SI20001A - Production process of f1 hybrid seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The production process of F1 hybrid seeds comprises: choice of plants with a long pistil neck from a plant group exhibiting a heteromorphous self-incompatibility; isolation of the chosen plants with the long pistil neck; artificial insemination or natural hybridization with the aim to attain the hybridization determined in advance and the multiplication of the line consisting only of the plants with the long pistil neck; further artificial or natural hybridization of the line under the condition that this line remains isolated from the other lines; multiplication of the seeds to create a parent seed line, consisting only of the plant seeds with the long pistil neck; planting the parent seed line (line A) of the plants with the long pistil neck; planting another line (line B) of the plants with the short pistil neck or both kinds of plants - the ones with the short pistil neck and the ones with the long pistil neck in the vicinity of the line A; and collecting the seeds of the line A obtained after insemination with the pollen of the line B. In this way, F1 hybrid seeds have been produced during the hybridization process between the lines A and B.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a process for the production of Fi'hybrid plant seeds showing heteromorphic self-incompatibility.

SHOWING A TECHNICAL PROBLEM

It has long been known that F j hybridization, which is generally used for alien plants, is quite effective in seed propagation. F! hybridization has proven particularly useful in the acquisition of specific allogamic species such as maize seed and rapeseed. Therefore, there was a need for a practically useful technique that would allow F! of hybrid seeds. So far, cytoplasmic male sterility has been used for this purpose. The problem with cytoplasmic male sterility is that it is difficult to find cytoplasms that trigger male sterility in many plant species. In order to solve this problem, a procedure for the production of Fj hybrid seeds was proposed, in which self-sterility or the use of fj seeds was used. inability to fertilize with their own male gametes. This process is practically used in the seed reproduction process, especially in the production of many different, improved varieties of vegetables of the genus Brassica (eg cabbage), which show homomorphic self-incompatibility.

The process of obtaining F _t hybrid seeds is also applicable to plants showing heteromorphic self-incompatibility. However, we still do not know of a practically useful process for the industrial production of large quantities of F [hybrid seeds. One of the reasons for this situation is that we still do not know an industrially useful process that would allow the production of a line of plants with a long pestle only or a line of plants with a short pestle only.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

According to research in the field of fertilization physiology, it is known that a small amount of hybrid seeds can be obtained during an experiment in which the propagation process takes place between plants with a long pelvic neck with manual intervention. However, such a process is not suitable for growing a plant line with only a long pestle neck that could be used for industrial seed production. At present, the pollination process that takes place between different lines by manual intervention is used as a practical process for obtaining F] hybrid seeds. In this case, it is the alternate separation of plants with a long or short pestle neck from a group of plants that represent one line and pollination of plants with pollen from the other line by means of vectors.

The above procedures are not industrially applicable because of the large number of workers required to produce large quantities of F! Hybrid seeds cause too much cost.

DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW SOLUTION

The subject of the invention is an improved process for the production of Fi hybrid seeds for plants exhibiting heteromorphic self-incompatibility by solving problems that are characteristic of the prior art described in the prior art.

The present invention provides a process for obtaining F! hybrid seeds for plants showing heteromorphic self-incompatibility. This process involves the following steps: selecting plants with a long pestle neck from a group of plants showing heteromorphic self-incompatibility; isolating selected plants with long pestle neck; artificial or natural hybridization to obtain a line of plants with a long pestle neck; artificial or natural continuation of hybridization within said line, the line being isolated from other lines; propagation of seeds to form the seed parent line of plants with a long pestle neck; sowing seed parental line (line A) of plants with long pestle neck; sowing of the second line (line B) of short-necked or short and long-necked (mixed) plants, near line A; Harvesting of line A seeds from pollen of line B. The hybridization between line A and line B produces Fj hybrid seeds.

Various buckwheat cultures exhibiting heteromorphic self-incompatibility have been contemplated in the present invention. These are the following buckwheat cultures: Kitawasesoba, Kitayuki, Botansoba, Shinanonatsusoba, Shatilovskaya 5, Ballada, Sumchanka.

The foregoing contents and features of the present invention will be discussed in detail and in tables below.

The procedures and embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail below.

From the group of plants showing heteromorphic self-incompatibility, we first select plants with a long pestle neck. They are then exposed to isolated conditions. This is followed by artificial pollination or natural hybridization. This process allows the cultivation of a line of plants with a long pestle neck. On the isolated line, hybridization is further artificially or naturally leading to the formation of the seed parent line of plants with a long pestle neck.

According to the present invention, the seed parental line (line A) of plants with a long pestle neck is planted. In the vicinity of line A, plant a second line (line B) of short-hinged or mixed plants, both short-haired and long-hinged. After fertilization of line A with line B, hybrid seeds are finally generated by Fi hybridization.

The experiments that led to the present invention

From the Kitawasesoba group of plants (buckwheat culture characterized by heteromorphic self-incompatibility), we first removed plants with a short pestle neck. The remaining plants with a long pestle neck were then covered with a safety net. Thus, we have met the condition of complete isolation from the environment. Later we dropped pollen carriers under the net. One hybridization session has occurred and seeds have emerged. The quantity of seeds obtained was 1/4 of the number that can otherwise be obtained under natural conditions. The resulting seeds were then picked up and planted. We have found that these are the seeds of a generation of plants with a long pestle neck. The plants were then planted under natural conditions in a field away from other buckwheat lines. We found that the expected hybridization had occurred and that the seeds that formed the seed parental line of long-necked plants were formed. Based on the above process, it can be concluded that a line consisting only of plants with a long hinged neck can be grown on a large scale suitable for industrial purposes.

Based on similar experiments with other (six) buckwheat varieties that have been produced at home (in Japan) and abroad, we have found that it is possible to produce seeds by hybridizing between plants with a long pestle neck. This produces the seed parental lines of plants with a long pestle neck.

In the following experiment, we planted a Kitawasesoba group of plants with a long pestle neck at different distances from the Kitawasesoba group of plants with both a short and a long pestle neck. We found that with the distance between specimens of the first (long pest neck) and second (short pest neck or short and long neck) groups, the rate of seed formation decreased. The further away the first group is from the second group, the lower the rate of seed formation. We proved that the seeds were formed on all specimens tested.

Based on an investigation into the length of the next generation pestle neck, we have found that short and long pestle neck plants are formed in a 1: 1 ratio. Based on this observation, it can be concluded that pollination with short pestle neck flowers is possible and that almost all groups, each consisting of only long pestle neck plants, may be fertilized with pollen from short pestle plants.

It is apparent from the foregoing description that the use of the present invention enables the production of large quantities of F, hybrid seeds on an industrial scale. This is achieved by growing the line (line A) of the long pestle neck plants and the line (line B) of the short pestle neck plants near line A.

Heteromorphic self-incompatibility

Self-incompatibility is a phenomenon in which self-fertilization does not occur despite the fact that the plant has both male and female sexual organs, among which self-pollination occurs. Heteromorphic self-incompatibility is the phenomenon of pollination occurring only in flowers whose stamens and petioles are the same height, ie. between plants with long pestle neck (plants that have long necks and short stamens) and plants with short pestle neck (plants that have short necks and long stamens).

In fact, plants with long pestle neck are homozygotes with recessive gene "s", while plants with short pestle neck are heterozygous with recessive gene "s" and dominant gene "S". During the hybridization process, a 1: 1 ratio of ss and Ss will occur between plants with long pestle neck and plants with short pestle neck. There is also usually a 1: 1 ratio of long pestle neck plants to short pestle neck plants. However, if the hybridization process is performed between groups consisting only of plants with long pestle necks, then all future and future generations will be plants with long pestle necks.

Fj hybrid

The propagation process between two different self-fertilizing lines (or related lines) may result in the formation of hybrid seeds. Hybrid seeds thus obtained can produce hybrid plants called F! hybrids. Recently, some selected F species were raised during cross fertilization! hybrids such as corn or some other type of vegetable.

Experiments

As described below, three experiments were performed. Flowering plants were used. The tested plant, the varieties used during the experiments and the pollen bearer are listed below. Plant: buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

Varieties: Kitawasesoba, Kitayuki, Botansoba, Shinanonatsusoba, Shatilovskaya 5, Ballada, Sumchanka, Hokkai No. 3 Pollen Bearer: Barbed Fly

Experiment 1

The process of plants with Kitawasesoba long pestle neck (buckwheat variety) was covered immediately after their flowering with a net that prevented insects from accessing the plants. Then the flowering plants were removed and 100 barbed flies were dropped under the net. 90 days later, the ripe plants were harvested and the number of inflorescences and the number of seeds counted. The seeds were sown in a greenhouse or in a field and the size of the hinged neck of the grown plants was observed. Natural pollination was also carried out in parallel.

After complete maturation, we randomly selected 20 plants and counted the number of inflorescences and the number of seeds produced.

The result

During the described experiment, it was possible to obtain the desired seeds by means of an effective fertilization process between a group of buckwheat specimens consisting only of plants with a long pestle neck, as can be seen from Table 1. We found that seeds were formed on almost all buckwheat specimens, the resulting seeds varied greatly from individual to individual.

We further found that planting the above seeds in a greenhouse and in a field sufficiently separate from other buckwheat fields yielded the desired seeds by hybridization (crossing) between plants with a long pestle neck (the plants examined were all plants with a long pestle neck). as shown in Table 2. Plants grown from seeds obtained under Grid 1 and Grid 2 gave the desired hybrid seeds under natural conditions, as shown in Table 2. Although the number of seeds produced on each inflorescence is equal to half the number of seeds ( Table 2), which arises under the conditions when long-lived plants and short-necked plants are grown in mixed mode, it can be concluded that sufficient seed growth and line maintenance have been achieved. A practically useful process for the production and maintenance of a line consisting only of plants with a long hinged neck can be introduced in the described manner.

In the present experiment, the seeds obtained serve as the seed parent line of plants with a long pestle neck.

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Experiment 2

Process

Using the same method as that used in Experiment 1, the fertilization process was performed within each of the six groups of different buckwheat varieties (Kitayuki, Botansoba, Shinanonatsusoba, Shatilovskaya 5, Ballada, Sumchanka). Six safety nets were used. The buckwheat varieties used were produced at home and abroad. These are plants with long pinnate necks. After the ripening process was completed, we randomly selected 20 plants from each group and counted the number of flowers and the number of seeds produced.

Results

Similar to Experiment 1, the number of seeds produced in the experiment under consideration varies from individual to individual. All plants of the six varieties were able to produce seeds (Table 3). Based on the results collected in Table 3, it can be concluded that it is possible to produce plant lines consisting only of plants with long pestle neck, regardless of genotype.

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Experiment 3

Process

We planted a group of Kitawasesoba long pestle plants at a distance of 0 - 12 m from the pollen origin of plants of ordinary Kitawasesoba with long and short pestle. Plants of another buckwheat variety (Hokkai No. 3) were planted among the group of previously mentioned plants. The fertilization process was carried out under natural conditions. After the ripening process was completed, we randomly selected 20 plant specimens and counted the number of inflorescences and the number of seeds produced. 100 randomly selected seeds were planted and grown in a greenhouse and the length of the pestle neck was studied.

Results

It is well known that hybrid seeds do not arise from hybridization between Kitawasesoba plants and Hokkai No. 1. 3 plants because the first variety is diploid and the second is tetraploid. Thus, the seeds on the plants studied were formed either by pollination with pollen originating from ordinary Kitawasesoba plants, or by hybridization between plants with a long pestle neck within one test area. Table 4 shows that the likelihood of pollination decreases as the distance between the test area and the pollen source increases. A longer distance between the test area and the pollen source will lead to less efficient seed formation in the test area.

It was further found that the following generations of plants with long and short pistil necks were in a 1: 1 ratio. This actually means that almost all the seeds obtained in the experiment under consideration came from the pollen of short-necked plants.

Based on this experiment, it can be concluded that, in the case of pollination of long-pested plants with short-pestle-pollen plants, fertilization with pollen-plants of short-pestle-necked plants takes place before fertilization with long-pestle-pollen plants. Namely, if a line B consisting of short-necked plants is planted near line A consisting solely of long-hinged plants, then almost all plants in line A (or 100% of line A plants) will be planted. ) fertilized with pollen of line B, producing largely Fj hybrid seeds.

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Based on the above description, it can be concluded that the process described is useful for the production of F! hybrid seeds on an industrial scale. This allows the development of new plant species produced with high productivity and uniform quality.

While the parts of the invention have been presented and shown in greater detail above, there are, of course, numerous variations and variations of the solutions without significant deviations from the present invention.

For the General Manager of Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment

Claims (3)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. A process for obtaining Fi hybrid plant seeds showing heteromorphic self-incompatibility, said method comprising: selecting plants with a long pestle neck from a group of plants showing heteromorphic self-incompatibility; isolating selected plants with long pestle neck; artificial pollination or natural hybridization to achieve a predetermined hybridization so that a line consisting of plants with a long pestle neck is reached; artificial or natural further hybridization within the above line, this line being isolated from the other lines; propagation of seeds so as to form a seed parental line consisting solely of plants with a long pestle neck; sowing or. planting a seed parental line (line A) consisting solely of the seeds of plants with a long pestle neck; in the vicinity of line A, the planting of a second line (line B) consisting solely of short-hinged plants or consisting of both types of plants, both short-hinged and long-hinged; picking the seeds of line A fertilized with pollen of line B, resulting in hybridization between line A and line B Fj. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plants characterized by heteromorphic self-incompatibility include some buckwheat varieties. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that they comprise some buckwheat varieties of Kitawasesoba, Kitayuki, Botansoba, Shinanonatsusoba, Shatilovskaya 5, Ballada, Sumchanka.