da je potem, ko batnica (2) naleti na cepilni odpor zaradi cepljenja panja, v primeru, če ta odpor ni prevelik in ne izzove zadostnega povišanja tlaka nad vnaprej določeno vrednost (p2), batnici (2) omogočeno nadaljuje premikanje z nespremenjeno hitrostjo in dospetje v končni položaj delovnega hoda, ko je hidravličnemu mediju skozi odprtino (21) batnice (2) omogočen vstopi v notranjost matice (14) in izstop skozi tretji priključek (13) v hidravlični vod, v katerem pa je zaradi prisotnosti dušilke (9) preusmerjen proti krmilnemu ventilu (3), ki se pri tem premakne oz. se ga s tem prekrmili, s čimer je hidravličnemu mediju omogočeno vstopanje skozi drugi priključek (12) cilindra (1) pod delovnim tlakom (p,) v vmesni prostor med batnico (2) na strani delovnega hoda ter notranjo cevjo (16) in zunanjo cevjo (15) cilindra (1), pri čemer je zahvaljujoč majhni površini hitrost premikanja batnice (2) razmeroma velika.A unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder (1) with the piston rod (2) is included in a hydraulic circuit designed so that, after the piston rod (2) encounters a splitting resistance due to the splitting of the hive, in the event that this resistance is not too high and does not cause sufficient pressure rise above a predetermined value (p 2 ), the piston rod (2) is allowed to continue moving at a constant speed and reach the end position of the stroke when the hydraulic medium is passed through the bore (21) of the piston rod (2) is allowed to enter the nut (14) and exit through the third connection (13) into the hydraulic conduit, in which, due to the presence of the throttle (9), it is diverted to the control valve (3), which in this case moves or moves. this allows it to be inverted, thereby allowing the hydraulic medium to enter through the second connection (12) of the cylinder (1) under working pressure (p,) into the intermediate space between the piston rod (2) on the side of the stroke and the inner tube (16) and the outer the tube (15) of the cylinder (1), the displacement of the piston rod (2) being relatively high due to the small surface area. 5. Enota po zahtevku 1, označena s tem, da je cilinder (1) z batnico (2) vključen v hidravlični tokokrog, ki je tako zasnovan, da se, kadar se batnica (2) v med delovnim hodom premika iz izhodiščnega položaja in naleti na znatno povečan cepilni odpor, tlak hidravličnega medija v notranjosti notranje cevi (16) in batnice (2) poveča, kar obenem privede do upočasnitve hoda batnice (2), s povečanjem tlaka preko vnaprej določene vrednosti (p2) pa je diferencialni ventil (5) premakljiv v drug položaj, kar omogoči pretok hidravličnega medija od črpalke (7) preko prvega priključka (11) v cilinder (1) s čimer je delovnemu tlaku (p,) črpalke (7) izpostavljena celotna zadnja površina batnice (2), ki je obrnjena v smeri njenega povratnega hoda, kar ima za posledico občutno povečanje potisne sile na batnici (2).Unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder (1) is connected with a piston (2) to a hydraulic circuit designed so that, when the piston rod (2) is moved from the starting position during the stroke, significantly increases the splitting resistance, and the pressure of the hydraulic medium inside the inner tube (16) and the piston rod (2) increases, which at the same time results in a slowing of the stroke of the piston rod (2), and by increasing the pressure over a predetermined value (p 2 ), the differential valve (5) moveable to another position, allowing the hydraulic medium to flow from the pump (7) through the first port (11) to the cylinder (1), thereby exposing the working rear pressure (p) of the pump (7) to the entire rear surface of the piston rod (2) , which is facing in the direction of its return, resulting in a significant increase in the thrust force on the piston rod (2). 6. Enota po zahtevku 1, označena s tem, da je cilinder (1) z batnico (2) vključen v hidravlični tokokrog, ki je tako zasnovan, da je ob povečanju tlaka v notranjosti cilindra (1) za batnico (2) ter v notranjosti batnice (2) in notranje cevi (16) cilindra (1) preko naj višje še dopustne vrednosti (pmax), vzpostavljen dotok hidravličnega medija od črpalke (7) pod tlakom (pmax) v cilinder (1) skozi diferencialni ventil (5) in prvi priključek (11), tako da se aktivira varnostni ventil (4), s tem pa se zahvaljujoč delu hidravličnega medija preko varnostnega ventila (4) premakne in odpre krmilni ventil (3), medtem ko diferencialni ventil (5) ostane vklopljen.A unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder (1) with a piston rod (2) is included in a hydraulic circuit designed so as to increase the pressure inside the cylinder (1) behind the piston rod (2) and in inside the piston rod (2) and the inner tube (16) of the cylinder (1) via the highest still permissible value (p max ), the flow of hydraulic medium from the pump (7) under pressure (p max ) into the cylinder (1) through the differential valve (1) is established. 5) and the first connection (11) by activating the safety valve (4), thereby moving and opening the control valve (3) through the safety valve (4), while the differential valve (5) remains on. 7. Enota po zahtevku 1, označena s tem, da je cilinder (1) z batnico (2) vključen v hidravlični tokokrog, ki je tako zasnovan, da je po premiku krmilnega ventila (3) zaradi doseženja najvišjega dopustnega tlaka (pmax) dotok hidravličnega medija od črpalke (7) preusmerjen proti drugemu priključku (12) cilindra (1), s čimer je omogočen vstop hidravličnega medija med batnico (2) na njeni v smeri delovnega hoda obrnjeni strani ter med obe cevi (15, 16) cilindra (1), čemur sledi vrnitev diferencialnega ventila (5) v izhodiščni položaj in premik batnice (2) v smeri povratnega hoda, tlačna izravnava cilindra (1) na strani povratnega hoda batnice (2) pa je izvedljiva preko krmilnega ventila (3) in rezervoarja (8).Unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder (1) with piston rod (2) is included in a hydraulic circuit designed so that after the control valve (3) is moved to achieve the maximum allowable pressure (p max ) the flow of hydraulic medium from the pump (7) is directed towards the second connector (12) of the cylinder (1), thus allowing the hydraulic medium to enter between the piston rod (2) on its in the direction of working stroke and between the two pipes (15, 16). (1), followed by the return of the differential valve (5) to the starting position and the reciprocating movement of the piston rod (2), and the pressure compensation of the cylinder (1) on the reciprocating side of the piston rod (2) is feasible via the control valve (3) and of the tank (8). 8. Postopek krmiljenja naprave za cepljenje drv s pomočjo hidravličnih sredstev, pri čemer se delovni hod batnice (2) v primeru, kadar med izvajanjem delovnega hoda batnice (2) cepilni upor omogoča vzdrževanje tlaka v hidravličnem tokokrogu pod vnaprej določeno vrednostjo (p2), izvrši z razmeroma veliko hitrostjo, nakar se izvrši povratni hod batnice (2,) in sicer s hitrostjo, ki je večja od prej omenjene hitrosti delovnega hoda v normalnem režimu obratovanja, medtem ko se v primeru, ko povečanje cepilnega upora privede do povečanja tlaka v hidravličnem tokokrogu preko vnaprej določene vrednosti (p2), hitrost premikanja batnice (2) občutno zmanjša, obenem pa se občutno poveča potisna sila v batnici (2), medtem ko se v kritični situaciji neposredno pred prekoračenjem meje regularnega obratovanja naprave t.j. dopustnega tlaka (pmax) s prekrmiljenjem izvrši razbremenitev hidravličnega tokokroga in sočasno vzpostavi povratni hod batnice (2).8. A method of controlling a wood splitting device by means of hydraulic means, wherein the working stroke of the piston rod (2) is provided when, during the operation of the piston rod operation (2), the splitting resistor allows the pressure in the hydraulic circuit to be maintained below a predetermined value (p 2 ) , is performed at a relatively high speed, after which the piston stroke (2,) is reversed at a speed greater than the aforementioned operating stroke in the normal mode of operation, whereas when the increase of the splitting resistance results in an increase in pressure in the hydraulic circuit beyond a predetermined value (p 2 ), the speed of movement of the piston rod (2) is significantly reduced, while the thrust force in the piston rod (2) is significantly increased, while in a critical situation immediately before the limit of regular operation of the device, ie the permissible pressure, is exceeded. (p max ) relieve the hydraulic circuit by overloading and simultaneously reconnect the piston rod (2).
SI200500164A 2005-06-01 2005-06-01 Driving and controlling unit of device for splitting firewood and controlling procedure for this kind of device SI22050B (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200500164A SI22050B (en) 2005-06-01 2005-06-01 Driving and controlling unit of device for splitting firewood and controlling procedure for this kind of device
AT06733572T ATE417206T1 (en) 2005-06-01 2006-04-18 CONTROL AND CONTROL UNIT OF A FIREWOOD SPLITTING MACHINE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING SUCH A MACHINE
DK06733572T DK1886027T3 (en) 2005-06-01 2006-04-18 Drive and control unit for a log splitting machine and method for operating such a machine
PCT/SI2006/000015 WO2006130120A1 (en) 2005-06-01 2006-04-18 Driving and control unit of a firewood splitting machine and method of controlling such machine
DE602006004207T DE602006004207D1 (en) 2005-06-01 2006-04-18 CONTROL AND CONTROL UNIT OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING SUCH A MECHANICAL MACHINE
EP06733572A EP1886027B1 (en) 2005-06-01 2006-04-18 Driving and control unit of a firewood splitting machine and method of controlling such machine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200500164A SI22050B (en) 2005-06-01 2005-06-01 Driving and controlling unit of device for splitting firewood and controlling procedure for this kind of device

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SI22050A true SI22050A (en) 2006-12-31
SI22050B SI22050B (en) 2009-04-30

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SI200500164A SI22050B (en) 2005-06-01 2005-06-01 Driving and controlling unit of device for splitting firewood and controlling procedure for this kind of device

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AT (1) ATE417206T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602006004207D1 (en)
DK (1) DK1886027T3 (en)
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CN102678654A (en) * 2012-06-02 2012-09-19 山西高行液压股份有限公司 Variable-speed oil cylinder system
SI25411B (en) 2017-04-18 2020-11-30 Tajfun Planina Proizvodnja Strojev, D.O.O. Platform for attaching an autonomous drive motor to a wood splitter and a wood splitter device equipped with such a platform

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FR1439211A (en) * 1965-04-08 1966-05-20 New hydraulic cylinder for closing mechanism of injection molding machines for plastics and the like
FR2739149B1 (en) * 1995-09-25 1998-01-02 Dk Le Guen Et Hemidy QUADRUPLE EFFECT HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
DE19747298A1 (en) * 1997-10-25 1999-04-29 Nimak Automatisierte Schweiste Welding gun cylinder
IT1319478B1 (en) * 2000-12-05 2003-10-10 Bell Srl HYDRAULIC GROUP WITH AUTOMATIC REGENERATIVE SYSTEM TYPICALLY FOR WOOD SPLITTERS OPERATED BY A SINGLE-ACTING JACK

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SI22050B (en) 2009-04-30
ATE417206T1 (en) 2008-12-15
EP1886027B1 (en) 2008-12-10
WO2006130120A1 (en) 2006-12-07
DK1886027T3 (en) 2009-04-06
DE602006004207D1 (en) 2009-01-22

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OU02 Decision according to article 73(2) ipa 1992, publication of decision on partial fulfilment of the invention and change of patent claims

Effective date: 20090205