SE465464B - PROCEDURE FOR MODIFYING THE PROPERTIES OF COBLE PIGMENT OF OVEN TYPE AND COBLE PIGMENT MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR MODIFYING THE PROPERTIES OF COBLE PIGMENT OF OVEN TYPE AND COBLE PIGMENT MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDUREInfo
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- SE465464B SE465464B SE8700311A SE8700311A SE465464B SE 465464 B SE465464 B SE 465464B SE 8700311 A SE8700311 A SE 8700311A SE 8700311 A SE8700311 A SE 8700311A SE 465464 B SE465464 B SE 465464B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/56—Treatment of carbon black ; Purification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
465 464 2 stiga l00°C (373°K). Denna förångning leder till 'blåshål' på extrudatets yta. som utgör en potentiell källa till dielekt- risk svaghet. För det andra kan den i substansen absorberade fukten i själv initiera dielektrisk nedbrytning genom en pro- cess som inom tekniken benämnes 'treeing'. (Den beskrivande termen 'treeing' härrör från formen på de dielektriska ned- brytningsbanorna som iakttagits vid mikroskopisk undersökning.) Isynnerhet när vissa konduktiva kolsvartpigment inarbetas i polymera material har ökningen i CMA visat sig i första hand kunnat tillskrivas kolsvartpigmentets mikroporositet. Enligt föreliggande uppfinning har nu ett förfarande framtagits, var- igenom mikroporositeten hos ett kolsvartpigment selektivt kan modifieras. Kolsvartpigmentet behandlas med ett organiskt adsorbat, som adsorberas av kolsvartpigmentet och effektivt blockerar mikroporer inom ett specifikt storleksintervall men ej menligt påverkar andra substansegenskaper. 465 464 2 degrees 100 ° C (373 ° K). This evaporation leads to 'blow holes' on the surface of the extrudate. which is a potential source of dielectric weakness. Second, the moisture absorbed into the substance in itself can initiate dielectric degradation through a process known in the art as 'treeing'. (The descriptive term 'treeing' derives from the shape of the dielectric degradation paths observed during microscopic examination.) Particularly when certain conductive carbon black pigments are incorporated into polymeric materials, the increase in CMA has been shown to be primarily attributable to the microporosity of the carbon black pigment. According to the present invention, a method has now been developed by which the microporosity of a carbon black pigment can be selectively modified. The carbon black pigment is treated with an organic adsorbate, which is adsorbed by the carbon black pigment and effectively blocks micropores within a specific size range but does not adversely affect other substance properties.
Det har kunnat fastställas att genom behandling av ett kol- svartpigment med ett adsorbat uppvisande vissa molekyldimen- sioner kan porer inom ett visst diameterintervall fyllas och därmed effektivt blockera menlig fuktabsorption. Det har visat sig att molekylerna av visst adsorbat blir fast bundna till kolsvartpigmentet och ej frigöres under normal hantering, lag- ring eller användningsbetingelser. Teoretiskt kan detta för- klaras med att de överlappande spänningsfälten som är när- varande i sâdana små porer binder adsorbatmolekylerna med relativt höga energier och gör det svårt att få bort molekylen från mikroporen.It has been established that by treating a carbon black pigment with an adsorbate having certain molecular dimensions, pores can be filled within a certain diameter range and thereby effectively block harmful moisture absorption. It has been found that the molecules of certain adsorbate become firmly bound to the carbon black pigment and are not released under normal handling, storage or conditions of use. Theoretically, this can be explained by the fact that the overlapping voltage fields present in such small pores bind the adsorbate molecules with relatively high energies and make it difficult to remove the molecule from the micropore.
Behandlingen enligt uppfinningen kan effektivt tillämpas på vilken som helst kvalitet av kolsvart som har en ytmikrostruk- tur som präglas av en signifikant andel av mikroporer inom storleksintervallet som kan penetreras av vattenmolekyler.The treatment according to the invention can be effectively applied to any quality of carbon black which has a surface microstructure which is characterized by a significant proportion of micropores within the size range which can be penetrated by water molecules.
Kolsvartpigmentet kan föreligga i pelletterad eller fluffig form. Behandlingen har sålunda visat sig ge gynnsamma resultat vid modifiering av ugnskimrök med hög ytarea (en kväveytarea [NZSA] större än ca 140 m2/g), eftersom dessa kolsvartpig- 3 465 464 ment tycks uppvisa en ytmikrostruktur med en signifikant andel mikroporer inom det specificerade storleksintervallet.The carbon black pigment can be in pelletized or fluffy form. The treatment has thus been found to give favorable results in modifying high surface area furnace smoke (a nitrogen surface area [NZSA] greater than about 140 m2 / g), since these carbon black pigments appear to have a surface microstructure with a significant proportion of micropores within the specified the size range.
Effektiva resultat har åstadkommits vid behandling av före- dragen ugnskimrök med ett NZSA liggande mellan ca 200 m2/g och ca 260 m2/g.Effective results have been achieved in the treatment of preferred furnace smoke with an NZSA ranging between about 200 m2 / g and about 260 m2 / g.
Adsorbatet enligt uppfinningen kan vara vilken som helst organisk molekyl inkluderande en linjär kedja med minst 4 kol- atomer, såsom alkaner och substituerade alkaner (aminer, halogenider, alkoholer och liknande) och blandningar därav.The adsorbate of the invention may be any organic molecule including a linear chain having at least 4 carbon atoms, such as alkanes and substituted alkanes (amines, halides, alcohols and the like) and mixtures thereof.
Typiska material inkluderar n-oktan, n-aminooktan, n-hexanol. n-bromooktan. n-klorooktan. 4-metylheptan, 2.5-dimetylheptan, 2.3.4-trimetylpentan, 2.2.4-trimetylpentan, hexametyletan, n-nonan, n-dekan, n-dodekan, n-hexadekan, 1,3-dikloropropan och liknande. På grund av sin verkningsgrad och sitt beteende vid behandlingen under värmebehandlingen föredras adsorbat som uppvisar en linjär kedja med minst 10 kolatomer. Särskilt föredragna är n-alkaner C10-C16, som uppvisar termisk stabilitet till över ca 250°C (523°K).Typical materials include n-octane, n-aminooctane, n-hexanol. n-bromooctane. n-chlorooctane. 4-methylheptane, 2,5-dimethylheptane, 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, hexamethylethane, n-nonane, n-decane, n-dodecane, n-hexadecane, 1,3-dichloropropane and the like. Due to their efficiency and behavior during the heat treatment, adsorbate having a linear chain with at least 10 carbon atoms is preferred. Particularly preferred are n-alkanes C10-C16, which exhibit thermal stability above about 250 ° C (523 ° K).
Det sätt, varpå adsorbatet tillföres kolsvart är ej kritiskt.The manner in which the adsorbate is added to carbon black is not critical.
Vanligen består behandlingen enbart i att man blandar den valda mängden adsorbat med kolsvart i ett lämpligt kärl och därefter rör om kolsvartsubstansen för att säkerställa adsorbatimpregnering av kolsvartytan. överskott eller oadsor- berat adsorbat kan avlägsnas genom att torka den behandlade kolsvartsubstansen vid måttliga temperaturer. vanligen från ca 100 till 200°C (373-473°K). Behandlingen av kolsvartsubstansen kan också lämpligen införlivas med olika processteg under framställningen eller användningen av kolsvartsubstansen. Ett lämpligt adsorbat kan t.ex. sprutas in i processflödet i en kolsvartreaktor före uppsamlingen av kolsvartsubstansen eller kan adsorbatet införas under ett kompounderingssteg när en kolsvartsubstans blandas med en polymer.Usually the treatment consists only of mixing the selected amount of adsorbate with carbon black in a suitable vessel and then stirring the carbon black substance to ensure adsorbate impregnation of the carbon black surface. Excess or unadsorbed adsorbate can be removed by drying the treated carbon black substance at moderate temperatures. usually from about 100 to 200 ° C (373-473 ° K). The treatment of the carbon black substance can also suitably be incorporated with different process steps during the production or use of the carbon black substance. A suitable adsorbate can e.g. is injected into the process stream in a carbon black reactor before collecting the carbon black substance or the adsorbate can be introduced during a compounding step when a carbon black substance is mixed with a polymer.
Den optimala mängden adsorbat som användes beror av det kol- svart som behandlas, dess ytarea och den procentandel av yt- arean som består av mikroporer i det storleksintervall som 465 464 4 effektivt blockeras av adsorbaten enligt uppfinningen. Vid behandling av konduktivt kolsvart har effektiva resultat âstadkommits med användning av ca 0.5-5 viktt adsorbat och ca l,0-2.02 adsorbat föredras speciellt.The optimum amount of adsorbate used depends on the carbon black treated, its surface area and the percentage of surface area consisting of micropores in the size range which is effectively blocked by the adsorbate of the invention. In the treatment of conductive carbon black, effective results have been obtained using about 0.5-5 weight of adsorbate and about 1.0-2.02 adsorbate is especially preferred.
Efterföljande exempel avser att ytterligare illustrera uppfin- ningen. Exemplen är avsedda att vara illustrativa till sin natur och skall ej uppfattas såsom begränsande uppfinningens ram.The following examples are intended to further illustrate the invention. The examples are intended to be illustrative in nature and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Testprocedurer En mängd kolsvart vägdes upp i ett glaskärl och en uppmätt viktprocentandel adsorbat tillsattes kolsvartsubstansen.Test Procedures An amount of carbon black was weighed into a glass vessel and a measured percentage by weight of adsorbate was added to the carbon black substance.
Kärlet tillslöts med lock och innehållet blandades noggrant genom att kärlet rullades runt under ca l-5 minuter (60-300 s). Efter lösgörande av locket placerades kärlet och dess innehåll i en ugn för torkning.The vessel was closed with a lid and the contents were mixed thoroughly by rolling the vessel around for about 1-5 minutes (60-300 s). After loosening the lid, the vessel and its contents were placed in an oven for drying.
För att utvärdera egenskaperna hos kolsvartsubstanserna med avseende på fuktadsorption och volymresistivitet kompoundera- des kolsvartsubstanserna med ett lämpligt harts. I illustre- rande syfte användes ett eten/etylakrylat (EEA) som harts i efterföljande exempel. Substansen som skulle testas framställ- des genom att den önskade mängden kolsvart infördes i hartset räknat på viktprocentbasis. Kolsvartsubstanserna kompoundera- des vid angivna fyllningshalter i EEA med användning av en Brabender-blandare som roterade med 60 varv/min med cirkule- rande olja vid ll0°C (383°K) under 9 minuter (540 s). Den resulterande massan bearbetades till ett ark pâ en kall tvâ- valskvarn och formades till ark för efterföljande utprovning.To evaluate the properties of the carbon black substances with respect to moisture absorption and volume resistivity, the carbon black substances were compounded with a suitable resin. For illustrative purposes, an ethylene / ethyl acrylate (EEA) resin was used in the following examples. The substance to be tested was prepared by introducing the desired amount of carbon black into the resin on a weight percent basis. The carbon blacks were compounded at specified fill levels in the EEA using a Brabender mixer rotating at 60 rpm with circulating oil at 110 ° C (383 ° K) for 9 minutes (540 s). The resulting mass was processed into a sheet on a cold two-roll mill and formed into sheets for subsequent testing.
För att bestämma CMA skars eller klipptes de olika etenletyl- akrylat (BEA)-massorna till pellets för att ge lämpligt granulerade prover. Ett prov om 3 g av den granulerade massan vägdes in i en glasdegel med känd vikt och torkades vid 67°C ¿3° (333°K) och l/3 atmosfär (2,4 x l04 Pa) under 2 timmar (7200 s) för att ta bort fukt från massan. Efter avkylning i S 465 454 en desickator fastställdes vikten till närmaste tiondel av ett milligram. Hassan placerades därefter i en desickator som hölls vid rumstemperatur (2l¿l°C [294°K]) och 79% relativ fuktighet (R.H.) under 48 timmar (l,728 x 105 s). Hassan vägdes sedan efter 30 minn (1800 s) och periodiskt med 24 tim- mars (8,64 104 s) intervall tills konstant vikt (0,03% ök- ning i CMA) uppnåtts. Jämviktsfuktabsorptionen framräknades som en viktprocentandel av massan med användning av följande formel: (C + S) - (C +DS) - B (C + DS) - (TC) cm (vikta) = x loo där C + S slutvikt behållare + prov C + D = vikt behållare + torrt prov TC = taravikt glasdegel B = ändring i vikt tom behållare Volymresistiviteten hos ett material är förhållandet mellan spänningsgradienten parallell med strömmen i materialet till strömtätheten. Volymresistiviteten mäts i ohmcentimeter och är det reciproka värdet av volymkonduktiviteten. För att fast- ställa volymresistiviteten hos plastmassor innehållande kol- svart framställdes prover genom att forma 2,0 mm standarddrag- plattor av de malda arken och 2' x 6' (5,1 x 15.2 cm) elekt- riska testprover skars ut av dragplattorna. Varje prov över- drogs med en silverfärg (konduktiv silverbeläggning i etyl- alkohol) för erhållande av en 1,27 cm bred silverelektrod i varje ände. Alla prover placerades i en provhållare (mellan 8 x 6 [20,3 15,2 cm] glasplattor anordnade korsvis i förhål- lande till varandra så att kanten på den översta plattan låg i linje med kanten på provet) och elektroderna anslöts till ett Leeds och Northrup testset.($$S03S) bestående av en Wheat- stone-brygga och galvanometer. Spänningen som lades på ett provstycke var ca 4.5 V. DC-resistanserna över längden av provet uppmättes och omvandlades till volymresistivitet 1 ohm-cm med användning av följande formel: 2 x T x (2,S4) x R volymresistivitet (ohm-cm) = x (2,54) 465 464 6 där T = tjocklek hos prov (tum) R = resistans (ohm) 2,54 = omräkningskonstant (tum -9 cm) = avstândkonstant (tum) - mått på avståndet mellan de tvâ halv-tums silverelektroderna målade på varje ände av testprovet Resistansen hos provet uppmättes i en ugn som hölls vid 90°C (363°K). Härvid uppmättes resistansen initialt efter 3 minuter (180 s) vid 90°C (363°K) med efterföljande avläsningar med 2 minuters (120 s) intervall under de närmaste 30 minuterna (1800 s). Efter 30 minuter (1800 s) gjordes avläsningar var femte minut (300 s) tills provet hade varit i den 90°C (363°K) varma ugnen under totalt 60 minuter (3600 s). Värdet på resistansen hos provet vid 90°C (363°K) fastställdes på en kurva som den punkt, vid vilken avläsningarna blev konstanta.To determine CMA, the various ethylene ethyl acrylate (BEA) masses were cut or cut into pellets to give appropriately granulated samples. A 3 g sample of the granulated mass was weighed into a glass crucible of known weight and dried at 67 ° C ¿3 ° (333 ° K) and 1/3 atmosphere (2.4 x 10 4 Pa) for 2 hours (7200 s ) to remove moisture from the pulp. After cooling in S 465 454 a desiccator, the weight was determined to be the nearest tenth of a milligram. The hash was then placed in a desiccator maintained at room temperature (21 ° C [294 ° K]) and 79% relative humidity (R.H.) for 48 hours (1,728 x 105 s). The hash was then weighed after 30 minutes (1800 s) and periodically at 24 hour intervals (8.64 104 s) until a constant weight (0.03% increase in CMA) was reached. The equilibrium moisture absorption was calculated as a weight percentage of the pulp using the following formula: (C + S) - (C + DS) - B (C + DS) - (TC) cm (weight) = x loo where C + S final weight container + sample C + D = weight of container + dry sample TC = tare weight of glass crucible B = change in weight of empty container The volume resistivity of a material is the ratio of the voltage gradient parallel to the current in the material to the current density. The volume resistivity is measured in ohm centimeters and is the reciprocal of the volume conductivity. To determine the volume resistivity of plastic masses containing carbon black, samples were prepared by forming 2.0 mm standard drawing plates from the ground sheets and 2 'x 6' (5.1 x 15.2 cm) electrical test samples were cut from the drawing plates. . Each sample was coated with a silver dye (conductive silver coating in ethyl alcohol) to obtain a 1.27 cm wide silver electrode at each end. All samples were placed in a sample holder (between 8 x 6 [20.3 15.2 cm] glass plates arranged crosswise relative to each other so that the edge of the top plate was aligned with the edge of the sample) and the electrodes were connected to a Leeds and Northrup test set. ($$ S03S) consisting of a Wheatstone bridge and galvanometer. The voltage applied to a specimen was about 4.5 V. The DC resistances over the length of the specimen were measured and converted to volume resistivity of 1 ohm-cm using the following formula: 2 x T x (2, S4) x R volume resistivity (ohm-cm) = x (2.54) 465 464 6 where T = thickness of sample (inches) R = resistance (ohms) 2.54 = conversion constant (inches -9 cm) = distance constant (inches) - measure of the distance between the two halves inch silver electrodes painted on each end of the test specimen The resistance of the specimen was measured in an oven maintained at 90 ° C (363 ° K). In this case, the resistance was initially measured after 3 minutes (180 s) at 90 ° C (363 ° K) with subsequent readings at 2 minute (120 s) intervals for the next 30 minutes (1800 s). After 30 minutes (1800 s), readings were taken every five minutes (300 s) until the sample had been in the 90 ° C (363 ° K) hot oven for a total of 60 minutes (3600 s). The value of the resistance of the sample at 90 ° C (363 ° K) was determined on a curve as the point at which the readings became constant.
Kväveytarean (N2SA) hos kolsvartprover bestämdes enligt ASTM-testmetod D3037-76. metod C. och är uttryckt i termer av kvadratmeter per gram (m2/9).The nitrogen surface area (N2SA) of carbon black samples was determined according to ASTM test method D3037-76. method C. and is expressed in terms of square meters per gram (m2 / 9).
I nedanstående tabell anges representativa resultat som upp- nåddes med användning av olika kolsvart och absorbat.The table below shows representative results that were achieved using different carbon blacks and absorbers.
I tabellerna I och II anges resultaten med tvâ olika kolsvart- prover och med användning av varierande mängder av tvâ adsor- bat. värdena i tabell III visar att behandling med homologer av n-alkaner ger jämförbara gynnsamma resultat. En ökning av kedjelängden hos adsorbatet har fördelen av att ge högre atmosfäriska kokpunkter och högre temperaturstabilitet mot desorption.Tables I and II show the results with two different carbon black samples and using varying amounts of two adsorbents. the values in table III show that treatment with homologues of n-alkanes gives comparable favorable results. An increase in the chain length of the adsorbate has the advantage of providing higher atmospheric boiling points and higher temperature stability against desorption.
Tabell IV visar effekten av behandling med användning av olika isomerer av oktan. Adsorbatmolekylerna uppvisar samtliga samma molekylformel men uppvisar ökande grad av förgrening från top- pen till bottnen av tabellen. Åven om behandling med samtliga få, 7 465 464 adsorbat visade gynnsamma resultat var linjära molekyler mest effektiva.Table IV shows the effect of treatment using different isomers of octane. The adsorbate molecules all show the same molecular formula but show an increasing degree of branching from the top to the bottom of the table. Although treatment with all few, 7,465,464 adsorbates showed favorable results, linear molecules were most effective.
Tabell V anger resultat av behandling med användning av olika adsorbat inkluderande såväl substituerade som osubstituerade alkaner. Aminerna och alkoholerna tycks ha en viss affinitet för vatten, vilken ej föreligger för de halogenerade och osubstituerade alkanerna.Table V lists results of treatment using various adsorbates including both substituted and unsubstituted alkanes. The amines and alcohols appear to have a certain affinity for water, which does not exist for the halogenated and unsubstituted alkanes.
Tabell VI anger resultaten då kolsvart med varierande ytarea behandlades. Exemplet med användning av kolsvart med låg yt- area (ca 50 m2/9) uppvisade ingen effekt vid behandling en- ligt uppfinningen.Table VI lists the results when carbon black with varying surface area was treated. The example of using carbon black with a low surface area (approx. 50 m2 / 9) showed no effect in treatment according to the invention.
Tabell VII visar resultaten då kolsvart med varierande ytarea behandlades med varierande mängder n-dekan som adsorbat.Table VII shows the results when carbon black with varying surface area was treated with varying amounts of n-decane as adsorbate.
Tabell I Substans: kolsvart* (36% fyllning) i EEA Adsorbat Behandlings- CMA Volymresistivitet (viktt) betingelser (viktt) 2S°C 90°C Kontroll 0,66 3.12 13,5 3% n-oktan l50°C/60 min 0.29 2.76 10.8 Kontroll 0.63 2.75 11.5 1,52 n-oktan l50°C/60 min 0.29 2,59 10,33 * Kolsvartsubstansen var 'VULKAN XC-72' (ASTM-N-472), konduk- tivt kolsvart levererat av Cabot Corporation. med en kväveyt- area av ca 215-260 m2/g. 465 464 8 Tabell II Substans: kolsvart* (36% fyllning) i EEA Adsorbat Behandlings- CMA Volymresístivitet §vikt%2 betingelser Lviktt) 25°C 90°C Kontroll lS0°C/60 min 0,45 1,96 5.1 3% n-oktan ' 0,92 2,2 5,1 4.5% n-oktan ' 0,43 2,1 6,0 Kontroll ' 2,49 1,9 5.6 3% n-oktan ' 1.08 1,6 3,9 4,52 n-oktan ' 0,55 2.1 6,0 * Använt kolsvart hade en käveytarea av ca 610 m2/g.Table I Substance: carbon black * (36% filling) in EEA Adsorbate Treatment CMA Volume resistivity (weight) conditions (weight) 2S ° C 90 ° C Control 0.66 3.12 13.5 3% n-octane l50 ° C / 60 min 0.29 2.76 10.8 Control 0.63 2.75 11.5 1.52 n-octane l50 ° C / 60 min 0.29 2.59 10.33 * The carbon black substance was 'VULKAN XC-72' (ASTM-N-472), conductive carbon black supplied by Cabot Corporation. with a nitrogen surface area of about 215-260 m2 / g. 465 464 8 Table II Substance: carbon black * (36% filling) in EEA Adsorbate Treatment CMA Volume resistivity §weight% 2 conditions Weight) 25 ° C 90 ° C Control lS0 ° C / 60 min 0.45 1.96 5.1 3% n-octane '0.92 2.2 5.1 4.5% n-octane' 0.43 2.1 6.0 Control '2.49 1.9 5.6 3% n-octane' 1.08 1.6 3.9 4.52 n-octane '0.55 2.1 6.0 * Used carbon black had a jaw surface area of about 610 m2 / g.
Tabell III Substans: kolsvart* (362 fyllning) i EEA Adsorbat Behandlíngs- CMA Volymresistivitet gviktt) betingelser Lviktå) 25°C 90°C Kontroll 0,56 3,36 10,4 1 1/2% n-oktan 200°C/12 h 0,22 2,8 9.1 1 l/2% n-dekan ' 0.23 2.9 8.7 1 1/2% n-dodekan ' 0,24 3.2 10.1 l 1/2% n-hexadekan ' 0,24 3.2 10,3 Substans: kolsvart* (36% fyllning) 1 EEA Adsorbat gviktä) Kontroll l,5% n-oktan l.5% 4 metylheptan l.5% 2.5-dímetylheptan 1.52 2,3,4-trímetyl- pentan l,5% 2,2.4-trimetyl- pentan l.5% hexametyletan * ÃIlVäIlt KOISVäIIt Väl Tabell IV 465 464 Behandlings- CMA Volymresistivitet betingelser (viktt) 25°C 90°C 200°C/12 h 0,66 2,9 9,6 ' 0.20 2,8 9,1 ' 0.28 3,1 11.5 ' 0,28 3,3 10,1 ' 0.35 3.2 10,5 ' 0,38 2,7 8,5 ' 0,44 5,4 25.5 'VULKAN XC-72' (ASTM-N-472), konduktivt kolsvart levererat av Cabot Corporation, med en kväveytarea av ca 215-260 m2/g.Table III Substance: carbon black * (362 fill) in EEA Adsorbate Treatment CMA Volume resistivity weighted) Conditions Lviktå) 25 ° C 90 ° C Control 0.56 3.36 10.4 1 1/2% n-octane 200 ° C / 12 h 0.22 2.8 9.1 1 l / 2% n-decane '0.23 2.9 8.7 1 1/2% n-dodecane' 0.24 3.2 10.1 l 1/2% n-hexadecane '0.24 3.2 10, 3 Substance: carbon black * (36% filling) 1 EEA Adsorbate weight) Control 1.5% n-octane 1.5% 4 methylheptane 1.5% 2,5-dimethylheptane 1.52 2,3,4-trimethylpentane 1.5% 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 1.5% hexamethylethane * SELECTED COISELE Well Table IV 465 464 Treatment CMA Volume resistivity conditions (weight) 25 ° C 90 ° C 200 ° C / 12 h 0.66 2.9 9.6 ' 0.20 2.8 9.1 '0.28 3.1 11.5' 0.28 3.3 10.1 '0.35 3.2 10.5' 0.38 2.7 8.5 '0.44 5.4 25.5' VULKAN XC -72 '(ASTM-N-472), conductive carbon black supplied by Cabot Corporation, with a nitrogen surface area of about 215-260 m2 / g.
Substans: Adsorbat §víkt%) Kontroll 1% n-oktan 3% n-amínooktan 2% n-hexanol Kontroll 2% n-oktan 2% n-dekan 2% n-bromooktan 2% n-klorooktan l,5% 1,3-dikloropropan Tabell IV kolsvart* (36% fyllning) 1 EEA Behandlings- CMA Volymresístívitet betingelser (víktt) 25°C 90°C 0.65 2.8 12.2 1so°c/qso min 0.29 2.6 10,3 ' 0,34 3.6 17.4 l50°C/12 h 0,44 3.0 14.0 0,77 4,5 31,9 ll0°C/60 min 0.36 3.7 17,1 ' 0,32 3.7 18.1 ' 0.38 3.9 19.5 ' 0.33 3.3 14.6 ' 0.30 2,8 9,3 * Använt kolsvart var 'VULKAN XC-72' (ASTM-N-472), konduktívt kolsvart från Cabot Corporation. med kväveytarea en ca 215-260 m2/g. 465 464 .nmw:HøumnHmmm:|4mm\uHm>mHOM Hmwcø uwumnnomflm wmwnmmcfl fiwmëwxm muvmw H AN.Substance: Adsorbate (weight%) Control 1% n-octane 3% n-aminoooctane 2% n-hexanol Control 2% n-octane 2% n-decane 2% n-bromooctane 2% n-chlorooctane 1.5% 1, 3-dichloropropane Table IV carbon black * (36% filling) 1 EEA Treatment CMA Volume resistivity conditions (weighted) 25 ° C 90 ° C 0.65 2.8 12.2 1so ° c / qso min 0.29 2.6 10.3 '0.34 3.6 17.4 l50 ° C / 12 h 0.44 3.0 14.0 0.77 4.5 31.9 ll0 ° C / 60 min 0.36 3.7 17.1 '0.32 3.7 18.1' 0.38 3.9 19.5 '0.33 3.3 14.6' 0.30 2.8 9, 3 * Carbon black used was 'VULKAN XC-72' (ASTM-N-472), conductive carbon black from Cabot Corporation. with a nitrogen surface area of approx. 215-260 m2 / g. 465 464 .nmw: HøumnHmmm: | 4mm \ uHm> mHOM Hmwcø uwumnnom fl m wmwnmmc fl fi wmëwxm muvmw H AN.
.^ HÜEOPMHOÄ NP QQHCWEOGÜÖ H UÜE HOQÜMANIC >fl ÜGHCUÉNHQ flm HW :Nr HNQHOZ: Avg mv mF av mv ßm FF mm m Nmw mm mwp mv w N~N m m.N PP m_N PN m.m PN m.m mn N~w vw «~v Uøom OOmN umufi>flumHmwHE>Ho> ämm fi -.o mm.o mN.o mw~o NN~o mo.P Nm.o mw.o æß.o ßN.o ww~o mm.o æm.o Awuxfl>m 420 afla o@\uo@mF 4\Z ufis @@\uoQmP NP NP wfi wF wF wr mm mm mm mm mm Hwmfiwmnflumn lmmflflflwcmsmm ^w»xfi>. mqflqfifiæm .mnflqflflww *mmm »Hw>wHox umnmumnsw H> mi-.QQMB ßmßw oww mmm mm wNN æmw mm om ^Em\NEm mmmz =~P HmmHoz= wm N=N~ :NF :NÉ P=N~ M HHOHUGOM cmxwøac æm W HHOHUGOM cmcocln wm.w O HHOHDCOM ummHoz= wm.P ummuoz= wm.F u Hflwnucom HmmHoz= wm.F m Hfiouwnom HmmnoZ= wm.P 4 Hflouucom .^w»xfl>, QNQHOMUÉ Substans: Adsorbat NÉSA (vikt%) (m /gm) Kontroll 1 142 0,75% n-dekan Kontroll 2 235 1,5% n-dekan Kontroll 3 1052 3% n-dekan Kontroll 4 1322 3% n-dekan ll VII Tabell 46.5 464 kolsvart (36% fyllning) i EEA Volym- Fyllning Behandlings- CMA resistivitet (vikt%) betingelser (vikt%) 90°C 36 l50°C/60 min 0.49 34.2 36 ' 0,37 34,7 36 ' 0.78 16.7 36 ' 0.39 13.0 14 ' 0,45 26.0 14 ' 0,26 26,5 14 ' 0.63 19,2 14 ' 0,38 20.6. ^ HÜEOPMHOÄ NP QQHCWEOGÜÖ H UÜE HOQÜMANIC> fl ÜGHCUÉNHQ fl m HW: Nr HNQHOZ: Avg mv mF av mv ßm FF mm m Nmw mm mwp mv w N ~ N m mN PP m_N PN mm W P mm ~ N Uøom OOmN umu fi> fl umHmwHE> Ho >ämm fi -.o mm.o mN.o mw ~ o NN ~ o mo.P Nm.o mw.o æß.o ßN.o ww ~ o mm.o æm.o Awux fl > m 420 a fl a o @ \ uo @ mF 4 \ Z u fi s @@ \ uoQmP NP NP w fi wF wF wr mm mm mm mm mm Hwm fi wmn fl umn lmm flflfl wcmsmm ^ w »x fi>. mq fl q fifi æm .mn fl q flfl ww * mmm »Hw> wHox umnmumnsw H> mi-.QQMB ßmßw oww mmm mm wNN æmw mm om ^ Em \ NEm mmmz = ~ P HmmHoz = wm N = N ~: NF: NÉ P = N ~ M HHøac æm W HHOHUGOM cmcocln wm.w O HHOHDCOM ummHoz = wm.P ummuoz = wm.F u H fl wnucom HmmHoz = wm.F m H fi ouwnom HmmnoZ = wm.P 4 H fl ouucom. ^ w »x fl>, QNQHOMUS Substance: N%% ) (m / gm) Control 1 142 0.75% n-decane Control 2 235 1.5% n-decane Control 3 1052 3% n-decane Control 4 1322 3% n-decane ll VII Table 46.5 464 carbon black (36 % filling) in EEA Volume- Filling Treatment- CMA resistivity (weight%) conditions (weight%) 90 ° C 36 l50 ° C / 60 min 0.49 34.2 36 '0.37 34.7 36' 0.78 16.7 36 '0.39 13.0 14 '0.45 26.0 14' 0.26 26.5 14 '0.63 19.2 14' 0.38 20.6
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ZA933185B (en) | 1992-05-08 | 1994-05-23 | Dick Co Ab | Encapsulated magnetic particles pigments and carbon black compositions and methods related thereto |
US5807494A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1998-09-15 | Boes; Ralph Ulrich | Gel compositions comprising silica and functionalized carbon products |
US5869550A (en) | 1995-05-22 | 1999-02-09 | Cabot Corporation | Method to improve traction using silicon-treated carbon blacks |
US5707432A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-01-13 | Cabot Corporation | Modified carbon products and inks and coatings containing modified carbon products |
US6069190A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 2000-05-30 | Cabot Corporation | Ink compositions having improved latency |
US6110994A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 2000-08-29 | Cabot Corporation | Polymeric products containing modified carbon products and methods of making and using the same |
AU3307897A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-01-07 | Cabot Corporation | Modified colored pigments and ink jet inks containing them |
AU3056897A (en) | 1996-09-25 | 1998-04-17 | Cabot Corporation | Pre-coupled silicon-treated carbon blacks |
WO1998013428A1 (en) | 1996-09-25 | 1998-04-02 | Cabot Corporation | Silica coated carbon blacks |
US6017980A (en) | 1997-03-27 | 2000-01-25 | Cabot Corporation | Elastomeric compounds incorporating metal-treated carbon blacks |
US5904762A (en) | 1997-04-18 | 1999-05-18 | Cabot Corporation | Method of making a multi-phase aggregate using a multi-stage process |
US5895522A (en) * | 1997-08-12 | 1999-04-20 | Cabot Corporation | Modified carbon products with leaving groups and inks and coatings containing modified carbon products |
EP1027388B1 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 2005-12-07 | Cabot Corporation | Particles having an attached stable free radical, polymerized modified particles, and methods of making the same |
US6068688A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 2000-05-30 | Cabot Corporation | Particle having an attached stable free radical and methods of making the same |
US6368239B1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 2002-04-09 | Cabot Corporation | Methods of making a particle having an attached stable free radical |
US6387500B1 (en) | 1997-11-06 | 2002-05-14 | Cabot Corporation | Multi-layered coatings and coated paper and paperboards |
US6051060A (en) * | 1997-12-04 | 2000-04-18 | Marconi Data Systems, Inc. | Method of making pigment with increased hydrophilic properties |
US6472471B2 (en) | 1997-12-16 | 2002-10-29 | Cabot Corporation | Polymeric products containing modified carbon products and methods of making and using the same |
US6103380A (en) | 1998-06-03 | 2000-08-15 | Cabot Corporation | Particle having an attached halide group and methods of making the same |
US20020165302A1 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-11-07 | Rakshit Lamba | Method for producing additive carbon black |
SG129313A1 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2007-02-26 | Denka Singapore Private Ltd | Carbon black, method for producing the same, and its use |
AT514774B1 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2016-08-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Equipment for a condensation nucleus counter for combustion engine exhaust gases |
WO2021223789A1 (en) | 2020-05-05 | 2021-11-11 | Suncoal Industries Gmbh | Biogenic black pigment, method for the production thereof and use thereof |
KR20240004962A (en) | 2021-05-05 | 2024-01-11 | 선콜 인더스트리즈 게엠베하 | Bio-derived black pigment and its production method and use |
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US1848213A (en) * | 1929-09-07 | 1932-03-08 | Wiegand William Bryan | High color carbon black |
GB721467A (en) * | 1952-01-21 | 1955-01-05 | David Child Soul | Improvements in or relating to coated solid particles |
US2867540A (en) * | 1955-12-30 | 1959-01-06 | Monsanto Chemicals | Modified carbon black product and process |
DE1134467B (en) * | 1959-06-11 | 1962-08-09 | Hoechst Ag | Process for the production of dust-free dye powder |
FR1331889A (en) * | 1962-08-24 | 1963-07-05 | Bayer Ag | Manufacture of carbon black preparations |
US3340081A (en) * | 1963-12-26 | 1967-09-05 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Treatment of carbon black |
US3338729A (en) * | 1964-05-26 | 1967-08-29 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Oil impregnation of carbon black |
DE1467425A1 (en) * | 1964-06-04 | 1969-11-06 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Process for impregnating fillers |
US3415775A (en) * | 1966-03-29 | 1968-12-10 | Monsanto Co | Blends of n-alkyl-n'-aryl phenylene diamines and a carrier |
GB1175065A (en) * | 1966-09-12 | 1969-12-23 | Kores Mfg Company Ltd | Copy Sheet and Method of Making the Same |
DE1767950A1 (en) * | 1968-07-04 | 1971-09-30 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Process for hydrophobing carbon black |
DE1769728A1 (en) * | 1968-07-04 | 1971-10-28 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Hydrophobic carbon black in rubber compounds |
DE2023530B2 (en) * | 1970-05-14 | 1974-03-14 | Kemisk Vaerk Koege A/S, Koege (Daenemark) | Pre-treated pigment and process for its manufacture |
US4001035A (en) * | 1974-01-16 | 1977-01-04 | Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Coloring composition |
US4170486A (en) * | 1975-05-05 | 1979-10-09 | Cabot Corporation | Carbon black compositions and black-pigmented compositions containing same |
DE2613126C2 (en) * | 1976-03-27 | 1983-12-08 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Process for the antistatic treatment of rubber |
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