SE440483B - DEVICE FOR FILTERING OF SLURSES, SUSPENSIONS AND SIMILAR OR FOR PURIFICATION OF SOLID MATERIALS IN THE PIECE, BY WASHING AND / OR SEPARATION OF CLOCKS, FIBER E D FROM WATER, SPECIFICALLY MATERIALS - Google Patents

Description

The filtering capacity of the device consists of fruit juice, until it is pure and for eliminating malfunction of the device. In order to be able to solve the problems of environmental protection, it has become increasingly important to be able to carry out rapid and simple filtration of chemically treated or untreated wastewater.

It is necessary to rid various agricultural products of contaminants before they are processed, because otherwise the contaminants can clog the devices, cause excessive wear and tear and even infect the products.

Cleaning before processing takes place in washing machines. This is the simplest way to remove soil particles, residues from spraying and a significant part of microbial contamination from the products' surfaces, and examples of such purification include washing avpntatis before distillation and starch production, washing sugar beets, tomatoes, fruit, etc.

Valuable materials, for example so-called marrow can be removed from tissue in the pulp obtained by crushing agricultural products and the tissue can be collected separately. In the preparation of potato starch, for example, the starch is separated from the marrow by washing on strainers.

In many industrial areas, size classification of solid materials into pieces, granulated or similar materials is required in order to prevent further degradation of the grains during the separation. In many cases, the purification, for example the removal of contaminants such as wood waste, textile fibers, pieces of paper, larger grains, etc. that stick together after crushing, can be removed from the solid mass of material leaving the dryer before the material is further processed, possibly before packaging. In general, in this case there is no need for grain size classification.

Dutch patent specification 7 511 9? 6 describes such a filter device, which comprises a horizontally arranged cylindrical drum with perforated walls arranged in a closed housing. The drum also has a centrally arranged trough. A feed screw is arranged in the trough, which protrudes into the drum outside the trough. The wet material is introduced under the drum, and a certain part of the solid material is fed a part of the feed screw existing outside the trough into wood. Another part is fed forward, at the same time as the liquid phase flows C goat. through the perforated wall of the drum. The feed screw in the trough returns 40 15 20 25 EO 55 40 8002120-7 5 for the material to the inlet and reaches this o *:% the maintenance time for a certain part of the material in the eooránirgen can be extended. The disadvantage is that the feed screw crushes and crushes the material and presses it through the openers, thereby deteriorating its quality. faota-shaped, fatty, similar materials can not be filtered in this device and this is because its perforations are insensitive; material. Continuous cleaning of the sieve surface is icl-, -. insured. The double construction of the auger 2. certified and the operating costs of the device are high. Cleaning is only possible through periodic washing during downtime.

Dutch patent specification 7 742 8fl5 describes a device comprising a feed screw in a cylindrical body with a perforated wall. The auger extends to the cylindrical wall of the housing. Under the cover, a trough is arranged for collecting liquid. Disadvantages of this device are primarily due to the fact that the feed screw smears and crushes the treated material and presses it through the perforated wall, and that the material is only produced whereby the residence time in the device cannot be extended.

The construction is complicated and the operating costs are high.

To increase capacity, the device must be made larger.

For washing solid material in pieces, there are devices with a washing trough divided by means of transverse walls into several cells arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the trough.

The material is slowly introduced from the inner tube with “jellies of objectively designed rotating arms, which lift the material from one cell to the next. Each cell has an inlooos and an outlet means. Consequently, the solid material is washed in new washing liquid in each cell.

Disadvantages are that said arms transporting the solid material can crush and damage the material, so the device can only be used for washing special materials. In addition, the system with arms is a complicated construction.

Such rotating cylinder washers are used to treat fruit. The material to be washed is transported by the flowing washing liquid. Mechanical contaminants, such as sand and the like, fall through eels in the drum, while the liquid material, @ X @ mP9lVï $ Sïåäït i fl o '15 20 25 50 55: ao 8002120-7 4 vessels and the like, transported away on the water surface. When washing hard fruits, screens are changed in the direction of the flow in the cylindrical casing, which rotate and transport the fruits. Soft fruits are washed and transported from the inlet to the outlet of the water flowing through the device or injected into it.

Disadvantages are that this device can only be used for washing fruit and that the arms make the construction complicated.

Rotary screen drums are used for grain size classification of solid, granular or lumpy materials. Devices of one of the most common types comprise a screen drum, in which the screen frame is attached to a self-supporting frame. The geometric longitudinal axis of the cylindrical drum tilts slightly towards the horizontal plane and the drum rotates about this axis. The material intended for screening is inserted into the drum and passes downwards through it towards the outlet at the same time as a part of the material falls through the screening openings. A device of another known type with a rotating screen drum is the prismatic screen, which has a polygonal, for example hexagonal or octagonal, cross section.

Disadvantages of screen drums are that only a quarter to a sixth of the surface works, so the capacity is low. The material intended for classification is arranged at an angle in the drum and consequently more energy is required for the rotation of the drum.

At too low a rotational speed, the material layer becomes too thick, as on the other hand the grains are pressed into the screen openings at too high a speed and thus cause clogging. The object of the present invention is a device for filtering slurries, suspensions and similar, for example sticky, fatty materials by means of gravity.

The filtration is carried out at normal pressure, under overpressure or under pressure for washing solid material in pieces and for grain size classification of solid, granular material by means of gravity, which device - in addition to having a simple construction - eliminates the disadvantages of currently known, similar devices, in which the material is subjected to a gentle treatment during filtration and screening so that it is not crushed, decomposed or worn. The device according to the invention requires only small space and works with favorable parameters, for example low energy consumption, high specific separation capacity, etc. It is not sensitive to clogging and can be easily operated and cleaned.

The invention is based on the observation that the residence time of the material to be treated in a rotating, polygonal, hollow body provided with perforated walls, i.e. walls forming a filter or a screen, can be substantially extended if the material is reciprocating motion while being advanced through said rotating hollow body; secondly, that the material can be prevented from sticking to the walls partly by said movement and partly by the walls periodically changing position, n 'm - even from vertical to horizontal position and vice versa; and partly that the material, due to said reciprocating movement, constantly cleans the filter, whereby this is continuously regenerated, whereby maximum specific surface area is constantly ensured, which in turn leads to the filtration and screening efficiency being optimal.

On the basis of these observations, the object according to the present invention is solved with a device comprising a rotatable, hollow body, the walls of which are at least partially perforated, a means for feeding the material to be treated into the interior of the hollow body and means for discharging the separated the components from the hollow body. The device is characterized in that the hollow crown pin comprises two sections, the first of which consists of a drum in the shape of a truncated cone or truncated pyramid, the axis of symmetry of which is arranged horizontally or almost horizontally, which drum is rotatably arranged around said horizontal or almost horizontal longitudinal geometric axis of symmetry and having side walls formed at least in part by sieves or filters; of a feed tube passing through the smaller end end of the drum into the interior of the drum; in that the larger end end of the drum is provided with an opening eccentrically arranged in relation to said shaft; and the second of said two sections consists of at least three hollow oratory bodies rigidly connected and communicating with each other and so connected to the first section. that they can be rotated together therewith, the side walls in this second section being formed at least in part by sieves or filters and the geometric lugs of the prismatic bodies together forming a zigzag line or a similar line and cutting the axis of symmetry of the drum outside the drum, the axis of symmetry of the drum being the common axis of rotation of the two sections.

The advantages of this device can be summarized as follows: No constant and uniform layer of material can be formed in any section of the hollow body, for as a result of the rotation of the body the solid material is caused to perform movements in different directions, simultaneously as it slides forward and backward repeatedly over the flat surfaces. As a result of this movement, the residence time of the material in the hollow body is extremely long.

In addition, the material continuously cleans the filter surface, which is thereby continuously renewed, ie, the device is self-cleaning. No cleaning of the filter surface and associated additional measures or devices is required. As a result, a filtration can be performed in the device according to the invention with a less specific filter surface than in traditional filtration devices.

The main part of the continuous separation and / or washing can be carried out in the first section of the device, i.e., in the hollow drum, while the final dewatering and leaching including the continuous and uniform discharge of the solid material can be effected in the second section. This means that the complicated technical measures can be carried out in one and the same device instead of, as previously required, in a number of different devices. This saves space in that the device according to the invention is smaller than previously known devices for the same purpose and with the same capacity, ie, the specific felling (1 / min / m2) is greater than in previously known filters, in which the filtration is effected by means of of gravity. The device according to the invention can be connected directly to the source of the material to be treated, because it does not require a separate transfer means. These are often quite complicated.

Due to the fact that the solid material performs movements in different directions, the device exerts a buffering effect (compensating effect) and as a result any occurring difficulties in feeding material are compensated, ie, the device is not sensitive to uneven feeding. 10 45 20 25 50 55 40 7 8002129-7 The rotating, hollow body treats the material gently. Consequently, no solid material is forced through the filter openings. The material does not break down and its surfaces remain intact. Consequently, separation of grit-like pulps, suspensions, washing and cleaning of solid material in pieces can be carried out in the device even if a fundamental requirement is that the solid material must not be damaged during the treatment.

Depending on the amount of washing water, different washes can be performed in the device. Because the filter is designed as a grid, a net or a sieve, can the main amount of washing, for example 80-90%, be carried out quickly and the more coarse-grained contaminants (soil, gravel, etc.) removed? immediately. Additional washing can be performed with the internal washing device and during downtime purified solid material can be dewatered. If the washing water that drains from the second section is less polluted, it can be recycled to the first section per the coarser wash, which is important with regard to water economy.

The residence time of the solid material in the hollow body can be varied within wide limits depending on how fast the hollow body rotates, the geometric dimensions and design of the device and consequently most operations can be performed in the device.

The advantages of the device according to the invention can be summarized as follows: The fraction with the smallest grain size - which constitutes the main mass of the material in the first section of the hollow body which rotates at a uniform angular velocity - nasals through the sieve (mantle surface) while retaining the solid material slides down towards the inlet opening to the second section. During the rotation of the second section - the second section forms a zigzag-shaped tube composed of hollow, polygonal prisms - the continuously arriving mass of material is forced to perform movements in several directions - forwards / backwards - and is divided continuously. As a result, the residence time in the hollow body is extended and the grain size classification or separation is completed. On the other hand, the screen surface is scraped off by the solid material which performs movements in several directions, sliding on the inner surface, thereby preventing clogging, i.e., the screen surface is constantly renewed and the device is consequently self-cleaning. The material is continuously discharged by the rotating, hollow body and consequently no complicated devices are needed for this purpose. In this way, a material layer of constant and uniform thickness is formed in the hollow body and no accumulation of the material takes place. The separation of each fraction and component takes place in one and the same device. According to the invention, a less specific surface area is required for a device with the same capacity than has previously been possible with similar devices. The specific capacity (kg / min / m2) per sill unit can be larger, ie, the space requirement of the device is smaller. The material which is fed on the screen surface in several directions exerts a sustaining effect which compensates for any irregularities in the material supply and consequently the device is not sensitive to uneven feeding. The input of the material into the hollow body and its output therefrom takes place gently, ie, the material grains and pieces do not decompose on the screen surface, they remain intact and consequently the separation, grain size classification and cleaning of the granule or solid material can be broken into pieces. is achieved with the device according to the invention, when it is a fundamental requirement that the material is not damaged during processing.

If the individual parts of the mantle of the hollow body consist of a screen cloth with different mesh openings so that the sieve in the drum in the first section has the smallest mesh opening and the strainers in the prismatic bodies in the second section have an increasing mesh opening in the direction of outlet, the mass of material can be continuously classified into a plurality of fractions in one and the same device. A further advantage is that the residence time of the solid material in the device can be varied with the rotational speed of the hollow body and consequently the most different treatments can be carried out with one and the same device only by varying said rotational speed. The field of application can be further increased by varying the geometric characteristics of the hollow body (eg angles of inclination and cross sections). The strainer plates are easily replaceable. The specific energy consumption of the device is lower than previously known devices? and Due to the relatively low rotational speed, the vibrations transmitted to the foundation are negligible. The noise level during operation 10 15 20 25 50 55 40 9 8002120-7 is low and dust formation is negligible. The design of the device is simple and it does not contain any parts that wear out quickly, which is why production and operating costs are low.

The invention will be described in more detail with the aid of some exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 schematically shows a vertical section through the longitudinal axis of symmetry in a preferred embodiment of the filtering device.

Fig. 2 shows a cross section along the line B-B 1 Fig. 5 shows a section along the line C-C in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 shows a section along lines DD II Fig. 5 shows a section along the line EE in Fig. 1, but for the sake of clarity, Figs. 3-5 have the cover __: * ü F. "å a J. o and other parts omitted.

Fig. 6 shows, in the same way as in Fig. 1, a device similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1 but intended for washing.

Fig. 7 schematically shows the filtration part in the device according to Sig. 1 on a smaller scale.

Fig. 8 shows schematically and simplified the path of movement of the mass of material in the device indicated in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 shows in the same way as in rig. 1 a device similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1 but intended for grain size classification of solid, granular material.

Finally, Fig. 10 shows a detail of an alternative embodiment to the device shown in Fig. 9.

In Figs. 1-5, the casing around the filtration device is denoted by 1. This is provided with a flat bottom plate 2, end ends 3, 4, side walls 5, 6 (see Fig. 2) and lid 7. The bottom plate 2 is designed as a collection trough. A hollow body 8 is arranged in the housing 1. The hollow body 8 consists of two sections I and II arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the device. Section I comprises a drum 9 in the form of a truncated pyramid whose axis of symmetry is arranged in the horizontal plane. Section II includes three hollow, polygonal. prismatic bodies 10, 11, 12. The drum 9 and the prismatic bodies 10, 11 and 12 are rigidly connected to each other and communicate with each other. They have a common geometric axis of rotation X, which is indicated in Fig. 1 by a dashed line.

Depending on the function for which the device is intended, watering, filtration and leaching take place in the first section I, while leaching, dewatering and discharging of the solid material take place in the second section. section II.

The smaller end end 15 of the drum 9 is arranged next to the end end 5 of the housing 1. The larger end end 14 of the drum 9 faces the interior of the housing 1. The end ends 1š and 14 of the drum 9 have a regular hexagonal shape. They are vertically arranged and made of non-perforated flat sheets. In the larger end end 14 there is an opening 15 with a regular hexagonal shape. This opening is arranged eccentrically in said end gable 1% so that its two adjacent sides 15a and 15b coincide with the adjacent sides of the end gable 14 (see Fig. 2). The opening 15 suitably has a surface area which is at most half of the surface area of the larger end end 14. In the smaller end end 15 of the drum 9 there is a centrally arranged opening 16, through which the tube 17 protrudes into the interior of the drum 9. The tube 17 is intended for the introduction of material, for example a porridge-like material which is to be filtered or cleaned, and the tube 17 also passes through the end end 5 of the housing 1, in which it is attached. In addition, the tube 17 acts as a vertical axis of rotation for the drum 9 and for this purpose the tube 17 fits into a bearing 54, mounted on the smaller end end 15 of the drum 9. The side surfaces of the drum 9 consist at least in part of filters 18 of suitable construction. The same or similar type of filter consists of at least some of the side surfaces of the prismatic bodies 10, 14 and 12. It is suitable that these filters consist of filter plates interchangeably mounted on frames in the drum 9 or on the polygonal prismatic bodies. The first of the polygonal prismatic bodies, namely the body 10, which forms part of the hollow body 8 in the second section 11, is rigidly connected to the opening 15 in the drum 9 in such a way that its geometric longitudinal axis X4 forms a angle of pq with the horizontal plane and the axis X4 intersects the common, horizontal, geometric axis of rotation X outside the drum 9. The geometric longitudinal axis X2 of the next P0lF ~ gonal prismatic body, namely the body 11, forms an angle of az with the horizontal plane, while the longitudinal axis xn of the polygonal prismatic body 12 forms the angle with the horizontal plane in such a way that the geometric planes X, X2 and Xn together form a '10 45 20 .25 50 55 40 q fl 8002123-7 ziok-zack line or similar line. In this way, the geometric rotating geometric longitudinal axes X2 and Kn also intersect the axis of rotation X outside the drum 9. Consequently, the helical, polygonal, prismatic bodies 40-42 are true-bound in a zioc-zack-like arrangement and, of course, have a common "" V 'In as well as interior space and can be rotated together with drums 2.

«The polygonal, prismatic body 42 which is furthest from the drum 9 opens into a housing 20, which is not outside its entire periphery. An opening iQ in the housing 20 and the mat body 42 are centrally located in the housing 20.

The housing 20 is provided with screens 22 and 25, we arranged the distance k from each other, and fixed but bolts 21 to each other. In the screen 25 there is the above-mentioned Upnnirg ~ i 19, in which the last prismatic body 42 opens. Incidentally, the body 12 is partly connected to the screen 2% by means of a ring bracket in the periphery of the opening 19.

At the end of the housing 4, semicircular spokes 25 and 26 are attached to the bottom 2 and the lid 7, respectively. Elven circular walls extend into the interior of the housing 1 and surround a cell 27. Said housing 20 is arranged in this cell 27. at its outer screen 22 a tubular shaft 28 is rigidly grounded. From the cell 27, a pipe socket 42 exits, through which the solid material is discharged from the device.

The tubular shaft 28 is mounted in the end end 4 of the housing 1.

A sprocket 50 is mounted on the shaft 28 and a driving chain 51 runs over the sprocket 50. The chain 54 is driven by a sprocket E2, which in turn is mounted on the shaft Z of an electric motor. Both the inner and the outer surface of the filter <8 in the device illustrated in Fig. 4 can be washed. If the device was used for washing (cleaning) of solid material in pieces, in the form of fibers, granules or pulp, an internal washing device 46 was used for this purpose. The water for the internal washing is introduced in the direction of the arrow a through a pipe E5, which passes through the housing 20 and opens into distribution pipes 36, 5? and 58, which travel in the geometric axes xn, x2 and x4 of the polygonal prismatic bodies 12, 44 and 10, respectively, which manifolds continue with the manifold 59 in drums 9. Spray nozzles 40 are mounted on the manifolds 25-39, which in their luck is connected to each other via nwivel-cooplings # 1.

The whole inner washing device is designated, as indicated above, by the reference numeral 46. For the outer washing line, the water in the direction of the arrow b begins in the direction of the arrow b in the distribution pipe 45, which is arranged over the hollow body 8 and which is provided with spray nozzles 44. The outer washing device is denoted by the reference numeral 47.

At the lowest point of the bottom plate 2 there is a pipe connection 45, through which the waste water (filtrate) can be removed from the device.

As shown in Figs. 5-5, the hollow, polygonal, prismatic bodies 10-12 regularly maintain a hexagonal cross-section, but the cross-section becomes smaller and smaller from the seed drum 9 towards the housing 20.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 6 substantially corresponds to that illustrated in Figs. 4-5. Accordingly, the details already described are denoted by the same reference symbols as in Figs. 1-5. The difference between the two embodiments lies partly in the construction of the internal washing device and partly in the way of removing the wastewater. The device according to Fig. 6 is primarily intended for cleaning solid material in pieces by washing or leaching, for example of solid granular material and / or fibrous material from a porridge-like mass. The inner washing device consists of two parts, namely 48 and 49. The part 48 is arranged inside the hollow, polygonal, prismatic bodies 40, 11 and 12 in the hollow body 8, i.e., in the second section II. The part consists of distribution pipes 56, 57 and 58 and inlet pipes 55. The distribution pipes are provided with spray nozzles 40 and connected to each other via swivel couplings 41. For the internal washing of the drum 9, i.e., the first section I, the second part 49 of the internal washing device is used. This includes a tube 50 which terminates with a nozzle 54 or similar device. This nozzle e.d. is arranged concentrically in an inlet pipe 52 in the interior of the drum 9. A curved plate 55 is arranged to change the flow direction of the washing water injected through the nozzle 50. The longitudinal axes of the tubes 50 and 52 coincide with the geometric axis of rotation X of the device. The bottom plate 2 consists of two trough-shaped parts 2a and 2b and at their lowest points there are downwardly directed pipe spouts 54 and 55. The bottom plate 2a is arranged below the second section II of the hollow body 8. .

The bottom plate 2b is arranged below the drum 9, i.e., under the first section I. The bottom plates 2a and 2b are consequently 10 '; intended for collecting the filter as a separator: in these two sections. The device according to Fig. 6 is intended for washing, where larger amounts of water are required than is the case when using the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1-5, and for this purpose the supply of the water for the internal washing is divided into two parts. The larger amount of wash water is supplied through the pipe 50 due to the fact that a larger amount of contaminant is separated from the surface of the drum 9. This more polluted water can be removed * from the bottom plate 2b through the pipe connection 55 and led from this to the channel 57 or also to a processing plant, whereby the pump 56 is used. the filtrate is diverted through pipes 58, 59 containing valves 57a and fia, respectively.

The relatively less contaminated filtrate (wash water), which departs from the second section II, is collected on the bottom plate 2a and discharges through the pipe spout 54 and pipes 60, 64.

From the pipe 61 the water flows into a channel 62 due to the weight crate. From the pipe 60 the water flows into a recirculation pipe 64 and is pumped by means of a pump 65 into the pipe 50. In the pipes 60, 61 and 64 there are valves 60a , 64a and 64a, respectively. A pipe 65 with the valve 65a for supplying clean washing water is likewise connected to the pipe 50. For the external washing, the same type of washing order was used as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, namely the washing device 47.

The devices according to Figs. 4-5 and 6 are closed. Such closed devices are recommended when the material to be treated has such a temperature that remorse leaves the liquid. In the closed construction, the cover 7 prevents steam from escaping. The steam is condensed and the condensate flows down the walls and leaves together with the washing water and the filtrate. A subsequent wetting of the dewatered solid material which is discharged into the housing 20 is prevented partly by the lid 7 and partly by the semicircular walls 25 and 26, the inner diameter of which is smaller than the screens 22 and 25 in the housing 20. The front surfaces reach the screens 25 and the semicircular walls 25 and 26 overlap during rotation.

The device according to Fig. 4 is used for dewatering suspensions, porridge-like materials and the like, i.e., filtration of solid material from liquid, as follows: The material intended for treatment is inserted in the direction of the arrow c through the tube 17 into the interior of the drum 9. The hollow body 8 is rotated by the motor 55 at a uniform angular velocity ml about the geometric longitudinal axis x. In the drum 9 a substantial part of the liquid phase is separated, which passes through the filter 18 which forms the jacket 9 of the drum 9 and flows down on the base plate 2. , from which it continues down to the pipe spigot 45. The retained solid material, the moisture content of which can still be considerable, slides continuously on the inner surface of the filter 18 towards the high horizontal opening 15. Thus a substantial part of the continuous separation of the solid from the liquid in the first section I.

In the second section II, i.e., in the polygonal prismatic bodies 10, 11 and 12 arranged in a zigzag line, as a result of the rotation the wet mass is fed continuously from the first section I. During the further rotation the mass is divided uninterrupted, a movement is imparted in two directions, namely forward and backward, and at the same time it slides backwards repeatedly back on the flat surfaces from a certain height. As a result of this composite movement, the material cannot accumulate in a constant layer of uniform thickness either in the first section or in the second. The movement pattern of the mass of material in the hollow body 8 is illustrated in Fig. 8, in addition it represents the angular velocity of the rotation. During said composite movement, the material continuously cleans the inside of the filter 18, prevents clogging of the filter, in other words, the filter surface is constantly renewed, i.e., the device is self-cleaning and no special cleaning of the filter surface is required.

In comparison with what is the case in other conventional devices for similar purposes, the device according to the invention specifically needs a smaller filter surface, at a given capacity.

Another result of the composite movement of the material is that the residence time of the material in the hollow body 8 is extended, thereby increasing the dewatering efficiency. Weaning to the required degree can be achieved in the second section II during the long residence time of the material therein. 40 15 20 25 50 55 40 “15 8002120-7 -v As a further result of the composite movement described above, a buffer effect is achieved, i.e., any irregularities in the material feed are compensated. As a result, the device is not sensitive to uneven input.

Only dewatering has been described above. The inner and outer washing devices 46 and A7, respectively, have not been used. These are used only after the dewatering 1 has been completed in order to flush in the wood 48. The inner In the case of washing of solid material in pieces or leaching of valuable solids of some kind from a mass of material, the device can be cut in the manner indicated above, but in addition, the internal washer 46 is operated continuously. In the first section I, depending on the design of the filter 48 (screen, screen, grid), a substantial part (even SO%) of the washing or separation can be carried out and the immediate reading of coarse-grained contaminants (gravel, soil, etc.) can be carried out. by means of the distribution pipe 59 in the internal washing device 46 and with the spray nozzles 40 mounted thereon. In the second section, the purification or separation is completed with the water initiated through the spray pipes 56, 37 and 58 provided with the spray nozzle 40. on the other hand, the water supply is interrupted, the final surface dewatering of the solid material can also be effected: in the second section II.

In cases where large amounts of washing water are required, the device illustrated in Fig. 6 is used. The main part of the washing water is introduced in the first section I through the pipe 50 in the inner washing device 49, since separation of contaminants and decisive proportions of the valuable material takes place here. Clean water is introduced into the internal washing device 48, 49 (the latter of which belongs to the second section) in the direction of the arrow a (see Fig. 4). Bites for cleaning or washing are added in the direction of the arrow c. Water for the outer wash fl the north ridge A7 is supplied in the direction b of the arrow, and the discharge of the moving material takes place in the direction of the arrow e. 'Jattnetc for flow through the filter 18 is marked with arrows d. Of course a 10 15 20 25 50 I 35 40 8ÛÛ212Û' 77 16 smaller amount of wash water is introduced through the internal washing device H8 in the second section II. This wash water discharged through the nozzle 54 is substantially less contaminated than that discharged through the nozzle 55 from the first section. Accordingly, the wash water leaving the bounce 54 can be used for washing in the first section I. The water departing from the second section II is consequently recycled through the pipe 64 to the pipe 50 in the washing device 49 in the direction of the arrow. This saves water, which makes the process economical.

Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention, which is used for size grading of solid, granular material, or for removing contaminants from such material. The most important parts of the arrangement according to Fig. 9 are substantially identical to those described above: in connection with Figs. 1 and 6. The hollow body 8 is also in this case divided into two sections, namely I and II. Section I consists of a drum 9 in the form of a hexagonal, truncated pyramid with its axis of symmetry arranged horizontally. Section II contains three elongated, hollow, hieragonal prisms 10, 11 and 12 whose cavities communicate with each other. These and the drum are rotatably arranged and rigidly connected to each other. They have a common horizontal axis of rotation X.

The hollow body 8 is also in this case arranged longitudinally in the interior 125 of a closed housing 1. The housing 1 is provided with end ends 105 and 104, side walls and a zigzag-shaped bottom plate 102 and the housing is closed at the top with a lid 107 The end ends 15 and 14 of the drum 9 are made of unperforated flat plate and the opening 15 in the larger end end 14 is arranged eccentrically in relation to the longitudinal geometric axis x. , X2 and Xn, respectively, and they form with the horizontal plane the angles dq, az and an, respectively. From Fig. 9 it is clear that the axes X1, X2 ... kn here form a zigzag line and they intersect the geometric longitudinal axis x of the drum 9 outside the drum.

The eccentric opening in the drum 9 has the same shape and is arranged in the same way as the corresponding opening in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2. In the smaller end end 13 of the drum 9 there is a central island opening 116, through which a horizontally fixed tube 117 protrudes into the interior of the drum 9. The tube 117 is mounted in bearing 118 in the central opening 116 in the end end 15. In this way, the tube 117 can also be used as a rotation shaft for the entire hollow body 8. In the tube 117 there is a feed screw 119 and at the upper outer part of the tube 117 is arranged a filling funnel 120.

The shaft 122 of the feed screw 119 is connected to a drive device 121. the last hollow prism 12 in the section 11 of the hollow body 8. The disc 151 is arranged by means of bolts 153 parallel to the disc 152 at the distance k therefrom. In a central opening 124 in the disc 151, the prism 12 terminates. The shaft 134 is rigidly connected to the disc 132. The shaft 154 is mounted in bearings in the end end 104 of the housing 101. This shaft is concentric with the longitudinal axis of symmetry X, i.e., the axis of rotation. axeln / 1 \ _ kf \ __. I -1 154 are connected to the drive device 150. Consequently, the discs 131 and 132 together form a housing 156 which is open along its entire periphery and rotatable with the hollow crown 8. Under the housing 156 a pipe connection 15? out of the casing 101 downwards in order to discharge the remaining material out of the hollow body 8 (as the last fraction).

The walls of the drum 9 and the walls of the nozzles 10, 11 and 12 are made as strainers 123a ... 125d. The mesh opening in these strainers may be the same but may also decrease gradually or in each part from the inlet 116 towards the outlet 124.

The device according to Fig. 9 operates as follows: The granular material to be subjected to size classification or washing is fed into the hopper 120 in the direction of the arrow a and is guided by the feed screw 119 into the drum 9. The latter rotates together with the hollow prisms at a uniform angular velocity. . Fine particles pass through the openings in the screen 125a, which form the mantle surface of the drum, and fall into the trough 125a in the direction of the arrows b. The fraction thus separated is transported away with the screw 127, which is rotatably arranged in the tube 126. The main amount of the material or the fraction with the smallest particles is separated in the first section I while the material slides downwards over the screen towards the hexagonal opening 15 and via this in in the hollow prism 10 in the second section II - 10 15 20i .25 50 55 40 8002120-7 18 The sieve prisms 10-12 arranged in a zigzag line together constitute the second section II. The solid material continuously fed through the opening 15 from drums 9, which rotates about the axis x at an angular velocity, is forced to perform a continuous reciprocating movement during its feed through section II, thus dividing the material (see arrows c in Fig. 9). and undergoes classification.

The movement pattern of the material in the device according to Fig. 9 is substantially identical to that shown in Fig. 8. As a result of this composite movement, the residence time of the material in the hollow body 8 is significantly extended and the size classification can consequently be carried out in one and the same device. The material that repeatedly slides to the hook and performs a complicated movement on the inside of the screens, cleans them, exposes the screen surfaces and prevents clogging.

The material with the largest grain size or waste to be separated is discharged from the second section at a constant rate through the opening 124. If the mesh opening in the sieves 125a-125d decreases from the inlet to the outlet, the granular material or the solid material in pieces are divided into several fractions in one and the same device. Material falling into the trough 125b is transported away with the feed screw 129, which is rotatably arranged in the tube 128, while the material departing from the last prism 12 in the housing 136 departs from the device through the tube 137.

In many industrial sectors, it may be necessary to chop up the material before sizing. This is done according to the present invention in a separate crusher. In the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in Fig. 10, a crusher 158 is arranged inside the drum 9. The solid material to be crushed is inserted in the direction of the arrow into the interior 159 of the crusher, in which it is crushed by the the rotating part 140. The crushed material is fed into the drum 9 with a grain size determined by perforations 141. In the hollow body 8 the size classification takes place in the manner described above in connection with Fig. 9.

Connected to the device illustrated in Fig. 10 is a member (not shown in Fig. 10), by means of which the geometry axis X in the hollow body 8 can be rotated to an angle 3 upwards or downwards calculated from the horizontal plane. In this way, the residence time of the solid material in the device can be regulated (extended or shortened). It should be noted that the holding time can also be regulated by varying the rotational speed.

Of course, the geometry of the device can be varied as desired, but depending on the construction, different features can be implemented. As an example, the angles eq may be the same or different from each other. The cross sections of the prisms 10, 44 and 12 may be mutually equal, but they may also vary in such a way that the cross sections increase or decrease in the direction through the device in which the material is intended to move.

The number of prisms forming the second section II may be more than three, their cross section may have another heragonal shape. Likewise, the shape of the drum 9 is not limited to a hexagonal, truncated pyramid.

The device according to Figs. 9 and 40 can be used in many industrial areas, for example in the pharmaceutical industry, the food industry, the chemical industry and the agricultural industry, wherever continuous selection of granules of suitable grain size is often required because grains below or above a given size are not desirable.

The device according to the invention is to a large extent suitable not only for size classification but also for cleaning solid material in pieces. Size classification is not always necessary. In the pharmaceutical industry, for example, it is often sufficient to remove certain components, such as waste wood, pieces of paper, cartons or other packaging material, components that stick together, etc., from the main mass of the material. In this case, all the screens 125a-125d in Fig. 9 have one and the same mesh opening and the whole amount of purified material passes through the screens, while the retained impure components are discharged from the device through the opening 124.

Finally, the device according to the invention will be described so that it can be used for some other possible uses.

The colloidal solid contained in wastewater can be rationally recovered with the device according to the invention. Gel-colloidal materials with protein content are obtained from many plants, for example from slaughterhouses. These can be separated from the liquid after appropriate chemical or physical pretreatment. They become further processable and separable from the liquid phase with the device according to the present invention. The moisture content of the valuable material retained on the filter 48 can be reduced to a minimum by gravity, and the wet, solid material can be dried in the device.

Many uses for the device according to the invention offer themselves in the pharmaceutical industry. An example is the treatment of extracted organic residues, namely organic fragments with a moisture content of about 80%. These must be collected after extraction of the animal organs, partly for environmental reasons, and partly because they must be used. Separation of organ fragments from the liquid obtained as a result of the extraction can be carried out with the device according to the invention. The material is fed into the storage container and / or the dryer and the treatment can be carried out in a continuous operation with little space requirements.

The device according to the invention is also suitable for the separation of extracted and / or solvent-free, ground medicinal plants.

By continuous filtration with the device according to the invention, it is possible to separate liquid from slaughterhouse waste with a high protein content and - if necessary - to feed the product into a device for its further processing, for example a dryer.

Furthermore, mechanical contaminants, such as lumps and fibers, can be continuously filtered off from wastewater of other origins.

The device according to the invention can also be used in the food industry, for example in the processing of tomatoes, in the production of starch and sugar, in fruit processing and fruit juice production.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but can be varied and modified in many ways, without therefore departing from the inventive idea or exceeding the scope of the following claims. It should be noted that although the filtration in the above example is carried out by gravity, the device can also be used to advantage for pressure filtration or filtration in vacuum, provided that this is required for a given purpose, or if the filtration in a given case is more economical or more efficient under these conditions. Materials other than those mentioned above can also be filtered, washed or subjected to sizing in the device according to the invention, and a plurality of construction solutions which differ from the embodiments described above are possible without atim; exceeds the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. 0 15 20 25 50 55 8002120-7 gg Claims 1. Device for filtering slurries, suspensions and the like or for purifying solid material in pieces, by washing and / or separating lumps, fibers and the like. from wet, in particular porridge-like material, or for size classification of solid material into pieces, and / or separation of solid components, for example impurities, from such materials, which device comprises on the one hand a rotatably arranged rotatably arranged device body (8), in which at least some eido walls are perforated, partly means (17) for feeding the material to be treated into the hollow body (8), partly means (42) for discharging treated material, and partly - where applicable - washing devices (46,47), characterized in that the hollow body (8) is divided into two sections (I, II) of which the first comprises a drum (9) in the form of a truncated pyramid or truncated cone rotatably arranged about its horizontally arranged axis of symmetry (X) and whose side surfaces, at least in part, consist of screens (125a-125d) or filters (18), and that a feed tube (17) enters the drum ( 9) inner through its smaller end end (15) and its larger end end (14) is provided with an opening (15) eccentrically arranged relative to the axis of symmetry (X) of the drum, and the second section (II) comprises at least three hollow prisms (10-12) rigidly connected with each other and with their cavities arranged in series, the prism (10) closest to the drum (9) being rigidly connected to the opening (15) in the larger end end of the drum, so that the drum and the prisms together form said hollow body (8), each - the walls of the prisms are at least partly constituted by sieves (125b, c, d) or filters (18), and their longitudinal axes (x¿, x2, rn) together form a zigzag line or similar linge which said axis of symmetry (X), and wherein the hollow body (8) is rotatably arranged about said axis of symmetry (X), which is the common axis of rotation of the two sections (I, II). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the hollow body (8 there is a washing device (46) in case the device is used for filtration or washing; - which washing device (46 ) comprises rotating manifolds (36,37,38) rotatable with the hollow body (8) arranged concentrically with the symmetry axes (x1, x2, xn) of the hollow prisms (10-12) connected to swivel couplings (41) and provided with spray nozzles and the like. (40): - wherein a distribution pipe (39) arranged in the drum (9) and provided with spray nozzles (40) is connected by means of a swivel coupling (41) with one end of it to the distribution pipe (38) in the prism ( 10) and with its other end by means of another swivel coupling (41) fastened inside the drum (9), the distribution pipe (36) located furthest from the drum (9) being arranged for feeding washing liquid into the washing device (46). ) or that a pipe (50) is arranged to feed into the drum (9) the main quantity - for 80-90% - of all the washing liquid intended for feeding into the hollow body (8); which tube (50) is preferably concentrically arranged in a tube (52) for feeding the material to be treated and wherein a curved screen (53) is arranged just in front of the mouth of the tube (50) in the drum (9) , which tube (50) is provided with a nozzle (51) or similar means; - said hollow body (8) being enclosed in a casing (1) - when the device is used for filtration or washing - the bottom of the casing consisting of a plate (2) sloping towards at least one place, where a member, preferably a pipe fitting (45, 55) is arranged to divert the filtrate, which bottom plate (2) slopes in two directions towards each one a place under the first section (I) and the second section (II), respectively; which bounce (45,55) is located at the lowest point of the bottom plate (2) and is connected to a pipe (64) provided with a pump (63) for recirculating the filtrate from the bottom plate (2,2a) below the second section ( II) to the drum (0); Which drum (9) has the shape of a truncated pyramid with a regular hexagonal cross-section; and the prisms (10,11,12) have regular hexagonal cross section; - preferably each of the prisms (10, 11, 12) has one and the same cross section along the entire length of the prisms in question; or the cross sections of the prisms gradually decrease in the direction from the location of the feed of the material to be treated to the location of the output of the last grain fraction; - the shape and size of the eccentric opening (15) in the larger end end (14) of the drum (9) being identical to the shape and size of the cross section of the end of the prism (10) connected to the drum (9); - wherein the periphery of the eccentric opening (15) in the larger end end (14) partially coincides with the periphery of said end end (14); wherein said larger end end (14) and said eccentric opening (15) therein are regular hexagons and two sides (15a, 15b) of the eccentric opening (15) coincide with corresponding two sides in said larger end end (14) ; wherein the angles @ <1, ül2, oLn) between the geometric axes of symmetry of the prisms (10, 11,12) (x1, x2, xn) and the horizontal plane are substantially equal to each other; - or gradually reduced from the drum (9) towards the outlet- Pet; which filter (18) is designed as a grid and / or a screen and / or a screen, and is preferably interchangeably mounted on frames; and wherein the prism (12) located furthest from the drum (9) opens into a housing (20, 136) or the like, which is rigidly connected and rotatable with the hollow body (8). Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the housing (20) - when the device is used for filtration or washing - is provided with vertical screens (22, 23) at a distance (k) from each other, which housing (20) ) is arranged inside the housing (1) at the end thereof which is opposite to that in which the drum (9) is arranged and which housing (20) is enclosed in a cell (27) surrounded on one side by the semicircle. 15 20 25 §O 55 40 as 8002120- shaped walls (25,26) and at the other side of the casing (1) end gable (4), said housing (ZO) at the bottom; is provided with a pipe connection (42) or similar means arranged to divert the solid phase from the housing (1); ~ wherein, for example, a central shaft (E8.1š4) connected to a gear is attached to the outer shield (22,1ï2, which shaft is mounted in bearings (29,1š5) suitably on the right ”101) end end (4); - wherein said semicircular walls (25, 26) overlap the periphery of the inner screen (25) and the discharge opening (19) for the material is centrally arranged in said inner screen (25). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing (š4,118) is fastened in the trun no. (9 smaller end end (15), the hollow body (8) being arranged rotatably about a tube (17,117) for feeding the material to be treated, which tube (17,147) is mounted in said bearing (54) and arranged concentrically at said axis of rotation (x); f - suitably both end ends (9, 4) of the drum (9) A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by an external washing device (47) - when the device is used for filtration or washing - which washing device (47) is arranged above the hollow body (8) and comprises a distribution pipe (4ï) suitably provided with one or more spray nozzles (44) 6. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hollow body (8) is inside the cavity (101) - when the device is used as a sieve, the bottom plate (102) of said casing being zigzag-shaped and lines form one or more troughs (125a, 125b) or the like; which troughs (125a, 125b) or the like in the housing (161) are located under the first (I) and the second (II) sections of the hollow body (8) sections, respectively; and wherein a means is preferably arranged in the 1 ç- lf CS. the lower part of each of the troughs (125a, 125b) for removing the filtered filter (s), which means are, for example, feed screws (^ 27,1ÉG) suitably arranged in outlet pipes (126,128) or similar; 7 do. Which embodiment is preferably provided with a crusher arranged inside the drum (9), - which crusher is suitably provided with a crusher nuvua (138) consisting of a perforated plate (139) and a rotating crushing member. (140). Device according to claim 4 or 6, comprising a means for feeding the material, suitably a feed screw (419), arranged in the feed pipe (17, 14?), Characterized - provided with a filling funnel (120) or the like, 8. Device according to one of Claims 1, 2, 6 and 7, characterized in that the sieves (125a-fi âšd) on the drum, (9) and on the prisms (40,11,12) have the same mesh opening. Device according to one of Claims 1, 2, 6 and 7, characterized in that the sieves (12ša- fi âši) reach the drum (9) and on the prisms (40,41,12) have an increasing mesh opening calculated from that for treatment inlet of the material towards the outlet of the fraction retained in the hollow body (8), the mesh openings in certain parts of the hollow body (8) being suitably identical. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a means arranged to rotate the geometric axis (s) of symmetry of the hollow body (8) in relation to the horizontal plane.