SE443568B - Vattenloslig karboxylsyrahaltig sampolymer och anvendning derav som dispergeringsmedel i en pigmentpasta eller i en beleggningskomposition - Google Patents
Vattenloslig karboxylsyrahaltig sampolymer och anvendning derav som dispergeringsmedel i en pigmentpasta eller i en beleggningskompositionInfo
- Publication number
- SE443568B SE443568B SE7809905A SE7809905A SE443568B SE 443568 B SE443568 B SE 443568B SE 7809905 A SE7809905 A SE 7809905A SE 7809905 A SE7809905 A SE 7809905A SE 443568 B SE443568 B SE 443568B
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- water
- pigment
- copolymer
- dispersant
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims description 95
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title description 37
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 48
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical class N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 C1-C8-alkyl methacrylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IWLXWEWGQZEKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;zinc Chemical compound N.[Zn] IWLXWEWGQZEKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
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- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 84
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 38
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- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 24
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 19
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- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 16
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- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical class CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 101100298295 Drosophila melanogaster flfl gene Proteins 0.000 description 10
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 9
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 6
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 3
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical group CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
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- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- IHBCFWWEZXPPLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Zn] Chemical compound [Ca].[Zn] IHBCFWWEZXPPLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002479 acid--base titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QBLDFAIABQKINO-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium borate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]B=O.[O-]B=O QBLDFAIABQKINO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical class CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium sulfide Chemical compound [Cd]=S CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPKFMIVTEHMOBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 GPKFMIVTEHMOBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002887 deanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012674 dispersion polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl formate Chemical compound C=COC=O GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVBRSNZAOAJRKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-sulfanylacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CS PVBRSNZAOAJRKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008241 heterogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940051250 hexylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052920 inorganic sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZGUQQOOKFJPJRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Pb] ZGUQQOOKFJPJRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940117841 methacrylic acid copolymer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002103 osmometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium methoxide Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical class CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007717 redox polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylthiol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001038 titanium pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/006—Preparation of organic pigments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0071—Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
- C09B67/0084—Dispersions of dyes
- C09B67/0085—Non common dispersing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C09D133/062—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C09D133/06
- C09D133/064—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C09D133/06 containing anhydride, COOH or COOM groups, with M being metal or onium-cation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D17/00—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints
- C09D17/004—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints containing an inorganic pigment
- C09D17/007—Metal oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/16—Amines or polyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/34—Higher-molecular-weight carboxylic acid esters
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/835,262 US4243430A (en) | 1977-09-21 | 1977-09-21 | Pigment dispersant for aqueous paints |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SE7809905L SE7809905L (sv) | 1979-03-22 |
| SE443568B true SE443568B (sv) | 1986-03-03 |
Family
ID=25269063
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7809905A SE443568B (sv) | 1977-09-21 | 1978-09-20 | Vattenloslig karboxylsyrahaltig sampolymer och anvendning derav som dispergeringsmedel i en pigmentpasta eller i en beleggningskomposition |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4243430A (fi) |
| JP (1) | JPS5454145A (fi) |
| AU (1) | AU551629B2 (fi) |
| BE (1) | BE870587A (fi) |
| CA (1) | CA1129147A (fi) |
| CH (2) | CH635114A5 (fi) |
| DE (1) | DE2840739A1 (fi) |
| DK (1) | DK417678A (fi) |
| FI (1) | FI65270C (fi) |
| FR (1) | FR2404017A1 (fi) |
| GB (1) | GB2005697B (fi) |
| IT (1) | IT1099100B (fi) |
| NL (1) | NL186395C (fi) |
| NO (1) | NO783054L (fi) |
| PH (1) | PH16566A (fi) |
| SE (1) | SE443568B (fi) |
| ZA (1) | ZA785131B (fi) |
Families Citing this family (62)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2488814A1 (fr) * | 1980-08-21 | 1982-02-26 | Coatex Sa | Agent de broyage pour suspension aqueuse de materiaux mineraux en vue d'applications pigmentaires |
| US4293475A (en) | 1980-09-12 | 1981-10-06 | Tenneco Chemicals, Inc. | Pigment dispersions for surface-coating compositions and surface-coating compositions containing same |
| DE3037989A1 (de) * | 1980-10-08 | 1982-05-13 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Konzentrierte fluessige zubereitungen von anorganischen pigmenten und deren verwendung |
| US4419437A (en) * | 1981-02-11 | 1983-12-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Image-forming compositions and elements containing ionic polyester dispersing agents |
| DE3123732A1 (de) * | 1981-06-15 | 1982-12-30 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Mahlhilfsmittel und dispergiermittel fuer pigmente |
| EP0099179A3 (en) * | 1982-06-22 | 1987-01-21 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Particulate dispersions |
| DE3227675A1 (de) * | 1982-06-23 | 1983-12-29 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Farbstoffpraeparationen |
| FR2539137A1 (fr) * | 1982-08-06 | 1984-07-13 | Coatex Sa | Agent de broyage a base de polymeres et/ou copolymeres acryliques neutralises pour suspension aqueuse de materiaux mineraux grossiers en vue d'applications pigmentaires |
| US4571415A (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1986-02-18 | Rohm And Haas Company | Washout resistant coatings |
| FR2574086B1 (fr) * | 1984-12-03 | 1987-07-17 | Coatex Sa | Agent dispersant hydrosoluble pour compositions aqueuses pigmentees |
| GB8514570D0 (en) * | 1985-06-10 | 1985-07-10 | Ici Plc | Water-based film-forming coating compositions |
| JPS6232161A (ja) * | 1985-08-06 | 1987-02-12 | Adogaa Kogyo Kk | インク組成物 |
| FR2601028B1 (fr) * | 1986-07-01 | 1988-11-18 | Chimie Optimisation | Vehicules pour concentres pigmentaires a base de telomeres et concentres en contenant |
| EP0260577A1 (en) * | 1986-09-11 | 1988-03-23 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Ash-free multivalent cationstable dispersants for inorganic powders |
| DE3800984A1 (de) * | 1988-01-15 | 1989-07-27 | Basf Ag | Bindemittel fuer klebfreie, nicht schmutzende, elastische beschichtungen |
| JP2592494B2 (ja) * | 1988-04-20 | 1997-03-19 | 花王株式会社 | セメント用混和剤 |
| JPH0776325B2 (ja) * | 1989-10-16 | 1995-08-16 | 新甫 成明 | 複合樹脂組成物 |
| EP0466261B1 (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1995-10-04 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Improved stabilization of dispersions of metal oxides and/or carbon black in water |
| US5268408A (en) * | 1991-03-20 | 1993-12-07 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Process for the preparation of colloidal manganese dioxide |
| EP0601457B1 (de) * | 1992-12-05 | 1996-10-09 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Aufbereitungsmischung anorganischer Pulver mit polymeren Hilfsmitteln und ihre Verwendung |
| US5536769A (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1996-07-16 | Sandor; Raymond P. | Compositions for production of faux finishes |
| FR2710552B1 (fr) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-12-22 | Lvmh Rech | Utilisation de copolymères-blocs acryliques comme agents mouillants et/ou dispersants des particules solides et dispersions en résultant. |
| US5427899A (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 1995-06-27 | Polaroid Corporation | Two-phase acidic aqueous compositions |
| EP0703815A1 (en) * | 1994-04-13 | 1996-04-03 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Thermal flocculation of aqueous dispersions |
| DE4423610A1 (de) * | 1994-07-06 | 1996-01-11 | Basf Ag | Farbstoffe enthaltende wäßrige Dispersionen |
| DE4427931C1 (de) * | 1994-08-06 | 1995-11-23 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | Pigmentkonzentrat und dessen Verwendung |
| WO1997001603A1 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1997-01-16 | Henkel Corporation | Methods of preparing inorganic pigment dispersions |
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| BE564465A (fi) * | 1957-02-04 | |||
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| BE601896A (fi) | 1961-03-28 | 1900-01-01 | ||
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-
1977
- 1977-09-21 US US05/835,262 patent/US4243430A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1978
- 1978-09-08 CA CA310,949A patent/CA1129147A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-09-08 GB GB7836096A patent/GB2005697B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-09-08 NO NO783054A patent/NO783054L/no unknown
- 1978-09-11 ZA ZA00785131A patent/ZA785131B/xx unknown
- 1978-09-13 AU AU39837/78A patent/AU551629B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-09-15 FR FR7826583A patent/FR2404017A1/fr active Granted
- 1978-09-15 FI FI782839A patent/FI65270C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-09-19 CH CH974878A patent/CH635114A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-09-19 DE DE19782840739 patent/DE2840739A1/de active Granted
- 1978-09-19 JP JP11417078A patent/JPS5454145A/ja active Granted
- 1978-09-19 IT IT27829/78A patent/IT1099100B/it active
- 1978-09-19 BE BE190571A patent/BE870587A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-09-20 DK DK417678A patent/DK417678A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-09-20 SE SE7809905A patent/SE443568B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-09-21 NL NLAANVRAGE7809608,A patent/NL186395C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1981
- 1981-06-03 PH PH25714A patent/PH16566A/en unknown
-
1982
- 1982-08-06 CH CH473582A patent/CH639125A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA785131B (en) | 1979-10-31 |
| AU3983778A (en) | 1980-03-20 |
| NL186395B (nl) | 1990-06-18 |
| DE2840739C2 (fi) | 1992-06-11 |
| FI65270C (fi) | 1984-04-10 |
| GB2005697A (en) | 1979-04-25 |
| NL186395C (nl) | 1990-11-16 |
| AU551629B2 (en) | 1986-05-08 |
| NO783054L (no) | 1979-03-22 |
| JPS642634B2 (fi) | 1989-01-18 |
| NL7809608A (nl) | 1979-03-23 |
| PH16566A (en) | 1983-11-18 |
| IT1099100B (it) | 1985-09-18 |
| FR2404017A1 (fr) | 1979-04-20 |
| FI65270B (fi) | 1983-12-30 |
| GB2005697B (en) | 1982-03-31 |
| FI782839A (fi) | 1979-03-22 |
| FR2404017B1 (fi) | 1981-04-30 |
| CH635114A5 (fr) | 1983-03-15 |
| JPS5454145A (en) | 1979-04-28 |
| IT7827829A0 (it) | 1978-09-19 |
| US4243430A (en) | 1981-01-06 |
| SE7809905L (sv) | 1979-03-22 |
| DE2840739A1 (de) | 1979-03-22 |
| DK417678A (da) | 1979-03-22 |
| CH639125A5 (fr) | 1983-10-31 |
| CA1129147A (en) | 1982-08-03 |
| BE870587A (fr) | 1979-03-19 |
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