SE447990B - Forfarande for rening av n,n-dialkylaminoetanoler - Google Patents
Forfarande for rening av n,n-dialkylaminoetanolerInfo
- Publication number
- SE447990B SE447990B SE8007424A SE8007424A SE447990B SE 447990 B SE447990 B SE 447990B SE 8007424 A SE8007424 A SE 8007424A SE 8007424 A SE8007424 A SE 8007424A SE 447990 B SE447990 B SE 447990B
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- hydrochlorate
- ppm
- dimethylaminoethanol
- vinyloxy
- ethanol
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoform Chemical compound BrC(Br)Br DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoform Chemical compound IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabromomethane Chemical compound BrC(Br)(Br)Br HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCO BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride Chemical compound CC(Cl)=O WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229950005228 bromoform Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- GATVIKZLVQHOMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodibromomethane Chemical compound ClC(Br)Br GATVIKZLVQHOMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BLHVJAAEHMLMOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOP(O)(O)=O BLHVJAAEHMLMOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FXXACINHVKSMDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl bromide Chemical compound CC(Br)=O FXXACINHVKSMDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012346 acetyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RKSOPLXZQNSWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl bromide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Br RKSOPLXZQNSWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- UJPKMTDFFUTLGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminoethanol Chemical class CC(N)O UJPKMTDFFUTLGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- JOHCVVJGGSABQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon tetraiodide Chemical compound IC(I)(I)I JOHCVVJGGSABQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=CC=C1 HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940067157 phenylhydrazine Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- FZUJWWOKDIGOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.OS(O)(=O)=O FZUJWWOKDIGOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VUIWJRYTWUGOOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenoxyethanol Chemical class OCCOC=C VUIWJRYTWUGOOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229960002887 deanol Drugs 0.000 description 7
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 ethyl 2-vinyloxyacrylate Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- NFEQKIOTZVZZFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(diethylamino)ethyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)OP(O)(O)=O NFEQKIOTZVZZFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MROYOSVOQDJQDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClO.C(C)N(CC)C(C)O Chemical compound ClO.C(C)N(CC)C(C)O MROYOSVOQDJQDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWTIOWQZLVIYEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [NH3+]CCO.[NH3+]CCO.[NH3+]CCO.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [NH3+]CCO.[NH3+]CCO.[NH3+]CCO.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GWTIOWQZLVIYEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAMLQZOPLCRCAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethylbenzene;hydrochloride Chemical class Cl.BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 NAMLQZOPLCRCAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JOVOSQBPPZZESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylhydrazine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NNC1=CC=CC=C1 JOVOSQBPPZZESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940038531 phenylhydrazine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Cl NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/10—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7926988A FR2468579A1 (fr) | 1979-10-31 | 1979-10-31 | Procede de purification des n,n,dialkylaminoethanols |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SE8007424L SE8007424L (sv) | 1981-05-01 |
| SE447990B true SE447990B (sv) | 1987-01-12 |
Family
ID=9231222
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8007424A SE447990B (sv) | 1979-10-31 | 1980-10-22 | Forfarande for rening av n,n-dialkylaminoetanoler |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE885795A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| DE (1) | DE3040732C2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| FR (1) | FR2468579A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| GB (1) | GB2061939B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| SE (1) | SE447990B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5424482A (en) * | 1991-08-08 | 1995-06-13 | Elf Atochem N.A., Inc. | Process for preparing color-stable tertiary butyldiethanolamine |
| EP2651861B1 (de) | 2010-12-17 | 2015-02-25 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung eines n,n-dialkyl-ethanolamins mit hoher farbstabilität |
| US8791302B2 (en) | 2010-12-17 | 2014-07-29 | Basf Se | Process for preparing an N,N-dialky-ethanolamine having high color stability |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3151166A (en) * | 1960-09-12 | 1964-09-29 | Jefferson Chem Co Inc | Method for preparing color stable ethanolamines |
| US3131132A (en) * | 1962-06-06 | 1964-04-28 | Jefferson Chem Co Inc | Purification of dimethylaminoethanol by acid treatment and distillation |
| US3686279A (en) * | 1964-07-09 | 1972-08-22 | Giffin D Jones | 2-methylene-3-butenyl sulfonium salts useful as monomers |
| US3567779A (en) * | 1967-11-20 | 1971-03-02 | Jefferson Chem Co Inc | Color stabilized dimethylethanolamine |
| JPS51146406A (en) * | 1975-06-11 | 1976-12-16 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | Purification of aminoalcohols |
-
1979
- 1979-10-31 FR FR7926988A patent/FR2468579A1/fr active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-10-20 BE BE0/202529A patent/BE885795A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-10-22 SE SE8007424A patent/SE447990B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-10-27 GB GB8034558A patent/GB2061939B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-10-29 DE DE19803040732 patent/DE3040732C2/de not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2468579A1 (fr) | 1981-05-08 |
| DE3040732A1 (de) | 1981-05-27 |
| FR2468579B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) | 1984-02-10 |
| GB2061939B (en) | 1984-05-02 |
| SE8007424L (sv) | 1981-05-01 |
| BE885795A (fr) | 1981-04-21 |
| GB2061939A (en) | 1981-05-20 |
| DE3040732C2 (de) | 1986-05-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA1234148A (en) | Process for separating iodine and its compounds from the carbonylation products obtained by subjecting dimethylether, methyl acetate or methanol to a carbonylation reaction | |
| JP3835843B2 (ja) | 純粋グレードのアクリル酸の製造方法 | |
| JP3682092B2 (ja) | 純粋グレードのアクリル酸の製造方法 | |
| US4828652A (en) | Removal of aldehydes from α, β-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids | |
| EP0648732A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Roh-(Meth)acrylsäure | |
| JPS6016410B2 (ja) | カルボン酸をその水溶液から収得する方法 | |
| EP1229015B1 (en) | Method for production of aromatic compounds | |
| SE447990B (sv) | Forfarande for rening av n,n-dialkylaminoetanoler | |
| DE69606601T2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von dicarbonsäure-dichlorid | |
| EP0713854A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Roh-(Meth)acrylsäure | |
| US5380884A (en) | Method for producing glycidyl methacrylate | |
| US4285872A (en) | Method for producing glycidyl (metha)acrylate | |
| CN107912038A (zh) | 用于生产乙酸的方法 | |
| US3490997A (en) | Dehydration of wet lower aliphatic monocarboxylic acid by distillation with alkali metal ions present | |
| JPS6052740B2 (ja) | P−第3ブチル−ベンズアルデヒドおよび核の所でハロゲン置換されたその誘導体の製造方法 | |
| DE69400672T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Verminderung des Verunreinigungsniveaus in wässrigen Monomerenlösungen | |
| JPH09301921A (ja) | (メタ)アクリル酸エステルの製造方法及び製造装置 | |
| JP2701229B2 (ja) | 3−クロロプロピオン酸の製造方法 | |
| US4500728A (en) | Process for preparing 2-aminoethyl methacrylate salts of high purity | |
| JPH05271146A (ja) | 廃棄酢酸の精製法 | |
| JPH04187682A (ja) | グリシジルアクリレート又はグリシジルメタクリレートの精製法 | |
| JPS6212787B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) | ||
| DK149122B (da) | Fremgangsmaade til kontinuerlig fremstilling af diacetylethylendiamin | |
| JPS6155493B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) | ||
| JP4369568B2 (ja) | ヒドロキシアルキルメタクリレートの製造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| NUG | Patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 8007424-8 Effective date: 19940510 Format of ref document f/p: F |