SA520420653B1 - Shingled Solar Cell Module - Google Patents

Abstract

A high efficiency configuration for a solar cell module comprises solar cells conductively bonded to each other in a shingled manner to form super cells, which may be arranged to efficiently use the area of the solar module, reduce series resistance, and increase module efficiency. The front surface metallization patterns on the solar cells may be configured to enable single step stencil printing, which is facilitated by the overlapping configuration of the solar cells in the super cells. A solar photovoltaic system may comprise two or more such high voltage solar cell modules electrically connected in parallel with each other and to an inverter. Solar cell cleaving tools and solar cell cleaving methods apply a vacuum between bottom surfaces of a solar cell wafer and a curved supporting surface to flex the solar cell wafer against the curved supporting surface and thereby cleave the solar cell wafer along one or more previously prepared scribe lines to provide a plurality of solar c

Description

roofed solar cell sang

Shingled Solar Cell Module Full Description Background of the invention This application is a partial application of the original application No. 516380384 filed on 7 H corresponding to 11/27/2016 AD. The invention ad generally relates to solar cell modules in which the solar cells are arranged in a roofed manner. Alternative energy sources are required to meet the increasing energy demands around the world. Solar energy resources are sufficient in many geographic areas to meet Jie's requirements.” (Wise) by providing the electric power generated by solar cells, Ae, for example; photovoltaics). GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 0 A highly efficient arrangement of solar cells in a solar cell module is disclosed in the present application; And methods of manufacturing such solar units. on one side.” A solar module comprises a series connected series of < 25 WAN rectangular or more or less rectangular solar panels having an average breakdown voltage greater than about 10 V. Where the solar cells are assembled into one or more supercells, each of which includes two 5 or more solar cells arranged in the same line, with sidewalls of adjacent solar cells overlapping and connected conductively with each other with an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive. A solar cell or a single group of >N solar cells in series of solar cells shall not be electrically connected individually in parallel with a branching diode. Safe and reliable operation of the solar module is facilitated by efficient heat conduction along the supercells through interconnected 0 segments of adjacent solar cells; This prevents or reduces the formation of hot spots in tilted solar cells

inversely. The supercells can be encapsulated in a thermoplastic olefin polymer sandwiched between front and back sheets of glass; For example; Further improvement on unit strength relative to heat damage. In some contrasting images; not be > 30 > 50; or > 100. In another aspect the supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells each comprising front (sun-facing) and rear surfaces of rectangular or highly rectangular shape defined by the first and second parallel long sides placed oppositely and two short sides placed oppositely . Each solar cell includes an electrically conductive front surface metallization pattern comprising at least one front surface contact pad positioned adjacent to the first long side; and an electrically conductive back surface metallization pattern comprising at least one back surface contact gasket positioned 0 adjacent to the second long side. The silicon solar WAs are arranged in line with the first and second long sides of the adjacent silicon solar cells staggered and such that the front and back surface contact gaskets on the adjacent silicon solar cells are staggered and conductively bonded to each other with a binder of conductive adhesive to conduct Electrolytic silicon solar cells in series. The metallization pattern of the front surface of each 5-silicon solar cell includes a primed barrier to substantially define the conductive adhesive binder of at least one front surface contact gaskets prior to maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication. On the other hand, the supercell includes a group of silicon solar cells, each of which has front (sun-facing) and rear surfaces that are rectangular or very rectangular in definite shapes, with the first and second long parallel sides placed oppositely, and two short sides placed oppositely. Each solar cell includes an electrically conductive front surface metallization pattern comprising at least one front surface contact gasket positioned adjacent to the first long side; and an electrically conductive back surface metallization pattern comprising at least one back surface contact gasket positioned adjacent to the second long side. Silicon solar cells are arranged in line with the first and second long 5 sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and such that they are gaskets

The front and back surface contacts on adjacent silicon solar cells are overlapped and conductively bonded to each other with a conductive adhesive binder to electrically connect the silicon solar cells, respectively. The back-surface metallization pattern of each silicon solar cell includes a barrier primed to substantially limit the conductive adhesive binder to at least one back-surface contact gaskets prior to the maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication.

In the AT aspect, a method for manufacturing a series of solar cells comprising dicing one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form an array of rectangular silicon solar cells each having substantially the same length along its longitudinal axis . The method also includes the arrangement of rectangular solar cells

0 Silicon in line with long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the solar cells in series. An array of rectangular silicon solar cells comprises at least one rectangular solar cell having two beveled corners corresponding to corners or parts of the corners of a square pseudo-wafer; One or more rectangular silicon solar cells lack corners

5 chamfered. The spacing is selected between the parallel lines along which the terribly shaped pseudo-chip is cubed to the equation of the beveled corners oh The width is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of rectangular silicon solar cells that have beveled corners greater than the width perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of rectangular silicon solar cells that lack to beveled corners; So that both have an array of rectangular silicon solar cells in series for the cells

0 solar front surface has substantially the same area exposed to light in a series solar cell run. On the other hand, the supercell includes an array of silicon solar LAYs arranged in line with the terminal parts of adjacent solar cells overlapped and connected conductively to each other to electrically connect the solar cells in series. Include at least one of

5 Silicon solar cells have beveled corners that correspond to the corners or parts of the corners of the wafer

The silicon pseudo-square Ally has been cubed; At least one of the silicon solar cells lacks beveled corners; Each of the silicon solar cells has a front surface that has substantially the same area exposed to light during the operation of the solar cell series. In the bag aT A method of fabricating two or more supercells comprising dicing one or more square silicon wafers ABH along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form a first array of rectangular silicon solar cells having corresponding beveled corners The das pe pseudo-shaped corners or parts of the silicon wafers and a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells each having a first length covering the full width of the pseudo-square silicon wafers and lacking the beveled corners. The method also involves 0 removing the beveled corners from each of a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells to create a third set of rectangular silicon solar cells each with a second length shorter than the first and lacking the beveled corners. The method furthermore involves arranging a second array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded to each other 5 to electrically connect a second array of rectangular silicon solar cells in series to form a cell chain solar cells having a width equal to the length of the first »and arranging a third set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively linked to each other to electrically connect a third set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series to form a chain A solar 0 cell that has a width equal to the second length. On the other hand, a method for fabricating two or more supercells involves dicing one or more pseudo-aggressive silicon wafers with a de gana length of parallel lines into a long edge of each wafer to form a first array of rectangular silicon solar cells having the corresponding beveled corners of the or portions of the das pe pseudo-shaped silicon wafer corners and a 5s solar WAN rectangular silicon array lacking chamfered corners; group order

First of all rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of the cells

Adjacent rectangular silicon solar panels interlocking and conductively bonded to each other

To connect a first set of electrically in series rectangular silicon solar cells;

and arrangement of a second array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with the long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively connected

to each other to electrically connect a second array of rectangular silicon solar cells

respectively.

On the other hand, a supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in an

Line in a first direction with the terminal sections of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping

0 which are conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the Silicon Solar WAY in series; and an elongated flexible electrical interconnection with its longitudinal axis oriented parallel to a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; conductively attached to the front or rear surface of a terminal silicon solar cell at a set of discrete sites arranged along the second direction and traversing at least the entire width of the terminal solar cell in the second direction; And her

5 A conductive sheath of less than or equal to about 100 µm measured vertically on the front or back surface of the silicon terminal solar cell; It provides resistance to current flow in the second direction less than or equal to about 0.012 ohms; It is configured to provide flexibility to accommodate the two-way differential expansion between the terminal silicon solar cell and the interconnection for a temperature range of about -0°C to about 85°C.

0 The flexible electrical interconnect may have conductive sheaths less than or equal to about 30 microns measured vertically on the front and back surfaces of the silicon terminal solar cell; For example. The flexible electrical interconnection may extend past the supercell in the second direction to provide electrical interconnection to at least a second supercell placed parallel to and adjacent to the supercell in a solar Sang. additionally; or alternatively; The elastic electrical interconductor may extend past the cell

The supercell in the first direction to provide electrical interconnection to a second supercell placed parallel to and in line with the supercell in a solar module. On the AT side a solar module comprises an array of supercells arranged in two or ST parallel rows that cover the width of the module to form a front surface of the module. Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal parts of the solar cell

Adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series. At least one end of a first super-cell adjacent to the unit edge in a first row is electrically connected to the terminal of a second super-cell adjoining the same unit edge in a second row by means of a flexible electrical interconnection attached to the front surface of a cell

0 super prime at a set of discrete sites using an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material; running parallel to the edge of the unit; At least part of it folds around the end of a first supercell and is obscured from view from the front of the unit. On the other hand, the supercell manufacturing method involves laser copying one or more graph lines on each of one or more silicon solar cells to define a combination of

5 Rectangular Areas on a Solar Silicon WAN” and applying electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more scratched silicon solar cells at one or more locations adjacent to the long side of each rectangular area; Separating the silicon solar cells along the schematic lines to provide a group of rectangular silicon solar cells, each of which includes a gia of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed on its front surface next to the side of the

“dish 0 Arrangement of an array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells superimposed in a capped manner with a portion of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material Lad placed between them; maturation of the electrically conductive binder; And then connect the adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connect them electrically in series.

On the other hand, the supercell fabrication method involves laser copying one or more graph lines in each of one or more silicon solar cells to define a set of rectangular regions on the silicon solar WAY and applying an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to parts of the top surfaces of one or more silicon solar WAYs; The application of vacuum pressure between the bottom surfaces of one or more silicon solar cells and a support surface

arched to bend one or more silicon solar cells against an arched support surface and then slit one or more silicon solar cells along the graph lines to provide an array of rectangular silicon solar cells each comprising a portion of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed on the front surface her next to a long side; Arrange a group of cells

0 rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells superimposed in a capped manner with a portion of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed between and maturation of the electrically conductive bonding ale; Then connect the adjacent overlapped rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connect them Liles in series. On the other hand, the method of manufacturing a solar module includes assembling a group of AB cells with

5 Each supercell shall include a group of rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal parts on the long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells superimposed in a roofing manner. The method also includes maturation of the electrically conductive bonding material placed between the overlapping terminal sections of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells by applying heat and pressure to the supercells. And then connect adjacent solar cells

0 overlays of rectangular silicon to each other and electrically connected in series. The method also includes the arrangement and interconnection of the supercells in the form of a foamed solar module in a stack of layers that includes cali and the use of heat and pressure on a stack of layers to form a structure. Some variants of the method include curing or partial curing of the conductive Jas material

5 electrically by applying heat and pressure to supercells before applying heat and pressure to

agglutination of layers to form the lamellar structure; Subsequently, mature or partially mature supercells are formed as an intermediate product prior to the formation of a lamellar structure. In some contrasting images; With each additional rectangular silicon solar cell added to the supercell during cell assembly the supercell; An electrically conductive adhesive bonding material between the newly added solar cell and its adjacent superimposed solar cell is cured or partially cured before any other rectangular silicon solar cell is added to the supercell. alternatively Some variants include ripening or partial curing of all the conductive Jas in the supercell in the same step. In the case of formation of supercells in the form of matured intermediate products (Lia) the method may include completing the maturation of the electrically conductive bonding sabe while applying heat and pressure to an agglutination of 0 layers to form a lamellar structure. Some variations of the method involve maturation of sale electrically conductive ribbons while heat and pressure are applied to a stack of layers to form a lamellar structure without forming super-matured or partially matured cells as an intermediate product prior to forming a lamellar structure The method may involve dicing one or more modular silicon solar cells Size 5 in rectangular shapes with a smaller surface area to provide rectangular silicon solar cells An electrically conductive adhesive bonding material may be applied to one or more silicon solar cells before dicing one or more silicon solar cells to provide the adhesive bond to the rectangular silicon solar cells Electrically Conductive Pre-Applied Alternatively, Sale can apply electrically conductive adhesive to rectangular silicon solar cells after dicing one or 0 more silicon solar cells to provide rectangular silicon solar cells. on one side; A solar module comprises an array of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows. Each supercell comprises an array of rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and electrically bonded directly to each other to connect

Electrolytic silicon solar cells in series. The solar panel also includes a first contact pad with a discreet socket located on the rear surface of the first solar cell which is located at an intermediate position along the first supercell. and an electrical interconnect, Jol conductively connected to a first contact pad, to a concealed outlet. The first electrical interconnection has a voltage mitigation feature that accommodates the differential thermal expansion between the interconnection and the solar cell from

silicon to which they are attached. The term “dad stress relief” as used in the present application in connection with an interconnection denotes an engineering feature such as a torsion; a twist; or a slit; for example” in the sheath (eg, very thin) of the interconnection; and/or in ductility Interconnection For example, the voltage mitigation feature may be embodied in the formation of an interconnection from an extensive copper strand

0 tenderness. The solar module may include a second contact packing with a discreet socket located on the back surface of the second solar cell that is adjacent to the first solar cell at an intermediate position along the second supercell in an adjacent supercell row; A first contact pad in a concealed outlet is electrically connected to a second pad in a concealed outlet via a first electrical interconnection. in

5 Said cases may extend a first electrical interconnection through space between a first super cell and a second super cell and be conductively connected to a second contact pad in a concealed outlet. Alternatively, the electrical connection between a first daly in a concealed outlet may include another electrical interconnect conductively connected to a second contact in a concealed outlet and electrically connected (eg; conductively connected) to a first electrical interconnection. Either scheme may extend

0 Optional interconnection via additional supercell rows. For example; Either the interconnection scheme may optionally extend across the entire width of the module to interconnect the solar cell in each row by means of contact pads in a concealed outlet. The solar module may include a second contact charge with a discreet socket located on the rear surface of the second solar cell that resides at another intermediate position along the first of the cells

5 superlatives; A second electrical interconnect conductively connected to a second contact pad into a non-receptacle

External and electrically connected branching diode by means of a first and a second electrical interconnect on

Parallel to the solar cells that are located between a first contact pad with a hidden socket and a contact pad

Again, in an undisclosed socket.

in any previous contrast images; A first concealed socket contact may be one of a set of 5 concealed socket contacts arranged on the rear surface of the first solar cell in a row.

It runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first solar cell; It is a first electrical interconnection

Conductively bonded to each group of discreet contacts and covers a substantial length

The first solar cell along the longitudinal axis. additionally or alternatively; May be

The first discreet contact pad is one of a range of discreet socket contact pads arranged

0 on the back surface of the first solar cell in a row running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the first solar cell. In the latter case a row of discreet socket contacts may be located next to the short edge of the first solar cell, for example. A first blind contact pad may be one of a group of hidden socket contact pads arranged in two dimensional arrays from the rear surface of the first solar cell.

Alternatively, in any of the foregoing contrasts a first contact pad may be located in a discreet socket near the short side of the rear surface of the first solar cell; With a first electrical interconnect not extending significantly inward from a discreet socket contact pad along the longitudinal axis of the solar cell; the back surface metallization pattern on the first solar cell and providing a conductive path to an interconnect preferably having a wafer resistance of less than or equal to about 5 ohms squared; or less

than or equal to about 2.5 ohms in awful. In the cases mentioned, the first interconnection may include; For example; on two lugs positioned on opposite sides of the strain relief feature; such that one of the lugs is conductively attached to a first contact pad in a discreet socket. The two loops may have different lengths. In any of the foregoing variants a first electrical interconnection may have known alignment features

5 Chamfered alignment with non-visible dale first contact padding or Chamfered alignment identification with edge

first supercell” or definition of plated alignment with first supercell contact pad with discreet socket and plated alignment with first supercell edge. On the AT side a solar module has a glass front sheet; background chip. and a group of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows between a glass front wafer and a back wafer.

Each supercell comprises an array of rectangular or highly elongated silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and loosely (leg towards a Bile conductor) attached to each other to electrically connect the solar cells from Silicon in series The first elastic electrical interconnection is rigidly bonded and conductive to a first supercell The flexible conductive bonds between cells provide

0 overlay solar Mechanical Compatibility with Supercells Accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the supercells and a glass front sheet in a parallel row direction for a temperature range of about -40°C to about 100°C without damage to the solar module. Jal pushes the rigid conductor between a first supercell and the first elastic electrical interconnection the first elastic interconnection to accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between a first supercell and the first elastic interconnection in the direction of

5 Vertical in rows in a temperature range of about -40°C to about 180°C without damage to the solar module. The conductive bonds between adjacent solar cells superimposed within the supercell can benefit from a different conductive adhesive than the conductive bonds between a supercell and a flexible electrical interconnect. The conductive bond on one side of at least one solar cell within the supercell can

0 Make use of a different conductive adhesive than the conductive bond on the other side of it. The conductive adhesive that forms the rigid bond between the supercell and the electrical elastic interconnection may be tin solder; For example. In some contrasts, the conductive bonds between the overlayed solar cells are formed inside the supercell with a conductive adhesive that is not soldered with tin; The conductive link is formed between the supercell and the elastic electrical interconnection

5 using tin solder.

In some variants that make use of two different conductive adhesives as previously described; Both conductive adhesives can be cured at the same curing step (eg at the same temperature; at the same pressure and/or at the same time interval). The conductive bonds between adjacent, superimposed solar cells may accommodate the differential motion between each cell and a glass front sheet of greater than or equal to about 15 μm; For example.

The conductive bonds between adjacent solar cells superimposed may have a thickness perpendicular to the solar cell less than or equal to about 50 µm and a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cell greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/(m-k); For example. The first elastic electrical interconnection can withstand thermal expansion or contraction of the interconnection

0 first flex is greater than or equal to about 40 microns; For example. Part of the first elastic electrical interconnection conductively attached to the supercell may be similar to a band consisting of copper; has a perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell to which it is attached that is less than or equal to about 30 microns or less than or equal to about 50 microns; For example. The first flexible electrical interconnect may comprise an integral non-conductive copper part

5 is connected to the solar cell and provides conductivity lel from part of the first flexible electrical interconnect which is conductively connected to the solar cell. The first flexible electrical interconnect may have a thickness perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell to which it is attached that is less than or equal to about 30 µm or less than or equal to about 50 µm and a width greater than or equal to about 10 mm in the plane of the surface of the solar cell in a direction perpendicular to the flow current through the interconnection. It may be interconnection

The first flexible electrode is conductively bonded to a conductor near the solar cell and provides higher conductivity than a first electrical interconnect. On the AT side a solar module comprises an array of supercells arranged in two or ST parallel rows. Each supercell comprises an array of rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of the solar cells

Adjacent silicon hale conductively interconnected to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series. A discreet socket contact pad which does not conduct much current in normal operation is located on the back surface of the first solar cell; which is located at an intermediate position along a first cell of supercells in a first row of supercells. A contact pad shall be in a concealed socket connected electrically in parallel to the second solar cell

At least in the second row of supercell rows. The solar module may include an electrical interconnection of a concealed-contact charge and an electrical interconnection of a concealed-contact charge of the second solar cell. In contrast, an electrical interconnection does not significantly cover the length of the first solar cell and provides a pattern

0 Metallization of the rear surface in the first solar cell is a conductive path to a shielded socket contact packing having a foil resistance less than or equal to about 5 ohms per meter. It may be a group of supercells arranged in three or more parallel rows covering the width of the solar module perpendicular to the rows”; and a concealed socket contact pad electrically connected to a concealed contact pad in at least one solar cell in each of the rows of cells

5 superconductors to electrically conduct all rows of supercells in parallel. In 5001 variants a solar module may include the connection of at least one conductor to at least one of the bare-contacts or the interconnection between the two-packs that connects to a branching diode or other electronic device. The solar module may include a flexible electrical interconnection that is conductively bonded to a packing

0 contact with a hidden socket to connect it electrically to the second solar cell. A part of the flexible electrical interconnection may be conductively attached to a padding in a concealed outlet, for example, similar to a strip consisting of copper; It has a perpendicular chamfer to the surface of the solar cell to which it is attached of less than or equal to about 50 microns. The conductive bond between a discreet outlet contact pad and the flexible electrical interconnection may cause the flexible electrical interconnection to tolerate mismatches in

5 The expansion (hall) between the first solar cell and the flexible interconnection; and to accommodate the relative motion between the

The first solar cell and the second solar cell, resulting from thermal expansion (sal), a temperature from about -40 C to about 180 C without damaging the solar module. In some contrasting images, when the solar module is turned on, a first invisible contact filling can deliver a larger current of the current generated in any one solar cell.

Typically, the front surface of the first solar cell placed over a primary contact pad with a concealed outlet is not actuated by contact pads or other interconnecting features. typically No area of a front surface of the first solar cell is not overlapped by ha of the adjacent solar cell in a first supercell occupied by contact pads or other interconnecting features.

0 in some contrast images; In each supercell Most cells do not have discreet socket contact pads. In different pictures mentioned; Cells with concealed socket contacts may have a greater light-gathering area than cells without concealed socket contacts. On the AT side a solar module has a glass front sheet; background chip; and a group of

5 The supercells are arranged in two or more parallel rows between a glass front wafer and a back wafer. Each supercell comprises an array of rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and elastically coupled directly to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series. The flexible electrical interconnection is the first

0 rigidly attached and attached to a first supercell. The flexible conductive bonds between the stacked solar cells consist of a first conductive adhesive and have a shear modulus of less than or equal to about 0 MPa. The rigid conductive bond between a first supercell and the first flexible electrical interconnect consists of a second conductive adhesive and has a shear modulus greater than or equal to about 2000 MPa.

— 1 6 —

A first conductive adhesive may have a glass transition temperature less than or equal to about 0°C for example. In contrast images ¢ the first conductive adhesive Bale and the second conductive adhesive 3 are different and z both conductive adhesives can be prepared in the same curing step.

In some contrasting images; The conductive bonds between adjacent solar cells superimposed have a thickness perpendicular to the solar cells less than or equal to about 50 microns and a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cells greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/(m-kilo). on one side; A solar module comprises the number A! greater than or equal to about 150 rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in an array of cells

0 superscripts in two or more parallel rows. Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series. Supercells are electrically connected to provide a high direct current voltage greater than or equal to about 90 volts.

5 In a variant, the solar module includes one or more flexible electrical interconnects arranged to connect a set of electrically superior WAYs in series to provide high direct current voltage. A solar module may include module level power electronics that includes a transformer that converts high DC voltage to AC voltage. The unit's power level electronics may sense a high direct current voltage and operate the unit at a high direct current voltage capacity point

0 is ideal. In another variation, a solar module includes unit level power electronics electrically connected to individual pairs of series-connected adjacent rows of ABE cells. The electrical connection of one or more pairs of supercell rows in series to provide a high direct current voltage; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage to alternating current voltage. optionally; may be

The electronics sense unit voltage level power across each individual pair of supercell rows and may operate each individual pair of supercell rows at an optimal ampere-voltage capacity point. optionally; Unit level power electronics can shunt an individual pair of supercell rows out of a circuit that provides a high direct current voltage if the voltage across the pair of rows is less than a limit value.

In another variation, a solar module comprises module level power electronics electrically connected to each individual row of supercells; Electrical connection of two or more rows of supercells in series to provide high direct current voltage; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage to alternating current voltage. optionally; Electronics may sense unit voltage level power across each individual row of supercells and may actuate each individual row of supercells at a power point

0 voltage is ideal. Optionally, the unit level power electronics can shunt an individual row of supercells outside a circuit that provides a high DC voltage if the voltage across the row of supercells is JH of a limit value. In another variation, a solar module comprises module level power electronics electrically connected to each individual supercell; Electrical connection of two or more supercells in series to provide

5VDC high; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage to alternating current voltage. optionally; Electronics may sense unit voltage level power across each individual supercell and may operate each individual supercell at an optimal current voltage capacity point. bolas) unit level power electronics can shunt an individual supercell outside a circuit that provides a high DC voltage if the voltage across the supercell is close to a limit value.

0 In another variation, each supercell in the unit is electrically divided into a set of sections by means of an unseen socket. A solar sang comprises unit level power electronics electrically connected to each section of each supercell via discreet sockets; Electrical connection of two or more sections in series to provide high direct current voltage; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage to alternating current voltage. optionally; Electronics may sense the unit level capacity

5 voltages across each individual section of each ABU cell and may operate each individual section at a voltage power point

— 8 1 — perfect stream. Optionally, the unit level power electronics can shunt an individual section out of a circuit that provides a high DC voltage if the voltage across the sections is less than a limit value. In any of the above variants, an ideal current-voltage power point might be the maximum current-voltage power point. In any of the above contrasts, the unit level power electronics may lack a current boosting component

direct to direct stream. In any of the foregoing contrast images may be no greater than or equal to about 200; greater than or equal to about 250; greater than or equal to about 300; greater than or equal to about 350; greater than or equal to about 0400 greater than or equal to about 450; greater than or equal to about 500; bigger

0 1 or equal to about 550' greater than or equal to about 600' greater than or equal to about 650' or greater than or equal to about 700. In any of the foregoing variants high DC voltage may be greater than or equal to about 0 voltage greater than or equal to about 180 volts; greater than or equal to about 240V; OST of or equal to about 300 cals greater than or equal to about 360 volts greater than or equal to

5 about 420 lsd is greater than or equal to about 480 volts ST is of or equal to about 540 volts or greater than or equal to about 600 volts. On the AT side a photovoltaic solar system includes two or more solar modules connected Lil je in parallel; and adapter. Each solar module comprises the number not greater than or equal to about 150 rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in

0 Image of a group of supercells in two or more parallel rows. Each supercell in each module includes two or more silicon solar cells in that module arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series. In each sang the supercells are electrically connected to provide a larger high-voltage direct current bang output

of or equal to about 90 volts. The inverter is electrically connected to two or more solar modules to convert their high-voltage direct current output to alternating current. Each solar module may include one or more flexible electrical interconnections arranged to electrically connect the supercells of the solar module in series to provide a high voltage direct current output to the solar module.

A photovoltaic solar system may include at least a third solar module connected electrically in series to one of the first of two or more solar modules connected electrically in parallel. In the said cases a third solar module may comprise the number “not greater than or equal to about 0” rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as

0 A group of supercells in two or ST parallel rows. Each supercell in the third solar module comprises two or more silicon solar cells in a unit arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series. In a third solar module the supercells are electrically connected to provide a high direct current module output

5 The voltage is greater than or equal to about 90V. Variations include a third solar module electrically connected in series with the first of two or more solar modules; as described dale and may also include at least one dad solar module electrically connected in series to one second of two or more solar modules electrically connected in parallel. A fourth solar module may have the number SUTIN of or equal to

ss 0 150 rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as an array of supercells in two or more parallel rows. Each supercell in a fourth solar module comprises two or more of the silicon solar cells in that module arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar WAY in series .

— 0 2 — In a fourth solar module the supercells are electrically connected to provide a high voltage DC module output greater than or equal to about 90 V. A solar photovoltaic system may include plas and/or shielding diodes arranged to avoid short-circuiting that occurs in any of the solar modules from the dissipated power generated in the other solar modules. A solar photovoltaic system may include positive and negative conductors to which two or more solar modules are electrically connected in parallel and to which the converter is electrically connected. alternatively A solar photovoltaic system may include a combiner box in which two or more solar modules are in parallel; It may optionally include fuses and/or shielding diodes arranged to avoid short-circuiting in any of the solar modules from the dissipated power generated in the other solar modules. The inverter can be configured to operate the solar modules at a DC voltage del from the lowest set value to avoid reverse biasing of the solar module. 5 _ The transformer can be configured to identify the reverse bias condition that occurs in one or more of the solar units and to operate the solar units at a voltage that avoids the reverse bias condition. The photovoltaic solar system can be placed on top of the roof. In any of the preceding variants, IN may be “l and “l!” is greater than or equal to about 200; greater than or equal to about 250; greater than or equal to about 300; greater than or equal to about 350; greater than or equal to about 400' greater than or equal to about 450' greater than or equal to about 500' greater than or equal to about 550; greater than or equal to about 600; greater than or equal to about 0 (or greater than or equal to about 700). GN “No 5 N77 same or other values

In any of the above variants a high direct current voltage may be provided by a solar module Greater than or equal to about 120 V Greater than or equal to about 180 V Greater than or equal to about 240 V Greater than or equal to about 300 V Greater than or equal to about 360 V Greater than or equal to about 420 V Greater than or equal to about 480 V Greater than or equal to about 540 V or greater than or equal to about 600 V.

On the AT side a solar photovoltaic system comprises a first solar module comprising no greater than or equal to about 150 rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as a group of supercells in two or ST parallel rows. Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the

0 long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series. The system also includes an adapter. The inverter may for example be a microinverter integrated into a first solar module. The supercells in a first solar module are electrically connected to provide a high direct current voltage greater than or equal to about 90 V to the transformer; Which converts direct current into alternating current.

5 A first solar module may include one or more flexible electrical interconnections arranged to electrically connect the supercells of the solar module in series to provide a high voltage direct current output to the solar module. A photovoltaic solar system may include at least a second solar module connected electrically in series with a first solar module. A second solar module may have the number STN of or equal to

ss 0 150 rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as an array of supercells in two or more parallel rows. Each supercell in a second solar module comprises two or more of the silicon solar cells in that module arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar WAY in series .

— 2 2 — In a second solar module the supercells are electrically connected to provide a high voltage DC module output greater than or equal to about 90 V. A transformer (eg microtransformer) may lack a DC-to-DC boost component. In any of the above contrasts STN GN may be less than or equal to about 200, greater than or equal to about 250; greater than or equal to about 300,; greater than or equal to about 350; bigger

or equal to about 400; greater than or equal to about 450; greater than or equal to about 500; greater than or equal to Moa 550; greater than or equal to about 600 greater than or equal to about 650; or greater than or equal to about 700. The 'la' and 'la' may have the same or different values. in any previous contrast images; High DC voltage may be provided by the solar module

0 Greater than or equal to about 120V Greater than or equal to about 180V Greater than or equal to about 240V Greater than or equal to about 300V; greater than or equal to about 360 volts greater than or equal to about 420 volts greater than or equal to about 480 volts greater than or equal to about 540 volts; or greater than or equal to about 600 volts. On the “AT” side a solar module comprises the number not greater than or equal to about 250 cells

5 Rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar panels arranged as an array of supercells connected in series in two or more parallel rows. Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded (bilis) to each other an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in the cell

0 superlatives respectively. A solar module has less than one branching diode for every 25 solar cells. The sole is an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive that forms bonds between adjacent solar WAs having a thickness perpendicular to the solar cells of less than or equal to about 50 microns and a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cells to greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/(m-kilo).

The supercells may be encapsulated in a thermoplastic olefin layer between the front wafer and the back wafer. Supercells may have their own encapsulation sandwiched between front and back sheets of glass. The solar module may include; For example; less than one branching diode for every 30 solar cells; or less than one branching diode per 50 solar cells; or less than 1 bypass diode per 100 solar cells. Solar module may not include; for example » on branching diodes; or only one branching diode; or not more than three branching diodes; or not more than six branching diodes; or not more than ten branching diodes. The conductive bonds between the superimposed solar cells may optionally provide mechanical compatibility to the 0 supercells to accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the supercells and a glass front sheet in parallel orientation in rows in a temperature range of about -40 °C to about 100 °C without damage to the solar module. in any previous contrast images; 1! may be greater than or equal to about 300; greater than or equal to about 350 greater than or equal to 400 jigs greater than or equal to about 450; greater than or equal to about 500; greater than or equal to about 550; greater than or equal to about 600 greater than 5 or equal to about 650; or greater than or equal to about 700. In any of the foregoing contrast images; Supercells may be electrically connected to provide a high DC voltage ST of or equal to about 120 V greater than or equal to about 180 V greater than or equal to about 240 V greater than or equal to about 300 V; Greater than or equal to about 360V Greater than or equal to about 420V Greater than or equal to about 480V Greater than or equal to about 540V or greater than or equal to about 600V. A solar power system may include a solar module of any of the above variations and an inverter (eg microinverter) electrically connected to the solar module and configured to convert the DC output of the solar module to provide an AC output. The inverter may lack a 00 to 06 boost component. The inverter can be configured to operate the solar module at a DC voltage higher than the lowest set value to avoid overheating

Reverse bias of the solar cell. The lowest voltage value may depend on the temperature. The inverter can be configured to recognize the reverse bias condition and operate the solar module at a voltage that avoids the reverse bias condition. For example; The inverter can be configured to operate the solar module in the local maximum region of the solar module's voltage-current capacity curve to avoid the reverse bias condition. This specification discloses solar cell splitting tools and solar cell splitting methods. on one side”; A method for fabricating a solar WAN involves advancing the solar cell wafer along an arc surface; Applying vacuum pressure between the curved surface and the bottom surface of the solar cell wafer to bend the solar cell wafer against the curved surface and then slit the solar cell wafer along one or more pre-made graph lines to separate a group of solar cells from the solar cell 0 wafer. The solar cell wafer can be served continuously along the curved surface; For example. alternatively The solar cell may be presented along the arched surface in jerky motions. The arched surface may for example be a curved portion of the upper surface of a vacuum pressure manifold that applies vacuum pressure to the lower surface of the solar cell wafer. The vacuum pressure applied to the bottom surface of the solar cell wafer may be varied by a vacuum pressure manifold with a length of 5 in the travel direction of the solar cell wafer and may be; For example (JB) is stronger in the region of an Ally vacuum manifold in which the solar cell wafer is sequentially slit. The method may involve moving the solar cell wafer along the curved top surface of a vacuum pressure manifold using a perforated belt; Using vacuum pressure applied to the bottom surface of the solar cell wafer through perforations in the perforated belt. The perforations may optionally be so arranged in the belt that the leading and trailing edges of the solar cell wafer along the direction of travel of the solar cell wafer shall be surmounted by at least one perforation in the lig upon which it is drawn toward the arched surface by vacuum pressure; But this is not required. The method may include advancing the solar cell wafer along a flat area of the upper surface of a vacuum manifold to a transitionally curved region of the upper surface of a vacuum

Includes first bend; ag This involves advancing the solar cell wafer to a slit of the upper surface of a vacuum manifold where the solar cell wafer Lali is slit using a manifold slit that has a second bend that is tighter than the first. The method may furthermore involve introducing the slit solar cells to the post-slit region of a vacuum pressure manifold comprising a third bend that is tighter than the second bend. in any previous contrast images; The method may involve applying more powerful vacuum pressure between the solar cell wafer and an arched surface at one end of each graphite and then at the opposite end of each graphite line to provide an asymmetric voltage distribution along each graphite line that enhances nucleation and single-slit crack propagation along each graphite line. . alternatively or additionally; In any of the foregoing variants, the method may involve directing the graph lines on the solar cell wafer at an angle to a vacuum pressure manifold so that for each graph line one end reaches an arched slit region of the vacuum manifold before the other end. in any previous contrast images; The method may involve removing the slit solar WAN from an arched surface before the edges of the slit solar cells touch it. For example (Jaa) 5 the method may involve removing cells in contact or nearly in contact with the curving surface of the manifold more quickly than the cells travel along the manifold. This can be achieved by using a tangentially arranged moving belt; (JER) or by using any other suitable mechanism. In any of the foregoing variants, the method may involve copying the graph lines onto the solar cell wafer and applying an electrically conductive adhesive binder to portions of the upper or lower surface of the solar cell wafer prior to incision Solar cell wafer along graph lines Each resulting solar cell that is then slit may include a portion of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material applied along the cleft edge of its upper or lower surface The graph lines may form before or after application of the electrically conductive adhesive bonder using any suitable copying method The outline lines may be created by, for example, laser copying.

in any previous contrast images; The solar cell wafer may be a terrible solar cell wafer or pseudo das yall of silicon. On the AT side, the solar cell chain manufacturing method includes arranging a group of rectangular solar WAYs in line with the long sides of adjacent rectangular solar cells superimposed in a capped manner using an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed between them and curing the bonding material

ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED In order for the adjacent rectangular solar WAY superimposed to be attached to each other and electrically connected in series. Solar cells can be manufactured; For example; By any contrast to the previously described solar cell fabrication method. on one side; The method of manufacturing the WAY Solar Series involves forming a surface metallization pattern

0 rear on each of one or more aerated solar cells; and stencil printing a full front surface metallization pattern on each of one or more square solar cells using a single stencil in a single stencil printing step. These steps can be done in either order; or at the same time, if appropriate. 'Full front surface metallization pattern' means that after the stencil printing step there is no need to deposit additional metallization material on the front surface of the solar cell

5 square to complete the formation of front surface metallization. The method also includes separating each aquifer solar cell into two or more rectangular solar cells to construct one or more aquifer solar cells for a set of rectangular solar cells each comprising a full front surface metallization pattern and a back surface metallization pattern; Arrangement of a group of rectangular Loy solar cells aligned with long sides of adjacent rectangular solar cells superimposed in a canopy fashion; and connect the solar cells

0 conductively rectangular in each pair of adjacent rectangular solar cells overlapping each other with electrically conductive material (Jal) placed between them to electrically connect the metallization pattern of the front surface of one of the rectangular solar cells in the pair with the metallization pattern of the back surface (GAN) of the rectangular solar cells in pair; Then the electrical connection of a series of rectangular solar cells.

The stencil may be configured so that all parts of the stencil defining one or more features of the front surface metallization pattern in one or more aerated solar cells are constrained by physical connections to the other parts of the stencil to be in plane with the stencil during stencil printing. The metallization pattern of the front surface of each rectangular solar cell, for example, might include a set of fingers oriented perpendicular to the long sides of the rectangular solar cell; with

None of the fingers in the front surface metallization pattern are physically connected to each other by the front surface metallization pattern. This specification discloses solar cells with low solder loss values at the edges of the solar cell; For example; Without cracked edges, the combination of the pails enhances the welding methods

0 for the manufacture of the aforementioned solar cells; And the use of the mentioned solar cells in roofed equipment (overlapped) to form the super cells. on one side; A method for fabricating an array of solar cells comprises deposition of one or more front surface porous silicon layers on a front surface of an amorphous silicon wafer; Deposition of one or more back surface porous silicon layers on the back surface of a wafer

5 amorphous silicon on the opposite side of the amorphous silicon wafer from the front surface; patterning of one or more front surface silicone porous layers to form one or more front surface grooves in one or more front surface silicone porous layers; Deposition of a front surface damping layer over one or more front surface non-porous silicone layers and in front surface grooves; Patterning of one or more back surface porous silicone layers to form one or more surface grooves

0 back in one or more layers of non-porous silicone back surface; The back surface quench layer is deposited over one or more back surface porous silicone layers and in the back surface grooves. Each consists of one or more posterior surface grooves in line with another corresponding anterior surface grooves. The method furthermore involves slitting an amorphous silicon wafer at one or more slit planes; With each slit plane centered or highly centered in a different pair

— 8 2 — of the corresponding front and rear surface grooves. When the resulting solar WAY is turned on, the front surface non-porous silicone layers are illuminated by light. In some contrast images only anterior surface grooves are formed, not posterior surface grooves. In other variations only the posterior surface grooves are formed; And no frontal surface grooves.

The method may include the formation of one or more front surface grooves to penetrate the front surface non-porous silicon layers to the front surface of an amorphous silicon wafer ¢ and/or the formation of one or more back surface grooves to penetrate one or more front surface non-porous silicone layers back to reach the back surface of a silicon wafer The method may include the formation of a front surface quenching layer and/or a back surface quenching layer of

0 1 is a transparent conductive oxide. A pulsed laser or a hexagonal tip ead can be used to point the slit (eg within 100 µm in length). A CW laser and a sequentially cooled nozzle can be used to induce a high tensile and compressive thermal stress and drive full crack propagation in an amorphous silicon wafer to separate an amorphous silicon wafer at one or more crack planes. Alternatively, the amorphous silicon wafer can

5 slit it mechanically at one or more slit planes. Any suitable incision method may be used. One or more front-surface crystalline amorphous silicon layers may form a 0-0 bond with the amorphous silicon wafer; In the above case it may be preferable to slit the amorphous silicon wafer from its back surface side. alternatively One or more back surface amorphous silicon crystalline layers may form an NP bond with the amorphous silicon wafer; In the aforementioned case, it may be

0 preferred. Slit an amorphous silicon wafer from its front surface side. Grooves in the Jf surface of a lite silicon wafer Deposition of one or more amorphous silicon layers on a first surface of an amorphous silicon wafer; Deposition of a quenching layer in the grooves and on one or more layers of amorphous silicon on a first surface of the amorphous silicon wafer; single precipitation or

More than two layers of amorphous silicon on a second surface of the amorphous silicon wafer on the opposite side of the amorphous silicon wafer from the “Jol” surface and the slit of the amorphous silicon wafer at one or more BAN planes with each slit plane centered or highly centered On another different from one or more grooves. The method may include the formation of a quenching layer of a transparent conductive oxide. Lasers can be used to induce a thermal potential in an amorphous silicon wafer to slit an amorphous silicon wafer at one or more slit planes. Alternatively, an amorphous silicon wafer can be mechanically slit at one or more slit planes. Any suitable incision method may be used. One or more front surface amorphous silicon crystalline layers may form a 0-0 bond with the amorphous silicon 0 wafer. alternatively One or more back surface amorphous silicon layers may form a 0-0 bond with the amorphous silicon wafer. On the other hand, the solar panel includes a group of super cells; Each super cell includes a group of solar cells arranged on the same line so that the peripheral parts of adjacent solar cells are superimposed in a roofed manner and connected in a conductive manner to each other to electrically connect 5 solar cells in a row. Each solar cell includes a crystalline silicon base; One or more first surface amorphous silicon layers placed on the first surface of a crystalline silicon base to form a 0-0 joint; one or more amorphous silicon layers of the second surface placed on the second surface of a crystalline silicon base on the opposite side to a crystalline silicon base of the Jf surface and quench layers preventing tinning combination at the edges of the amorphous silicon layers of the first surface 0; at the edges of the amorphous silicon layers of the second surface; Or at the edges of the amorphous silicon layers of the first surface and the edges of the amorphous silicon layers of the second surface. Quenching layers may include a transparent conductive oxide. Solar cells may for example be formed by any of the methods previously outlined or otherwise disclosed in this specification.

— 0 3 — these and other models will become clear.”; The features and advantages of the invention Mal will become evident to those skilled in the art when referring to the following detailed description of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures which are described briefly for the first time. Brief Explanation of the Drawings Figure 1 shows a cross-section diagram of a series of series connected solar cells arranged in a roofing manner with adjacent solar cell tips superimposed to form a roofed supercell. Figure 12 shows a diagram of the front surface (sun side) and front surface metallization pattern of a representative rectangular solar cell that can be used to construct the roofed supercells. Figures 2b and 2c show front surface (sun side) graphs and front surface 0 mineralization patterns of two representative al rectangular solar cells that have rounded corners that can be used to form the roofed supercells. Figures 2d and 2e show graphs of the back surfaces and representative back surface mineralization patterns of the cell solar panels shown in Figure 2a. Figures 2f and 2g show representative back surface histograms and mineralization patterns of the 5 solar cells shown in Figures 2b and 2c; Respectively. Figure 2h shows a diagram of the front surface (sun side) and front surface metallization pattern of another representative rectangular solar cell that can be used to construct the roofed supercells. The metallization pattern of the front surface includes the separate contact pads, each surrounded by a baffle configured to avoid flow of immature conductive adhesive binder deposited on the contact pad from it away from the contact pad. Figure 2i shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell in Fig. 2h and identifies the details of the metallization pattern of the front surface shown in the magnified view in Figs. 2i and 2k which includes a contact pad and parts of a baffle surrounding the contact pad.

— 1 3 — Figure 2j shows an enlarged view of details from Figure 2i. Fig. SD. Magnified view of details from Fig. 2i with sala Angi showing the bonding of a highly immature conductive adhesive at the site of a detached contact pad by the septum. Figure 2l shows a back surface diagram and mineralization pattern of a representative back surface of a solar cell enclosed by a baffle that has been configured to avoid flow of immature conductive adhesive binder deposited on its contact pad away from the contact pad. Figure 2m shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell in Fig. 2l and identifies the details of a back surface metallization pattern shown in the magnified view of Fig. 2n which includes a padding 0 and parts of Sala surrounding the padding. Figure L shows the magnified view of details from Figure 2m. Figure 2h shows another contrast of a metallization pattern incorporating a septum configured to avoid flow of immature conductive adhesive binder away from the contact wad. The diaphragm abuts on one side of the contact pad and is longer than the contact pad. Figure 2p shows a contrast (GAT) image of a metallization pattern in Fig. 2h; the septum is adjacent to at least two sides of the thermos packing. Figure 2f shows a back surface diagram and a representative back surface metallization pattern for the other representative rectangular solar cell. The back surface metallization pattern includes Continuous contact pad that runs substantially along the long side of the solar cell along the edge of the solar cell Contact pad 0 is surrounded by a baffle configured to avoid flow of immature conductive adhesive binder deposited on the contact pad away from the contact pad Figure 2p shows a front surface diagram (sun side) and another representative rectangular solar cell front surface metallization pattern that can be used to form roofed supercells.

— 3 2 —

The metallization pattern of the front surface on separate contacts arranged in a row along the edge of the solar cell and a long thin conductor running parallel to and inward from the row of contacts. A long thin conductor forms a barrier configured to avoid flow of immature conductive adhesive binder deposited on the contact packings from them away from the contact packings Jy active spaces

5. From the solar cell. Figure 13 shows a diagram illustrating a representative method by which a uniformly sized, square-shaped silicon pseudo-solar cell can be separated (ie, cut, or broken) into rectangular solar cells of two different lengths that can be used to form roofed supercells. Figures 3b and 3c show graphs illustrating another representative method by which the solar cell

0 sham shaped silicon sham that can be separated into rectangular solar cells. Figure 3b shows a front surface of a wafer and a representative front surface metallization pattern. Figure 3c shows the back surface of the wafer and a representative back surface metallization pattern. Figures 3d and 3e show graphs showing a representative method by which a silicon arc solar cell can be separated into rectangular solar cells. Figure 3d shows an anterior surface

Chip and analog front surface metallization pattern. Figure 3E shows the back surface of the wafer and the metallization pattern

1-) 5: - Tra: . FIG. 14 shows a sectional view of the front surface of a representative rectangular supercell comprising the rectangular solar cells as shown for example in FIG. 12 arranged in a roofing manner as shown in FIG. 1.

0 Figures core and 4c show front and back views; Respectively; of a representative rectangular supercell incorporating rectangular 'chevron' solar cells having beveled corners; as shown for example in Fig. 2b; arranged in a roofed manner as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 15 shows a diagram of a representative rectangular solar module incorporating an array of cells Rectangular roofed supercells» and the long side of each supercell has a length of approximately row length

— 3 3 —

The short sides of the unit. Supercell pairs are ordered end-to-end to form rows with

The long sides of the supercells parallel to the short sides of the unit.

Figure 5b shows a schematic diagram of another representative rectangular solar module comprising an array

rectangular supercells; So that the long side of each supercell has a length approximately the same as the length of the short sides of the unit. The supercells are arranged so that their long sides are parallel

For the short sides of the unit.

Figure 5c shows a schematic diagram of another representative rectangular solar module comprising an array

LDA Superior Rectangular Roof; The length of the long side of each supercell is approximately the same

The length of the long side of the unit. The supercells are arranged with their long sides parallel to each other

0 unit. Figure C shows a schematic diagram of a representative rectangular solar module comprising an array of rectangular roofed supercells; So that the length of the long side of each super cell is approximately half the length of the long sides of the unit. The pairs of supercells are arranged end-to-end to form rows with the long sides of the supercells parallel to the long sides of the unit.

5 Fig. 5e shows a diagram of another representative rectangular solar module similar in layout to that in Fig. 5c lly in which all the solar cells comprising the supercells are chevron solar cells that have beveled corners corresponding to the corners of the pseudo-square wafer from which the cells are separated solar ones. Figure D shows a schematic diagram of another representative rectangular solar module of the same configuration Si in V

0 Fig. 5c in which the solar cells comprising the supercells comprise a mixture of chevron and rectangular solar cells arranged to reproduce the pseudo-chip shapes that

— 3 4 —

Figure 35 shows a diagram of another representative rectangular solar module similar in layout to that of V

Figure 5e, except that the adjacent chevron solar cells in the supercell are arranged in a pattern

Pictures match each other so that their overlapping edges have the same length.

Figure 6 shows a representative setup of three rows of supercells interconnected by the interconnects

Electroelasticity to place the supercells inside each row in series with each other (pan) and to place the

The rows are parallel to each other. It may be three rows in the solar module of the figure

For example, start.

Figure 17 shows a representative flexible interconnect that can be used to interconnect supercells on

in series or in parallel. Some of the examples show patterning that increases their flexibility (mechanical compatibility) 0 along their long axes » along their short axes; Or Joh for its long axes and its short axes.

Figure 17 illustrates representative long stress-removing interconnect bodies that can be used in non-sockets

manifested to the superlative LAY as described in the present application or as surface interconnections

Anterior or posterior terminal contacts of a supercell. Figures 7b-1 and 7b-2 show examples of

stress-relieving attributes beyond the surface. Figures 7B-1 and 7B-2 show a representative 5-long interconnect configuration that has extra-surface stress-relief features that can be used in concealed sockets

to super LAY or as interconnections to the front or back surface of terminal contacts

for a super cell.

Figure 18 shows details from Fig. 5d: a cross-section view of a representative solar module from Fig. 5d

Cd shows cross-section details of the electro-elastic interconnections associated with terminal 0 contacts on the back surface of the supercell arrays.

Figure 8b shows details c of Fig. 5d: a cross-section view of a representative solar module from

Figure 5d shows cross-section details of the associated flexible electrical interconnects

peripheral contacts of the anterior surface (bright side) of the supercell rows.

Figure 8c shows details b from Fig. 5d: a cross-section view of a representative solar module

Figure 5D shows cross-section details of flexible interconnects arranged to connect two cells

the superlatives between them in a row in succession.

Figure 8d-8g shows additional examples of electrical interconnections associated with a front terminal contact of a supercell at the end of a row of supercells; Adjacent to Sun Bang Edge. has been initialized

Analog interfaces to have a small footprint on the front surface of the unit.

Figure 19 shows a diagram of a representative rectangular solar module (AT) with six supercells

rectangular roof; such that the long side of each supercell has a length approximately the same as the side length

long unit. The supercells are arranged in six rows which are electrically connected on each other

0 parallel to each other and in parallel with a branching diode placed in a junction box on the back surface of the solar module. The electrical connections between the supercells and the branching diode are made by tapes embedded in the lamellar structure of the unit. Figure 9b shows a schematic diagram of another representative rectangular solar module comprising six rectangular roofed supercells; such that the long side of each supercell has a length approximately the same as the side length

5 long per unit approx. The supercells are arranged in six rows which are electrically connected in parallel (and) and in parallel with a branching diode housed in a junction box on the rear surface and close to the edge of the solar module. The second junction box is located on the rear surface near the opposite edge of the solar module. The electrical connection between the supercells and the branching diode is provided through an external cable between the junction box.

0 Figure 9c shows a rectangular glass-glass solar module comprising six rectangular roofed supercells; So that the long side of each supercell has a length approximately the same as the length of the long side of the unit. The supercells are arranged in six rows which are electrically connected in parallel to each other. The two boxes and joints are installed on opposite edges of the unit; and increase the active area of the unit.

— 6 3 — Figure 9 shows a side view of the solar module shown in Figure z9 . Figure 9e shows another representative solar module comprising six rectangular roofed supercells; So that the long side of each supercell has a length approximately the same as the length of the long side of the unit. The supercells are arranged in six rows; With three pairs of rows connected separately With three pairs of rows connected separately in the solar module. Figure 9f shows another representative solar module comprising six rectangular roofed supercells with the long side of each supercell having a length approximately the same as the length of the long side of the module. The supercells are arranged in six rows; With each row separately connected to the power management device in the solar module. 0 Figs. 39 #95 shows models (GAY) of unit level capacity management structures using roofed super LAY. Figure 110 shows a representative schematic electrical circuit diagram of a solar module as shown in Figure Cb. Figures 10b-1 and 10b-2 show a representative gale diagram of various electrical interconnections for a 5 solar module as shown in Figure 5b including a schematic circuit diagram in Figure 110. Figure 111 shows a representative schematic electrical circuit diagram for a solar module as shown in the shape

Figures 11B-1 15 2-01 Shows a Representative Physical Diagram of Various Electrical Interconnections of a Solar Module As Shown in Figure 15 Includes a Schematic Circuit Diagram in Figure JIT 0 Figures 11C-1 and 11C-2 Show Another Representative Physical Diagram of the Electrical Interconnections Various electrical interfaces for a solar module as shown in Figure 15 including a schematic circuit diagram in Figure 11

— 3 7 —

Figure 112 shows another representative circuit diagram of a solar module as shown in Figure 15 Figures 2 1-01 5 2-012 shows a representative physical diagram of various electrical interconnections of a solar module as shown in Figure 15 includes a schematic circuit diagram in Figure J12 ‏

Figures 12c-1; 12c-2; and 12c-3 shows another representative gale diagram of various electrical interconnections of a solar module as shown in Fig. 5 including a circuit schematic diagram in Fig. 112. Sa 113 shows another representative circuit diagram of a solar module as shown in Fig.

0 FIG. 13b shows a schematic diagram of another representative circuit for a solar module as shown in Fig. Cb. Figures 13C-1 and 13C-2 show a representative physical diagram of the various electrical interconnections of a solar module as shown in Figure 15, including a schematic circuit diagram in Figure 13A. Modified Cala, the physical layout of z 13 Jay 1 and 13 J-2 is proportional to a solar module as

5 illustrated in Fig. 5b includes a schematic diagram of the circuit in Fig. 13[b. Figure 14 shows a schematic diagram of another representative rectangular solar module comprising an array of rectangular roofed supercells; So that the long side of each supercell has a length approximately the same as the length of the short side of the unit. The pairs of supercells are arranged end-to-end to form rows with the long sides of the supercells parallel to the short side of the unit.

0 FIGURE 14B shows a representative circuit diagram of a solar module as shown in FIGURE 114. FIGURES 14C-1 and 14C-2 show a representative physical diagram of the various electrical interconnections of a PV module as shown in FIG. 114 includes a schematic circuit diagram of FIG. 14[B .

— 8 3 — FIGURE 15 shows a representative AT gale diagram of various electrical interconnections of a solar module as shown in FIGURE 5b including a schematic circuit diagram in FIGURE 110. FIGURE 16 shows a representative smart switch interconnection setup for two PV modules on straight.

Figure 17 shows a flowchart of a representative fabrication method for a solar module with supercells. Figure 18 shows a flowchart of another representative fabrication method for a solar module with supercells. Figures 119-319 show representative setups by which supercells can be ripened by heat and pressure. Figures 120-220 schematically show an analog device that can be used for cell cleavage

0 solar copied. The device may be particularly useful when used to split supercells that have been transcribed and have a conductive adhesive ligand applied to them. Figure 21 shows a representative white background wafer 'striped' with black stripes 'Ally' that can be used in solar modules with parallel rows of supercells to reduce visual contrast between the supercells and portions of the back wafer visible from the front of the module.

5 Fig. 122 shows a horizontal view of a conventional unit utilizing conventional strap connections under hot spot conditions. Figure 22b shows a horizontal view of a unit benefiting from modeled convection diffusion, also under hot spot conditions. Figures 23-123b show examples of super cell series diagrams with chamfered cells.

Units assembled in roofed bodies.

— 9 3 — Fig. 26 a Schematic diagram of the back surface (JUaall) of a solar module showing a representative electrical interconnection of the terminal electrical contacts of the front surface (sun side) of a supercell capped with a junction box on the back side Bas oll. Fig. 27 a Diagram of the back surface (JUaall) of a solar module showing a representative electrical interconnection of two or more roofed supercells in parallel; with electrical contacts

Terminal to the front surface (sun side) of the super cells connected to each other and to a junction box on the back side of the unit. Figure 28a Diagram of the back surface (JUaall) of a solar module showing a representative electrical interconnection AT of two or more supercells roofed in parallel; with contacts

0 electrical peripherals for the front surface (sun side) of the supercells connected to each other and a junction box on the back side Bas oll. Figure 29 shows segmented cross-section and perspective diagrams of two supercells illustrating the use of the elastic ll conductance sandwiched between the superimposed ends of adjacent supercells to electrically connect the supercells in series and to provide electrical connection to a junction box. Figure 129

5 shows an enlarged view of the area involved in in Fig. 29. Fig. 30 shows a representative supercell with electrical interconnections attached to its front and rear surface terminal contacts. Figure 30b shows two super WAYs of Figure 130 interconnected in parallel. Figures 31-31c show graphs of a representative back surface mineralization pattern that can be employed

0 Configure invisible sockets to supercells as described in the present order. Figures 32-33 show examples of the use of hidden sockets with interconnections that run approximately the entire width of the supercell.

— 0 4 — Figures 134-34c show examples of supercell related interconnects for back surface terminal contacts (Fig. 134) and front surface (Figs. 34b-34c). Covers the space between adjacent supercells but does not extend significantly inward along the longitudinal axis of rectangular solar cells.

Figures 137-1 through 37-3 show representative short concealed socket interconnect assemblies that have in-surface stress-relief features. Figures 138-1 through 38b-2 show representative short concealed outlet interconnect assemblies that have extra-surface stress-relief features.

0 Figures 1-39 and 2-139 mag are representative short discreet socket interconnections with alignment features. Figures 39b-1 and 39b-2 show a representative configuration of a short concealed outlet interconnect having asymmetric loop lengths. Figures 540 44-142 show schematics of a representative solar module using ale not shown. Figure 41 shows a representative electrical diagram of the solar module diagrams of Figures 40 and 42a-

5 44b. Figure 45 shows the current flow in a representative solar module with a junction bypass diode. J of Figs. 46-146 shows the relative motion between the components of a solar module resulting from thermal cycling in; Respectively; Parallel orientation of the supercell rows and perpendicular to the supercell rows of the solar module.

0 Figs. 47-147 (rag, respectively). Diagram of another representative solar module using concealed sockets and corresponding electrical diagram.

— 1 4 — Figs. 48-148) shows schematic diagrams of an auxiliary solar module using concealed sockets in combination with built-in bypass diodes. J of Figs. 9-19b shows box diagrams; on cca all of a solar module provides DC voltage Conventional transformer into a micro-inverter and a high-voltage solar module according to the description in the current request

High voltage DC to microtransformer.

Figures 050-150 show the fiat gale diagram and electrical diagrams eg high voltage solar modules with branching diodes. Figures 51a-55b show representative module-level power management architectures for high-voltage solar modules incorporating roofed supercells.

0 Figure 56 shows a representative arrangement of six supercells in six parallel rows with offsets to adjacent rows and interconnected in series by electrically flexible interconnections. A high voltage DC roofed solar cell connected electrically in parallel to each other and to a series transformer. Figure 57b shows a photovoltaic system of Figure 157 deployed on the roof of the building.

5 Figures 158-258 show an arrangement of current-limiting fuses and lly diodes that can be used to avoid a short-circuiting high voltage DC solar cell module from spreading large power generation in other high voltage DC roofed solar cell modules that are electrically connected in parallel. Figures 59-59b show representative installations in which two or more unit cells are

0 High voltage DC roofed solar connected electrically in parallel in the combiner box; Which may include current-limiting fuses and shielding diodes. Figures 60-660b each show a current vs. voltage and power vs. voltage schematic for a set of high voltage DC roofed solar cell modules connected electrically in parallel.

— 2 4 — The schematics of FIG. 160 are for a representative case in which no modules include the reverse biased solar cell. The diagrams of Fig. 60b are for a representative case in which some modules include one or more inverted solar cells. Figure 161 shows an example of a solar Sang utilizing about 1 branching diode per supercell. Figure 061 shows an example of a solar module utilizing branching diodes in SLA

Overlapping. Figure 61b shows a representative configuration of a branching diode connected between two adjacent supercells using an elastic electrical interconnection. Figures 062-162 are shown schematically; Respectively; Side and top view of another li splitter.

0 FIG. 163 schematically shows the use of an exemplary asymmetric vacuum pressure device to control the nucleation and propagation of cracks along the graph lines at the wafer slit. Fig. 63b schematically shows the use of a representative symmetric vacuum pressure fixture that provides less slit control than the fixture in Fig. 63a. I< ll 64 expresses as or for | . . I from top of part of Lo i 5s | Khawi - 5 .

Figures 62-162 (Sa 5 used in a crevice tool) Figure 165 and Figure 65b are provided respectively; 1. By Belt Sb Fig. 66 schematically shows a side view of a representative vacuum manifold that can be used in a slotting tool in Figs. 162-62b.

0 Fig. 67 schematically shows a split solar cell covering a representative ih _ wR _ belt and empty 1 device. FIG. 68 schematically shows the relative positions and orientations of the cleaved solar cell and unsliced portion of a standard size wafer from which the solar cell has been slit in a representative slitting process.

— 3 4 — Figures 369-169 schematically illustrate the apparatus and methods by which continuous slitting solar cells can be removed from a slitting tool. Figures 70-170c provide perpendicular views of another contrast image from a representative splitter in Figures 2-2 and b. Figure 171 and Figure 71b present perspective views from a representative slotting tool in Figures 70-170c at

Two different stages of the incision process. Figures 172-74b show details of the perforated belts and vacuum manifolds of a representative slotting tool in Figures 70-170c. Figures 175-575 detail several representative hole patterns Ally can use for belts

0 vacuum pressure perforated in a representative slotting tool in Figures 110-210. Figure 76 shows a representative front surface metallization pattern on a rectangular solar cell. Figures 77-177b show representative back surface mineralization patterns in rectangular solar cells. Figure 78 shows a representative front surface metallization pattern in a square solar cell that can be diced to form an array of rectangular solar cells each comprising a front surface metallization pattern

described in | (Lashka) 6. Figure 79 shows a representative back surface metallization pattern on an aerated solar cell that can be diced to form an array of rectangular solar cells each comprising a back surface metallization pattern shown in Figure 177 JS 80 represents a schematic diagram of a HIT sized solar cell Traditionally done

0 cubed in a WIA narrow-film solar panel using conventional slitting methods; This results in die split edges that enhance the tin solder combination.

Figures 181-581) schematically show the steps in a schematic method for dicing a solar cell

HITs are traditionally sized to narrow solar cell strips that lack edges

Slotted reinforce tin solder combination.

Figures 182-582) schematically show the steps in a gal representative method of dicing a conventionally sized HIT solar cell into narrow solar cell strips that lack

Slotted edges reinforce the tin solder combination.

Detailed description:

The following detailed description should be read with reference to the figures; where reference numbers are indicated

Identical to similar elements in all different shapes. visualization of shapes; which is not necessarily

Wy gan) 0 for a given scale; Models are selective and are not intended to restrict the scope of the invention. The detailed description shows for example; not exclusively; The foundations of the invention. This description can clearly permit a person skilled in the art to prepare and use the invention; describes many models; and settings » and contrast images; alternatives and uses of the invention; which includes what is believed to be at present the best way to implement the invention.

5 in accordance with its use in this specification and the accompanying claims; Single images '@' 'the' 5 'an' include associative references unless the context otherwise indicates. also; The term 'parallel' means 'parallel' or '50S parallel' and incorporates slight deviations from the parallel geometries rather than the need for the parallel equipment described in the present order to be precisely parallel. The term “vertical” means “50S vertical or vertical” and includes deviations from

0 Vertical geometries Yay from the need for A vertical fixture described in order all to be strictly vertical. The term 'square' means 'square or more square' and includes slight deviations from large square shapes; for example large square shapes with beveled corners (eg 'le' rounded or otherwise cut off at the tip). The term 'rectangular' shall mean 'rectangular or substantially rectangular' and shall include slight deviations from the rectangular forms; on

For example, highly rectangular shapes with beveled corners (eg “JB rounded

or otherwise cut off).

Scope This specification discloses high-efficiency silicon solar cell roofing equipment for solar panels

solar cell modules; As well as patterns of metallization of the front and back surface and interconnections of the solar cells, which can be used in the equipment mentioned. This standard also discloses methods for the manufacture of Jie

These solar modules. Solar cell modules may be usefully used under illumination

(single ued) (unconcentrated); may include physical lad and electrical specifications allowing for replacement

Silicon solar cell modules.

Figure 1 shows a cross-section view of a series of solar cells connected in series 10

0 arranged in a capped manner with adjacent solar cell terminals superimposed and electrically connected to form a supercell 100. Each solar cell 10 comprises a semiconductor diode structure and semiconductor diode electrical contacts by means of which the electric current generated in the solar cell 10 when illuminated by light to an external load. In the examples described in this specification; Each solar cell consists of 10 crystalline solar cells

5 Silicon Comprising front surface (sun side) and back surface (umbrella side) metallization patterns Provides electrical contact with opposite sides of a 7-0 connector Front surface metallization pattern placed on a Type 7 conductive semiconductor layer and back surface metallization pattern placed on A semiconductor layer of type 0 conductivity. However any other suitable solar cell can use a suitable material system AT diode structure; physical dimensions; or can use

0 electrical contact fitting in place of or in addition to the solar cells 10 in the solar modules described in this specification. For example; The front surface metallization pattern (sun side) may be applied to a semiconductor layer of type 0 conductivity; The metallization pattern is a back surface (shaded side) placed on a semiconductor layer of Type 7 conductivity.

Referring again to Figure 1 in an ultracell 100 the adjacent solar cells 10 are conductively connected to each other in the region in which the cells are overlapped by an electrically conductive ribbon material that electrically connects the metallization pattern of the front surface of one solar cell to the metallization pattern of the rear surface of the adjacent solar cell. eg Lilie conductive binding materials may include materials

electrically conductive adhesive, electrically conductive adhesive films and adhesive tapes; and traditional tin solders. preferably An electrically conductive bonding material provides mechanical compatibility in the bond between adjacent solar cells that accommodates the potential arising from the mismatch between the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of an electrically conductive bonding material for solar cells (eg, silicon CTE). To provide said mechanical compatibility; In some contrasting images, an electrically conductive binding material is selected

0 to have a glass transition temperature less than or equal to about 0 C. To further reduce and accommodate the voltage parallel to the edges of the superimposed solar cells arising from the CTE mismatch, the electrically conductive bonding material can optionally be placed only at discrete locations along the superimposed regions of the solar LAY rather than in a continuous line that extends significantly along the edges of the solar cells. . The electrically conductive bonding sheath between adjacent superimposed solar WAYs is formed by the bonding material

5 electrically conductive; measured vertically on the front and back surfaces of the solar cells; It may, for example, be less than about 0.1 mm. Such thin bonding reduces resistive losses at the LOAD interface and also enhances hall flow along the supercell from any hot spot in the supercell that may develop during operation. The thermal conductivity of the interconnector between solar cells may be, for example » > Approximately 1.5 W / (Ke).

0 FIG. 12 shows a front surface of a representative rectangular solar cell 10 that can be used in supercell 100. Other shapes of solar cell 10 (Lal) can be used as appropriate. In the example shown, the metallization pattern of the front surface of solar cell 10 includes a busbar 15 mm. Place it adjacent to the edge of one of the long sides of the solar cell 10 and walk in a Sige manner to the long sides for the entire length of the substantially long sides; fingers 20 are attached

perpendicular to the carrier rod and run parallel to each other and to the short sides of the solar cell 10 for the full length of the short sides significantly. In the example of Figure 12, solar cell 10 has a length of about 156 ae, a width of about 26 mm; Hence the aspect ratio (length of short side / length of long side) is about 1:6. Six of the mentioned solar cells can be prepared on a silicon wafer with standard dimensions of 156 mm x 156 mm.

millimeter; And then separated (cubed) to provide solar cells, as shown. in other contrasts; Eight 10 solar cells can be prepared having dimensions of about 19.5 mm cae 156 X and therefore a Leb ratio of about 1:8; of a standard silicon wafer. in general; Solar cells may have 10 aspect ratios; For example » about 1:2 to about 1:20 and can be prepared from standard size wafers or

0.0 of wafers of any other suitable dimensions. Figure 13 shows a representative method by which a uniformly sized silicon pseudo-solar cell wafer can be cut and cut Fig. 45; Break it down or otherwise partition it to configure a rectangular solar WAN as described earlier. In this example several full-width 10 gia central rectangular solar cells are cut from a wafer; In addition, many are cut

5 Shorter rectangular solar cells 510 from the terminal parts of the wafer and beveled or rounded corners are eliminated from the wafer. L10 solar LAY can be used to configure single width roofed supercells; The 510 solar cells can be used to form super-roof cells with a narrower width. Coyly, beveled corners (eg rounded) can be retained in the cells

0 solar panels cut from the terminal parts of the wafer. Figures 2b-2c show the front surfaces of representative rectangular 'chevron' 10 solar cells similar in degree to those in Fig. 2 but incorporating beveled corners retained from a wafer from which the solar cells were cut. In Figure 2b; An adjacent conveyor rod 15 is placed with a belt parallel to two of the shorter long sides substantially along that side; It furthermore extends at each of the extremities at least in part

5 about the beveled corners of the solar cell. in Figure 2c; Conveyor rail 15 was placed adjacent and belt

Parallel to two of the longer long sides of that side is significantly longer. Figures 3b-3c show front and back views of a square pseudo-foil 45 that can be diced along the dashed lines shown in Fig. 3c to provide an array of 10 solar cells that have front surface metallization patterns similar to those shown in Fig. 2a; and two WAY beveled solar 10s that have front surface mineralization patterns similar to those shown in Figure 2b. In a representative front surface metallization pattern shown in Figure 2b; Two end segments of a carrier rod 15 extending around the beveled corners of the cell may have a width that decreases progressively (gradually narrower) with increasing distance oda from a carrier rod located adjacent to the long side of the cell. similarly; In a representative front surface metallization pattern shown in Figure 3b; Two terminal segments of the 0 thin conductor connecting the discrete contacts 15 interfacially extend around the beveled corners of the solar cell and gradually decrease with increasing distance from a long side of the solar cell along which the discrete contacts are arranged. Said tapers are optional; but it may usefully reduce the use of metal and shade the active region of the solar cell without increasing the resistive loss by 5 Figs. 3-23 show front and back views of the ideal square wafer of Fig. 47 which can be diced along the dashed lines shown in Fig. 3e to provide an array of solar cells 0 It has front surface mineralization patterns similar to those shown in Figure 2a. Rectangular beveled solar cells can be used to form supercells that include only beveled solar cells. in the form of lal or alternatively; One or more of these 0 bevelled rectangular solar cells can be used in combination with one or more non-bevelled rectangular solar cells (eg; Fig. 12) to form the supercell. For example, the terminal solar cells of the supercell may be solar cells beveled solar cells; and non-beveled solar cells for middle solar cells. If beveled solar cells are used in combination with un-beveled solar cells in the ABW cell or generally in a Bang solar cell, dimensions of the solar cells resulting in 25 may be required. LAY beveled and non-beveled solar panels

which comprise the same front surface area exposed to light during solar cell operation. Matching the areas of the solar cell in this way matches the output current in the beveled and non-beveled solar cells; This improves the performance of a series continuum that includes both beveled and non-beveled solar cells. The areas of beveled and unbeveled solar cells cut from the same dummy-shaped wafer can be matched; For example; By adjusting the positions of the lines along which the wafer is diced to manufacture beveled solar cells that are slightly wider than beveled solar cells in a direction perpendicular to their long axes; To equalize the missing corners in the beveled solar cells. A solar module may comprise only supercells consisting exclusively of bevelled rectangular 0 solar cells; or only supercells consisting of rectangular beveled solar cells; or supercells only that include beveled and non-bevelled solar cells; or any combination of these three variants of a supercell. In some examples, a standard-sized pseudo-squall wafer or square solar cell wafer (eg JU wafer 45 or wafer 47) close to the edges of the squall wafer may be converted into electricity with a lower efficiency than parts of the wafer further from the squall. Edges To improve the efficiency of the resulting rectangular solar cells In some variants one or more of the wafer edges are trimmed to eliminate parts less efficiently before dicing the wafer The trimmed portions of the wafer edges may have width values from about 1 mm to about 5 mm; In addition to the above, as shown in Figures 3b and 3d, two peripheral solar cells 10 to be cubed from a wafer can be oriented with the front surface conducting rails 0 (or separate contact pads) 15 along their outer edges and thus along two Wafer edges In the ultra cells disclosed in this specification because the conducting rods (or separate contact pads) 15 are typically overlapped with the adjacent solar cell, the low light conversion efficiency along two wafer edges does not typically affect solar cell performance. Accordingly, in some contrasting images, the edges of a square wafer or 5 square pseudo-shaped oriented parallel to the short sides of rectangular solar cells are chamfered according to

described lida and not with the wafer edges oriented parallel to the long sides of the rectangular solar cells. in other contrasts; one is pruned; two; three; or al edges of a square-shaped wafer (eg wafer 47 in Fig. 3d) as previously described. In contrast GAT images one “two” (ED) or four long edges of the pseudo-square wafer are trimmed as previously described. Solar cells with long, narrow aspect ratios and areas smaller than that of a standard 156 mm solar cell can be used. X 156 mm, as shown, is useful for lowering the 15552555 resistive power loss values in the solar cell modules disclosed in this specification. decreases current produced in the solar cell; and directly reduces resistive capacity losses in the solar cell and in series connected of said solar cells.Furthermore, said rectangular solar cells can be arranged in supercell 100 such that currents flow through the supercell parallel to the short sides of the The solar cell reduces the distance that the current has to flow through the semiconductor material to reach the 20 fingers in pattern 5 metallization of the front surface and reduces the required length of the fingers, which Load lowers the resistive power. WAY superimposed solar panels 10 to each other in an overlapping area of them to connect the solar cells electrically in series from the length of the electrical connection between adjacent solar cells; Compared to conventional loop-connected series solar cells. 0 This also reduces resistive power loss. Referring again to Figure 2a; In the example shown, the metallization pattern of the front surface of the solar cell 10 comprises the shunt conductor 40 voltaic running parallel and spaced from the busbar 15. (Said shunt conductor may also be optionally used in the metallization patterns shown in Figures 2b-2c; 3b; and 3d; and is Also shown in Fig. 2f in combination with separate contact pads 5 15 instead of a continuous busbar). The conversion connector connects 40 fingers

0 Interface to electrically transform cracks that may form between the busbar 15 and the shunt conductor 40. Said cracks can; lly may cut the fingers 20 at locations close to the busbar 15 otherwise isolate regions of the solar cell 10 from the busbar 15. The shunt conductor provides an alternate electrical path between said cut fingers and the busbar.

The example shown shows the shunt conductor 40 positioned parallel to the busbar 15; Extends around the full length of the busbar (JB) and an interconnection per finger 20. This arrangement may be preferred but is not necessary. The ean shunt connector does not have to point parallel to the busbar nor does it have to extend the entire length of the busbar. In addition to the above The shunt connector interconnects at least two fingers; it does not have to interconnect all fingers. Two or more connectors may be used.

0 Short shunt Yau from long shunt connector; For example. Any suitable combination of switching connectors may be used. The use of such transfer conductors is described in more detail in US Patent Application Serial No. 371¢790/13 under the title “Solar Cell With cMetallization Compensating For Or Preventing Cracking” filed February 13, 2012 and included in the present application by reference in their entirety .

5 A representative front surface metal pattern of Fig. 12 also includes an optional terminal connector 42 that interconnects the fingers 20 at their distal ends; opposite the busbar 15. (Ka) The use of the terminal conductor also mentioned is optionally in the metallization patterns shown in Figures 2b-2c; 3b; and 3d; and 2p). Connector 42 may be roughly the same width as finger 20; For example. The conductor connects 42 fingers 20 interfacially to electrically transform the cracks that may form between a conductor

0 Transfer 40 and Connector 42; It then provides a current path to the busbar 15 for regions of the solar cell 10 that might otherwise be electrically insulated by said faults. Although some of the examples shown show the front busbar 15 extending substantially along the long sides of the solar cell 10 of uniform width; This is not necessary. For example; As previously hinted at, the front carrier rod 15 can be replaced by two or

5 more than 15 separate front surface contact pads which can be arranged eg;

in line with each other along the solar cell side 10 as shown in Figures 2h; 2p; and 3b for example. Said separate contact pads may be optionally interconnected by thinner conductors running between them as shown for example in the figures just mentioned. In the contrasting images mentioned; The width of the contact pads measured perpendicular to the long side of the solar cell for example may range from about 2 to about 20 times the width of the conductors

The thin film that interfacially connects the contact pads. There may be a separate contact pad (eg a small Jal) for each finger in the front surface metallization pattern; or each contact pad may be attached to two or more fingers. The front surface contact pads 15 may be square or have an elongated rectangular shape parallel to the edge of the solar cell, eg

0 front 15 vertical widths on the long side of the solar cell ranging from about 1 mm to about 1.5 µm for example Jia! and lengths parallel to the long side of the solar cell from about 1 mm to about 10 mm for example. Spacing may range Between contact pads 15 measured parallel to the long side of the solar cell from about 3 mm to about 30 mm, eg.

5 Separate front contacts 15 and include fingers 20 only in the metallization pattern of the front surface. In the aforementioned variants, the current collection functions (Sa) can be otherwise performed by the front bus bar 15 or the contact pads 15 instead, or partially performed by the conductive material used to connect two solar cells 10 together in The superimposed configuration described earlier.

0 The solar cells tap to each bus bar 15 and the contact pads 15 may comprise either the transfer conductor 40; or does not include the shunt connector 40. If the busbar and contact pads 15 are not present; The shunt connector 40 may be arranged to shunt the cracks that form between the shunt connector and a portion of the metallization pattern of the front surface conductively attached to the superimposed solar cell.

a mineralization pattern may form for the front surfaces; which includes the busbar or separate contact pads 15; fingers 20; Transfer Connector 40 (if equipped); terminal connector 42 (if any); for example JO of silver paste traditionally used for the said purposes and deposited”; For example; By traditional screen printing methods. alternatively The metallization pattern of the front surfaces may consist of electrophoretic copper. Any other appropriate materials and processes can also be used. in contrasts in which the metallization pattern of the front surface consists of silver; The use of separate front surface contact gaskets 15 instead of a conductive conductive rod 15 along the edge of a cell reduces the amount of silver in the solar cell; Which reduces the cost in a beneficial way. In contrast forms in which the metallization pattern of the front surface consists of copper or 0 of the AT conductor is less expensive than silver; The Continuous Carrier 15 can be employed without suffering cost disadvantages. Figures 2-52 show «3c; and 3e, representative back surface mineralization patterns of the solar cell. In these examples, back surface metallization patterns include separate back surface contact gaskets 25 arranged along one long edge of the back surface of the solar cell and a metal contact 30 that largely covers all remaining back surface of the solar cell. in a roofed supercell; The contact pads 25 shall be attached eg to the bus bar or to separate contact pads arranged along the edge of an upper surface of the adjacent solar cell superimposed to electrically connect two solar cells in series. For example (JB) each separate back-surface contact pad 25 can be aligned with and bonded to a corresponding separate front-surface contact pad 15 on a front surface of the solar cell 0 superimposed by the electrically conductive bond applied only to the separate contact pads. Separate contact pads 25 may be are square in shape (Fig. 2d) or have an elongated rectangular shape parallel to the edge of the solar cell (Figs. 2e-2g; 23 3e), eg. 25 contact pads may have widths perpendicular to the long side of the solar cell ranging from about 1 mm to about 5 cae for example” and lengths parallel to the long side of the solar cell ranging from 5 of about 1 mm to about 10 mm for example. The spacing of the contact pads may be 25

measured parallel to the long side of the solar cell from about 3mm to about 30mm; For example. contact may form 30; For example » of aluminum and/or electrophoretic copper. A typical 30 aluminum back contact configuration provides a back surface field that reduces back surface recombination in the solar cell and thus improves the efficiency of the solar cell. If contact 30 is composed of copper rather than aluminium, contact 30 may be used in combination with another quenching scheme (eg; aluminum oxide) to similarly reduce the ale] back surface turbulence. Separate contact pads may form 25; For example; of silver paste. The use of separate 25 Yay silver contact pads of 0 continuous silver contact padding along the edge of the cell reduces the amount of silver in a back surface metallization pattern; Which works to reduce the cost in a beneficial way. In addition to the above; IF solar WAY relies on the back surface field provided by an aluminum contact configuration to reduce back surface retuning; The use of discrete silver contacts instead of a continuous silver contact may improve the efficiency of the solar cell. This is because the silver 5 contact of the back surface does not present the back surface field and therefore tends to promote tin soldering and produce passive (inactive) volumes in solar cells above the silver contacts. In traditionally strip-organized solar cell chains these passive volumes are typically shaded by conductive bands and/or bars on a front surface of the solar cell; Thus, it does not result in any additional loss of efficiency. In solar cells and supercells detected in the current 0 order; However; The solar cell size of the back surface silver contact pads 5 is not typically shaded by any front surface metallization; Any dead volumes resulting from the use of back-surface metallization with silver reduce cell efficiency. The use of separate silver 25 contact pads instead of a continuous silver contact pad along the edge of the back surface of the solar cell thus reduces the size of any such dead zones and increases the efficiency of the solar cell.

In contrast images do not rely on the posterior surface area to reduce posterior surface retuning; The rear surface metallization pattern may employ a continuous busbar 25 that runs the length of the solar cell in place of separate contact pads 25; As shown for example in Fig. 2f. The conductor rod 25 mentioned for example JO may consist of tin or silver.

Other variants of back surface metallization patterns may employ separate tin contact gaskets 25. Variations of back surface metallization patterns may employ finger contacts similar to those shown in the front surface metallization pattern in Figures 12-22 and may lack the contact pads and busbar. Although the specific representative solar cells shown in the figures are described as including

0 on specific combinations of front and back surface metallization patterns; In general any combination of front and back surface metallization patterns can be used. For example; A suitable combination may employ a front surface metallization pattern of silver comprising the separate contact pads 15 (fingers 20; optional transfer connector 40; a back surface metallization pattern comprising aluminum contacts 30 and the separate contact pads of silver 25). Another suitable combination may employ a front surface metallization pattern from sensitization

5 incorporating continuous busbar 15 (fingers 20; optional transfer connector 40; back surface metallization pattern incorporating continuous busbar 25 and copper contacts 30). In the supercell manufacturing process (described in more detail Lad below) the sale can be dispensed with Electrically conductive tape used to bond adjacent superimposed solar cells in the supercell only in contact pads (separate or continuous) at the edge of the front or back surface of the cell

0 solar; Not in the parts surrounding the solar cell. This reduces the use of the substance and »as previously described; It may reduce or equalize the voltage arising from the CTE mismatch between the electrically conductive bond sale and the solar cell. However; during or after sedimentation and before ripening; A shal of electrically conductive ribbon material may tend to diffuse past the contact pads and into the surrounding parts of the solar cell. For example, a binder resin can be drawn from electrically conductive Jal ale

5 A gasket contacts adjacent airtight or porous parts of the solar cell surface by means of forces

noodles. Additionally, during the deposition process some of the conductive Jal may lose its contact charge and instead be deposited on adjacent portions of the solar cell surface; It is likely to spread. This inaccurate spreading and/or deposition of the conductive material may weaken the bond between the superimposed solar cells and may damage parts of the solar cell on which the conductive material is improperly spread or deposited. The aforementioned diffusion of the conductive binder can be reduced

electrically or avoid it; For example; Using a metallization pattern to form a seal or barrier near or around each contact pad to hold the highly conductive bond material in place. As shown in Figures 2H-2K; For example; The metallization pattern of the front surface may include separate contact pads 15, fingers 20 and baffles 17; Each with 17 barrier surrounds

0 with a corresponding contact pad 15 and performs a sealing function to form a trench between the contact pad and barrier. The parts 19 sale bond of immature conductive adhesive sale 18 that flow from the contact packings can be trapped; or which lose contact pads when disposed of on the solar cell; By parapets 17 to trenches. This prevents further diffusion of the conductive adhesive matrix from the contact pads to the pericellular compartments. Fenders 17 may consist of the same material as Fingers 20 and gaskets

5 contact 15 Je) sabil (Jha silver); For example; may have heights from about 0 µm to about 40 µm; For example; width values from about 30 microns to about 100 microns; For example. The trench formed between baffle 17 and contact pad 15 may have a width from about 100 microns to about 2 mm; For example. Although the examples shown include a single baffle 17 only around each front contact pad 15; in

0 other contrasts Two or more of the said barriers may be located concentrically; For example; around each contact insert. A pad in contact with a frontal surface and one or more of its surrounding septa may form a shape similar to a 'cana'; For example. As shown in Figure 2h; For example, barriers 17 can interconnect with fingers 20 and with thin conductors that connect contact pads 15 between them.

similarly; aby for the one shown in Figures 2l-2n; For example; A back surface metallization pattern may include the separate back contact shims 25 (eg; silver); Contact (eg aluminum) 30 covers substantially all remaining back surface of the solar cell; barriers (eg; silver) 27; With each baffle 27 surrounded by a corresponding rear contact pad 25 and performs a bridging function to create a trench between the contact pad and baffle. can part of

toucher 30 trench fill; As it turns out. Portions of immature conductive adhesive sale binder flowing out of contact pads 25 or that are missing contact pads when dispensed can be trapped on the solar cell; By parapets 27 to the trenches. This prevents the conductive adhesive binder from spreading further from the contact pads to the pericellular compartments.

0 septa 27 may have heights from about 10 µm to about 40 µm; For example; width values from about 50 microns to about 500 microns; For example. A trench formed between bulkhead 27 and a padding (ued 25) may have a width from about 100 microns to about 2 cas for example. Although the examples shown include a single bulkhead 27 only around each padding contacting a back surface 25; in pics Another heterojunction can locate two or more

5. Of the barriers mentioned concentric for example; around each contact insert. A contact pad may form a back surface and one or more surrounding barriers have a shape similar to 'aoa' 'sada' for example. A continuous conducting rod or a contact pad running substantially along the edge of the solar cell may also be surrounded by a barrier that prevents diffusion of the binder conductive adhesive, for example;

0 Figure 2f shows said diaphragm 27 surrounding the rear surface carrier rod 25. A front surface carrier rod (eg, carrier rod 15 in Fig. 12) may be fles flanked by the baffle. Similarly, a row of contact pads may be The front or rear deck is enclosed in group form by said bulkhead, rather than individually by independent bulkheads.

Yau from enclosing the carrier rod or one or more contact pads as previously described; may be

A front or back surface metallization pattern feature forms a baffle that runs substantially the length of the solar cell

parallel to the edge of the superimposed solar cell; With positioning of the carrier rod or contact gaskets between

Barrier and edge of the solar cell. Said barrier may double performance in the form of the transfer connector (described earlier). For the example of Jal in Figure 2p, the switching conductor presents 40 inclined bulkheads

To avoid spreading immature conductive adhesive bonding material onto the contact pads 15 to

The active area of the front surface of the solar cell. A similar fixture can be used for metallic patterns

back surface.

Conductive adhesive bonding diffusion barriers may be spaced farther from the contact pads or busbars

0 _ to form a trench as previously described; But this is not required. Said barriers may alternatively abut a contact pad or the carrier rod; As shown in Figures 2h or 2p for example. In the aforementioned variants the diaphragm is preferably longer than the contact pad or busbar; To trap an immature conductive adhesive bonding material in the contact pad or carrier rod. Although Figures 2h and 2h show parts of a frontal surface metallization pattern; can use

5 similar equipment for back surface metal patterns. Barriers may be located to spread conductive adhesive bonding material and/or ditches between said barriers and contact pads or busbars; and any sale of conductive adhesive bandage spread to said trenches; optionally within a region of the solar cell surface overlaid by the adjacent solar cell in the supercell; And therefore, it is not visible in the view and is roofed from exposure to solar radiation.

0 as an alternative or additionally to the use of barriers as previously described; Electrically conductive binder may be precipitated using a mask or by any other suitable method (eg; screen printing) that allows precise deposition Jilly requires smaller amounts of electrically conductive binder that is less likely to diffuse further than the contacts or miss the contacts during deposition .

in general; The solar cells 10 may employ any suitable front and back surface metallization patterns. FIG. 14 shows gia from a front surface of a representative rectangular supercell 100 comprising the solar cells 10 as shown in Fig. 12 arranged in a roofed manner as shown in FIG. 1. As a result of the roofed geometry; There is no physical void between the 10 pairs of solar cells. Additionally; Although the conductor rod 15 of the solar cell 10 is at one end of a supercell

0 be Sipe ¢ The bus bars (or front surface contact gaskets) of other solar cells are not visible under overlapping portions of adjacent solar WIA. As a result; The 100 Supercell efficiently uses the space it takes up in a Solar Bang. Almost all of the space is available to produce more electricity than in the case of conventionally structured solar cell installations

0 and solar cell assemblies comprising many visible bus bars on the surface (slid) of the solar cell. Figures B-4c show front and back views; Respectively; for another 100 representative supercell comprising primarily the beveled rectangular silicon chevron solar cell but otherwise similar to that of Fig. 4a. In the example shown in Figure M4 the transfer conductors 40 are not visible by overlapping parts

5. From the neighborhood. alternatively Solar cells comprising shunt contactors 40 may be similarly stacked as shown in Figure 14 without covering the shunt contactors. The conductor rod exposed to a front surface 15 at one end of a Super 100 cell and metallization of the rear surface of the solar cell at the other end of a Super 100 cell provides the positive and negative terminal (terminal) contacts of the Super cell which can be used to electrically connect the Super 100 cell to the cells

0 and/or electrical components (AY) upon request. Adjacent solar cells may be overlapped into a super cell of 100 by any suitable amount; For example by from about 1 millimeter (mm) to about 3 mm. As shown in Figures 5-5g; For example; Roofed supercells as previously described may efficiently fill the solar module space. fia these solar modules can be awful

or rectangular; For example. Rectangular solar modules, as shown in Figures 15-35, may have short sides that have length; For example » about 1 meter and long sides have a length; For example; From about 1.5 to about 2.0 metres. Any other suitable shapes and dimensions of solar modules can also be used. Any suitable supercell arrangement can be used in a solar module. in a square or rectangular solar module; Supercells are typically arranged in rows parallel to the short or long sides of the solar module. Each row may contain one of two; or more end-to-end arranged supercells. The 100 ein supercell of Bang forms said solar which may comprise any suitable number of solar cells 10 and be of any suitable length. In some contrast 0 forms all supercells have a length of 100 approximately equal to the length of the short sides of a rectangular solar module of which gh is mentioned. In the GAT variant, the super LIAN 100 is approximately half the length of the short sides of a rectangular solar module of which the LIAN is a part. In other variations, the supercells have a length of 100 approximately equal to the length of the long sides of a rectangular solar module of which gia is mentioned. In other variations, the 100 supercells have a length equal to about 5 half the length of the long sides of a rectangular solar module of which ga is mentioned. The number of solar cells required to make supercells of these lengths depends, of course, on the dimensions of the solar module; solar cell dimensions; And the amount of overlay of adjacent solar cells. Any other lengths suitable for supercells can also be used. in contrast, in which the supercell 100 has a length approximately equal to the length of the short sides of a rectangular solar module; The supercell may include ;. For example (Jaa on 56 rectangular solar cells have dimensions of about 19.5 le meters (mm) by about 156 cae with adjacent solar cells superimposed by about 3 mm. Eight of the said rectangular solar cells can be separated from a conventional square wafer or pseudo-square 156 mm. Alternatively said super cell may comprise. For example » a 38 WAY rectangular solar panel having dimensions of about 26 mm by about 156 mm; 5 with adjacent solar cells overlapping by about 2 mm. Six can be separated of solar cells

Said rectangular from a conventional square or pseudo-square wafer 156 mm thick. in contrast, in which the 100 supercell has a length approximately equal to half the length of the short sides of a rectangular solar module; may include supercell. For example; The 28 WAY rectangular sun has dimensions of about a millimeter (mm) by about 156 mm. With an overlay of adjacent solar cells by about 3

5 mm. alternatively Said supercell may include; For example, 19 rectangular solar cells have dimensions of about 26 mm by about 156 mm, with an overlap of adjacent solar cells by about 2 mm. In the Ally variant, the supercell has a length of 100 approximately equal to the length of the long sides of a rectangular solar module; A cell (dll for example Jha) may have 72 solar AY

0 rectangular has dimensions of about 26 mm by about 156 mm; With an overlap of adjacent solar cells by about 2 mm. In the variant Allg in which the 100 supercell has a length approximately equal to half the length of the long sides of a rectangular solar module; may include supercell. For example » on 36 rectangular solar cells have dimensions of about 26 mm by about 156 cae with an overlap of adjacent solar cells by about 2 mm.

5 Figure 15 shows a representative rectangular solar module 200 comprising twenty super-rectangular cells 100 each having a length approximately one-half the length of the short sides of the solar module. The supercells are arranged end-to-end in pairs to form ten rows of supercells; The rows and long sides of the supercells are oriented parallel to the short sides of the solar module. In contrast (GAT) forms each row of supercells may contain three or more cells

0 over super cells. load as files A configured solar module may have more or fewer super LAY rows than shown in this example. (Fig. 114, for example, shows a solar module comprising twenty-four rectangular WAY supercells arranged in twelve rows of two supercells.) The blank 210 shown in Figure 15 facilitates the provision of electrical contact with the terminal contacts of a surface

5 anterior (eg » bus bar contacts or exposed 15 breakaways) of the cells

Ultra 100 along the centerline of the solar module; In contrast, in which the supercells in each row are so arranged that at least one of them has terminal contact with an anterior surface at the end of the supercell adjacent to another supercell in a row. For example; Two supercells may be in an arranged row with one supercell having terminal contact with its front surface along the centerline and another supercell having terminal contact with its back surface along the centerline. In the aforementioned arrangement two supercells may be in a row electrically connected in series by means of an interconnection arranged along the center line of the solar module and connected to an end contact of the front surface of one super cell and to a terminal contact of the back surface of another super cell. (See for example in Figure 8c discussed below.) in contrast 0 images in which each row of supercells contains three or more supercells; Additional voids may exist between the supercells and may similarly facilitate the provision of electrical contact with front surface terminal contacts located away from the sides of the solar module. Figure 5b shows a representative rectangular solar module 300 comprising ten 100' rectangular supercells each having a length approximately equal to the length of the short sides of the solar module. 5 The supercells are arranged in ten parallel rows with their long sides oriented parallel to the short sides of the unit. Similarly a configured solar module may have more or fewer rows of sidewall supercells of said length less than shown in this example. Figure 5b Also, the figure of solar module 200 in Figure 315 Alla shows that there are no spaces between adjacent supercells in the rows of supercells in solar module 200. The void 210 0 in Figure 5a can be thinned; (Jha) by arranging the supercells so that each of the supercells in each row has terminal contacts to its posterior surface along the unit center line. In this case the supercells may be arranged almost adjacent to each other with little or no additional space between them because access to the front surface of the supercell is not required along the center of the unit. alternatively Two of the 100 supercells in row may be arranged with one having 5 on its front surface end contact along the side of the unit and back surface end contact

It has along the center line of the unit; Others include the terminal contacts of its anterior surface along the unit center line and the terminal contacts of its posterior surface along the opposite side of the module, and the edges of adjacent superimposed supercells. The flexible interconnection may be confined between the overlapping ends of the ABD cells without shading any gia from the front surface of the solar module; to provide delivery

Sel 5 with terminal contact on the anterior surface of one supercell and terminal contact on the posterior surface of another supercell. For rows containing three or more supercells, the above two methods can be used in combination. The super cells and LAY super arrays shown in Figures 5a-5b may be interconnected by any suitable combination of electrical connections in series and in parallel; For example

0 as further described below in relation to Figures 10A-15. Interconnections may form between supercells. For example; Using flexible interconnections in a manner similar to that described below. Lad of Figs. 5c-c and the following. As shown by many of the examples described in this specification; The supercells of the solar modules described herein may be Lin-connected by a combination of parallel Jeg-series connections to provide a voltage

5 The output of the module is very much the same as the output voltage of a conventional solar module. In the above cases the output current of a solar module may also be the same as the output current of a conventional solar module. alternatively As further described below Lad the supercells in Bang solar may be interconnected to provide significantly higher output voltage to the solar module than the output voltage provided by conventional solar modules.

0 Figure 5c shows a representative rectangular solar module 350 comprising six of the rectangular supercells 100; Each has a length approximately equal to the length of the long sides of the solar module. The supercells are arranged in six parallel rows with their long sides oriented parallel to the long sides of the unit. Similarly a configured solar module may have more or less BT rows of supercells with a side length of said than shown in this

5 example. Each super cell in this example (and in many of the examples that follow) has 72 cells

Rectangular parasols each having a width equal to approximately 1/6 the width of 156 mm. The wafer is square or pseudo-square. Any other suitable number of rectangular solar WAYs having any other suitable dimensions may also be used. In this example the terminal contacts of a front surface of supercells are electrically connected to each other by flexible interconnections 400 placed adjacent to and running parallel to the edge of one short side of the unit. The terminal contacts of the rear surface of the supercells are similarly interconnected by flexible interconnections placed adjacent to and running parallel to the edge of the short side (AY) behind the solar module. The back surface interconnections are not shown in the view in Fig. 5c. This device electrically connects supercells with a length of six units in parallel. The details of the flexible interconnections and their equipment in these 0 solar units and others are discussed in more detail below in connection with Figures 6-8g. Figure 5d shows a representative rectangular solar module 360 comprising A tenth of a rectangular supercell 0. Each has a length approximately equal to half the length of the long sides of the module. The supercells are arranged end-to-end in pairs to form six rows of ABW cells with the rows and long sides of the supercells oriented parallel to the long sides of the solar module. 5 in other variants; Each row of supercells may contain three or more supercells. also; A similarly configured solar module may have more or fewer super LAY rows than shown in this example. Each supercell in this example (and in many of the examples that follow) comprises 36 rectangular solar cells each with a width of approximately 1 by 156 mm square or pseudo-square wafer. Any other suitable number of rectangular solar cells of any other suitable dimensions can also be used. The 410 blank facilitates the provision of terminal contact electrical contacts to a front surface of 100 supercells along the center line of the solar module. In this example; Flexible interconnections 400 were placed adjacent to and running parallel to the edge of one short side of the unit electrically interconnecting front surface terminal contacts of six supercells. similarly; Flexible interconnections are placed adjacent to and running slee 5 to the edge of the short side (AY) of the unit behind the unit electrically connect surface terminal contacts

posterior to six other supercells. Flexible interconnectors (not shown in this figure) positioned with a length of 410 interspace space connect each pair of supercells in a row respectively and; optionally; It extends laterally to interconnect adjacent rows in parallel. This fixture connects six super LAY rows electrically in parallel. Optionally" in a first group of cells

A supercell is a first supercell in each row electrically connected in parallel to a first supercell in each of the other rows» In a second group of supercells a second supercell is electrically connected in parallel to a second supercell in each of the other rows; Two sets of supercells are electrically connected in series. The latter arrangement allows each of the two sets of supercells to be placed individually in parallel with a branching diode.

0 The details in Fig. 5d locate a cross-section view shown in Fig. 18 of the interconnect from the end contacts of the rear surface of the supercells along the edge of one short side of the unit. Detail 8 similarly locates the cross-section view shown in Fig. 8b of the interface from the terminal contacts of an anterior surface of supercells along the edge of the other short side of the unit. Detail C locates a cross-section view shown in Figure 8c for the interconnection

5 in a row for supercells within a row of space length 410. Figure 5e shows a representative rectangular solar module 370 configured similarly to that in Fig. 5c; Except that in this Jal all the solar cells that make up the supercells are LA solar chevrons that have the beveled corners corresponding to the corners of the pseudo-shape wafer from which the solar cells are separated.

0 Figure 5f shows another representative rectangular solar module 380 configured similarly to that in Figure 5c; Except that in this example the WAY solar that makes up the supercell comprises a mixture of chevron and rectangular solar cells arranged to reproduce the shapes of the pseudo-wafer from which they are detached. In the example of Figure 5f; Chevron solar cells may be more extensively perpendicular to their long axes than rectangular solar cells of Eq

5 missing corners in chevron cells; So that the solar cells have chevrons and solar cells

The same active area exposed to solar radiation during unit operation and therefore current

identical.

Figure 35 shows another representative rectangular solar module configured similarly to that in ?

Fig. 5e (i.e. includes only the chevron solar cells) except that in the solar module of Fig. C the adjacent chevron solar cells in the supercell are arranged as photo-matches

to each other so that their overlapping edges have the same length. This increases the length of each link

superimposed Hence it facilitates heat flow through the supercell.

Other configurations of rectangular solar modules may include single or SST arrays of cells

a supercell that consists only of rectangular solar cells (not beveled); and one or more rows

0 supercell which consists only of beveled solar cells. For example; A rectangular solar module may be configured similarly to that in Fig. 5c; Except for having two outer rows of supercells each replaced by a row of supercells consisting only of beveled solar cells. The beveled solar cells in those rows may be arranged in photo-matching pairs as shown in Fig. 5g; For example.

5 in the representative solar modules shown in Figures 5c-5g; The electric current along each row of supercells is about 1/6 that of a conventional solar module of the same area because the rectangular solar cells that make up the supercells have the active area about 1/6 of that of a conventional size solar cell. For in these examples six rows of supercells are electrically connected in parallel; However; Representative solar modules may generate a total electric current

0 is equal to that generated by a conventional solar module of the same area. This facilitates a subunit of the representative solar modules in Figures 35-75 (and other examples described lad follow) for conventional solar modules. Figure 6 shows in more detail than Figures 35-75 an exemplary arrangement of three rows of supercells interconnected with flexible electrical interconnections for supercell placement

— 6 7 —

within each row in series with each other (paral) and to place the rows parallel to each other. These may be three rows in the solar module of Fig. 5d; eg. In the example of Fig. 6 each supercell 100 includes the associated flexible interconnection 400 Conductively with front surface terminal contact (led) and other conductively connected flexible interconnect

in contact with both ends of the back surface thereof. Two supercells within each row shall be electrically connected in series by a common elastic interconnection connected conductively to an anterior surface terminal contact of one supercell and to a posterior surface terminal contact of another supercell. Each flexible interconnection is positioned adjacent to and running parallel to the end of the supercell to which it is attached and may extend laterally beyond the supercell to be conductively connected to the interconnection

0 flex in the supercell in an adjacent row; Connecting adjacent rows electrically in parallel. The dotted lines in Fig. 6 depict portions of flexible interconnections that are not visible in view by covering portions of the supercells; or parts of Al supercells made invisible by covering portions of flexible interconnections. Lye 400 interconnections may be conductively connected to the supercells using the “; on

for example; Mechanically compatible electrically conductive bonding material as previously described for use in bonding stacked solar cells. Optionally, the electrically conductive binder may be present only at discrete locations along the edges of the supercell instead of in a continuous line extending significantly along the cell edge (cdl) to reduce or equalize the voltage parallel to the edges of the supercell arising from the mismatch between the thermal expansion correlation coefficient of the binder The electrically conductive or interconnections of the supercell.

0 Flexible interconnections 400 may consist of or include thin copper sheets; For example. The flexible interconnectors 400 may be optionally patterned or otherwise configured to increase their mechanical compatibility (flexibility) both perpendicular to and parallel to the edges of the supercells to reduce or offset the voltage perpendicular and parallel to the edges of the supercells arising from the mismatch between the CTE of the interconnection and that of the supercells. Such profiling may include, for example; Ali (Berd Shaqouba or

5 holes. The conductive parts of the 400 interconnections shall have shims; For example; J from

about 100 microns; less than about 50 microns; J of about 30 µm; or less than about a micron to increase the flexibility of the interconnections. The mechanical compatibility of the flexible interconnection shall be; its connections to supercells; Sufficient for the interconnected supercells to be able to withstand the voltage arising from the CTE mismatch during the lamination process which is described in more detail below for 5 manufacturing methods of roofed solar cell modules; To withstand the stress arising from a CTE mismatch during

Temperature cycling test between about -40°C and about 85°C. preferably Flexible interconnectors 400 exhibit resistance to current flow parallel to the terminals of the supercells to which they are connected is less than or equal to about 0.015 ohms; less than or equal to about 0.012 ohms; or less than or equal to about 0.01 ohms.

0 Figure 17 shows several representative bodies. Allocated in reference numbers T400-A400 may be suitable for flexible interconnection 400. As shown in cross-section views in Figs. Over envelope material 4101 sandwiched between a 420 clear front foil and a 430 back foil.

5 The front transparent sheet is made of glass; For example. Optionally, the backing sheet may also be transparent; This may allow bifacial operation of the solar module. The backing sheet may be a polymer wafer, for example. alternatively The solar module may be a glass-to-glass module with both the front sheet and the back sheet made of glass. A cross-sectional view in Figure 18 (details from Figure 35) shows an example of interconnection

0 flexible 400 conductively attached to a terminal contact on the rear surface of the supercell close to the edge of the solar module and extending inward below the supercell; It is not visible in the view from the front of the solar module. An additional section of envelope may be placed between interconnect 400 and the rear surface of the supercell; As it turns out.

— 9 6 — A cross-section view of Fig. 8b (detail 8 of Fig. 5) shows an example of a flexible interconnect 400 conductively bonded to a terminal contact of a front surface of a supercell. A cross-section view of Fig. z8 (detail 0 of Fig. 0) shows 5<(Ja) on the flexible joint interconnect 400 conductively bonded to a terminal contact of a front surface of one supercell and to a terminal contact of the rear surface of another supercell to connect two supercells

Liles respectively. Electrically connected flexible interconnections with terminal contacts may be configured to a front surface of the supercell or arranged to occupy only the narrower front surface width of the solar module; Which may be located, for example, near the edge of the solar module. It may have a front surface area of the unit occupied by

10 interconnections mentioned narrower width perpendicular to supercell edge; For example; is > about 10 mm; > about 5 cae or > about 3 mm. In the setup shown in Figure 8b; For example (Jal) the flexible interconnection 400 lit may be configured to extend farther from the terminal of the supercell by not more than the said distance. Figures 8d-8g show additional examples of setups whereby a flexible interconnection electrically connected to a terminal contact may actuate a front surface of

5 supercell only a narrower width of the front surface of the unit. The aforementioned equipment facilitates efficient use of the front surface area of the unit to produce electricity. terminal to the supercell and folded around the edge of the supercell to the rear of the supercell. 435 insulation film may be applied; which may be pre-coated on the flexible interconnection 400; between interconnection

0 flex 400 and the back surface of the supercell. Figure 8e shows the flexible interconnection 400 comprising a thin narrow strip 440 that is conductively attached to an end front surface of the supercell loads with a thin broad strip 5 which extends behind the rear surface of the supercell. 435 insulation film may be; and who can

— 7 0 —

It shall be prepacked on the strap 445 placed between the strap 445 and the back surface of the cell

superlative.

Figure 8f shows the flexible interconnection 400 associated with an anterior-terminal surface contact of the supercell

It is rolled and pressed into a flat coil that occupies only the narrow width of the front surface of the solar module. Figure 8g shows the flexible interconnection 400 having a glad thin strap being attached

Conductively in contact with the anterior terminal surface of the supercell and cross-sectional part Slaw is present

next to the supercell.

In Figures 18-38, flexible interconnections 400 may extend along the entire length of the edges of the supercells.

(eg Jl on the drawing page) as shown in Figure 6 for example.

0 Optionally » Portions of the 400 lly flexible interconnection that are otherwise visible from the front of the unit may be covered with a dark film, laminate, or otherwise tinted to reduce visual contrast between the interconnection and the supercell; As a person with normal color vision perceives. For example; In Figure z8 black film or optional packaging 425 covers parts of the interconnect 400 that would otherwise be visible from the front of the unit. In another way the visible parts of the

5 Interconnection 400 shown in other figures similarly or colored. Conventional solar modules typically include three or more branching diodes; So that silicon solar cells. This must be done to limit the amount of power that may be dissipated as heat in the solar cell (sland) in reverse. The Le solar cell, for example, can be biased.

0 due to a defective, dirty front surface; Or uneven illumination that limits its ability to pass the current generated in the series. The heat generated in a solar cell in reverse bias depends on the voltage across the solar cell and the current through the solar cell. If the voltage across the reverse biased solar cell exceeds the breakdown voltage of the solar cell; The heat dissipated in a cell will equal the breakdown voltage of the current generated in series. Silicon solar cells typically have a breakdown voltage

From 16-30 volts. Because each silicon solar cell produces a voltage of about 0.64 volts when operating, a series of more than 24 solar cells can produce a voltage across the reverse biased solar cell that exceeds the breakdown voltage. In conventional solar modules, in which the solar cells are spaced apart from each other

are interconnected by tapes; Heat is not easily transferred away from the hot solar cell. Accordingly; The dissipated power in the solar cell can result in a breakdown voltage of a hot spot in the solar cell which causes significant thermal damage and possibly a fire. In conventional solar modules, therefore, a branching diode is required for each group of 18-24 solar cells connected in series to ensure that the solar cell in series is not reverse biased above its breakdown voltage.

0 The applicants discovered the ease of heat transfer along a silicon supercell through thin electrically and thermally conductive bonds between adjacent superimposed silicon solar cells. In addition to the above; The current through the supercell in the solar modules described herein is typically Ji of the current through a series of conventional solar cells; Because the super LAY described herein is typically formed by roofing rectangular solar cells each comprising an area

dais 5 is less than (say » 1/6) the area of a conventional solar cell. In addition to the above; The rectangular solar WAL typically used in the present application provides extended areas of thermal contact between adjacent solar cells. As a result, less heat is dissipated in the reverse-biased solar cell at breakdown voltage” and the heat spreads easily through the supercell and solar module without dangerous hot spot formation. The applicants have accordingly realized that the solar modules that make up

0.0 supercells as described herein may employ much fewer branching diodes than those required conventionally. For example (Jha) in some variants of solar modules as described in the present application the supercell includes no > 25 solar cells; no > about 30 solar cells; no > about 50 solar cells; no > about 70 solar cells; Or not > about 100 can be employed

5 A solar cell so that there is no solar cell or one group of < no solar LIAN in the cell

The superchargers are electrically connected in parallel and separately with a diode to divert. Optionally, an entire supercell of these lengths may be electrically connected in parallel to a single branching diode. Optionally, supercells of these lengths can be employed without a branching diode. Several additional and optional design features can configure supercell solar modules as described in the present order to be more tolerant of the heat dissipated in the reverse biased solar cell. Referring again to Figures 8a-8c: Envelope 4101 may be or incorporate a thermoplastic olefin (TPO) TPO encapsulations are more photo-thermally stable than standard EVA encapsulations. EVA turns brown with temperature and UV light and leads to hot spot issues that are formed by 0 current-limiting cells. These problems are reduced or can be avoided with a TPO envelope in addition to the above; The solar modules may have an Ally glass-glass structure in which both the front sheet 0 and the back sheet 430 are both transparent glass. This glass-to-glass structure helps the solar module to operate safely in temperatures greater than those that a conventional polymer backing sheet can withstand. as well as additionally; The junction box can be installed on one or more of the 5 solar unit flanges; Instead of behind the solar module where the junction box adds an additional layer of thermal insulation to the solar cells in the module above. Figure 19 shows a representative rectangular solar module comprising six rectangular roofed super WAs arranged in six rows running along the long sides of the solar module. Six supercells are electrically connected in parallel to each other and to a branching diode located in box 0 junction 490 on the rear surface of the solar module. The electrical connections between the supercells and the branching diode are formed by 450 bars embedded in the lamellar structure of the unit. Figure 9b shows another representative rectangular solar module comprising six rectangular roofed supercells arranged in six rows running along the long sides of the solar module. Supercells are electrically connected in parallel to each other. Positive junction box P490 5 and independent 81490 negative terminal junction box is located on the back surface of the solar module at the terminals

opposite to the solar module. The supercells are electrically connected in parallel to a branching diode located in one of the junction boxes by means of an external cable 455 running between the junction box. Figures 9c-9d show a rectangular (Linley daly) solar module comprising six rectangular super-roofed WDAs arranged in six rows running along the long sides of the solar module in a structure

Laminate comprising the front sheet and the back sheet of glass. Supercells are electrically connected in parallel to each other. The independent positive 0490 and negative 0 terminal junction box shall be mounted on opposite edges of the solar module. Capped supercells give way to unit scheme interchange opportunities for unit level power management devices (eg DCJ AC mini transformers unit power improvers

DC/ 06 0 Intelligent Voltage and Intelligent Transformers; and related devices). The main feature of unit level capacity management systems is capacity optimization. The supercells as described and used in the present order can produce higher voltage values than conventional panels. additionally; A super unit cell diagram can further segment the unit. Higher voltage values and increased fragmentation both create unique capacity improvement advantages.

5 Figure 9e shows one representative architecture for unit-level capacity management using roofed supercells. In this figure a representative rectangular solar module comprises six rectangular roofed supercells arranged in six rows running along the long sides of the solar module. Three of the DAY super pairs are separately connected to the 460 power management system; To enable further independent improvement of unit capacity.

0 Figure 9f shows another representative architecture for unit-level capacity management using a roofed super WAY. In this figure a representative rectangular solar module comprises six rectangular roofed supercells arranged in six rows running along the long sides of the solar module. Six of the supercells are individually connected (460 power management allay) to also enable further independent optimization of unit capacity.

Figure 9 shows another representative architecture for unit-level capacity management using roofed supercells. In this figure a representative rectangular solar module comprises six or more rectangular capped supercells 998 arranged in six rows or “STs” wherein three or more pairs of supercells are individually connected to a branching diode or power management system 460; To also allow further independent improvement of unit capacity.

Figure F shows another representative architecture for unit-level capacity management using a roofed super WAY. In this figure a representative rectangular solar module comprises six or more 998 rectangular roofed supercells arranged in six rows or FST wherein every two supercells are connected in series” and all pairs are connected in parallel. be a branching diode or

0 PMS 460 connected in parallel in all pairs; many improves unit capability. In some contrasting images »; Module level power management allows the elimination of all branch diodes in the solar module while still eliminating dangerous hot spots. This is achieved by integrating voltage intelligence at the unit level. By monitoring the voltage output of the solar cell circuit (eg, one or more supercells) in the solar module; Device can manage capacity

5 Smart Transfer Determine whether that circuit has any solar cells in reverse bias. If a luke solar cell is detected, a device can manage the capacity to disconnect a corresponding circuit from the electrical system using, for example, a relay switch or other component. For example, if the voltage of the monitored solar cell circuit drops below a pre-set limit value (VLIMit) then the power management device closes (open circuit) that circuit while ensuring that the

0 unit or series of units. in the specified models; where the circuit voltage is lower by more than a specified percentage or capacity (eg Jal 720 or 10V) than other circuits in the same solar array; It will be closed. Electronic devices will detect this change based on the connection within the unit.

— 7 5 — This voltage intelligence implementation can be integrated into existing power slay solutions at the unit level (eg Jal from Tigo “Inc. Solaredge Technologies (Enphase Energy Inc.) (Inc. Energy) or through The usual circuit design Jian is an example of calculating the VLIMIt voltage in:

CellVoc@Low 1 & High Temp x Nnumber of cells in series — VrbReverse 5 “breakdown voltage > VLimit where: CellVoc@Low Voltage = CellVoc@Low 111 & High Temp © VOC Jil ) low and at high temperature ax = Nnumber of cells in series « 0 Cells connected in series in each super cell monitored. VibReverse breakdown voltage »© = the reverse polarity voltage required to pass a current through the cell. (Say) This module-level power management method using intelligent switching allows, for example, 5 AST connections of 100 silicon solar cells in series within a single Bang without affecting the safety or reliability of the module. Additionally Said smart shunt can be used to limit the transmission of string voltage to a central transformer. Longer unit strings can be mounted upon it without safety or bypass concerns about overvoltage. The weakest unit can be bypass shunted (turned off) if string voltage values rise against the limit. 0 Figures 110 111 112 113 13b"; and 14b are described Lad Following are additional representative schematic circuits for solar modules using roof supercells. Figures 10[b-1;0ab-2 1ab-1 1ab-2 11c-1 11c- 2 12b-1 2-12 12c-1 12c-2 712-3 1-713 713-2 14c-1 and 14c-2 Corresponding physical diagrams of these circuits

schematic. The description of the physical diagrams assumes that the terminal contact of an anterior surface of each supercell is of negative polarity and that the terminal contact of the posterior surface of each supercell is of positive polarity. If instead the modules use supercells having front surface terminal contacts of positive polarity and front surface terminal contacts AA of negative polarity; A discussion can then be modified

The following physical diagrams are by swapping the positive with the negative and reversing the direction of the branching diodes. Some of the various vectors referred to in the description may consist of these shapes; For example; with the 400 interconnections described earlier. Other vectors described in these figures can be implemented; eg; Using tapes embedded in the lamellar structure of a solar module or with external cabling.

0 FIG. 110 shows a representative schematic circuit of a solar module as shown in FIG. 5c; In which the solar unit includes ten of the 100 super rectangular cells, each of which has a length approximately equal to the length of the short sides of the solar unit. The supercells are arranged in the solar module with their long sides oriented parallel to the short sides of the module. All supercells are electrically connected in parallel to a 480 branching diode.

5 Figures 10b-1 and 10b-2 show a representative gale diagram of the solar module from Fig. 10a. N485 Jalal connects the negative terminal contacts (front surface) of the supercells 100 to the positive terminal of branching diode 480 in junction box 490 located on Rear surface of the module Jalil 0485 connects the positive terminal contacts (back surface) of the supercells 100 to the negative terminal of the branch diode 480. Bus 5485 may be fully seated behind the supercells. Operate the bus

N485 0 and/or its supercell interconnection is part of the front surface of the unit. Figure 11 shows a representative schematic circuit of a solar module as shown in Figure 5a; in which the solar module includes twenty of the 100 rectangular supercells; Each has a length approximately half the length of the short sides of the solar module; The supercells are arranged end-to-end in pairs to form ten rows of supercells. It is the first supercell in each row

5 connected in parallel to the first supercells in the other rows and in parallel to a diode

For branch 500. A second supercell in each row is connected in parallel to the second supercell in

The other rows are in parallel with a 510 branching diode. Two groups of supercells are formed

connected in series; Like two branching diodes.

Figures 11b-1 and 11b-2 show a representative physical diagram of the solar module from Figure 11. In this diagram a first supercell in each row has its front surface terminal contact

(negative) along the first side of the unit and the terminal contact of its rear surface (positive) along a line

unit center; Each second supercell in each row comprises the front surface terminal contact

It has (negative) along the center line of the unit and the terminal contact of its back surface (positive) along the side

The second of the unit opposite the first side. The 515L conveyor reaches the terminal contact to a front surface

0 (b) of a first supercell in each row to the positive terminal of branching diode 500. Bus 5 connects the back surface terminal contact (positive) of a second supercell in each row to the negative terminal of branching diode 510. Bus 520 connects the back surface terminal contact (positive ) of a first supercell in each row and the terminal contact of a front (negative) surface of a second supercell in each row to the negative terminal of branching diode 500 and to the positive terminal of branching diode 510.

5 Transporter 0515 may lie entirely behind the supercells. The 515L bus and/or its supercell interconnection occupies part of the front surface of the unit. Conveyor 520 may occupy part of the front surface of the unit »space required 210 as shown in Figure 5A. alternatively Carrier 520 may lie entirely behind the supercells and be electrically connected to the supercells by discreet interconnections confined between the superimposed terminals of the supercells. In the said case a minimum vacuum is required or

0 nil 210. Figures 1c-1; 11c-2; and 11c-3 shows a representative gale diagram AT of the solar module of Fig. 111. In this diagram a first supercell in each row has its front surface terminal contact (negative) along the first side of the module and the back surface terminal contact (positive) along the center line of the unit; A second supercell in each row comprises the terminal contact

5 for its back surface (positive) along the center line of the unit and the terminal contact of its front surface

(Negative) The length of the second side of the module opposite the first side. Bus N525 connects the front (negative) surface terminal contact of a first supercell in each row to the positive terminal of branching diode 500. Bus N530 connects the front (negative) surface terminal contact of the second cell in each row to the negative terminal of branching diode 500 and to the positive end of the branching SU diode 510. Bus 0535 connects the terminal contact of the back surface (positive) of a first cell in each row to the negative terminal of the branching diode 500 and to the positive terminal of the branching diode 510. Bus 0540 connects the terminal contact of the back surface (positive) of the cell second in each row to the negative terminal of branching diode 510. Bus 0535 and bus 0540 may lie entirely behind the supercells. The N525 Jalil and the N530 bus 0 and/or their interface to supercells occupy part of the front surface of the unit. FIG. 112 shows a schematic diagram of another representative circuit for a solar module as shown in FIG. 5a; in which the solar module includes twenty of the 100 rectangular supercells; Each has a length approximately half the length of the short sides of the solar module; The supercells are arranged end-to-end in pairs to form ten rows of supercells. In the circuit shown in 5 Fig. 112 the supercells are arranged in al groups: in the first group the first supercells of the five upper rows are connected in parallel to each other and to a branching diode 545; In the second group the second super cells in the upper five rows are connected in parallel to each other and a branching diode 505; In the third group the first supercells of the five lower rows are connected in parallel to each other and to a branching diode 0 560; In the fourth group, the second supercells of the five lower rows are connected in parallel to each other and to a branching diode 555. The four groups of supercells are connected in series to each other. Four branching diodes are also connected in series. Figures 12b-1 and 12b-2 show a representative physical diagram of the solar module from Fig. 12. In 5 this diagram has a first set of supercells with their front surface terminal contacts

(negative) along the first side of the unit and the end contacts of its rear surface (positive) along the center line of the unit; A second set of supercells has their front surface terminal contacts (negative) along the center line of the module and their rear surface terminal contacts (positive) along the second side of the module opposite the first; Include the third group of supercells on their rear surface terminal contacts (positive) along the first side of the module and their front surface terminal contacts (negative) along the module center line; The fourth group of supercells includes the terminal contacts of its rear surface (positive) along the center line of the unit and the terminal contacts of its front surface (negative) along the second side of the unit. Carrier 565l connects the terminal contacts of a front (negative) surface of supercells in a first 0 set of supercells to each other and to the positive end of a branching diode 545. Carrier 570 connects the terminal contacts of the rear (positive) surface of supercells in a first set of supercells and terminal contacts of an anterior (negative) surface of supercells in a second set of supercells to each other; to the negative terminal of the branching diode 545; and with the positive end of a branching diode 550. Bus 575 connects the rear surface (positive) terminal contacts of the 5 supercells in a second set of supercells and the front surface (negative) terminal contacts of the supercells in the fourth set of supercells to each other; to the negative terminal of the 550 bypass diode; and with the positive end of a branching diode 555. Bus 580 connects the terminal contacts of the posterior surface (positive) of the supercells of the fourth group of supercells and the terminal contacts of an anterior surface (negative) of the supercells of the third group of supercells to each other; 0 to the negative terminal of the branching diode 555; and the positive end of branching diode 560. Bus 0585 connects the terminal contacts of the rear surface (positive) of supercells in the third group of supercells to each other and to the negative terminal of branching diode 560. Bus 0585 and part of bus 575 that connects supercells to a second set of cells may be located Superior is completely behind the super WAY. The remainder of bus 575 and bus 81565 and/or 5 and their interconnection to the gia supercells is occupied by the front surface of the module.

Bus 570 and Bus 580 may occupy part of the front surface of the unit; A space of 210 is required as shown in Figure 5a. alternatively They may lie entirely behind the supercells and be in electrical contact with the supercells with discreet interconnections confined between the superimposed ends of the supercells. In the said case little or no space must be provided 210. FIG. 12c-1; 12c-2; and 12c-3 shows an alternative physical diagram of the solar module from Figure 2. This diagram uses junction boxes A490 and 8490 instead of the single junction box 0 shown in Figures 12[b-1 and 12b-2; But in another way it is equivalent to that in Figures 12b-1 and 12b-2. Sa 113 shows a schematic diagram of another representative circuit diagram of a solar module as shown in FIG. 0 5a; The solar module comprises twenty 100 ¢ rectangular supercells, each of which has a length approximately half the length of the short sides of the module; The supercells are arranged end-to-end in pairs to form ten rows of supercells. In the circuit shown in Figure 113 the supercells are arranged in four groups: in the first group the first supercells of the five upper rows are connected in parallel to each other and) in the second group 5 the second supercells of the five upper rows are connected in parallel to each other » In the third group, the first supercells of the five lower rows are connected parallel to each other (canal), and in the fourth group, the second supercells of the five lower rows are connected parallel to each other. Group 1 and group 2 are connected in series to each other and thus connected in parallel to a branching diode 590. Group 0 and group 4 are connected in series to each other and therefore connected in parallel to another branching diode 595. The first and second groups are respectively connected to the third and fourth groups; And two branching diodes are in series as well. Figures 13c-1 and 13c-2 show a representative gale diagram of the solar module from Fig. 13a. In this diagram a first set of supercells has front surface terminal contacts 5 (b) along the first side of the module and back surface terminal contacts ( positive) along a line

unit center» and a second group of supercells includes the terminal contacts of its front surface (negative) along the unit center line and the terminal contacts of its posterior surface (positive) along the second side of the module opposite the first side; The third group of supercells includes their rear surface terminal contacts (positive) along the first side of the unit and their front surface terminal contacts (negative) along the center line of the unit; The Dahl group of supercells includes:

The terminal contact of its rear surface (positive) along the center line of the unit and the terminal contact of its front surface (negative) along the second side of the unit. Carrier 600 connects the terminal contacts of an anterior (negative) surface of a first set of supercells to each other (andl) with the terminal contacts of the posterior (positive) surface of a third set of supercells;

0 to the positive terminal of the AW valve of branch 590; and to the negative terminal of the branching diode 595. The Ji 605 connects the back surface (positive) terminal contacts of a first set of supercells to each other and the front surface (negative) terminal contacts of a second set of supercells. Jal 0610 connects the terminal contacts of the back surface (positive) of a second set of supercells to each other and to the negative terminal of branching diode 590. Bus NOLS connects the contacts

5 terminals of the front (negative) surface of the fourth group of supercells to each other and to the positive end of the branching diode 595. Bus 620 connects the terminal contacts of the front (negative) surface of the third group of supercells to each other and to the terminal contacts of the rear surface (positive) of the fourth group of supercells. Transporter 0610 and part of transporter 600 attached to supercells of group III cells may be located

0 super LAN behind super LAN. The remaining gyal of Bus 600 and Bus 81615 and/or their interface to the ga supercells is occupied by the front surface of the unit. Bus 605 and Bus 620 occupy part of the front surface of the unit; It requires a space of 210 as shown in Figure 5a. alternatively They may lie entirely behind the supercells and be electrically connected to the supercells with discreet interconnections confined between the superimposed ends of the supercells. in

5 Stated condition Little or no space is needed 210.

Figure 13b shows a representative schematic circuit of a solar module (as shown in Figure 5) in which the solar module comprises ten rectangular supercells of 100 each having a length approximately equal to the length of the short sides of the module. The supercells are arranged in the solar module with the long sides oriented. Its parallel to the short sides of the unit in the circuit

shown in Figure 13b; The supercells are arranged in two groups: in the first group the top five supercells are connected in parallel to each other and to a branching diode 590; In the second group, the five lower super cells are connected in parallel to each other and to a diode for the branch 595. The two groups are connected in series to each other. Branching diodes shall also be connected in series.

0 The circuit schematic of Fig. 13b differs from that of Fig. 113 by replacing each row of two supercells in Fig. 113 with one supercell. plating on it; The physical diagram of the solar module may be of Figure 13b as shown in Figures 13c-1; 13c-2; 13c-3; omitting bus 605 and bus 620. FIGURE 114 shows a representative Saag 700 rectangular parasol with da twenty cells

5 superlative rectangular 100; Each has a length approximately equal to half the length of the short sides of the solar module. The supercells are arranged end-to-end in pairs to form twelve ABW rows of cells with the rows and long sides of the supercells oriented parallel to the short sides of the solar module. Figure 14b shows a schematic diagram of a representative circuit of a solar module as shown in Figure 114.

0 in for the circuit shown in Figure 14b; The supercells are arranged in three groups: in the first group the first supercells of the upper eight rows are connected in parallel to each other and to a branching diode TOS in the second group the supercells of the four lower rows are connected in parallel to each other and to a branching diode 710 and in the third group The second supercells of the upper eight rows are connected in parallel to each other and to a diode

For branch 715. Three groups of super WAN are connected in series. Three branching diodes are also connected in series. Figures 14c-1 and 14c-2 show a representative gale diagram of the solar module from Fig. 14[b. In this scheme a first set of supercells has its front surface terminal contacts (negative) along the first side of the unit and its rear surface terminal contacts (positive) along the center line of the unit. In a second group of ABW cells a first supercell in each of the four lower rows comprises its rear surface terminal contact (positive) along the first side of the module and its front surface terminal contact (negative) along the module centerline; A second supercell in each of the lower four rows has its front surface terminal contact (negative) 0 along the module center line and its back surface terminal contact (positive) along the second side of the module opposite the first. The solar LIAL third group includes the terminal contacts of its rear surface (positive) along the center line of the module and the terminal contacts of its rear surface (negative) along the second side of the module. N720 Jal connects the front surface (negative) terminal contacts of a Jol set of Super WAY 5 to each other and to the positive terminal of the branching diode 705. Bus 725 connects the rear surface (positive) terminal contacts of a first set of supercells to the front surface terminal contacts (negative) for a second group of supercells; to the negative terminal of the branching diode 705; and to the positive terminal of branching diode 710. Bus P730 connects the terminal contacts of the rear surface (positive) of the third group of supercells to each other and to the negative terminal of diode 0 of branching 715. Bus 735 connects the terminal contacts of the front (negative) surface of the third group of supercells to each other; The terminal contacts of the posterior surface (positive) of a second set of supercells. to the negative terminal of the branching diode 710; and at the positive terminal of branching diode 715. may lie part of bus 725 connected to the supercells of a first set of supercells; Bus 5 0730 and part of Bus 735 attached to the supercells of a second set of fully supercells

behind supercells. Carrier N720 and remaining parts of Carrier 725 and Carrier 735 and/or

Their interconnection with the ga supercells from the front surface of the unit.

Some of the examples described above comprise branching diodes in one or more boxes

The connections are on the back surface of the solar module. This is not necessary; However. For example (Jaa 5) the position of some or all of the branching diodes in plane can be determined using cells

supercells around the circumference of the solar module or in the spaces between supercells; Or it is located behind

super cells. In the above cases branching diodes may be built into the structure

lamellar, in which the supercells are encapsulated; For example. May be valve locations

binary to branch thus decentralize Jy from the junction box; Which facilitates the replacement of the junction box

0 center that includes both the positive and negative terminals of the module with two independent single terminal junction boxes that may be located on the back surface of the solar module close to the outer edges of the module; For example. This dale approach reduces the current path length in strip connectors in the solar module and in the cabling provision between solar modules; This reduces material cost and increases unit capacity (by decreasing resistive power loss values).

Referring to Figure 15; For example (JO) a physical diagram of the various electrical interconnections of a solar module as shown in Figure 5b including a schematic circuit diagram in Figure 110 could employ a branching diode 480 located in the lamellar structure of the supercell and two individual junction box 0490 and 1490 terminals. Figure 15 is best perceived as compared to Figures 1-010 and 10b-2 Other unit diagrams described earlier can be modified accordingly

0 similar. The use of branching diodes in wafers as described above can be facilitated by using low-current (shrinking area) rectangular solar cells as described lala because the power dissipated in a forward-biased branching diode by low-current solar cells may be less than in the case of solar cells with traditional size. So may require branching diodes in the units

Solar panels described in this specification have lower thermal dip than conventional ones; Accordingly, they can be transported out of the junction box on the rear surface of the unit and into the chips. An individual solar module may have connections cdi connectors; and/or other branching diodes carrying two or more electrodes; For example, they carry two or more of the previously described electrical bodies. In the aforementioned cases, the specific configuration can be selected to operate the unit

of two or more alternatives using switches and/or jumpers, eg. Different organizations may use different numbers of supercells in series and/or in parallel to provide different combinations of output voltage and current from the solar module. Said solar module can be configured accordingly at the factory or site to select from two or more combinations of voltage and current

0 different; For example to select from high voltage and low current configuration; It has low voltage and high current. Figure 16 shows a representative setup of a power management device at the conversion unit level (SW 750) as previously described; between two solar modules. Referring GY to Figure 17, a representative method of 800 module manufacturing as disclosed

5 reported in this specification includes the following steps. In Step 810, conventional sized solar cells (eg 156 mm x jie 156 mm jie or 125 lke m x 125 mm) are cut and/or slit to form a narrow rectangular solar cell 'slices' (see also Figures 3a-3e) and the related preceding description; for example). The resulting solar cell slices can optionally be tested and stored according to their lal-voltage performance.

0 Cells with advantageously identical or nearly identical current-voltage performance in the same supercell or in the same row of series connected supercells. For example; It may be advantageous if cells connected in series within a supercell or within a row of supercells produce an identical or nearly identical current in the same illumination.

In step 815 the supercells are assembled from the solar cells on a slide; With sale mode bonding of a conductive adhesive between superimposed portions of adjacent solar cells in supercells. conductive adhesive binder can be applied; For example; By inkjet or screen printing. In step 820 heat and pressure are applied to the matured or Wiis mature conductive adhesive bond between the solar cells in the supercells. In one of the contrasting images; With each additional solar cell added to the supercell, the conductive adhesive bond between the newly added solar cell and its superimposed adjacent solar cell (ein (actual from the supercell)) or Lisa is cured before the next solar cell is added to the supercell. in another contrast; The positioning of more than two solar cells or all of the solar cells in a supercell 0 may be determined by the overlay method applied prior to or partially curing of the conductive adhesive binder. The supercells resulting from this step (Lynd) can be tested and stored according to their current-voltage performance. Supercells with identical or nearly identical current-voltage performance can be usefully used in the same row of supercells or in the same solar ang. For example; It may be advantageous for supercells or rows of supercells electrically connected in parallel to produce identical or nearly identical values of 5V voltage under the same illumination. In step 825 the mature or partially mature supercells are arranged and interconnected as a plated unit in a stratified structure comprising the envelope material; clear front foil (sun side); and a backing foil (optionally transparent). The stratigraphic structure may include; eg “on a first layer of envelope on a substrate oz la) interconnected supercells arranged under bright side on a first 0 layer of envelope” a second layer of envelope on a layer of supercells; and foil backing on a second layer of envelope. Any other suitable device can also be used. In the laminating step 830 heat and pressure are applied to the lamellar structure to form the matured lamellar structure.

In a variant of the method from Figure 17; The solar cells are separated by size

conventional to the solar cell chipset; After that a shed conductive adhesive binder is laid

On each chip is an individual solar cell. in an alternate contrast; Adhesive binder is applied

conductors on conventional sized solar cells before separating the solar cells into solar cell strips.

At the curing step 820 the conductive adhesive binder can be fully or only partially cured.

In the latter case the conductive adhesive binder can be preliminarily matured partially in the step

0 as GIS for easy handling and supercell interconnection; and fully matured during

The next 830 lamination step.

0 In some variants, the super cell 100 assembled as an intermediate product in method 0 includes a group of rectangular solar cells 10 arranged with overlapping long sides of adjacent solar cells and connected in a conductive manner according to described ilu and interconnections linked to the terminal contacts at the ends of the cell opposite superlatives. Figure 130 shows a representative supercell with electrical interconnections attached to the terminal contacts

5 for the front and back surfaces. Electrical interconnections run parallel to the terminal edges of the supercell and extend laterally beyond the supercell to facilitate electrical interconnection with an adjacent supercell. Figure 30b shows two supercells of Figure 130 interconnected in tandem. A shal of otherwise visible interconnections in front of the unit can be covered by a shal or Lunghi (ie, darkened) to reduce visual contrast between the interconnect and the supercells; As a person perceives it

0 who has normal color vision. In the example shown in Figure 30a; The 850 interconnect is conductively connected to the front side terminal contact of first polarity (eg dual + or -) at one end of the supercell (on front side drawing); The other 850 interconnect is conductively connected to the terminal contact of a back side of opposite polarity at the other end of the supercell (left side graphic). Similarly to other interfaces described

previously; The 850 interconnects may be conductively bonded to the supercell using the same ale conductive adhesive tape used between solar cells; (Ja) but this is not required. In the example shown, the ha of each interconnect extends 850 beyond the edge of a supercell 100 in sla perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the supercell (and parallel to the long axes of the 10 solar cells). illustrated in Fig. 30b; this allows the positioning of two or more supercells side by side; with the 850 interconnections of one supercell overlapping and electrically connected to corresponding 850 interconnections on an adjacent supercell to connect two supercells interfacially and electrically in parallel. Several of the said 850 interconnections connected Li in series as previously described form the unit bus. Such a device may fit eg (Jd) when an individual 0 supercell spans the entire width or the entire length of the unit (eg; Fig. 5b) Additionally, 850 interconnects may also be used to electrically connect the terminal contacts of two adjacent supercells within a row of supercells in series Longer pairs or strings of said supercells connected in a Jats Loy row may be electrically connected in parallel and similarly Interconnected with supercells in an adjacent row by overlaying 5 towards an interconnector 850 in one row with interconnections 850 in an adjacent row similarly and as shown in Figure 30b. The 850 interconnect can be formed from a conductive wafer; For example; It can optionally be patterned to increase its mechanical compatibility both perpendicular to and parallel to the edge of the supercell to reduce or offset the voltage perpendicular to and parallel to the edge of the supercell arising from the mismatch between the CTE to interconnect 0 of the supercell. Said profiling may include; For example; on cracks; fissures or perforations (not shown). The mechanical compatibility of the 850 interconnect and its bond or bond to the supercell shall be; Sufficient for connections to the supercell to withstand the voltage arising from the CTE mismatch during the lamination process described in more detail below. The 850 interconnection may be connected to the supercell using, for example; Mechanically compatible electrically conductive bonding material according to 5 previously described for use in bonding stacked solar cells. optionally; Ribbon may be present

electrically conductive cells only at discrete locations along the edges of the supercell rather than in a continuous line extending significantly along the edge of the supercell. To reduce or equalize the voltage parallel to the edges of the supercell arising from the mismatch between the thermal expansion correlation coefficient of the electrically conductive bonding material or the interconnections of the supercell.

The 850 interconnect can be cut from thin copper foil; For example; It may be more gentle than conventional conductive interconnections when the UltraCell 100 solar cells that have areas smaller than a standard solar WAN are made of silicon and therefore operate at lower currents than conventional solar panels. For example, the 850 interconnects may consist of a copper foil having lads from about 50 microns to about 300 microns. Interconnections may be

0 850 is sufficiently thin and flexible to fold around and behind the edge of the supercell which connects BH similarly to the previously described interconnects. Figures 119-319 illustrate several representative setups by which heat and pressure are applied during Method 800 to cure or cure Ligation the conductive adhesive between adjacent solar WAs in supercells. Any other suitable device can also be used.

5 in Fig. 19) localized heat and pressure are applied to cure or partially cure the conductive adhesive tape 12 one joint (overlapped area) at a time. The supercell can be carried by the surface 1000 and pressure can be applied mechanically to the hinge from above using a bar; a pin; or other mechanical contact, eg heat can be applied to the hinge using hot air (or other hot gas); using an infrared lamp; or by heating

a mechanical contact that applies local pressure to the hinge; For example. in Fig. 19b; The device in Figure 119 is extended to an ally-batch process that simultaneously applies localized heat and pressure to several connections in the supercell. in Fig. 19c; An immature supercell is sandwiched between release liner 1015 and reusable thermoplastic foil 1020 and positioned on carrier plate 1010

Surface-borne 1000. The thermoplastic material of the 1020 flakes is selected for fusing at the supercell ripening temperature. The release liner 1015 may consist of glass fibers (PTFE for example) and does not adhere to the supercell after curing. Preferably, the release liner 1015 consists of materials that have a coefficient of thermal expansion identical or nearly identical to that of solar cells (at Silicon CTE (Jl) pathway).This is due to the case that the CTE of the release liner is very different from that of the solar cells; then the length of the solar LAN and release liner will increase by different amounts during the ripening process; which may act on Cla supercell away lengthwise at joints. Vacuum pressure bag 1005 tops this fixture. An immature super cell is heated from below across surface 1000 and bearing plate 1010; ie 0; and vacuum pressure is drawn between bag 1005 and bearing surface 1000. Result Bag 1005 therefore applies hydrostatic pressure to the supercell through the molten Shall elastomeric foil 1020. In Fig. 9 a] an immature supercell is carried by a perforated conveyor belt 1025 through furnace 5 which heats the supercell. The vacuum applied through the perforations in the solar belt 5 WAY 10 towards the belt” and then pressure is applied to the joints between them. The conductive adhesive matrix in these joints matures as the supercell passes through the oven. preferably The perforated belt 1025 consists of materials that have a CTE match or a close match to that of solar cells (eg CTE of silicon). This is because at dla the CTE of the 1025 belt differs greatly from that of the solar cells; Then the length 0 of the solar cells and belt will foam in different amounts in the furnace 1035; This will tend to pull the supercell away lengthwise at the junctions. Method 800 of Fig. 17 includes the steps of supercell maturation and thinning, and produces an intermediate supercell product. In contrast, in Method 900 illustrated in Fig. 18, the steps of cell superoxide ripening and thinning are combined. In Step 910 the conventional size solar cells (eg Jal 156 mm * 156 Me m or 125 mm x 125 mm) are cut and/or

It is slit to form narrow rectangular solar cell strips. Solar cell strips can be tested

Optionally generated and stored.

In step O15 the solar cell strips are arranged in the desired module configuration in a layered structure

Includes envelope material; clear front foil (sun side); and background chip. Cell segments

The solar cells are arranged like ABW cells with an immature conductive adhesive bonding material placed between parts

Overlapping of adjacent solar WIA in supercells. (Sa) Applying the adhesive binder

conductive For example; by inkjet or screen printing). be connections

An ordered interface to connect the immature super LAY Lin in the desired configuration. structure may include

stratification For example” on a first layer of Clad on a glass substrate. Interconnected 0 supercells arranged under bright side in first layer of envelope » second layer of envelope upon layer

supercells; and foil backing on a second layer of envelope. Any other suitable equipment may be used

also.

In the laminating step 920, heat and pressure are applied to the layered structure to ripen the binder.

Super WAY's conductive adhesive and for the formation of mature lamellar structure. A conductive adhesive binder 5a using dal interconnects the supercells can be ripened in this step as well.

In a variant of Method 900; Conventional size solar cells are separated into

solar cell chips; The conductive adhesive binder is then applied to all cell segments

individual solar. in an alternate contrast; A conductive adhesive binder is applied to the cells

conventional sized solar cells by separating the solar cells into solar cell strips. for example 0; An array of conventionally sized solar cells can be placed on a large template; And it is dumped

conductive adhesive tape then applied to the solar cells; The solar cells are then separated into

Solar cell slides using a bulk fixture. The resulting solar cell segments can then be transported

In the form of a group and arranged in the form of the required unit (Tag) for the described Saba.

As indicated by lila in some variations of Method 800 and Method 900 the conductive adhesive binder is applied to conventional sized solar cells before separating the solar cells into solar cell strips. The conductive adhesive binder is immature (ie; still 'wet') when it separates to form the solar cell strips. In some of these different images; The conductive adhesive matrix is applied to the conventional sized solar cell (eg by inkjet or screen printing); The laser is then used to scribe lines on the solar cell that mark the locations of the solar cell slit to form the solar cell chips; Then the solar cell is incised along the graph lines. In these contrast images, the laser power and/or the distance between the graph lines and the adhesive bonding material can be selected to avoid unintentional curing or partial curing of the conductive adhesive with laser heat. in other contrasts; Lasers are used to scribe lines on a conventional sized solar cell that mark the locations of the solar cell slit to form the solar cell chips; Next, the conductive adhesive matrix is applied to the solar cell (eg by inkjet or screen printing); ayy that the solar cell is slit joh graph lines. In a recent variation 5 it may be preferable to accomplish the step of applying the conductive adhesive without accidentally cracking or cracking the solar cell scratched during this step. Referring again to Figures 120-220, Figure 120 schematically shows a side view of an analog 1050 that can be used to slit replicated solar cells to which a conductive adhesive binder has been applied. (Copy sb conductive adhesive binder may be copied and placed). in this device 0; The conventional sized scratched solar cell 45 with conductive adhesive tape applied is carried by a perforated movable belt 1060 over an arched portion of a vacuum manifold 1070. With the solar cell 45 passing over an arched portion of a vacuum manifold »; The vacuum pressure applied through perforations in the belt pulls the bottom surface of the solar cell 45 against the manifold of the vacuum pressure and then bends the solar cell. A curvature radius of + gin 5 can be selected from the vacuum pressure manifold such that bending the solar cell 45 in this way makes a slit

Solar cell Jol graph lines. usefully Solar cell 45 may be slit by this method without contacting the upper surface of solar cell 45 on which the conductive adhesive binder is placed. Preferably, the incision should start at one end of the graph line (ie, at one edge of solar cell 45); This can be achieved with the 1050 device of Figure 120 by eg

Example Arrange the graph lines to point at an angle of 0 to the manifold so that for each graph line, one end of the graph, ha, arched from the manifold reaches ahead of the other end. As shown in Figure 20b; For example; The solar WAY may be oriented with the lines plotted at an angle to the direction of the belt and the manifold oriented perpendicular to the direction of the belt. In the OAT example

0 Figure 20c shows oriented cells with lines drawn from them perpendicular to the direction of belt travel; and the angled manifold. Any other device that is also suitable for slitting replicated solar cells on which dla ge adhesive has been applied may be used to form the sliver of solar cells using the pre-applied conductive adhesive bonding material. said device may use; For example; Dolphins to shed pressure on

5 The upper surface of the solar cell on which the conductive adhesive binder is applied. In the aforementioned cases, it is preferable that the dolphins rub the upper surface of the solar cell only in areas where no conductive adhesive bonding material is applied. In some contrasting images; The solar modules comprise supercells arranged in rows on a white or otherwise reflective backing sheet; So that part of the solar radiation can be reflected

0 is not primarily absorbed by and passes through the solar cell by the backing foil back to the solar cell to produce electricity. The reflective backing sheet may be across the voids between the rows of supercells. This would result in a solar module appearing to have rows of bright parallel lines (eg white) running across its front surface. Referring to Figure 5 « for example; Parallel dark lines running between rows of supercells may appear

5 100 as white lines if the super 100 cells arranged on the backing sheet are white. may be

This is not good from an aesthetic point of view for some uses of solar modules. for example

Jal) on rooftops.

Referring to Figure 21; To improve the aesthetic appearance of the solar module; Use some contrasting images

The backing wafer white 1100 includes dark strips 1105 which are located in positions corresponding to the spaces between the rows of supercells to be arranged on the wafer backing. The slides are 1105 wide

towards GIS so that the white portions of the backing sheet are not visible through the spaces between rows

of supercells in a combined unit. This lowers the optical contrast between the supercells and the wafer

background As well as a person who has a natural vision of colors. The resulting module includes the backing chip

white but may have a front surface appearance similar in appearance to that of the units shown in

0 Figures 5a-c; For example. 1105 Dark Strips can be produced in lengths of dark strip; For example (JE) or 4b the gal method is suitable. As previously mentioned, individual LAY shading within solar modules may lead to the formation of “CAL spots” where the power of unshaded cells dissipates into a shaded cell. This capacity creates The wasted local temperature surges that degrade the units.

5 _ To reduce the potential severity of these hot spots; Bypass diodes are traditionally included as part of the unit. The maximum number of cells is set between two branching diodes to limit the maximum unit temperature and avoid irreversible damage to the unit. Standard silicon cell schemes can utilize a branching diode every 20 or 24 cells; The number specified by the typical breakdown voltage of silicon cells. in the specified models; A breakdown voltage may fall in

0 ranges from about 10-50 volts. in the specified models; The breakdown voltage may be about 10 volts » about 15 volts » about 20 volts » about 25 volts about 30 volts or about 35 volts. According to the models, the roofing of cut solar cell strips works using thin thermal conductive adhesives; To improve thermal contact between solar cells. This improved thermal contact allows

— 5 9 — with a higher degree of thermal diffusivity than conventional interconnection technologies. The restricted thermal heat diffusion design based on the roofing allows the use of longer strings in more conventional solar cells. The simplification mentioned in the request may provide redundant branching diodes due to thermal diffusion facilitated by roofing according to the models; one or more benefits. For example JU is allowed

configures module diagrams for a variety of solar cell string lengths; It is not hampered by the need to provide a number of branching diodes. According to the models, thermal diffusion is achieved by maintaining a physical and thermal bond with a neighboring cell. This allows for adequate heat dissipation though the bonded joint.

0 On specified embodiments this joint is maintained at about 200 µm or Ji and runs the length of the solar cell in a segmented pattern. ply on the model; the joint clad may be about 200 µm or less; about 150 micro jie or less; about 125 µm or “Jd about 100 µm or less” about 90 µm or “Jil about 80 µm or less” about 70 µm or less” about 50 µm or less; or about 25 µm or less.

5 Manipulating the maturation of the micro-adhesive is important to ensure that a reliable joint is maintained while the thickness is reduced so that thermal diffusion between the bonded cells can be enhanced. Allowing longer strings to run (eg, more than 24 cells) provides flexibility in LAY and solar module design. For example; Certain models can make use of strings of cut solar cells that are stacked in a roofing manner. The mentioned bodies can be utilized

0 significantly more cells per module than a conventional module. non-existent thermal diffusion property; A branching diode is required every 24 cells. When cutting solar cells by 1/6; Branching diodes per unit are 6 times a conventional unit (includes 3 uncut cells); Which adds to the Mead 18 diodes. Thus thermal diffusion provides a significant reduction in the number of branching diodes.

— 6 9 — In addition to the above for each Su placa to branch » z ia to a switching circuit assembly to complete an electrical path switching. Each SU valve requires two interconnection points and a connector routing to connect them to these nd connection points. This creates a complex circuit; Contribute to the significant overhead costs associated with assembling a solar module.

In contrast, thermal diffusion technology requires only one or no bypass diodes per unit. The aforementioned organization facilitates the process of assembling the unit; that allow simple automation tools to perform the blueprint manufacturing steps. Eliminating the need for shunt protection every 24 cells makes the JIL unit cell easy to manufacture. Mid-unit tappings and long parallel connections of a switching circuit group are avoided.

0 This thermal diffusion is implemented by the formation of long roofed cell strips that run in width and/or length Bas oll . additionally to provide convectional diffusion of heat; Modular roofing also allows for improved hot spot performance by reducing the amount of current dissipated in the solar cell. specifically; During hot spot conditions, the amount of current dissipated in a solar cell depends on the area of the cell.

5 Because roofing may cut the cells into smaller areas, the amount of current passing through a single cell under hot spot conditions is a function of the dimensions of the cut. during hot spot conditions; The current passes through the path of least resistance which is usually the interface to a cell-level or bead-level defect. Reduction of this current represents the dmg benefit from the failure of the reliability risk under hot spot conditions. Figure 122 shows a horizontal view of a conventional 2200 unit utilizing tape connections

0 conventional 2201; under hot spot conditions. (bag) Shading 2202 in one cell 4 results in the localization of heat to the single cell. In contrast, Fig. 22b shows a horizontal view of a unit benefiting from thermal diffusion; also under hot spot conditions. Here, shading 2250 in cell 2252 generates heat inside That

— 7 9 — cell. This heat spreads; However, to the other electrically and thermally connected cells 2254 within module 2256. It is noted furthermore that the benefit of the reduction in dissipated current multiplies for many crystalline solar cells. Many crystalline cells are known to perform poorly under hot spot conditions due to the high level of defective interfaces. As described previously; Select models may employ bevel cut WAN roofing. In the cases mentioned » the feature of thermal diffusion exists to reflect; along the line connecting each cell with an adjacent cell. This maximizes the length of the tape of each overlapping joint. Since the junction is a major interface for 0 cell-to-cell heat spread; Increasing this maximum length would ensure optimal propagation. Shall Figure 123 shows an example of a 2300 Supercell series schematic with WIA chamfered 2302. In this configuration; The rinsed cells are oriented in the same direction; Thus, all connecting links are the same (125 mm). Shading 2306 in one cell results in a 2304 reverse bias for that cell. The heat spreads to 5 neighboring cells. The 12304 unconnected ends of a beveled cell become the hottest due to the longer conduction length to an adjacent cell. Figure 23b shows another example of a 2350 super cell series diagram with cells beveled 2. In this configuration; Beveled cells are directed in different directions; With some of the long edges of the beveled cells facing each other. This results in ordered jumper connection tracks of two 0 lengths: 5mm and 156mm. where cell 2354 is shaded by 2356; The configuration of Fig. 23b shows the enhanced thermal diffusivity along a longer bonding length. Figure 23b thus shows thermal diffusion in a supercell with beveled cells facing each other.

— 8 9 — The focus of the foregoing discussion has been on assembling an array of solar cells (which may be cut-off solar cells) in a roofing manner on a common substrate. This results in a unit configuration that includes an ALS interconnection - one junction box (or i box) in order to collect the GIS useful amount of solar power; however a combination typically includes a number of said units that are self-contained Together.Depending on the models, a group of solar cell modules may also be stacked in a capped manner to increase the area efficiency of the array.Specific models: The module can represent the upper conductive strap facing the solar direction, and the lower conductive strip facing away from the solar direction.The lower strip is buried Below the cells Yo JIL obstructs incoming light and adversely affects efficiency 0 unit area In contrast the upper band is exposed and can obstruct incoming light and adversely affect efficiency Depending on the models the units themselves may be roofed so that the top band is covered by an adjacent unit 0. Fig. 24 shows a simplified cross-section view of the aforementioned 2400 installation ¢ Cua terminal part 2401 of an adjacent unit 2402) overlaps with the top strap 2404 of an existing unit 5 1 2406. Each unit itself includes an array of roofed solar cells 7 buried dao al) lower 2408 Bas ol present 2406 0 is located on a raised side of an existing roofed unit so as to overlap with the adjacent roofed unit. This configuration provides the Load ceiling unit with additional space on the unit for other factors; without adversely affecting the exposed area of the unit matrix. Examples of unit elements that may be located in overlapping areas include but are not limited to the junction box (boxes (i 0 1 24) and/or carrier straps. Figure 25 shows another example of the 2500 roofed unit configuration. bag The boxes are j 2502 4 for the corresponding adjacent slate units 2506 and 2508 in the paired arrangement 2510 in order to

achieve electrical connection between them. This simplifies the modular rooftop array configuration by eliminating wires. in certain models; Junction boxes can be reinforced and/or combined with additional structural spacers. This configuration can create a complete solution for the Jile carrier of the unit surface combination base; Where is determined after the fund

links miles. This implementation can be particularly useful when installing an array of overlapping units on a flat roof. As the units include a glass substrate and a glass cover (glass-glass units); Units can be used without additional frame members by shortening the overall length of the unit (hence the exposed length 1 due to overlapping). Said default will allow tiled array units

0 to withstand expected physical loads Mie (snow load limit of 085400 ); without cracking under stress. The use of supercell architectures comprising an array of individual solar cells stacked in an interlocking fashion; Quickly accommodates unit length changes to accommodate a specific length dictated by physical load and other requirements.

5 Figure 26 shows a diagram of the rear (shaded) surface of a solar module 87 showing a representative electrical interconnection of the terminal electrical contacts of the front surface (sun side) of a super cell capped with a junction box on the back side of the module. The terminal contacts of the front surface of a roofed supercell may be located adjacent to the edge of the unit. Figure 26 shows the use of a flexible interconnect 400 for the electrical connection of a front surface terminal contact

0 for super cell 100. In the example shown; The interconnect 400 includes a Las 19400 segment running parallel and adjacent to the tip of the supercell 100 and the fingers 9400b extending perpendicular to the strip segment to contact the metallization pattern of the front surface (not shown) of the final solar cell in the supercell; which they bind to is a relativistic JS. and connector 9410 is conductively connected to interconnect 9400 passing behind a supercell 100 to electrically connect iy contact 9400 to electrical components (such as

Bypass diodes and/or module terminations in a junction box) on the rear surface of the solar module of which the supercell is a part. An insulating layer 9420 may be placed between conductor 9410 and the flange and back surface of supercell 100 to electrically isolate supercell 9410 from supercell 100. Interconductor 400 can optionally wrap around the edge of the supercell so that all of the supercell is located

0 behind or partially behind the supercell. In these cases an electrical insulating layer is typically provided between the interconductor 400 and the flange and rear surfaces of the supercell 100. The interconductor 400 can be cut from a molded contact wafer for example and can optionally be molded to increase its mechanical compatibility perpendicular to and also parallel to the edge of the supercell in order to reduce or withstand

0 The orthogonal and parallel stress of the supercell edge caused by a mismatch between the CTE of the interconductor and that of the supercell. This profiling can, for example, include notches; or fissures; or perforations (not shown). The mechanical compatibility of the interconnector 400) and its bond to the supercell should be sufficient for interconnection to the supercell in order to withstand the stress generated at the CTE mismatch during the laminating process further described Sas below.

5 The interconnector 400 can be connected to the supercell through; Sie is an electrically conductive and mechanically compatible binder as described above for use in bonding interlocking solar cells. Optionally the electrically conductive binder can be placed only at discrete positions along the edge of the supercell mie (corresponding to the positions of the discrete contact pads on the end of the solar cell) rather than in a continuous line extending largely along the edge of the cell dll for Reduce or contain parallel pressure

The edge of the solar cell arising from the mismatch between the thermal expansion alae of the electrically conductive matrix or interconductor and the modulus of the solar cell. Interconductor 400 can be cut from a thin copper foil; For example, they can be thinner than conventional conductive interconductors when configuring WIA Ultra 100 solar cells that have smaller areas than standard lg silicon solar cells operating at higher currents.

lower than traditional. For example, the interconductors 400 can be machined from a copper foil having a density of about 50 microns to about 300 microns. An interconductor 400 can be thin enough to accommodate the stress perpendicular to and parallel to the edge of the solar cell caused by a mismatch between the CTE of the interconductor and that of the supercell even without patterning as described above. Sharpie conductor 0 1 94 can be machined from copper “Wie . FIG. 27 shows a diagram of the back surface (shaded) of a solar module showing the electrical connection Glia of two or more Tawny-roofed supercells where the front surface (sun side) electrical terminal contacts are connected to each other and connected to a junction box on the back side of the module. The terminal contacts of the front surface of capped supercells can be located adjacent to the 0 edge of the unit. Figure 27 shows the use of two 400 flexible interconductors; As described by gill, “To create an electrical connection to the front surface terminal contacts of two adjacent superWAY 100s. A 9430 conductor running parallel and adjacent to the ends of the SuperWAY 100 is conductively coupled to two flexible interconductors to electrically connect the supercells in parallel. This interconnect 5 system can be extended to additional supercells in parallel” as desired. Bus 9430 can be formed from copper tape, for example. Similar to what was described above for Fig. 26; Interconductors 400 and bus 0 can optionally wrap around the edge of the supercells so that bar segments 19400 and bus 9430 lie behind or partly behind the supercell. In these cases an electrical insulating layer is typically provided between the interconductors 0 interconductors 400 and the edge and rear surfaces of the supercells 100 and between the conductor 9430 and the edge and rear surfaces of the supercells 100. Figure 28 shows the Gly law of the back surface (Jae) of a solar module explaining the HAT Vie involves the electrical interconnection of two or more late-roofed supercells in which the terminal electrical contacts of the front surface (sun side) of the supercells are connected to each other and to a box.

connections on the back side of the unit. The terminal contacts of the anterior surface of the capped supercells can be located adjacent to the edge of the unit. Figure 28 shows another example of using two Gye in 9440 conductors to electrically connect to a front surface end contact of a Super 100 cell. In this example; The flexible interconnector 9440 comprises a strip segment 19440 running parallel to and past the end of the solar cell 100 (9440 fingers 9440b extending perpendicular to the ¾) gall contacting the metallization pattern (not shown) of the front surface of the finished solar cell in the supercell; to which they are connected; and digits 9440 which extend perpendicular to the lamellae gall and behind the supercell. Fingers 9440c are conductively attached to bus 9450. Bus 9450 runs parallel to and adjacent 0 to the end of supercell 100 along the back surface of supercell 100; It may extend to overlap neighboring supercells with which it may similarly communicate electrically; Thus super WAY connection in parallel. Bonding Connector 9410 connected to Bus 9450 electrically interfaces the supercells to electrical components (such as bypass diodes and/or module terminals in a junction box) on the back surface of the solar module. Dielectric layers 9420 5 may be provided between the fingers 9440c, the flange and the back surfaces of the solar cell 100 (between the conductor 9450 and the back surface of the supercell 100” and between the conductor 9410 and the back surface of the supercell 100). Interconductor 9440 can be cut from a molded contact foil. Tie can optionally be modulated to increase its mechanical compliance both orthogonally and parallel to the edge of the supercell in order to reduce or withstand the stress perpendicular to and parallel to the edge of the supercell caused by a mismatch between the CTE of interconductor 0 and that of the supercell. This profiling can, for example, include notches; or fissures; or perforations (not shown). The mechanical compatibility of the 9440 interconnector and its connection to the supercell should be; Sufficient for supercell coupling to withstand the stress generated at the CTE mismatch during the lamination process described in more detail below. The 9440 interconductor can be bonded to the supercell of Sle (Dla) electrically conductive and mechanically compatible binder as described above for use in strand 5 interlocking solar cells. Optionally the electrically conductive binder can be applied only at the locations of

separated along the edge of the supercell (eg corresponding to the positions of the separate contact pads on the finished solar cell) rather than in a continuous line extending substantially along the cell dla in order to reduce or accommodate the stress parallel to the edge of the solar cell created by The mismatch between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the electrically conductive binder or the interconductor and the coefficient of the solar cell. Interconductor 9440 can be cut from a thin copper foil; For example"; They can be thinner than conventional interconductors when configuring WIA Ultra 100 solar panels comprising smaller areas than standard lig silicon solar cells operating at lower currents than conventional ones. For example, the 9440 interconductors can be formed from a copper foil having a density of about 50 microns to about 300 microns. The 9440 interconductor can be thin enough to accommodate the stress perpendicular to and parallel to the edge of the solar cell caused by a mismatch between the CTE of the interconductor and that of the supercell even without patterning as described above. Bus 9450 can be formed from copper tape lie Fingers 9440c can be attached to bus 9450 after attaching fingers 9440b to the front surface of supercell 5 100. In these cases the fingers 9440 can be flexed away from the back surface of supercell 100 (eg perpendicular to supercell 100) when attached to carrier 0. The fingers 9440g can then be flexed to run along the back surface of supercell 100 as shown in Figure 28. Figure 29 shows segmented and perspective cross-sectional drawings of two supercells illustrating the use of a flexible 0 interconnector split between the ends interlocking of adjacent supercells in order to electrically connect the supercells in series and to provide an electrical connection to the junction box Figure 129 shows an enlarged projection of the area of interest in Figure 29. Figure 29 and Figure 129 show the use of a representative flexible interconnector 2960 partially cleaved between the interlocking ends of the two supercells 100 and electrically connecting them interconnection in order to provide connectivity

electrophoresis by contacting the anterior end surface of one supercell and contacting the posterior surface end of the other supercell; Hence the interconnection of supercells in series. In the example shown; The 2960 Gide interconnector is visible from the front of the solar module by the top side of the two interlocking solar cells. in another contrast; The adjacent ends of the two supercells do not mesh and interconnector gia 2960 connected to the front surface end contact of one of the two supercells can be visible from the front surface of the solar module. optional; In the contrasting images mentioned; The part of the interconductor which is BA therefore all (he Wipe) the unit can be capped or tinted (opaque (Sie) to reduce visual contrast between the interconductor and the supercells; as observed by a human with normal color vision. An interconductor 2960 can extend Parallel to the lateral 0 edges of the two super cells Behind the side edges of the super cells To electrically connect a pair of super cells in parallel to a pair of super cells arranged similarly in an adjacent row. of two supercells with electrical components (such as shunt diodes and/or module terminations in a junction box) on the rear surface of the solar module. In another variation 5 (other than Sa (de) a conductor (apd 2970) is electrically connected to the bottom surface contact The interconnector may also provide a concealed branching point for one or more junction diodes or other components on the back surface of the solar module. 2960 of a molded contact wafer Tie and can optionally be modulated to increase 0 mechanical compatibility both orthogonal and parallel to the edge of the supercell in order to reduce or withstand the stress perpendicular to and parallel to the edge of the supercell caused by a mismatch between the CTE of the interconductor and that of the supercell. This profiling can, for example, include notches; or fissures; or perforations (not shown). The mechanical compatibility of the interconductor 400) and its bond to the supercell; should be sufficient for connection to the supercell to withstand the stress produced when the CTE mismatch occurs during the laminating process 5 described further Saati below.

The flexible interconductor can be attached to supercells by; Sle is an electrically conductive and mechanically compatible binder as described above for use in bonding interlocking solar cells. Optionally the electrically conductive binder can be placed only at discrete positions along the edge of the mag supercell (corresponding to the positions of the discrete contact pads on the end of the solar cell) rather than in a continuous line extending substantially along the edge of the dB cell in order to Reduce or contain parallel pressure

The edge of the solar cell arising from the mismatch between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the electrically conductive binder or interconductor and the coefficient of the solar cell. The 2960 interconnector can be cut from a thin copper foil Mie Templates can have one or more of the features described in the patent filing documents

0 Next: US Patent Bulletin No: 2014/0124013; and US Patent Bulletin No.: 4 and W who are fully incorporated as references for all purposes. This description discloses high-efficiency solar modules comprising silicon solar modules arranged in a capped fashion and electrically connected in series to form Al cells where supercells are connected in physically parallel rows in a solar module. Supercells can have lengths

5 necessarily extend over the full length or full width of the solar module; For example; Or two or more supercells may be arranged end-to-end in a row. This arrangement conceals the solar cell-to-solar cell interconnections; Sarg can also be used to create a visually appealing solar module with little or no contrast between adjacent solar LIANs connected in series.

0 A super cell can include any number of solar cells; In some embodiments it includes at least 19 solar cells and in certain embodiments it includes more than or equal to 100 silicon solar cells. Electrical contacts at intermediate locations along a supercell may wish to electrically divide the supercell into two or more sections connected in series while maintaining a continuous supercell Ld

This description reveals assemblies in which these electrical connections are made to the rear surface contact pads of one or more silicon solar cells in the supercell to provide electrical junction points that are hidden from view from the front of the solar module; which is denoted as Ll hidden fork”. The hidden branching point is the electrical connection between the posterior part of the cell

Solar and conductive interconnector. This description of Lal discloses the use of flexible interconductors for the electrical interconnection of ARUN front-end gaskets and supercell rear-end gaskets; or socket contact gaskets that are not visible on other solar cells or other electrical components in the solar module.

0 in addition; This description discloses the use of an electrically conductive adhesive to directly bond adjacent solar cells to each other in a supercell in order to provide electrically conductive, mechanically compatible bonds that accommodate a mismatch in thermal expansion between a superWAY and a solar module front glass sheet; In combination with the use of an electrically conductive adhesive to attach flexible interfacing to supercells through mechanically rough bonds that force the flexible interfacing to accommodate mismatches

5 on thermal expansion between flexible interconductors and supercells. This would avoid damage to the solar module that may occur BA therefore as a result of thermal cycle of the solar module. This will be described in detail below; Concealed socket contact gasket electrical connections can be used to electrically connect parts of a solar cell in parallel to corresponding parts of one or more supercells in adjacent rows; and/or supply electrical connections to the solar module circuit

0 - For multiple applications including but not limited to improved power utilization (e.g. 80/06 precision transformer diodes; DC/DC converters and reliability applications. Use dal) not shown as described above; as well as couplings hidden from cell to cell; It can further improve the aesthetic appearance of the solar module by providing a largely black overall appearance to the solar module; Load can increase the efficiency of the solar module by

By allowing a large portion of the surface area of the module to be filled with the active regions of the solar cells. Returning now to the figures for a better understanding of the solar modules described in this description; where Fig. 1 presents a cross-sectional projection of a series of series-connected solar cells arranged in a Cua-capped manner. The ends of adjacent solar cells are overlapped and electrically connected to form a supercell 100. Each solar cell 10 has a semiconductor diode structure and electrical contacts to the semiconductor diode structure The conductor through which the electric current is generated in the solar cell 10 when illuminated by light can be supplied to an external load. In the examples described in this description; Each solar cell 10 is a rectangular crystalline 0 silicon solar cell that includes a front surface (sun side) and back surface metallization patterns (shade side) that provide electrical contact with opposite sides of the PN junction. The front surface metallization pattern is placed on a semiconductor layer iN conductivity and the back surface metallization pattern is placed on a semiconductor layer for iN conductivity However, other material systems or diode structures, physical dimensions or other electrical contact configurations may be used if appropriate. The front surface metallization pattern (sun side) may be applied to a semiconducting layer for <n-type conductivity and the back surface metallization pattern (ils (shadow)) may be applied to an m-type conductive semiconducting layer. Referring again to Figure 1; In a supercell 100 adjacent solar cells 10 are conductively bonded directly to each other in the region where they overlap by an electrically conductive binder 0 that electrically connects the front surface metallization pattern of one solar cell to the back surface metallization pattern of an adjacent solar cell. Suitable electrically conductive binders Mie can include electrically conductive adhesives, adhesive overlays and electrically conductive adhesive tapes; and conventional welding alloys. Figure 31 and Figure 131 illustrate the use of an analog flexible interconnector 3160 Wha splitter between the interlocking ends of the two 100 supercells and electrically interconnecting them in order to provide a conductive connection

electrophoresis to the anterior end surface of one supercell and to the posterior surface end of the other supercell; Hence the interconnection of supercells in series. In the example shown; Interconnector 3160 is hidden from view from the front of the solar module by the top side of the two interlocking solar cells. in another contrast; The adjacent ends of the two supercells do not interlock and the connected 3160 interconnector part can be

By touching the end of the front surface of one of the two super cells, Wipe from the front surface of the solar module. optionally in the variants mentioned; ha the interconductor which is BA so Wipe from the front of the unit can be covered or tinted (Sle) to reduce the visual contrast between the interconductor and the supercells;. As observed by a human with normal color vision. It can stretch Interconnector

0 3160 Parallel to the lateral edges of the two supercells Behind the lateral edges of the supercells To electrically connect a pair of supercells in parallel with a pair of supercells arranged similarly in an adjacent row. Ribbon connector 3170 is conductively bonded to an interconnector 3160 as shown to connect the LuxS adjacent ends of the two supercells to electrical components Jie switching diodes and/or terminals

5 modules in a junction box) on the back surface of the solar module. In a variant (not shown) an ays 3170 conductor may be electrically attached to the bottom surface contact of one of the interlocking supercells away from its interlocking ends; rather than being attached to an interconnector 3160. This configuration may also provide a concealed junction point for one or more of shunt diodes or other components on the back surface of the solar module.

0 Figure 2 shows a representative rectangular 200 solar module comprising six 0+ super rectangular cells each of which is approximately the same length as the long sides of the solar module. Supercells are arranged as six parallel rows with their long sides extending parallel to the long sides of the unit. A solar module of a similar design may have two or fewer rows of the lateral length supercells shown in this example.

in another variant; The length of each cell can be approximately equal to the length of a short side of a unit

oblong umbrella They can be arranged in parallel rows with their long sides facing parallel

For the short sides of the unit. In other bodies also each row can contain two or more

of electrically interconnected supercells in series. Units can have sides

Short about 1 m long with long sides from eg 1.5 to approx

0 metres. Any Sie shapes and any other suitable dimensions can also be used for the units

solar.

Each supercell in this example comprises 72 rectangular solar cells that have a width of approximately 1/6

Of wafer width 156 mm square or pseudo square. Any suitable AT number of 0 rectangular solar cells of any other suitable dimensions may also be used.

Solar cells have smaller aspect ratios and long, narrow regions than a solar cell

Standard 156 mm X 156 mm; As explained; (Sa) It is used in a distinctive way to reduce loss

The resistive capacity is 12R in the LAY solar modules disclosed in this description. on dag

Specifically, the reduced area of the 10 size solar cell compared to the standard size 5 silicon solar cell reduces the current produced in the solar cell; Which directly reduces the resistance capacity loss in the cell

Solar and in series of these solar cells connected in series.

(Sa) Make a discreet socket to the back surface of a solar cell; for example by means of

The use of an electrical interconductor conductively bonded to one or more non-removable outlet contact pads.

Visible positioned only in the edge portion of the rear surface metallization pattern of the solar cell. Alternatively (Se 0) make a discreet socket using an interconductor that runs pretty much the entire length of the cell.

solar panels (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the solar cell) and connected to a set of gaskets

Concealed socket contacts distributed along the solar cell in a back surface metallization pattern.

Figure 131 shows a representative 3300 metallization pattern for the rear surface of a solar cell suitable for use with

Inconspicuous socket connected to the rims. The metallization pattern includes continuous electrical contacts

long side of the back surface of the solar cell; and silver contact pads of a discreet socket 3320, each arranged parallel to an edge adjacent to one of the short sides of the back surface of the solar cell. When arranging the solar cell into a super cell; The 3315 contact gaskets overlap and bond directly to the front surface of an adjacent rectangular solar cell. An interconductor may be conductively bonded to the contact pads of one of the two concealed sockets or the other 3320 in order to supply the supercell with a concealed socket. (The mentioned two interfaces can be employed to provide two hidden sockets, if desired). In the order shown in Figure 31a; Current flow from the concealed outlet is through Lae 0 back surface of the cell generally parallel to the long sides of the solar cell to the point where the interconductors meet (contact 3320). and to facilitate the flow of current along this path; Preferably, the back surface metallization foil resistance should be less than or equal to about 5 ohms in conductor or less than or equal to about 2.5 ohms in conductor. Figure 31b presents another representative metallization pattern of a back surface of a 3301 solar cell suitable for use 5 with discreet sockets employing a conductor-like Gin conductor along the back surface of a 3315 silver gasket cell arranged parallel to and adjacent to the edge of a long side of the back surface of the solar cell; and a set of discreet socket 3325 silver contact pads arranged in a row parallel to the long sides of the solar cell and centered approximately on the back surface of the solar cell. An interconductor running substantially over the full length of the solar cell can be conductively bonded to the concealed receptacle primarily through the conductor-like interconductor, making the conductivity of the back surface metallization pattern less important for the concealed receptacle.

The location and number of the blind socket contacts to which the blind socket interconductor is attached on the back surface of a solar cell affects the length of the current path through metallization of the back surface of the solar cell; on the contact pads of the concealed outlet; and the interconnector. Accordingly, the configuration of the concealed outlet contact pads can be chosen to reduce the resistance to collect current in the current path to the Play the concealed outlet interconnector. In addition to the bodies shown in the figures

31-131 (and Figure 31c discussed below); Suitable configurations for Concealed Die socket contact pads may include 2D matrix. Description Runs perpendicular to the long axis of the solar cell. In the latter case a row of concealed socket contact pads can be placed next to a short edge of, for example, the first solar cell.

0 FIG. 31c presents another representative metallization pattern for the back surface of the 3303 solar cell suitable for use with either flanged non-als sockets or blunt sockets employing two Gan Gad conductors along the back surface of the solar cell. The metallization pattern includes a continuous copper contact pad 3315 arranged parallel to and adjacent to the edge of a long side of the back surface of the solar cell; A set of 3317 brass fingers connected and extended perpendicularly from the insert

5 CONTACT 3315 AND PAD CONTACT A discreet socket of continuous copper conductor 3325 that runs parallel to the long sides of the solar cell and is approximately centered on the back surface of the solar cell. A flange-connected interconductor can be attached to a terminal portion of the 3325 copper conductor to supply the solar cell to a discreet outlet. (The aforementioned two interconnectors can be employed on any end of the copper conductor 5 to provide two hidden outlets if desired). com can bind to a connector

Penny runs pretty much the entire length of the solar cell in a conductive copper conductor 5 supercell supply with a discreet outlet. The interconnector employed to form the concealed socket can be bonded to the concealed socket contact pad in the back surface metallization pattern by tin soldering; welding; conductive adhesive; or in any other appropriate way. For metallization patterns that use silver fillers as explained in

5 Figures 31-31b; The interconnector may for example be formed from tinned copper.

Another method is to make the socket discreet directly to the back surface of the aluminum 0 contact with an aluminum conductor forming an aluminum-to-aluminium bond; which can be shaped, for example, by electric, laser or tin soldering; or conductive tape. in some embodiments; Contacts may contain tin. In the cases just described; The metallization of the back surface of the solar cell will lack the silver 3320 contact pads (Fig. 131) a5 (Fig. 31b); however, an edge-joined interconductor or a conductive aluminum interconductor can be bonded to an aluminum (or tin) 3310 contact at corresponding positions of the contact pads Differential thermal expansion between the concealed outlet interconductors (or interconductors to 0 front or rear surface super cell end contacts) and silicon solar cells; and the stress created on the solar cell and the interconductor; can lead to cracking and other types of faults that can lead to can degrade the performance of the solar module.Consequently, it is desirable that the concealed outlet and other interconnectors be configured to accommodate this differential expansion without the development of significant stress.The interconductors can provide stress relief and thermal expansion eg by being formed 5 from materials with high ductility ‎ Wie) soft copper; ultra-thin copper foil); or formed from materials with a low coefficient of thermal expansion (Jie Iron-Nickel Low Thermal Expansion Coefficient, INVardKovar, etc.) or from materials with a coefficient of thermal expansion nearly identical to that of silicon; that incorporate geometric dilatational features into the plane such as incisions; or fissures; or holes; or truss structures that accommodate the differential thermal expansion between the interconductor and the silicon 0 solar cell; and/or uses extra-level geometry features “warps”; or bumps; or clicks that accommodate said differential thermal expansion. Parts of the interconductor attached to discreet socket contact pads (or attached to front or rear surface end contact pads of the supercell as described below) may have a density of, say, less than about 100 microns; less than about 50 microns; or less than about 5 30 microns; or less than about 25 microns to increase the flexibility of the interconnectors.

Referring again to Figures (fT 7b-1; and 7b-2; these figures show interface configurations

many charades Labeled with reference numbers A400 -400L ; which use diluted geometric attributes

to stress and may be suitable for use as discreet dal interconnects or splices

Electrophoresis with front or back surface end contacts of a supercell. These interconductors typically have a length approximately equal to the length of the long sides of a rectangular solar cell that is attached to a panel, but can

To have any other suitable length.

The representative 400 T 400-A interconnectors shown in Figure 17 use various features in

stress relieving level. Analog interconnector 400 No shown in the projection in plane (YX).

The one in Fig. 7b-1 and the projection outside the plane (ZX) in Fig. 7-2 is used

0 flexes 3705 as extra-level stress-reducing features in a thin metal strip. Flex 3705 reduces the apparent tensile stiffness of the metal strip. The flexors allow the strip material to flex locally yar of elongation only when the strip is under tension. For thin strips; This can greatly reduce the apparent tensile toughness by eg 790 or more.

5 The actual amount of reduction in apparent tensile toughness depends on several factors including the number of flexural geometry; and bonding density. An interconnector can also utilize a combination of in-plane and out-of-plane stress relief features. Figures 137-1 to 38b-2; It will also be discussed in detail below; Numerous representative interface configurations employing external and in-plane stress-reducing geometries may be suitable.

0 for use as flanged interconnectors for concealed sockets. To reduce or minimize the number of conductor runs required to connect each non-all socket a non-all socket bus can be used. This method connects the adjacent contacts of a discreet socket of a supercell to each other through the use of a socket interconductor

Invisible. (The electrical connection is typically positive-to-positive or negative-to-negative; same polarity at each end.) For example; Figure 32 presents two first Gan conductors of a concealed outlet 3400 running substantially over the full width of a solar cell 10 in a first supercell 100 and connected to the contact pads of a concealed socket 3325 arranged as shown in Figure 31b; A second interconnector of a discreet outlet 3400 runs the full width of a corresponding solar cell in a supercell 100 in an adjacent row and is connected similarly to discreet dale contacts 3325 arranged as shown in Fig. 31b. The two 3400 interfaces are arranged in parallel and optionally adjacent or overlapping each other; They can be connected electrically to each other or alternatively electrically connected to form a Gin port that connects the two adjacent supercells. This system can be extended by additional rows (eg all rows) of supercells as desired in order to form a parallel sector of a solar module comprising sectors of several adjacent supercells. Figure 33 presents a perspective view of a section of a supercell from Figure 32. Figure 35 shows an example where supercells are interconnected in adjacent rows by means of a short 5 interconnector 3400 that spans the gap between the supercells and is connected to a discreet socket contact pad 3320 on one side Supercells and with another concealed socket contact pad 0 on the supercell (AY) where the contact pads are arranged as shown in Figure 132. Figure 36 displays a similar configuration in which a short interconductor extends over the gap between supercells in adjacent rows and is connected conductively at the end of gia central copper conductor of metallization of the back surface 0 on one supercell and adjacent end of a central copper conductor portion of the back surface metallization pattern of the other supercell wherein the metallization of the copper back surface is configured as shown in FIG. Interleave through additional rows (eg all rows) of supercells as desired in order to form a parallel sector of a solar module comprising sectors of several adjacent supercells.

Figures 1-137 through 37-3 show in-plane (YX) and out-of-plane (2-") projections of a short, representative 3400 interface to a concealed outlet incorporating stress-reducing features in level 3405. (The YX plane is a metallization type plane back surface of the solar cell). In the examples in Figures 137-1 through 237-2 each interconnector 3400 comprises lugs 3400 and 3400b located on opposite sides of one or more stress-reducing features in the plane. Representative stress-reducing features in plane include bodies of one, two, or more hollow diamond shapes; curvy bodies; and bodies for one, two or more slits. The phrase “dad in plane stress reliever” as used herein can also refer to the density or tensile strength of the interconductor or the iad of the interconductor; for example, the interconductor 3400 0 shown in Figures 37,-1 to 37,-3 is formed of a flat, straight length of a thin copper strip or copper foil having a density T in plane # of not less than or equal to about 100 microns; less than or equal to about 50 microns” less than or equal to about 30 microns” or less than or equal to about 5 microns to increase the flexibility of the interconductor The density T can be ie about 50 microns The length L of the interconductor can be eg ga 8 centimeters (cm) and the width/no of the 5 interconductor can be Jie About 0.5 cm Figures 37,-3 and 37,-1 respectively show the projections of the front and back surface of the interconductor in the plane oy = X The front surface of the interconductor faces the back surface of the solar module Whereas the interconductor can extend over the gap between the two parallel rows For supercells in a solar module, part of the interconductor can be wiped through that gap from the front side of the solar module.Optionally that part of the interconductor can be blackened by eg coating it with a black polymer layer to reduce its visibility. In the example shown; The C3400 central gia is coated from the front surface of the interconnector having a length of L2 of about 0.5 cm with a thin black polymer layer. Typically, 2 is greater than or equal to the width of the gap between the rows of the super cell. The density of the black polymer layer, for example, could be about 20 microns. Said copper thin strip interconnector can optionally 5 also utilize in-plane or out-of-plane stress-reducing features as described above; For example

Example » The interconnector may have stress-reducing out-of-plane bends as described above for Figs. Short representative interconnectors of a 3400 discreet socket have out-of-level 3407 strain-reducing features. In the examples each 3400 interconnector includes lugs 13400 and 3400b located on opposite sides of one or more out-of-level stress-reducing features. Representative extra-plane stress-relieving features include bodies for one or more flexions; sprains; bumps; or grooves. The stress-reducing trait types and profiles described in Figures 137-1 to 37e-20 and 38-1 to 38b-2 can be employed; The interconductor band density values described above for Figs. 1-437 to 37-3 also in long discreet socket interconnectors as described above and in interconnectors attached to the rear or front surface end contacts of the supercell as appropriate. An interconnector may have a combination of both in-plane and out-of-plane stress-reducing features. The in-level and out-of-level 5 stress mitigating features are designed to reduce or minimize the effects of strain and stress on the solar cell junction thus creating highly reliable and flexible electrical connections. Figures 139-1 and 139-2 show representative short interconnector assemblies of a concealed receptacle incorporating cell contact pad alignment features and super cell edge alignment features to facilitate self-operation; Ease of manufacturing and positioning accuracy. Figures 39b-1 and 39b-2 show a representative configuration of a short, discreet outlet 0 interconnector having asymmetric lengths of loops. These asymmetric interconductors can be used in opposite directions to avoid interference of conductors traveling parallel to the longitudinal axis of the supercells (see discussion for Figs. 142-42b below). The concealed sockets described herein can form the required electrical connections in the Bang design in order to provide the required electrical circuit for a unit. (Sar) Make the connections of the hidden socket, for example

example at commas 12; 24; 36) or 48 solar cells along a supercell; or at any other suitable interval. The separator between concealed take-offs can be specified depending on the application. Each supercell typically has a front surface end contact at one end of the supercell and a back surface end contact at the other end of the supercell.In contrast, where the supercell extends the length or width of the solar module, these terminal contacts can be placed near opposite edges of the solar module.A flexible interconductor can be conductively attached to the front or back surface end contacts of a supercell to electrically connect the supercell to the cells to other solar modules or to other electrical components in the module For example, Fig. 134 shows a cross-sectional view of a representative solar module with an interconnector 3410 0 connected to a back surface end contact at a supercell end The back surface end contact interconnector 3410 could be; or includes, for example, copper tape or thin copper foil having a density perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell to which it is attached is less than or equal to about 0 microns; or less than or about 50 microns; or less than or equal to about 30 microns; or less than or equal to About 25 microns to increase the flexibility of the interconnector. The width of the interconductor 5 eg can be greater than or equal to about 10 mm in plane of the solar cell surface in a direction perpendicular to the current flow through the interconductor to improve conductivity. as described; The 3410 Back Surface End Contact Interconductor can be located behind the solar cells; Where a portion of the interconductor does not extend behind the supercell in the direction parallel to the supercell row. Similar interconnectors can be used to connect the front surface end contacts. alternatively To reduce the front surface area of the solar module occupied by the front surface end interconnectors; The front surface interconductor may comprise a thin flexible gia directly bonded to the supercell and a denser part providing high conductivity. This arrangement reduces the interfacial conductor width needed to achieve foamed conductivity. The dense part of the interconductor can be an essential part of the interconductor; For example, or be a separate piece attached to the thin part of the connector

Alpine. For example; Figures 34b-34c each show a cross-sectional projection of a representative interface 3410 conductively bonded to a front surface end contact at the end of a supercell. In both examples, the 13410 thin flexible portion of the interconductor directly attached to the supercell comprises a thin copper strip or thin copper foil having a density perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell to which it is attached is less than or equal to about 100 microns; Less than or equal to about 50

microns” is less than or equal to about 30 microns; or less than or equal to about 25 microns. A thin copper strip section 3410b of the interconductor is bonded to the thin section 13410 to improve the conductivity of the interconductor. in Figure 34b; Electrically conductive tape 3410g on the back surface gal attaches the interconnector

0 The thin 13410 the thin interconductor part of the super cell and the dense interconductor part 60. In Figure 234 the thin interconductor gia 13410 ian the dense interconductor 3410b is attached by means of an electrically conductive adhesive 3410d and bonded to the supercell by means of an electrically conductive adhesive 3410e. Electrically conductive adhesives 3410D and 3410E can be the same or different; The electrically conductive adhesive 3410 H (Kar) Wie is soldered

5 Qasdari. The solar modules described in this description may have a lamellar structure (as shown in Figure 134) in which the supercells and one or more encapsulated materials 3610 are sandwiched between a transparent frontal sheet 3620 and a black frontal sheet 3630. The transparent frontal sheet can be glass. Sle The black wafer can be Wail of glass or Ble of any suitable material

0 other. An additional strip of laminated material may be placed between the 3410 back face end interconnector and the back surface of the super cell as shown. As noted above, “concealed sockets provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance of a black ALS unit.” Since these connectors are made of highly reflective Ghai conductors, they will naturally have high contrast with the attached solar cells. However, by forming the connectors on back surface

For solar cells, with Lad extending other connectors in the solar module circuit behind the solar cells, the various connectors are hidden from view, allowing for multiple connection points (concealed sockets) while maintaining the "all-black" appearance. Concealed sockets can be used to configure various unit designs. In the example in Figure 40 (Physical Design) and Figure 41 (Electrical Diagram); A solar module comprises of six supercells each running the length of the module. Concealed socket contact pads and short interconnectors 3400 divide each supercell into three sections and electrically connect adjacent supercell sections in parallel thus forming three sets of parallel connected supercell sections. Each assembly is connected in parallel to a different 1300A-0 1300C diode switching valve that is inserted into (integrated into) the laminar assembly of the unit. Switching diodes can for example be located directly behind the supercells or between the supercells. Transfer diodes can be placed roughly along a central line of the solar module parallel to the long sides of the solar module for example. In the example in Figures 42-142b (also corresponding to the electrical diagram in Figure 5 41); A solar module comprises of six supercells each running the length of the module. Concealed socket contact pads and short interconnectors 3400 divide each supercell into three sections and electrically connect adjacent supercell sections in parallel thus forming three sets of parallel connected supercell sections. Each set is connected in parallel to a different 21300-11300 shunt diode that sits behind the supercells and connects 0 pads, concealed outlet contacts and short interconnectors to shunt diodes located at the back of the unit inside a junction box. Figure 42b provides a detailed connection plan for the short interconnectors 3400 to the hidden outlet and the connectors 1500b and 1500c. As shown, these connectors do not interfere with each other.” In the example described, this is done through the use of 5 3400 asymmetric interfaces arranged in different directions. Another way to avoid overlapping connectors is to use a connector

The first asymmetric interconnector 3400 has loops of a first length and a second asymmetric interconnector 0 has loops of a different length than the first. In the example from Figure 43 (which also corresponds to an electrical diagram from Figure 41); The solar module is configured similarly as shown in FIG. 142 except that the interconnections to discreet outlet 3400 form continuous buses that run substantially the entire width of the solar module. Each carrier may be an individual long interconnect 3400 conductively attached to the metallization of the rear surface of each supercell. alternatively A carrier may include several independent interfaces; each covering one supercell; Conductively connected to each other or otherwise electrically interconnected as previously described for FIG. 41. FIG. 43 also shows the terminal 0 interconnections of a 3410 supercell forming the continuous conductor along one terminal of the solar module to electrically connect the terminal contacts to a front surface of the supercells. An additional 3410 supercell terminal interconnects form the continuous conductor along the opposite end of the solar module to electrically connect the terminal contacts to the back surface of the supercells. A representative solar module in Figs. 144-44 (also corresponds to the electrical diagram of Fig. 41. 5) This example uses a short concealed outlet interconnection 3400 as in Fig. 142 and an interconnection 3410 forming the continuous conductors of the front and back surface terminal contacts of the supercell; as in Fig. 43 In the example from Fig. 147 (physical diagram) and Fig. 47b (electrical diagram), a solar module has six supercells each running the full length of the module. 2/ 3 long segment and 1/ 3 long segment Interconnects 3410 at the bottom edge of the WS (shown in the figure) interconnect three rows on the left side parallel to each other; Three rows on the right side parallel to each other (andl) and three rows on the left side respectively with three rows on the right side. This fixture forms three groups of 5 supercell sections connected in parallel with each supercell group having a length of 2/3 the length of cell

superlative. Each group is connected in parallel to a different 82000 branch diode.

0.. This fixture provides twice the voltage and about half the current that can be provided by the same

Supercells if they are electrically connected Yay than that as shown in Figure 41.

As previously indicated with reference to Figure 34a; Interconnections associated with terminal contacts of the posterior surface of the supercell may lie entirely behind the supercells and are not visible in the view from the front

(Sun) side of the solar module. 3410 interfaces may be connected to terminal contacts

The front surface of the supercell is visible in the rear view of the solar module (eg Jl) as in

dal) 43) because it extends further from the tips of the supercells (eg (Jaa) as in Figure 44) or

They fold around and below the tips of the supercells.

uw 10 Use of concealed sockets Assemble small numbers of solar cells per branching diode. in the examples in Figures 48-148 (each showing a physical diagram); Solar Bang comprises of six supercells each running the length of a unit. Concealed socket contact pads and short interconnects 3400 segment each supercell into fifths and electrically connect adjacent supercell sections in parallel, thus forming five sets of connected supercell sections

5 in parallel. Each assembly is connected in parallel to a different E2100-A2100 branching diodes inserted into (included in) the unit's lamellar construction. Branching diodes, for example, may be located immediately behind the supercells or between the supercells. The 3410 supercell terminal interconnects form the continuous conductor along one terminal of the solar module to electrically connect the supercell front surface terminal contacts. and terminal interconnections for a super cell 3410

Additional 0 forms the continuous conductor along the opposite end of the solar module to electrically connect terminal contacts to the back surface of the supercells. In the example from Figure M48 one junction box 0 is electrically connected to the front and rear terminal surface interconnect buses by means of connectors 5 2115b. There are no diodes in a junction box; however, alternatively (Figure 48b) the connectors can be discarded Long Back 2215 and 2115b and Box Replacement

5 Connect one 2110 to two polarity junction boxes (+ or =) 2110-12110 provided;

For example; at opposite edges of the unit. This eliminates resistive losses in long return conductors. Although the examples described in the application (Jad) use discreet sockets for the electrical partitioning of each supercell into three or five groups of solar cells; These examples are for illustrative purposes, not limitation. in general; A non-displayed socket can be used for the electrophoresis of the cell

Superior to more or less than the solar cell combinations shown; and/or to more or less solar cells for each group shown. in the normal operation of the solar modules described in the present order; When no branching diode is forward biased and inductive; There is little or no current flow through any of the padding

0 is connected to an unconspicuous outlet. Instead of that; Current flows through the length of each supercell through cell-to-cell conductive bonds between adjacent superimposed solar cells. in contrast; Figure 45 shows the current flow when shunting a portion of the solar module through a forward biased branching diode. As indicated by the arrows; In this example, current flows in the far left of the supercell, along the supercell, until it reaches the solar cell connected to the outlet; dang it via metal

5 back surface of the solar cell; discreet dale contact padding (not shown); interconnect 0 to the second solar cell in an adjacent supercell; Other concealed socket contacts (not shown) to which the interconnection in the All solar cell is connected through metallization of the rear surface of the All solar cell and through additional concealed socket contacts; interconnections The back surface of the solar cell is metallized to a conductor 1500 conducting to a branching diode.

0 is similar to the flow of current through other supercells. As can be seen from the illustration; In the cases described, a discreet socket contact gasket may conduct current from two or more rows of supercells; Thus delivering a current greater than the current generated in Af one solar cell per unit. Typically there is no carrier rod; contact padding; or other spall element (other than the front surface metal toes or an overlay of the adjacent solar cell) on the front surface of the cell

5 Solar charge against a concealed outlet contact. Accordingly; If the contact pad is formed in an outlet other than

visible in silver on the silicon solar cell; The light conversion efficiency of the solar cell may decrease in the contact pad area of a concealed outlet if the silver contact pad reduces the effect of the back surface field which prevents the combination of the back surface tin solder. In order to avoid this loss of efficiency; Most supercell solar cells do not typically include concealed socket contacts. (eg » in some variants only those solar cells for which an in-out contactor is necessary for a branching diode circuit will have an in-out contact mentioned). In addition to what can be used to match the current generation in solar cells that have a plug in to the current generation in solar cells that lack a plug in the socket; Solar cells with 0 blanks may have a greater light-gathering area than solar cells without plain-contacts. Individual discreet socket contact gaskets may have rectangular dimensions; For example » is less than or equal to about 2 mm by less than or equal to about 5 mm. Solar modules undergo temperature cycling as a result of temperature variations in the environment 5 in which they are installed during operation; And during the test. As shown in Figure 46a; During said temperature cycling is caused by a mismatch in thermal expansion between the silicon solar cells in the supercell and the other parts of the sand) eg glass front sheet of the module; Relative motion between the supercell and other parts of the unit along the longitudinal axis of the supercell rows. Said incompatibility tends to stretch or compress the supercells; The solar WAY 0 or the conductive bonds between solar cells in supercells may be damaged. similarly; As shown in Fig. 46) during temperature cycling, a mismatch in thermal expansion between an interconnector attached to the solar cell and the solar cell results in the relative motion between the interconnector and the solar cell in a direction perpendicular to the rows of the supercells. This mismatch exerts stress and may damage the LA solar; interconnection; gin connector This may occur with interconnections

Associated with discreet socket contact pads and interconnects attached to the front or back surface of a supercell or terminal contacts. similarly; may create annular mechanical loading of a solar module; for example during shipping or due to weather (eg wind and snow); Local shear forces at cell-to-cell bonds within the supercell and at the interface between the solar cell and the interface. These shear forces can also damage the solar module. To avoid problems arising from relative motion between the supercells and other parts of the solar module along the longitudinal axis of the supercell rows; Conductive adhesive can be selected using Jay! Adjacent superimposed solar cells to each other to form the flexible conductive bond 3515 (Fig. Glass of the unit in a parallel direction in rows in a temperature range from about -40 C to about 100 C without damaging the solar module. A conductive adhesive for the formation of conductive bonds that has a shear modulus at standard test conditions (ie, 25 m) can be selected; For example. less than or equal to about 100 MPa (MPa); 5 is less than or equal to about 200 MPa; less than or equal to about 300 MPa; less than or equal to about 400 MPa; less than or equal to about 500 MPa; less than or equal to about 600 MPa; less than or equal to about 700 MPa; JB of or equal to about 800 MPa; less than or equal to about 900 MPa; or less than or equal to about 1000 MPa. The flexible conductive bonds between adjacent, superimposed 0 solar cells can offset the differential motion between each cell and a glass front sheet of greater than or equal to about 15 microns; For example. Suitable conductive adhesives may include; “ball on” ECM 1541-3 is available from Engineered Conductive Materials LLC. to enhance heat flow along the supercell; This reduces the risk of damage to the solar module due to hot spots that may arise during operation of the solar module if the solar cell in the module is reverse biased 5 due to shading or due to AT ¢ conductive bonds between adjacent solar WIAs may form overlapping

using; For example, (JB) thickness perpendicular to solar cells is less than or equal to about 50 microns and thermal conductivity perpendicular to solar cells is greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/(m-kilo). To avoid problems arising from the relative movement between the interconnection and the solar cell to which it is connected; A conductive adhesive used for the solar cell interconnection bond can be selected to form the conductive bond between the solar cell and the interconnection rigid enough to drive the interconnection to accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the solar cell and the interconnection in a temperature range of about -40 °C to about 180 °C Don Gili the solar module. Said conductive adhesive may be selected to form the conductive bond having a shear modulus at standard test conditions (ie, 0 25 m); For example; greater than or equal to about 1800 MPa; greater than or equal to about 1900 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2000 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2100 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2200 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2300 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2400 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2500 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2600 MPa; greater than or equal to 5 about 2700 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2800 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2900 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3000 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3100 MPa greater than or equal to about 3200 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3300 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3400 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3500 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3600 MPa; greater than or equal to 0 about 3700 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3800 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3900 MPa. or greater than or equal to about 4000 MPa. In the aforementioned contrasts, the interconnection can tolerate thermal expansion or contraction of the interconnection greater than or equal to about 40 μm; For example. Suitable conductive adhesives may include; For example “Jbl on 00-450 Hitachi and tin solders.

eg like this; Bondings between adjacent solar WIAs nested within a supercell are able to benefit from a different conductive adhesive than supercell bonding and an electro-elastic interconnect. For example; The conductive link between the supercell and the electrically elastic interconnection may consist of tin solder; The conductive bonds are formed between adjacent solar cells

5 overlays of conductive adhesive that are not soldered with tin. In contrast 3 all of the conductive adhesives can be cured in a single-step process; For example in from about 150 pm to about 180 pm process window. The focus of the foregoing discussion has been on assembling an array of solar cells (possibly towed solar cells) in a roofed fashion on a common substrate. It follows that the unit is configured.

0 in order to collect a sufficient amount of useful solar energy; However; The establishment typically includes a number of the aforementioned units that are self-contained together. According to [or atl], a group that may also consist of solar cell units that are combined in a roofed way to increase the efficiency of the matrix area. in the specified models; The unit can distinguish the upper conductive strap facing the solar direction; and the lower conductive strip facing away from the solar direction.

5. The bottom strap is buried under the cells. Subsequently; Does not obstruct incoming light and adversely affect unit space efficiency. In contrast"; The upper bandage is exposed and can obstruct incoming light and adversely affect efficiency. Depending on the models, the units themselves may be roofed; So that the upper strap is covered by an adjacent unit. This roofed unit configuration can also provide additional space in the unit for other items;

0 without adversely affecting the final area of the exposed unit matrix. Examples of unit elements that may be located in overlapping areas may include, but are not limited to, 'junction box(s)' and/or bus bars.

in the specified models; be the boxes | For the corresponding adjacent roofed units in a coupling device

It is possible to achieve electrical connection between them. This simplifies the configuration of an array of roofed units

by getting rid of the wires.

in the specified models; The boxes [5] can be enhanced or combined with additional structural interfaces. Said entity may configure an integrated pitched roof combination carrier solution; Where the link dimensions are specified

tilting box. The mentioned implementation may be particularly useful where an array of modules is installed

thatched on a flat roof.

Capped supercells lend themselves to unique unit scheme opportunities for power management devices

Unit level (eg; DCJ AC mini transformers) Unit power improvers

0 6 / 6 intelligent voltage and intelligent transformer; and related devices). The advantages of unit-level capacity management systems are to improve capacity. The supercells as described and used in the present order can produce higher voltage values than conventional panels. additionally; A super unit cell diagram can further segment the unit. Higher voltage values and increased fragmentation both create potential advantages for capacity improvement.

5 This specification discloses high-efficiency solar modules (ie, solar panels) comprising narrow rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in a capped manner and electrically connected in series to form supercells; with super LAYs arranged in physically parallel rows on the solar module. Supercells may have lengths spanning the entire length or width of the solar module; For example; or two or more supercells may be arranged end-to-end in a row. may be

0 Each supercell includes any number of solar cells; In some variants it includes at least 19 solar cells and in certain variants greater than or equal to 100 silicon solar cells; For example. Each solar module may have a conventional size and shape as well as hundreds of silicon solar cells; It allows the supercells in a single solar module to be electrically interconnected to provide a direct current (DC) voltage ranging for example; From about 90 volts (V) to approx

5 450 no or more.

As further described Lad follows; This higher DC voltage facilitates conversion from alternating current to direct current (AC) by means of a transformer (for example, a microinverter on the solar module) by eliminating or eliminating the need for a DC to DC boost (increase at a voltage of (DC) before being converted to AC by means of a transformer. Also as further described below;

High voltage DC also facilitates the use of equipment in which the DC/AC conversion can be performed by means of a central transformer receiving the high voltage DC output from two or more high voltage capped units of a solar cell electrically connected in parallel to each other. Turning now to the figures for a more detailed understanding of the solar modules described in this specification; Figure 1 shows a cross-section view of a series of solar cells connected in series 10

0 arranged in a capped manner with the terminals of adjacent solar cells superimposed and electrically connected to form a supercell 100. Each solar cell 10 comprises a semiconductor diode structure and electrical contacts of a semiconductor diode structure by means of which the electric current generated in the solar cell 10 when illuminated by ‎ egal) to an external load. In the examples described in this specification; Each solar cell is 10 crystalline solar cells

5 rectangular silicon having front surface (sun side) and back surface (shaded side) metallization patterns provide electrical contact with opposite sides of the inp joint The front surface metallization pattern is placed on a semiconductor layer for oN type conductivity and the back surface metallization pattern is placed on a semiconducting layer of type Pp conductivity however; Article systems can be used; diode structures; physical dimensions; or electrical contact fittings if appropriate. For example; metal pattern

0 front surface (sun side) may be placed on a P-type conductivity semiconductor layer and a back surface metallization pattern (shaded side) may be laid on an N-type conductive semiconductive layer Referring again to Fig. 1 in a 100 super cell is 10 adjacent solar cells conductively connected to each other in the area in which they are overlapped by an electrically conductive bonding material that electrically connects the front surface metallization pattern of one solar cell with a rear surface metallization pattern

5 for the adjacent solar cell. Electrically conductive bonding materials may include, for example, materials

electrically conductive adhesive, electrically conductive adhesive films and adhesive tapes; and traditional tin solders. Figure 2 shows a representative rectangular ¢200 solar module comprising six ¢100 rectangular supercells each having a length approximately equal to the length of the long sides of the solar module.

The supercells are arranged in six parallel rows with their long sides oriented parallel to the long sides of the unit. Files A configured solar sang may have more or fewer rows of side-length supercells named JB than shown in this example. In other variants each of the supercells may have a length approximately equal to the length of the short side of a rectangular solar module; The rows are arranged in parallel with the long sides directed

0 parallel to the short sides of the unit. In other installations each row may also contain two or more electrically interconnected supercells in series. Units may have short sides that have length; For example; about 1 jie and the long sides are long; For example, from about 1.5 to about 2.0 meters. Any other suitable shapes (for example »square) and dimensions of the solar modules can also be used.

5 in some contrasting images; The conductive bonds between the superimposed solar cells provide mechanical compatibility with the supercells that accommodates the mismatch in thermal expansion between the supercells and the solar module front sheet in parallel orientation in rows in a temperature range of about -40°C to about 100°C without damage to the solar module. Each supercell in the example shown includes 72 rectangular solar cells each

0 a width equal to or approximately equal to 1/6 the width of a conventionally sized square or pseudo-square silicon wafer of 156 mm or a length equal to or approximately equal to the width of the pseudo-square or pseudo-square wafer. more generally; The rectangular silicon solar cells used in the solar modules described herein may include lengths of; for example » is equal to or approximately equal to the width of a square or pseudo-square silicon wafer of conventional size and width values; for example

5 example; MJT is equal to or approximately equal to the width of the square or pseudo-square wafer of the same size

traditional; such that GSM any integer > 20. 8M is eg 3 4; 5; 6 or 2. A may also be greater than 20. The supercell may include any suitable number of said rectangular solar cells. The supercells of a 200 solar module may be interconnected in series by electrical interconnections (optionally » flexible electrical interconnections) or by module level power electronics

As described below to provide higher conventional sized solar module voltage than conventional voltage; Because the roofing method described a little earlier includes many more cells per unit than the traditional one. For example, a typical sized solar module includes supercells made of 1/8th of cut silicon solar cells which may include more than 600 solar cells each.

0 units. In comparison with; A conventional sized solar module comprises conventional sized interconnected silicon solar cells typically comprising about 60 solar cells per module. in conventional silicon solar modules; Square or pseudo-square solar cells are typically interconnected by copper strips and spaced apart to accommodate the interconnections. In the cases stated » square wafer cutting or a conventional sized dreadful dummy will result in

5 narrow rectangles reduces the total active area of the solar cell in the module and therefore limits the module capacity due to additional cell-to-cell interconnections. in contrast; In the solar modules disclosed in the all application, the capped fixture obscures cell-to-cell electrical interconnections below the active area of the solar cell. Accordingly, the solar modules described in the present application may provide higher output voltage values without reducing the input capacity of the module due to:

0 There is little or no negotiation between module capacity and numbers of solar cells (and required cell-to-cell interconnections) in the solar module. When all solar cells are connected in series; A roofed solar cell unit as described in the present order may provide a DC voltage in the range from about 90 V to about 450 V or more; For example. As previously mentioned; This higher DC voltage may be useful.

For example; A microconverter placed on or near a solar module can be used to improve module-level power and convert DC to JAC now referring to Figures 149-49.” A 4310 microconverter conventionally accepts 25V to 40V DC output from a module One solar 4300 outputs 230 volts AC output to match the connected grid. A microtransformer typically includes two

main components; DC/ DC boost and AC reverse /00. The DC/DC boost 53031 DC bus voltage required for DCJ AC conversion is utilized and is typically a more costly and lossy component (72 efficiency losses).Because the solar modules described in the present order offer a higher voltage output, the need may be reduced The DCJ DC can be enhanced or discarded (Fig. 49b).This may reduce the cost and increase the efficiency and reliability of the Solar Module 200.

0 in conventional installations using an a central transformer (Abul) instead of microtransformers; Conventional low output DC solar modules are lily connected in series to each other and a series converter. The voltage produced by a series of solar modules is equal to the unit set of individual voltage values; Because the units are connected in series. The allowable voltage range determines the maximum and minimum number of units in series. The maximum number of units is set by voltage limits

5 Module and blade voltage: eg >Nmax x Voc 600V (US residential standard) or Nmax x Voc <1:000V (commercial standard). Minimum aad units in series defined by unit voltage and minimum operating voltage required by a series transformer: x Vmp > Vinvertermin 010l. Minimum operating voltage (VInvertermin) required by a series transformer (eg 100105 “Powerone”

0 or an SMA converter (typically between about 180 V and about 250 V. Typically; the ideal operating voltage for a series inverter is about 400 V. A single high-voltage DC rooftop solar cell unit as described in the present order may produce a voltage greater than the limit The minimum operating voltage required by a series inverter, optionally at or close to the ideal operating voltage for a series inverter.As a result, solar cell modules may

5 high-voltage DC ceilings described in the current application are electrically connected in parallel to each other

Some with a series adapter. lig The string length requirement can be avoided for unit strings connected in series; This may complicate system design and installation. also; In series connected series of solar modules less module current dominates; The system cannot operate efficiently if units in the chain receive different lighting such as with units on roof slopes or as a result of tree shade. The high-voltage parallel unit assemblies described herein may also avoid these problems; Because the current through each solar module is independent, they are current through the other solar modules. In addition to the above; Said equipment should not require module-level power electronics and thus can improve the reliability of the solar modules; This may be particularly important in contrast images in which the solar modules are spread out on the roof of the building.

0 Referring now to Figures 50-50b; As previously described; The supercell may run almost the entire length or width of the solar module. to enable electrical connections along the supercell; The connection point to an electrical outlet (from front view) can be integrated into the solar module structure. This can be accomplished by attaching an electrode to the surface metallization AY of the solar cell at a terminal or intermediate location in the supercell. These hidden sockets allow electrical fragmentation of the supercell;

5 and assists the interconnection of supercells or supercell divisions with branching diodes; unit-level power electronics (eg microtransformers; power enhancers; voltage intelligence and smart converters; and related devices); or other components. The use of discreet sockets is further described in Provisional US Patent Application No. 62/081.200; Provisional US Patent Application No. 62/1330205) and US Patent Application No. 14 [674983]

0 Include each in the current application for reference in its entirety. In the examples from Figure 150 (representative physical diagram) and Figure 50b (representative electrical diagram); The 200 solar modules shown each comprise six of the 100 ultracells electrically connected in series to provide high voltage ©0. Each supercell is electrically fragmented into many WAY solar arrays by AL unseen 4400; So that each group of

5 The solar cells are electrically connected in parallel to a different 4410 branching diode. In this

Examples are branching diodes located within the lamellar structure of the solar module; any; The solar cells are in an encapsulation between a transparent front surface film and a back surface film. alternatively These may be branching diodes located in a junction box located on the back surface or edge of the solar module; Interconnected to discreet sockets by means of connector plugs.

In the examples of Fig. 151 (Physical Scheme) and Fig. 51b (corresponding to the (Soest) schematic), a Solar Module 200 is also shown comprising six of the supercells 100 electrically connected in series to provide a high DC voltage. The solar module is electrically divided into three double series connected [dala] LDA with each pair of supercells electrically connected in parallel with a different discharge diode.In this example, the discharge diodes are placed inside

0 Junction box 4500 is located on the back surface of the solar module. The branching diodes may alternatively be located in the brown plate solar module or in a flange-mounted junction box. In the examples and in Figures 51-50b; In normal operation of a solar module, all solar cells are pulled forward and all branching diodes are pulled in the reverse direction, not

5 Connect it. If one or more of the solar cells in the array have been reverse-stretched to a sufficiently higher voltage; However; The branching diode corresponding to that combination will turn on and current will flow through the module and branch through the reverse clamped solar LOAN. This prevents dangerous hot spots from forming when there is shade or operational damage to the solar cells. alternatively Effective branching diodes can be achieved within unit-level power electronics;

0 eg microtransformer; placed on or near the solar module. (Unit level power electronics may also be referred to and used in the present application as unit level power management devices or systems and unit level power management). Optionally said unit level power electronics ¢ integrated into the solar module can improve power from groups of cA cells and from each super cell; or from each gga an individual supercell in diametrically segmented supercells

5 Electron (Je) eg” by Opera Powering an array of supercells; for a super cell; or

super cell fraction at the capacity point at its upper limit) thus providing a discrete capacity improvement in the unit. Unit level power electronics can eliminate the need for any diodes in the unit such as power electronics that determine when to sub-pass the entire unit, a given set of super cells, one or more individual super cells, and/or one or more parts of a particular super cell . This can be achieved; For example; By integrated voltage information at the unit level. and by observing the voltage output of a solar cell circuit; (eg, one or more supercells or supercell parts) in Solar Bang; The “smart switch” of the power management device can be selected if the circuit contains any solar cells in the reverse direction. If a reversely screwed 0 solar cell is detected; The power management device can be disconnected from the corresponding circuit of the electrical system using; For example; relay switch or other component. For example; 13) If the monitored solar cell circuit falls below the preset limit value, the power management device will stop (open the circuit). The preset threshold value can be; eg Ble (Jha) for a given percentage or amount (eg 5 » 720 or 10 volts) compared to the normal operating load of the circuit. (Say embedding voltage information implementations into existing unit level power electronics products (eg from Inc.c Tigo Energy: Inc. Solaredge Technologies:Enphase Energy Inc.) within a conventional circuit design. Figure 152 (scheme) (Physical) and Fig. 52b (corresponding to the electrical diagram) schematic 0 illustrative unit-level power management of high voltage A solar module comprises the roofed supercells. In this example, a rectangular solar module 200 has six rectangular supercells 100 arranged in six rows of length Long sides of the solar module Six supercells are electrically connected in series to provide high DC voltage Module level 4600 power electronics can perform voltage sensing; power management; and/or DC/conversion

ALK to AC 5

Figure 153 (physical diagram) and Figure 53b (corresponding electrical diagram) illustrate a schematic design of the AT for Hall management at the unit level of Ale voltage where a solar module includes the roofed supercells. In this example; A rectangular 200 solar module comprising six 100 rectangular roofed supercells arranged in six rows extends along the long sides of the solar module. Six supercells are electrically coupled within three continuous double chains of cells

superlative. Each pair of supercells communicates individually with power electronics to unit level 4600; which can perform voltage sensing and power optimization on individual pairs of supercells; Connecting two or more of them in series to provide high voltage DC » and/or shal DC/ AC conversion

Fig. 154 (physical diagram) and Fig. 54b (corresponding electrical diagram) show a schematic design of the AT for unit-level power management from high voltage; A solar module comprises of roofed supercells. In this example; A rectangular 200 solar module includes six rectangular roofed super WDA 100 arranged in six rows along the long sides of the solar module. Each super cell is individually connected with unit level capacity electronics 4600 ly can be played

5 Perform voltage sensing and power optimization on each super cell; Connect two or more of them in series to provide a higher DC voltage ¢ and/or perform a DC/ AC conversion. Figure 155 (physical diagram) and Figure 55b (corresponding electrical diagram) illustrate another schematic design for unit-level power management High The solar module includes the super-roofed cells. In this example; A rectangular solar module spans 200 includes six ultra WDA's

0 rectangular paddles of 100 are arranged in six rows along the long sides of the solar module. Each supercell is electrically compartmentalized into two or more solar cell assemblies by discreet sockets 4400. Each resulting solar cell assemblage is individually connected to the 4600 module level power electronics; which (Sar) performs voltage sensing and power optimization on each solar cell array; connected series of assemblies in series to provide DC voltage

5 high 5¢] or DCJ AC conversion.

In some variants two or SSTs of high-voltage DC capped solar cell modules as described herein are connected Tole in series to provide a DC voltage output Je which is converted to AC by a transformer. The inverter can be a microinverter built into one of the solar modules; For example. In the cases mentioned, the microtransformer can be optionally coupled by power management to unit level electronics that also perform additional sensing and conduction functions as previously described. Alternatively the inverter could be a central string 'fie' inverter which is discussed below. As shown in Fig. 56, when string cells in a row are in a solar module adjacent to rows of supercells they can be displaced along their axes in a wobble-ordered manner 0. This wobble allows the adjacent ends of the rows of supercells to be electrically connected in series by the internal bond 4700 which is bonded with the upper ed of one supercell and the lower part of the other and with the lower part of the other while the area of the unit providing (space/length) as with streamlined manufacturing dal) can contiguous rows of supercells by about 5 alle eg 5 differential thermal expansion can Between the 4700 electrical interfaces and the silicon solar cells the stress the solar cell creates on the solar cell and internal interconnection can lead to cracking and other types of failures that can degrade the performance and the solar module.As a result of cll it is desirable that the internal correlation and design be contained Same as differentiated extension without (sab) the big stress. The inner thread can provide compression and reduce thermal expansion; 0 for example” that are forged from highly forged materials (eg (JE) Soft Copper Foil or Thin Copper Foil) that are forged from low thermal expansion active materials (eg” Kovar, Infar or any iron alloy nickel-low thermal expansion) or of materials having a coefficient of thermal expansion nearly identical to that of silicon and comprising planar geometric expansion features such as longitudinal slits, slots and perforations, or truss-like structures which contain the differential thermal expansion 5 between the junction and the silicon solar cell and/or Using geometric features other than flat Jie

Twists or "wobbles" and "ally" clicks contain such differential thermal expansions. Connecting parts for interconnections can have thicknesses less than about 100 microns, less than about 50 microns, less than about 30 microns, or less than about 25 microns to increase the flexibility of interconnections. (The generally low current in the mentioned solar modules provides the use of thin flexible conductive tapes without significant loss in conductivity resulting from electrical resistance from the thin interconnection). In some contrasting images; The conductive bonds between the supercell and the elastic electrical interconnection force the elastic electrical interconnection to accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the supercell and the elastic electrical interconnection for a temperature range of about -40°C to about 180.0°C without damage to the solar module. Figure 17 (discussed above) shows several illustrative interfacial designs identified by reference numbers 400-1400 T that are used in flat stress with geometrical features that relieve stress in the flat (Figs. 7b-1 and 7b-2 All) Also discussed above) One example of an interfacial design identified by reference numbers 400 S5 and 3705 employs geometric features that relieve the pressure of the planer part. Any one or any combination of internally connected configurations used in stress-relieving features may be suitable for electrically connected supercells in many to provide high DC voltages as described herein. The discussion Lad relating to Figs. 51a55b is centered on the unit level of performance enhancement with potential DCJAC conversion from higher unit DC voltages by unit level power electrons to provide AC output from the unit. As noted above; The DCJAC conversion from high voltages to DC from the solar cell modules here can alternatively drive a central string converter. For example; Fig. 157 schematically shows a 4800 photovoltaic system comprising an array of high voltage DC 5 capped 200 solar cell modules electrically connected and connected in parallel with each other by means of a step-down transformer

With a negative connector for Lille DC voltage of 4820 and a positive connector for voltage 4810. Typically each 200 solar module comprises an array of roofed supercells electrically connected in a set of electrical interconnections to provide a high DC voltage as described above. The 200 solar modules may optionally include 5 branching diodes arranged as previously described; For example. Figure 57b shows an example of deploying a 4800V photovoltaic system on the upper part of the roof. In some variants of the 4800 photovoltaic system; Two or more short chains of strings for high voltage lly DC roofed solar cell modules (hay) are electrically connected in parallel with a series transformer. Referring again to Figure 0 57a; For example; Each 200 solar module can be replaced using strings connected with a series of two or AST 200 high voltage roofed solar cell modules. Cells can be made for example; To optimize the voltages supplied from the transformer while regulated standards are met. Conventional solar modules typically produce about 8 amps IC (short circuit current) about 50 Voc 5 (open circuit voltage) and about 35 7000 (capacity point voltage at all). As discussed above; The high-voltage DC roofed solar cell modules as described here comprise a/a times the number of conventional solar cells with each solar cell having an area of about 1/m/of the area of a conventional solar cell which yields well many times with higher voltage and current MT than a conventional 0 solar module. As noted above, a can be any suitable number, typically <20; but it can be greater than 20. M could be eg 3 4; 5; or 12. if a = 6; The VOC is for WIA rooftop high voltage DC solar modules which can; For example; to be about 300 volts. Connecting two of the mentioned units in 5 series provides about 600 volts 06 for the connector, which is compatible with the group at its maximum

From the US Standard Standards. if M = 4; The VOC is for roofed high-voltage solar cell modules; be for example; about 200 volts. With three of these units connected in groups they can provide sa 600 volts DC directly to the connector. If M = 12) then the VOC is for high voltage DC roofed solar cell modules which can be eg about 600 volts. A system with a conductor voltage of less than 0 volts can also be designed. In such variations there are high voltage DC roofed solar cell modules that can be “example” coupled in pairs with ADE images or any suitable combination in a match box to provide optimum voltage specific to the inverter. Challenged by the parallel designs of high 0 voltage©0 capped solar cell modules described above where none of the solar modules are short circuited solar modules can be universally dipped with respect to their short module capability (ie; current is driven through dissipated power in a short module) and the picture of hazard is created. This problem can be avoided, eg Jal, by using shield diodes arranged to avoid other modules from thrusting through a short module; and using current-limiting fuses in combination with 5 diodes Screen diode Figure 57b schematically shows the use of two current-limiting fuses 4830 on the Linge and negative terminals of a high-voltage DC roofed solar cell line of Module 200. It can depend on whether or not there is a converter. It can contain a converter. There shall be 0 systems for the use of a shunt device which shall have a shunt device which is typically grounded with a female conductor. Systems that typically use a transformer are not connected to a ground line with a female conductor. For the inverter transformer it may be preferable to include a fuse in connection with the positive terminal of the solar module and another current limiting fuse in connection with the negative terminal. Place shielding diodes and/or current-limiting fuses (eg) with each unit 5 in a junction box or in the lamellar unit. The appropriate junction box may include;

Shield diodes (eg in conjunction with diodes (dala) and fuses (eg JU in conjunction with fuses) over those available from Shoals Technology Group. Figure 158 shows an example of a capped high-voltage DC unit A solar cell comprising a junction box 0 which has a shielding diode 4850 aligned with the positive terminal of the solar module The junction box does not include a current restricted fuse This configuration may preferably be used in combination with one or more current limiting fuses located elsewhere (eg in the one box) in line with the positive terminals and/or negative terminals of the solar module (eg see Fig. 58d below). which has a shutter diode in line with 0 on the positive terminal of the solar module and a fuse-bound current of 4830 in line with the negative terminal.Fig. It is 4830 in line with the positive end of the solar module, and another stream tied to a fuse is 4830 in line with the negative end. Figure 58d shows an example high-voltage DC roofed solar cell module 5 including a junction box 4840 designed as in Fig. 158) and fuses present ila junction box in line with the picture for the positive and negative terminals of the solar module. Now referring to Figs. 159-59b; as an alternative to the designs described above, the screen diodes and/or current-limiting fuses of each Sa DC high-voltage roofed solar cell modules are to be housed together in the 4860 combiner box. In such 0 Changes one or more individual descriptors may be played separately from each Bang with the combinator box.As shown in Figure 59a;in one option the single conductor of a group (eg, passively as shown) is shared between all units. In another option (Fig. 59b) all poles have their own individual conductors for each unit. However, Figs. 59-159 only show fuses contained in the 5 unified box 4860; any combination can exist of fuses and/or diodes needed in

Consolidated Fund. in addition to; shal-capable electronic parts can perform functions (cg AY) such as; For example; Point monitoring and tracking of capacity at maximum capacity and/or separation of individual units or groups of units in a unified box. Reverse tension operation from a solar module can be performed when one or more solar WAY screws in a solar module are shadowing or otherwise creating low current and the solar power is turned on at a voltage point that drives the maximum current through a low current solar cell Compared to the low current solar cell which is in circulation. The solar cell can be heated by reverse tension and the danger situation can be generated. In a parallel arrangement of the high-voltage DC roofed solar cell modules, as shown in Fig. 58a; For example; (Sa 0) that the units are provided for protection against reverse tension operations by setting the appropriate operating voltage with respect to the transformer. That case is shown, eg by Figs. 60-0b. Voltage and diagram 4880 of power versus parallel connected series voltage of about ten high-voltage 5©0 roofed solar modules. These diagrams are calculated for a unit that does not have any solar modules housed within a reverse tension solar cell. Solar modules connected electrically (deg towards “Olga”) each will have the same operating voltage and their respective currents are added. Typically, the inverter will vary the inverter on the circuit in order to detect the power voltage curve and determine the point at the limit maximum on the curve and then 0 is actuated for the unit circuit at the point sal the power of the output. 60 J for the case in which some of the solar modules are in a circuit and contain one or more reverse tension cells. the reverse screwed units show themselves in the curve for voltage current 5 by the shape of the knee with a transition from about 10 amps at a lower voltage to about 210 volts to

Approximately 16 amps when operating for voltages less than about 200 volts. And at a voltage J of about

0 volts, the shaded modules run on reverse screwed solar cells.

Reversely tensioned units show themselves in a power-voltage curve by having two

From the extremes: there is the image at its maximum at about 200 volts and the spot image at its maximum at about 240 volts. The adapter could have been designed

So that it hangs on those marks of the solar modules for the reverse tension and the actuation is completed at

Solar modules at a photovoltaic power point are at their spot or absolute maximum and which do not

It is when the reverse tensile capacity. In the example of Figure 60; The unit converter can be operated at point

Position capacity at its maximum to ensure that there is no reverse tension. In addition to or on

0 towards alternative; The operating voltage can be selected at its minimum Lad relative to the following transformer Lady which is not similar to any units that can be reverse tensioned. The operating voltage can be set to its minimum level depending on other variables such as ambient temperature, operating current, calculated or measured temperature, and information received from external sources such as radiation; For example.

5 in some embodiments; The DC high voltage solar modules themselves can be roofed with adjacent solar modules arranged in a partially superimposed manner and optionally electrically connected internally in their overlapping areas. These capped configurations can be used in relation to high voltage solar modules electrically connected in parallel which provide high DC voltage in combination with a series inverter or for high voltage solar modules which each include an inverter

0 minutes as it converts the solar module to a high voltage DC with a module output of AC. A pair of high-voltage solar modules shall be roofed as described and electrically connected as follows to provide the required DC voltage; For example. Conventional series transformers are often required to have a wide range of potential input voltages (or "dynamic range") because 1) they must be compatible with special string lengths

5 to the unit associated in a sequential and different form; 2) Some units in the series have a tangent

full or partial shade; and 3) changes in ambient temperature and change in radiation for unit voltages. In systems used in parallel design as described herein it is the length of the solar modules connected in parallel in series which does not affect the voltage. In addition, for the case that some of the units have been shaded and flashed, do not decide to operate the system at a voltage of the shaded units (for example, as described above). Thus in a range of transformer voltages in a parallel design system there can be no need to contain a dynamic range from Factor #3 - of temperature and change in radiation. Because this is less; For example; With about 730 of the traditional dynamic range required for transducers, transducers used with parallel design systems will be as described here (Sars of 0 have a narrower range than MPPT for example); Between about 250 V at standard conditions and at about 175 V at high temperature with low radiation or for example between about 450 V at standard conditions and about 350 V at high temperature and with low radiation (in which case it is 450 V from MPPT operation which corresponds to a VOC under 600 volts in operation at low temperature 5. In addition to the cell) and as described above, transformers can receive sufficient DC voltage to directly convert to phaseless AC the increase. As a result, series transformers are used with parallel design systems as described here that are simpler and cheaper to operate at higher efficiencies compared to series transformers used in conventional systems. For both micro inverters and series inverters used with high voltage direct current of 0 WAN solar modules described herein to avoid the DC surge requirement it is preferable to design the module solar (or in terms of a short series connected series of solar modules) and thus Provided operation (eg power point at maximum VMP) the voltage of DC is higher than the voltage at pin bit of AC for example; for 120V AC the peak to The peak is as follows: 170V = /1201 * (5001) 2. Thus 5 solar modules must be designed to provide 1/000 at its minimum of about 175V;

For example. 000 can be at its minimum condition around 212 V (assuming 70.35 negative voltage class factor and operating at a maximum of 75 m) and VTP at its minimum temperature operating condition (eg » -15 m) which can be about 242V so the VOC is less than about 300V (depending on the fill factor of the unit). For the overhaul phase 12 volts AC (or 240 volts AC) all of these numbers are double which is converted in the form of 600 volts DC which is allowed for a maximum era of 5 nos for more diverse applications. For commercial and demanding applications that allow for higher voltages the stated numbers can also be increased.A high voltage roofed solar cell module as described here can be designed to operate at > 0 VOC 600 or > 100 VOC in which case the module can be It includes integrated power electronics which prevent the voltage supplied by the power from surge blade requirements.This fixture can provide a 1/000 actuation that is sufficient for phase dissipation of 120 volts (240 volts require 350 volts) without problems of VOC At temperatures over 600 volts. When the two buildings are disconnected from the network (dlp), for example; By means of firefighting teams 5 Jo solar modules eg; on the roof) provide electricity to the building, which can continue to generate electricity as long as the sun is shining. This raises the particular concern that said solar modules can maintain a "live" roof with dangerous voltages after the building is disconnected from the grid. To accommodate this consideration high voltages directed at existing roofed solar cell modules described here may optionally include cut-offs; For example; In or out of a unit standardized box. Said outage can be a physical outage or a solid state outage; For example. The cut-out can be designed for example to “normal cut” when there is a loss of a particular signal (eg from the inverter) which is cut off from the solar module at a high voltage output from the circuit. Example: over a range of high voltage cables through a separate wire or in wireless form 5.

An important advantage of high-voltage rooftop solar modules is the diffusion of heat between the solar cells in a super-rolled cell. The applicants have discovered that heat can easily be transferred along a silicon supercell through thin thermally conductive electrical bonds between adjacent superimposed silicon solar cells. Measured perpendicularly to the front and back surfaces of the solar cells, the thickness of the conductive bond (Lilja) between adjacent superimposed solar cells formed by the conductive bond material (Sang) can be for example less than or equal to about 0 microns. or less than or equal to about 150 microns; or less than or equal to about 125 microns; or less than or equal to about 100 microns; or less than or equal to about 90 microns; or J of or equal to about 80 microns; or less than or equal to about 70 microns; less than or equal to 0 Mss 60 microns; or less than or equal to approximately 50 microns” or less than or equal to about 5 microns This thin connector reduces resistive losses at the interconnection between cells and also enhances the flow Heat along the supercell from any hot spot in the supercell that can increase during operation. The thermal conductivity of the solar WAY linker can be, for example, > about 1.5 W/(mK). In addition to the above, it can The rectangular aspect ratio 5 of the solar cells used here affords extended areas of thermal contact between adjacent solar cells. On the contrary ; In conventional solar modules, interconnections are used with ribbons between adjacent solar LIS (Allg) that generate heat in one of the solar cells that does not spread easily through the interconnection of the ribbons with respect to other solar cells in the unit. This does 0 conventional solar modules which are prone to developing hot spots compared to the solar modules described. in addition to; The supercell in the solar modules described here is typically lower than in the series of conventional solar cells because the solar cells described here are typically formed by rectangular roofed solar cells each having an effective area 5 less (J) way Example » 9/1) Ally is a conventional solar cell.

As a result, in the conventional solar modules disclosed here, there is less heat dissipated in a solar cell that is stretched backwards at an unknown voltage, and the heat can easily propagate through the supercell and solar module without creating a dangerous hotspot. Many additional optional features can have high voltage solar modules that use super cells as described here and that can be more durable Lad related to heat dissipation in a reverse tensioned solar cell. For example; The super cells can be encapsulated with a thermoplastic olefin (TPO) material. The TPO encapsulation is more stable in thermal and optical terms compared to EVA sheaths. EVA will grow with temperature and with Ultraviolet light which can lead to problems with 0 hotspots that are created by a current-limiting WIA. In addition, the solar modules will have a glass-to-glass Ally structure that will have an encapsulated super LIA that is sandwiched between the front sheet of glass and the back sheet of glass. This glass-to-glass structure provides a solar module that Safely operates at temperatures higher than those that can be tolerated by a conventional polymer backing foil.In addition, the 5 tie-down boxes if present are mounted on one or more of the solar module's flanges otherwise are behind the solar module as the The tie box can be added as an additional layer of thermal insulation over the solar cells in the above module.Thus the applicants know that the high voltage solar modules are formed from super cells as described here and can be used beyond special Lgl valves 0 by division compared to conventional solar modules because the thermal flux through the supercells can allow the module to operate without much danger with one or more reversely tensioned solar cells. Described above to be used less often with one discharge diode per 25 solar cells or less than one discharge diode per 30 solar cells; Less than one branching diode per 50 solar cell 5; Less than one short-distance diode for every 75 solar cells; Less than a branching diode

one for every 100 solar cells; only one branching diode; or with no branching diode. Referring now to Figures 61-161c; High voltage solar modules using branching diodes have been provided. When a part of the solar module is exposed to shade, the damage of the module (Kay) can be reduced or minimized through the use of branching diodes. For example, the module

Solar 4700 shown in Figure 5161 10 of the 100 supercells are connected in series. As shown, 10 of the ABW cells are arranged in parallel rows. Each supercell comprises 40 solar cells connected in series (10) each of the 40 solar cells being designed from 1/6 of the width to the imaginary width as described here.

0 normal processes that have no tangent, the current flows in the form of junction box 4716 through each of the supercells 100 are successively tied through the links 4715 and this is the current flows through the junction box 4717. Use it in place of the 4716 and 4717 separate splice boxes so that the current returns to the splice box. The example shown in Figure 161 shows implementations with a branch diode one on

5 at least per solar cell. As shown, a branching diode (ada) is electrically coupled between a pair of adjacent supercells at a point approximately half the distance along the supercells (eg Jal 4901 1 single branching diode) electrically coupled between the 22nd solar cell the first supercell and adjacent solar cell in a second supercell; secondary branching valve 4901b electrically connected between the second supercell and the supercell

0 rd etc.). The first and last strings of cells have approximately half the number of solar cells in a supercell per branching SU. For example, as shown in Figure 161, the first and second strings of cells have only 22 cells per branching diode The total number of branching diodes (11) is for changes in the solar module of the voltage shown in Figure 161, which is equal to the number of

5 supercells plus 1 additional vacuum diode.

Each branching diode can be combined into a flexible circuit; For example. Referring now to Figure 1b: ; A magnified view of a connected region of a branching diode of two adjacent supercells is shown. The view in Figure 61b is from the not so bright side. according to the description. Two of the 10 solar cells in adjacent supercells are electrically connected using a 4718 flexible circuit

It includes the bus diode 4720. Flexible circuit 4718 The bus diode 4720 is electrically connected to the solar cell 10 using the contact pads 4719 which are located on the back surfaces of the solar cells. (See also further discussion of the use of concealed contact gaskets to provide a concealed socket for branching diodes.) (Ka) Employing additional branching diode electrical connection schemes to reduce the number of solar cells per branching diode.

An example is shown in Figure 61c. according to the description. A single branching diode (lilies) is connected between each pair of adjacent supercells approximately halfway along the supercells. The branching diode 14901 is electrically connected between adjacent solar cells in the first and second supercells; The branching diode 4901b is electrically connected between adjacent solar cells in the second and third super LAYs. A branching diode 4901g is electrically connected between the cells

5 solar panels adjacent to the third and fourth supercells; And so on. A second set of branching diodes can be included to lower the number of solar cells to be switched in the partial shade condition. For example (Jad) the branching diode 14902 is electrically connected between the first and second supercells at an intermediate point between the branching diodes 14901 and 4901b; A branching diode 4902b is electrically connected between the second and third supercells at an intermediate point between

0 bisect diodes 4901b 5 4901) and so on; reduces the number of cells per bisect diode. Optionally, another set of bisect diodes may also be electrically connected to further reduce the number of solar cells to be switched in the partial shade condition. Diode 3 is Lib gS is connected between the first and second super cells at an intermediate point between branching diodes 14902 and 4901b; branching diode 4903b is electrically connected between cells

5 Second and third superlatives at an intermediate point between the branching diodes 4902b and 4901c: further reduces the number of cells per branching AE. This configuration results in a nested configuration of

branching diodes; Which allows turning of small groups of cells during partial shade. Additional diodes may be electrically connected in this way until the number of solar cells required for each branching diode is reached; for example » about 8; about 6 about 4; Or about 2 per branch diode. in some of the units; Approximately 4 solar cells per branching diode are preferred. as orderd; One or more branching diodes are shown in Fig. 61c and can be combined into the discreet flexible interconnection as shown in Fig. 61b. This specification discloses the solar cell splitting tools and solar cell splitting methods that can be used; For example; To separate conventionally sized square or pseudo-square solar cells into an array of narrow rectangular or more or less rectangular solar cells. shed tools

hy 0 This incision is a vacuum pressure between the bottom surfaces of the conventional sized solar cells and an arched support surface to bend the conventional sized solar cells against the arched support surface and then slit the solar cells along the previously prepared graph lines. The advantage of these notching tools and slitting methods is that they do not require physical contact with the top surfaces of the solar cells. Accordingly, slitting tools and methods can be employed in slitting solar cells that include soft materials and/or other materials

5 Ripe on their upper surfaces which may be damaged by physical contact. additionally; In some contrasts, the slitting tools and slitting methods mentioned may require contact with only parts of the bottom surfaces of the solar cells. In the aforementioned variations, notching tools and notching methods can be employed to slit the solar LAY that includes soft and/or immature materials in the shale of its non-contact bottom surfaces by means of a slitting tool.

0 for example (JE) One method of fabricating a solar cell takes advantage of the slotting tools and slitting methods disclosed in the present application that involve laser duplicating one or more graph lines on each of one or more conventionally sized solar cells from silicon to delineate a set of rectangular areas on the silicon solar WAN; and apply Bale to attach an electrically conductive adhesive to portions of the top surfaces of one or more of the solar cells from

5 silicon; and the application of vacuum pressure between the lower surfaces of one or more solar WAYs

Silicon and an arched support surface To bend one or more silicon solar cells against an arched support surface and then slit one or more silicon solar cells along the graph lines to provide an array of rectangular silicon solar cells each comprising a portion of an applied electrically conductive adhesive On its front surface next to a long side. The binder of the conductive adhesive may be applied to silicon solar cells of the same size

Conventional either before or after laser copying solar cells. The resulting array of rectangular silicon solar cells may be arranged in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells superimposed in a capped manner with a portion of electrically conductive adhesive bonding sandwiched between them. sale can ripen the binding

0 is then electrically connected to the adjacent superimposed rectangular silicon solar cell bands to each other and electrically connected in series. This process forms a roofed “super cell” as described in the patent applications previously included in “Cross Reference To Related Applications” Returning now to the figures for a better understanding of the splitting tools and methods disclosed here

5 Figure 120 schematically shows a Gals projection of an analog 1050 that can be used for a scratched WIA solar split. In this lead) an appropriately sized scratched solar cell wafer 45 is carried by a prospective movable belt 1060 on an arched eh of cad discharge 1070. As the solar cell wafer 45 passes the arched portion of the vacuum manifold ¢ the discharge that is applied Through the holes in the belt by pulling the bottom surface of the solar cell wafer 45 against nin

0 discharge and thus bends the solar cell. The bending radius of all R can be chosen from the vacuum manifold so that bending the solar cell wafer 45 in this way bisects the solar cell along the copy lines to form rectangular solar cells 10. Rectangular solar cells 10 can for example be used in a supercell as explained in Figures 1 and 2. The solar cell wafer 45 can be bisected in this way without

Contacting the top surface of the solar cell wafer 45 on which the conductive adhesive binder has been applied

on her.

The cleavage may preferentially be initiated at one end of a copy line (i.e., at one edge of a line).

solar cell 45) for example by arranging the copy lines so that they point at an angle of 0 to the discharge manifold so that one end of each copy line reaches the arched part of the discharge manifold before the other end.

As shown in Figure 20b; For example solar cells can be directed with transcription lines

It is an arched section of the manifold directed perpendicular to the direction of the belt, eda (ly).

Belt running. For example, “AT.” Figure 20c shows vector cells with their transcription lines

Gages on the direction of belt travel” and an arched section of the manifold angled towards the direction of travel

0 belt. The slitting machine 1050 can use for example a single perforated movable Wha 1060 having a width perpendicular to its direction of travel approximately equal to the width of the solar cell wafer 45. Alternatively; A 1050 can include two or three; or four; or more 1060 movable perforated belts Gis can be arranged side by side in parallel and optionally spaced

5 apart Sie The AY 1050 tranche can use a single discharge manifold which can eg have a width perpendicular to the solar cell travel direction that is equal Gis to the width of a solar cell wafer 45. Cais discharge can be used mentioned for example with a single perforated and movable full width 1060 belt or with two belts or ST arranged side by side in parallel and optionally spaced apart eg.

20 A split tool 1050 may comprise two or more manifolds arranged side by side in parallel and spaced apart” with each discharging manifold having the same degree of curvature. Said arranged configuration may be employed for example with a single full-width perforated movable belt 0 or with two or more said belts arranged side by side in parallel and spaced apart. For example, the tool may include a 1060 movable auger belt

5 for each vacuum manifold. in the last ordinal body; Discharge manifolds and perforated belts can be arranged

Its corresponding movable contacts the bottom of the solar cell wafer only along two narrow bands defined by the width of the belts. In the cases mentioned, the solar cell can include soft materials in the area of the bottom surface of the solar cell wafer that is not touched by the crunch without the risk of damage to the soft materials during the splitting process.

Any suitable arrangement of moving auger belts and discharge manifolds may be used in the splitter 1050. In some variants; A scratched solar cell wafer may include a non-dalla conductive adhesive bonding material and/or other smooth material on its top and/or bottom surfaces prior to slicing with the 1050 splitting tool. Burning of the solar cell wafer may have occurred

0 and put the soft stuff in any order. Fig. 162 schematically shows a profile; Figure 62b shows an overhead projection or other representative splitter 5210 similar to the 1050 splitter described above. When using the split cell 5210, a scratched solar cell wafer of suitable size 45 is placed on a pair of parallel and spaced perforated 0 belts moving at a constant speed on a pair of discharge manifolds 5235

5 Parallel and divergent correspondence. The 5235 vacuum manifolds typically include the same bend. When the wafer travels with belts on the discharge manifolds through the “C5235” slit region, the wafer is wrapped around a slit radius defined by the curved bearing surfaces of the discharge manifolds by the discharge pulling force on the wafer bottom. When the foil is wrapped around the radius of the cut, the copying lines turn into cracks that separate the foil from the surface

0 individual rectangular solar cells. This will be described further below; The discharge manifolds are bent so that the RJSCs are not coplanar and the edges of the RJSCs are not in series contact with each other after splitting. The perforated belts can be unloaded by any suitable method; Several examples of which are described below. get up

The unloading method is also typically done by separating adjacent split rectangular solar cells from each other to prevent contact between them if they are in series coplanar mode. Referring also to Figures 62-162b; Each adit can include, for example, a flat region that provides low or high discharge or no branching (Boys) and an optional curved transition region 5 5235p that provides low or high branching or no branching or a transition from low discharge to high discharge along In length; slash zone 05235 providing high boys and vertical slash zone with a narrower diameter 5235 PC providing Goji low The 5230 belts convey wafers 5 from flat zone F5235 to and through transition zone 5235p and thereafter to the busher zone “C5235 where the wafers split; this is the transfer of the resulting 10 0 split solar cells out of the C5235 cleft region and into an area after the 5235 cleavage PC The flat region F5235 typically operates at a discharge low enough to constrain the 45 wafers to the belts and discharge manifolds The offset here can be reduced (or non-existent) to reduce friction and thus the tension required for the belt, and because it is easier to constrain the shim 45 to a flat surface than to curved surfaces. The offset in the flat area of F5235 for example is about 1 to about 5 6 in Zg.Transition Region T5235 Provides a transition curvature from flat region 15235 to bisected region C5235. Curvature radius or curvature radii; In transitional region 15235 it is greater than the radius of curvature in bisected region 05235. The curve in transitional region 5 can be part of a Sie ellipse but any AT curve can be used. Transition region T5235 with slight change in curvature” You transition from a flat orientation in region F5235 to the radius of a sliver in region 05235; Helps ensure that the edges of the wafers 5 do not rise up and disrupt the offset which can make it difficult to constrain the wafers to the bevel radius in the bevel region 05235. The offset in the transition zone 5235 T can be for example the same as the offset in the 5 bevel zone “C5235” or intermediate between area dump F5235 and area dump 05235; or

Transitional along the length of T5235 between the discharge in region 25235 and the discharge in region 5. The discharge in transition region T5235 could be eg about 2 to about 8 inches hg. The incision area ©5235 can include a variable radius of curvature; or optionally; Fixed radius of curvature. Fixed radius of bend Sie can be about 11.5 inches; or about 5 inches or between about 6 inches and about 18 inches. Any suitable range of bending can be used” and can be selected based on the wafer density 45 and the depth and shape of the coping lines in the wafer 5. Typically the thinner the wafer the shorter the radius of curvature required to bend the wafer sufficiently to slit it along a coping line. The depth of Nie copy lines can range from about 0 60 µm to about 140 µm; Although any suitable line depth of copy that is shallower or more aggressive can also be used. Typically, the shallower the copies, the shorter the radius of curvature required to bend the wafer sufficiently to slit along a line of copy. The cross sectional shape of the copy line Load affects the required bending radius. A spline that is wedge-shaped or has a wedge-shaped bottom can concentrate stress more effectively than a spline that is round in shape or has a rounded bottom. Backup lines that focus stress more effectively may not need as tight a bend radius in the bisecting region as compared to backlines that focus stress less effectively. Unloading in Al Shatr 5235 ©; for one on BY) of the vacuum manifolds; It is modularized higher than in other areas to ensure that the wafer is properly constricted to a 0-slash bending radius to maintain a constant flexural stress. voluntarily »; As will be explained further below; In this area one forked manifold can provide higher branching than the other in order to better control cracking along the transcription lines. The discharge in section 05235 could be eg about 4 to about 15 in hg, or about 4 to about 26 in hg. The post-slice 5235 PC region typically has a narrower radius of curvature than the 5" C5235 segment region. This facilitates transport of the 5230 split-belt solar cells without allowing

For fractured surfaces of adjacent cleaved solar cells by friction or touch (which can cause solar cell failures from cracks or other failure modes). ald dag The narrower radius of curvature provides a large yad between the edges of adjacent solar cells dotted on the belts. The discharge in the post split region 5235 PC can be lower (eg similar or be the same as the discharge of the flat region 5235) because the 45 wafers have already been bisected into 10 solar cells so it is no longer necessary to restrict the solar cells to the curved radius for discharge manifolds. The edges of the split solar cells 10 can rise from the belts 5230 Sie Lia It may be desirable not to overstress the split solar cells 10. The flat, transition, split regions and after split regions of the discharge manifolds 0 can be separate parts of different curves with matching limbs. For example; The upper surface of each manifold may include a plane flat section; and part of a transitional region ellipse” an arc of a circle for the bisected region and alternatively another arc or part of a post-hall ellipse; Some or all of the curved portions of the upper surface of a manifold may include a continuous geometric function of increasing curvature (the diameter of the adjacent circle decreases). The appropriate functions 5 mentioned (Ka) can include but not be limited to cle jie states, for example, sail functions and the natural logarithm function. A legitimate function is a curve in which the curvature increases linearly along the length of the curve path. For example, Jad) in some changing pictures; All transition regions, bifurcation regions, and post bifurcation regions are part of a single sail curve having one end corresponding to the flat region. In some images (AY) the transition region is a sail curve with 0 end proportional to the flat region and another end proportional to the bisected region having circular curvature. in the last changing pictures; The post-sie region can include a circular curvature with a radius (Gaal) or a sail curvature with a narrower radius. As noted above eg as shown in Figure 52b and Figure 663; in some variable forms a single manifold candid provides Ulle branching in the 05235 segment region and the other manifold providing a low 5 branching in the 05235 segment region.

holds it to the curvature of the bisect; which provides sufficient stress at the end of the copy line that extends above the ead manifold along the length of the copy line. A low-discharge edd does not fully constrain the tip of the wafer it carries to the bend of the manifold; So the flexural radius of the wafer on that side is not sufficient to create the stress needed to initiate a kerf in the spline. However; The stress is high enough to extend the notch that started at the other end of the cleft line covering the forked line

high vacuum. Without some vacuum on the "low-vacuum" side to partially and sufficiently constrain that end of the wafer to the curvature of the manifold, there is a risk that the notch that appeared on the opposite "high-vacuum" end of the wafer will not extend all the way through the wafer. In the variant described 155 a single forked candid can provide reduced branching along the entire length

0 his; From flat region F5235 through post-segment region 5235 PC as described for buckling, an asymmetric discharge profile in segment region 05235 provides an asymmetric stress along the splines that controls the nucleation and expansion of cracks along the splines. Referring to the example in Figure 63b; In the case of Yau, however, the two vacuum manifolds provided equal (high) Sie branching in the “C5235” bisected regions, cracks may nucleate at both ends of the wafer;

5 are extended towards each other” and meet somewhere in the middle of the wafer. Under this cag hall there are risks related to the cracks not being aligned with each other and thus producing a potential mechanical failure point in the split cells produced at the junction of the cracks. dias of the asymmetric discharge profile described above; Or in addition to it, fission can be initiated differentially at the first end of a transcription line by priming the first end of the transcription line to reach a region

0 The manifold is bisected before the other end. This can be accomplished for example by orienting the solar cell wafers at an angle to the discharge manifolds as described above for Fig. 20b. Instead of that; The discharge manifolds can be arranged so that the splitting area of one of the manifolds is more extended along the belt path than the splitting area of the other discharge manifold. For example, two discharge manifolds of the same angle may be slightly outward

In the direction of the conveyor belt so that the solar cell wafers reach the split area of one manifold before they reach the split area of the other discharge manifold. Referring now to Figure 64; In the example shown, each candid 5235 has through-holes 0 arranged in a row below the center of the 5245 discharge channel. As shown in Figures 65-165

The discharge duct 5245 recesses into an upper surface of the manifold that holds the Gite Wha 5230. Each manifold lad includes center columns 5250 placed between the interstitial holes 5240 ing arranged in a row below the center of the discharge channel 5245. The 5250 center columns effectively perform By separating the discharge channel 5245 into two parallel discharge channels on either side of the central row of columns. The 5250 center columns also serve as carriers for the 5230 belt; without the center columns 5250; Will be

0 Belt 5230 is exposed to a longer unloaded area and is likely to slump toward the interstitial holes 0. This may result in 3D flexing die of wafer 45 (flexion with slash radius and perpendicular to slash radius); This can damage solar cells and interfere with the splitting process. As shown in Figures 65-165 and Figures 67-66; In the example shown, the interstitial holes 5240 are connected to a low vacuum chamber 5260A (flat area F5235) and transitional area 5235A

5 in Fig. 162(” with a high vacuum chamber 5260 H (segment area 05235 in Fig. 162) and another low vacuum chamber 5260 L (post-segment area 5235 PC in Fig. 162) This arrangement provides a seamless Vial between the low vacuum zones and the high discharge in the discharge channel 5245. The interstitial holes 5240 provide sufficient flow resistance so that if the area to which a hole corresponds is left fully open, the airflow will not deviate completely into that hole, allowing areas

0 other maintain dump. The discharge channel 5245 helps to ensure that the holes of the discharge belt 5 will always have a Gly discharge that is in a dead zone when placed between the interstitial holes 5240. Referring again to Figures 065-165 and also to Figure 67’ the perforated belts 5230 may include Sie has two rows of 5255 eyelets optionally arranged so that the rims

5 front and rear 527 of wafer 45 or split solar cell 10 always under discharge when advancing

The belt is along the manifold. In particular » the successive arrangement of holes 5255 in the example described ensures that the edges of a wafer 45 or a split solar cell 10 are permanently interlocked at at least one hole 5255 in each belt 5230; This helps prevent the edges of a wafer 45 or a split solar cell 10 from being lifted off the belt 5230 candidly 5235. Any suitable AT-hole arrangement may also be used 5255. In some variants; The order of the holes is 5255 not guaranteed to be

Wafer rims 45 or split solar cell 10 are always under discharge. The moving perforated belts 5230 in the example shown of the splitting tool 5210 contact the bottom of the solar cell wafer 45 only along two narrow strips delimited by the width of the belts along the lateral edges of the solar cell wafer. Depending on oN, the solar cell wafer can include soft materials

0 such as uncured adhesives on the bottom surface area of the non-contact solar cell wafer 5230 without the risk of damage to soft materials during the splitting process. in alternate variants; The splitter 5210 may for example use a single movable perforated belt 5230 having a width perpendicular to its direction of travel equal to the width of the solar cell wafer 45; instead of two movable perforated belts as just described. Alternatively, it can

5 The 5210 chamfer tool includes two or three; or four; or more movable perforated belts 0 which can be arranged side by side in parallel and optionally spaced apart. Laid AY 5210 can use a single manifold 5235 which (Sar) has he width perpendicular to the solar cell travel direction which is approximately equal to the width of a solar cell wafer 45. Said manifold can be used for example with a perforated single belt Full width animation

0 5230 or with two or more belts arranged side by side in parallel and optionally spaced apart. The plunger 5210 may for example comprise a single perforated and movable belt 5230 carried along opposite side edges by two curved manifold discharge ads (ads) 5235 arranged side by side in parallel and spaced apart; each adie having the same curvature. Splitting Tool 5210 on three or more 5235 Vacuum Manifolds arranged side by side

5 side parallel and spaced apart; where each manifold has the same curvature. maybe

Use of said arrangement for example with a single full width perforated moving belt 5230 or with three or more such belts arranged side by side and optionally spaced apart. The splitter could include an alia 5230 movable auger per anit for example. Any suitable arrangement of movable auger belts and discharge manifolds may be used in the splitter

5210. As noted ode in some variable images; Hill SAL 5210 Sliced Scratched Solar Cell Wafers 5 may include an uncured conductive adhesive binder and/or other smooth materials on their top and/or bottom surfaces prior to splitting. The solar cell wafer could have been ripped and the soft material placed in any order.

0 Perforated belts 5230 in split tool 5210 (and perforated belts 1060 in split tool 1050) can transport solar cell wafers 45 at a speed ranging from, for example, about 40 mm/s (fake) to about 2000 mm/s or more ¢ or about 40 fala to about 500 mm/s or more or about 80 mm/s or more.Solar cell wafer 45 fission can be more easily at high speeds than at low speeds.

5 Referring now to Fig. 68; Once bisected there will be some separation between the anterior and posterior edges 527 of the adjacent bisected cells 10 due to the geometry of the curvature; which creates a wedge-shaped gap between adjacent split solar cells. If the diffused cells are allowed to return to a coplanar flat orientation below Vol the separation between the diffused cells is increased; There is a possibility that the edges of adjacent cleavage cells could touch and damage each other. Therefore

0 It is characteristic to remove split cells from belts 5230 (or belts 1060) while they are still carried by a curved surface. Figures 169-69 schematically illustrate several devices and methods by which split solar cells can be removed from belts 5230 (or belts 1060) and transferred to one or more additional moving belts or moving surfaces with increased separation between the split solar cells.

In the example of Fig. 69); Split-belt 10 solar cells are collected from the 5230 by one or more of the 5265 conveyor belts which move faster than the 5230 conveyor belts and thus increase the separation between the split-belt 10 0 solar cells in the example of Figure 69b; The split wafers 10 are separated by causing a slide to slide 5270 placed between the two belts 5230. In this (Jl) the belts 5230 push each split cell into a low vacuum (eg no vacuum) region of clad 5235 to release the split cell to the slide 5270; Lay belts 5230 still hold the unsplitted portion of the wafer 45. Providing an air cushion between the split cell 10 and slide 5270 helps ensure that both the cell and slide 5270 are not abraded during operation.” Wal allows split cells 10 to slide faster and away from

0 chip 45 thus allowing for faster belt slitting operating speeds. In the example of Fig. 69c; The naked T5275 in the form of a rotating "Ferris wheel" 5275 transports the fissile solar cells 10 from belts 5230 to one or more belts 5280. In example Figure 369 the rotating cylinder 5285 applies a vacuum through causal 15285 to capture the fissile solar cells 10 From belts 5230 and put them on belts 5280.

5 In the example of Figure 69e; The dpe 5290 driver includes the due 15290 and the bare-mounted retractable and retractable driver 5290b. Trolley 5290 moves forward and backward to position operator 5290b in a position to remove the split solar cell 10 from belts 5230 and then position operator 5290b in a position to place the split solar cell on belts 5280.

0 in the example of Figure 69 and; The lattice track assembly 5295 includes the lattice 15295 attached to a moving belt 0 which moves the lattice 15295 to a position that allows it to remove the split solar cells 10 from the belts 5230 and then moves the lattice 15295 to a position that allows it to place the split solar cells 10 on the belts 5280; The latter occurs when the lugs fall off or pull away from the belt 5280 due to the trajectory of the belt 5230.

In the example of Fig. 69g; AIS reflex discharge 5305 applies pressure through one or more perforated moving belts to move the split solar cells 10 from belts 5230 to belts 5280. Figures 170-270 provide vertical projections of an additional variable image from the exemplary device described above by referring to Figures 62- 162 and later figures. This image variable 5310 is used

5265 Transmission Belts; As in the example in J69 Jal to remove the split solar cells 10 from the perforated belts 5230 that transport the unscrewed wafer 45 to the splitting region of the tool. The perspectives of Figures 71-171b show this changing image of the splitter at two different stages of operation. In Figure 71, an undoped wafer approaches the cleavage region of

0 tool; In Fig. 71b the Jax of the wafer 45 is the cleft region and the two split solar cells 10 have been detached from the wafer and then separated by Load from each other when transported by conveyor belts 5265. In addition to the features described (ails Figs. 71-170b show ports Multiple 5315 dumps on each manifold Using multiple ports per manifold can allow greater control over dump diversity on

5_ The extension of the upper surface of the manifold. For example, different vacuum ports 5315 can optionally connect to different vacuum chambers (5260-Jie or 5260H in Fig. 66 and Fig. 72b); and/or optionally connected to different vacuum pumps to provide different vacuum pressures along the manifold. Figures 70-170b also show complete tracks for perforated belts 5230 that wrap around wheels 5325; And the upper surfaces of the discharge manifolds 5235 and the wheels 5320. Can run

0 belts 5230 either by wheels 5320 or wheels 5325 eg. Figures 72 and 72b show perspectives of its portion of discharge manifold 5235 extended by sy from belt ie 5230 with respect to the variable image in Figures 70-170b; where J 172 gives a approximate projection of a part from Fig. 72b. Figure 73 shows an upper end view of a vacuum manifold 5235 over which a perforated belt 5230 extends and Figure 73b shows a cross-sectional view

For the same configuration of the discharge manifold and the perforated belt taken along the line C=C indicated in the figure

3. As shown in Figure 73b; The relative directions of the interstitial holes 5240 can be varied along the length of the discharge manifold so that each interstitial hole is arranged perpendicular to the upper surface of the manifold directly above the interstitial hole. Fig. 174 shows another top view of part of vacuum manifold 5235 over which iia belt 5230 is stretched; Vacuum chambers 5260L and 5260H are displayed in transparent projections. Figure 74b presents a close-up of a section of Figure 74. Figures 75-175g show several representative perforation patterns that can optionally be used for perforated discharge belts 5230. The common feature of these patterns is that the straight edge of a wafer 45 or of a fissile solar cell 10 trans-pattern perpendicular to the axis The length of the belt at any belt position will always overlap with at least one 5255 hole in each belt. Patterns 0 may include for example two or more rows of successive square or rectangular perforations (Figs. 75a; S75) or two or more successive rows of circular (Figs. 75b75e; 75g); or two or more angled notches ( Fig. 75c (STS or other suitable aperture configuration. This description reveals high-efficiency solar modules comprising silicon solar cells arranged in a staggered, superimposed fashion and electrically connected in series by means of conductive bonds between adjacent 5 solar cells interlocked to form Cun cells ( Bl Supercells are physically connected in parallel rows in a solar module A supercell can include any suitable number of solar cells Supercells can have lengths that necessarily span the entire length or width of the solar module Eg a supercell can be arranged Two or more end-to-end supercells in a row; this arrangement masks the electrical interferences between 1 to 0 solar cells; therefore it can be used to create a visually attractive solar module that has little or no contrast between adjacent series-connected solar cells . This description also reveals patterns of metallization of the cells that facilitate stenciling of the metallization on the front (and optionally) back surfaces of the solar cells. As used here, "stenciling" for cell metallization refers to the application of a metallic sabe (such as silver paste) to the surface of a 5V solar cell through molded holes in another impermeable sheet of material. stencil can be

For example, a molded sheet of stainless steel. The molded holes in the stencil are completely free of stencil material; It does not include, for example, any grid or strainer. The absence of a mesh or screen material in the molded stencil apertures distinguishes 'stenciling' as used here from 'porous printing. The mold includes holes in the material

The impermeable layer through which the metallization material is applied to the solar cell. The carrier strainer extends through the holes in the impermeable material. Compared to screen printing; Stenciling of cell metallization patterns offers several advantages including Gaal line width values greater aspect ratio (ratio of line height to width); Better smoothing and definition

0 for error and greater stencil length compared to a stencil. However; However, stencil printing cannot print "islands" in a single pass as is required in traditional three-way metallization busbar designs. Also, stencil printing cannot print in a single pass. Pattern metallization requires that the stencil include non-portable structures that are unconstrained to lie in the plane of the stencil during printing and may interfere with placement and use of the stencil. For example; Stencil printing is not possible

5 one-pass printing a metallization pattern in which the metal fingers arranged in parallel are interconnected by a connecting rod or a metal feature (AT) running perpendicular to the fingers, since a single stencil of this design will include tabs of unloaded laminated material defined by the hole for the rod Connection and holes for fingers.The tabs will not be constrained by physical connections to another shal of the stencil until they lie in the plane of the stencil during printing and are likely to be displaced out

0 level and deformation of the position and use of the stencil. Thus, attempts at using stenciling to print conventional solar cells require two passes of front-side metallization using two different stenciling techniques; or using a stencil printing step in combination with a screen printing step; Increases the total number of print steps per cell Ally creates a "snagging" issue where two prints overlap and result in a higher

Double. Packaging is complicated by additional operations, additional printing, and additional steps add to the cost. Therefore, stencil printing is not common for solar cells. As described below in detail; The frontal metal patterns described herein can include any array of fingers (eg (Jal) parallel lines) that are not connected to each other by the frontal metal pattern. These patterns can be stenciled in a single pass using a single stencil because the required stencil does not include unsupported parts or structures (eg, tabs). These front surface metallization patterns can be indistinguishable for standard size solar cells and for solar cell chains in which spaced solar cells are interconnected by copper strips; Because the metallization pattern itself does not provide 0 base current propagation or electrical conductivity perpendicular to the fingers. However; The front surface metallization patterns described herein can work well in roofed rectangular solar cell installations as described herein in which the gia of the front surface metallization pattern of a solar cell is overlapped and conductively connected to the rear surface metallization pattern of a cell adjacent parasol. This is because metallization of the overlapping rear surface of the adjacent solar cell can provide 5 current propagation and electrical conductivity perpendicular to the fingers in the front surface metallization pattern. Referring to the figures to understand in more detail the solar modules described in this specification; Figure 1 shows a cross-section view of a series of 10 series-connected solar cells arranged in a capstone fashion with adjacent solar cell tips superimposed and electrically connected to form a supercell 100. Each solar cell 10 includes a semiconductor diode structure and electrical contacts with a semiconductor SU structure. An Ally conductor by which the electric current generated in a solar cell 10 when illuminated by a light can be supplied to an external load.In the examples described in this specification, each solar cell 10 is a rectangular silicon solar cell having front surface metallization patterns (sun side) and rear surface (shaded side) provide electrical contact with opposite sides of the 0-0 joint; metallization pattern 5 front surface is applied to a semiconductor layer having oN conductivity and surface metallization pattern is applied

The back has a semiconducting layer that has a type 0 conductivity. However; Any material systems can be used; diode structures; physical dimensions or other electrical contact equipment if appropriate. For example; The front surface metallization pattern (sun side) can be placed on a semiconductor layer having a conductivity of type oP and a back surface metallization pattern (shaded side) can be placed on a semiconducting layer having a conductivity of type oP. Referring again to Fig. 1 In a supercell 100, 10 adjacent solar cells are conductively bonded directly to each other in the region where they overlap by means of an electrically conductive binder that electrically connects the metallization pattern of the front surface of one solar cell to the metallization pattern of the rear surface of an adjacent solar cell. Suitable electrically conductive binders may include 0; For example; electrically conductive adhesives, conductive adhesive films (Liles) and adhesive tapes; and traditional tin solders. Referring again to Figure 2; Figure 2 shows a typical rectangular solar module 200 comprising six rectangular supercells 100 (each of a length approximately equal to the length of the long sides of the module. The supercells are arranged in six parallel rows with their long sides oriented 5 parallel to the long sides of the module A similarly configured solar module may have more or fewer of the said rows of supercells of side length than shown in this example.In other variations each supercell may have a length approximately equal to the length of a short side of a rectangular solar module; (Sarg) To be rows arranged in parallel with its long sides oriented parallel to the short sides of the unit. In other equipment as well 0 may include each row of two or more supercells. Ty can be connected electrically in series at For example, the modules can have short sides of length eg from about 1 m and long sides of length eg from about 1.5 to about 2.0 m Any other suitable shapes can also be used (eg (Jaa awful) and the dimensions of the solar modules too. Each supercell in this example comprises 72 rectangular solar cells each of which is approximately 1/6 the width of a 156 millimeter (mm) square or square pseudo-foil

The length ranges from about 156 mm. Any other suitable number of rectangular solar cells of any other suitable dimensions may also be used. Figure 76 shows an example of a front surface metallization pattern on a rectangular solar cell 10 facilitating stencil printing as described above. front surface metallization pattern can be machined;

oJ) of silver paste. In the example of Fig. 76 the metallization pattern of the front surface includes a set of 6015 fingers running parallel to each other and parallel to the short sides of the solar cell; and perpendicular to the long sides of the solar cell. The front surface metallization pattern also includes a row of optional 6020 contact gaskets that run parallel to and adjacent to the edge of the long side of the solar cell; So that each gasket touches 6020 at one end

0 finger 6015. Wherever located; Each 6020 contact gasket forms an area for an individual bead of conductive adhesive (ECA) Lil je solder tin” or other electrically conductive binder used to conductively bond the front surface of the shown solar cell to an overlapping portion of the rear surface of an adjacent solar cell. Gaskets can have round shapes; terrible; or rectangular for example; However, any suitable gasket shape may be used. As an alternative to using beads

5 Individual electrically conductive bonding material A continuous strip or dashed line of conductive tin solder (ECA) or other electrically conductive bond placed along the edge of the long side of the solar cell can interconnect some or all of the fingers as well for bonding the solar cell to overlap the adjacent solar cell.The said discontinuous or continuous line of electrically conductive binder may be used in combination with conductive gaskets at the fingertips, or without such

0 conductive gaskets. The solar cell can have 10; For example, the length varies from about 156 mm by the width of about 26 can, so the aspect ratio (length of the short side / length of the long side) ranges from about 6:1. These six solar cells can be prepared on a silicon wafer with a standard dimension of 6 mm X 156 mm; And then it is separated (divided) to provide solar cells according to what is

5 illustrated. in other variations; (Ka) Prepare eight WIA 10 solar panels having dimensions ranging from approx

cae 156 mm X so the aspect ratio is about 1:8 of a standard silicon wafer. more generally; Solar cells can have 10 aspect ratios; For example; It is about 1:2 to about 1:20 and can be prepared from wafers of standard size or from wafers of any other suitable dimension.

5 Referring again to Figure 76; The metallization pattern of the front surface may include; for example » about 60 to about 120 fingers per 156 mm of cell width; For example about 90 fingers. 6015 fingers can have width values for example Jaa from about 10 to about 90 microns; For example about 30 microns. The 6015 fingers can have elevations perpendicular to the solar cell surface of, for example, about 10 to about 50.

0 micron. finger heights can be; For example; about 10 microns or more; about 20 microns or “ST” about 30 microns or more; about 40 microns or more; or about 0 microns or more. 6020 gaskets can have diameters (circles) or side lengths (quares or rectangles) of ; For example; about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm; For example about 0.5 mm.

The metallization pattern of the rear surface of a rectangular solar cell (10) may include, for example, a row of distinct contact pads; a row of interconnected contact pads; or a continuous busbar running parallel to and adjacent to the edge of the long side of the solar cell. However, the pads are not Said contact or busbar required If the front surface metallization pattern includes contact gaskets 6020 arranged along the edge of one of the long sides of the solar cell;

0 A row of contact gaskets or a connecting rod (an) in the back-surface metallization pattern is then arranged along the edge of the other long side of the solar cell. The back-surface metallization pattern may also include a back-surface metallized contact that largely covers all of the back surface Remaining Solar Cell Example includes a back surface metallization pattern of Figure 177 on a row of distinct contact gaskets 6025 in combination with a metallic back surface contact 6030 as

just described it; A typical back surface metallization pattern of Fig. 77b comprises a continuous connecting rod 35 in combination with a metallic back surface contact 6030 as just described. In a super-roofed cell the metallization pattern of the front surface of the solar cell is conductively related to the interference eda of the metallization pattern of the back surface of an adjacent solar cell. (eg Jal) If the solar cells have metallization of front surface contact gaskets 6020, each contact gasket 6020 can be aligned with and bonded to a corresponding back surface metallized contact gasket 5 (if present); or aligned with and bonded to a metallized busbar back surface 35 (if present); or bonded to a metallic back surface contact 6030 (if present) on the adjacent solar cell.This can be achieved eg so that the undistinguished portions (eg Ae; beads) of the conductive bond 0 material electrically placed on each 6020 contact gasket; or with a broken or continuous line of electrically conductive binder running parallel to the edge of the solar cell and optionally electrically interconnect two or SST two 6020 contact gaskets. If the solar WAY lacks a front surface metal 6020 contact gasket; Then for example each pin of a front surface metal pattern 6015 may be aligned with and bonded to a gasket 5 in contact with a corresponding back surface metal pattern 6025 (if provided); or is connected to a rear surface metal connecting rod 35 (if equipped); or bonded to a 6030 metal back surface contact (if provided) on the adjacent solar cell. This can be accomplished for example by using distinct portions (eg (JU beads) of electrically conductive matrix placed on the overlapping end of each toe 6015; or by a broken or continuous line of electrically conductive material extending parallel to the 0 edge of the solar cell and optionally Electrically interconnect two or more 6015 pins. As noted in (Gan), portions of the overlapping bottom surface metallization of the adjacent solar cell may be provided; eg back surface connecting rod 35 and/or back surface contact 0 if diffusion is present Current and electrical conductivity perpendicular to the fingers in the metallization pattern of the front surface In variations using dashed or solid lines of the electrically conductive binder 5 as described above; the electrically conductive matrix may provide current propagation and conduction

Perpendicular electrode on the fingers in the metallization pattern of the front surface. The interlocking back surface metallurgy and/or electrically conductive binder can carry eg current to bal branching fingers or other finger disturbances in the front surface metallization pattern. 6025 back surface metal contact gaskets (alg 35 delivery 3 if present eg 3) may be formed from silver paste; they may be applied by stencil printing or other suitable method. 6030 back surface metal contact gaskets eg; Aluminium.Any other suitable back-surface metallization pattern and material may also be used.Fig. 78 An example of a front-surface metallization pattern on a Terrible 6300 solar cell can be subdivided to form an array of rectangular solar cells each with the front-surface 0 metallization pattern shown in Figure 76. FIGURE 79 shows an example of a back surface metallization pattern on a 6300 square solar cell that can be subdivided to form an array of rectangular solar cells each with the back surface metallization pattern shown in Figure ATT The front surface metallization pattern described in the present application can enable stencil printing of metallization 5 Front surface on solar cell production line with a standard 3D printer For example, the production process may include stenciling silver paste or stenciling on back surface of das pe solar cell to form back surface contact pads or back surface busbar silver using first printer ; After that dry the back surface silver paste; then stencil or stencil print an aluminum contact on the back surface of the solar cell using a second printer; then 0 mph the aluminum contact; then silver paste to stencil the front surface of the solar cell to create a complete front surface metallization pattern using one stencil in one step of stenciling with a third printer; then dry the silver paste; After that turn on the solar cell. This printing and associated steps can occur in any aT order or can be omitted; as appropriate.

Using a stencil to print a metallization pattern for the front surface allows narrower fingers to be produced than would be possible with stencil printing; Which can improve the efficiency of the solar cell and reduce the use of Sally silver production cost. Stenciling a front surface metallization pattern in a single stencil printing step allows using a single stencil to produce a front surface metallization pattern of uniform height; For example; Buffering does not appear as it would if stencil printing or multiple stencil printing was used

In combination with stenciling for overlapping prints to define features that extend in other directions. After forming the front and back surface metallization pattern on the solar WAY; Each square solar cell can be separated into two or more rectangular solar cells. This can be achieved on

0 For example, by laser copying, followed by slicing, or by any other appropriate method. The rectangular solar cells can then be arranged in an overlapping manner and conductively connected to each other according to the previously described supercell configuration. This specification discloses methods for fabricating solar cells with low loss values in carrier combination at the edges of the solar cell; For example; No chamfered edges enhance the combination of the stand. Solar WAY can be silicon solar cells;

5 for example; More specifically, HIT solar cells can be made of silicon. This specification also discloses roofed (interfering) super cell installations of said solar cells. The individual solar cells in said supercell can have narrow rectangular geometries (Je) eg; slice-like shapes); so that the long sides of adjacent solar cells are arranged to overlap.

0. A significant challenge for the cost-effective application of high-efficiency solar cells such as HIT solar cells is the traditionally perceived need for large amounts of metal to carry a large current from such a high-efficiency solar cell to an adjacent series-connected high-efficiency solar cell. dicing such a high-efficiency solar cell into narrow rectangular solar cell strips; It then allows the resulting solar cells to be arranged in an overlapping (roofed) pattern with conductive bonds between the parts

5 overlapping of adjacent solar cells to form a series connected in series of solar cells in the cell

dala provides an opportunity to reduce unit cost by simplifying the process. This is because the differentiation steps traditionally required to interconnect adjacent solar cells can be reduced by using metal strips. This roofing method would also improve unit efficiency by reducing the current through the solar cells. (Because individual solar cell strips can have smaller than conventional effective areas) and reduce the current path length between adjacent solar cells, each tends to reduce resistance losses.

The reduced current also allows less expensive but more resistant conductors (eg copper) to be substituted for more expensive but lower resistive conductors (eg silver) without significant loss in performance. additionally; This roofing method can reduce the area of the inactive unit by reducing the interconnected tapes and contacts connected from the front surfaces of the cells

0 solar. It can have conventional size solar cells; (eg Jal) have quite square front and rear surfaces with dimensions ranging from about 156 millimeters (mm) x about 156 mm. In the roofing scheme described for torsion such a solar cell is diced into two or more (eg “Jal Two to twenty (156 mm) long solar cell strips.The possible difficulty is to

5 This roofing method is that dicing a conventional size solar cell into thin strips increases the cell edge length of the active area of the solar cell compared to a conventional size solar cell; Which can reduce performance due to the combination of the carrier at the edges. For example” Figure 80 schematically shows the cubes of a HIT 7100 solar cell that has front and back surface dimensions ranging from about 156 mm X about 156 mm to many strips

0 Solar Cell (7100A, 7100B, 7100C, 371005) each have narrow rectangular front and back surfaces with dimensions ranging from about 156 mm X about 40 mm. (The 156 mm long sides of the solar cell strips extend across the page.) In a cell The typical HIT shown 7100 includes a monocrystalline base of type 51050” that can have for example a thickness of about 180 microns and square front and back surfaces with dimensions of about 156 mm X about

156 mm. An approximately 5 nanometer (nm) thick layer of (a-Si:H)SitH was applied.

allopolymers and an ~5 nm thick layer of @-SitH doped with +0 (both layers are indicated together with Ref. 7110) on the front surface of a crystalline silicon substrate 7105. A film of ~65 nm thick ~5120 conductive oxide was applied Transparent (TCO) on layers of a-Si:H 7110. Conductive metal square lines 7130 placed on the layer of 7120100 provide electrical contact to the front surface of the solar cell. A thicker layer is applied

Approximately 5 nm of inherent 51:11-8 and an approximately 5 nm thick layer of a-Si:H doped with +0 (both layers jointly indicated by Ref. 7115) on the back surface of a crystalline silicon base 7105. An approximately 65 nm thick 7125 film of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) was applied over layers of a-Si:H 7115) and provides conductive metal square lines 7135

0 placed on a layer of TCO 7125 electrical contact to the rear surface of the solar cell (the dimensions and materials stated above are rather representative; they are not constrained; (Sarg to be suitably differentiated). Referring further to FIG. 80; in Alls the fission of the solar cell HIT 7100 by conventional methods to form the bonding of the solar cells 7100 27100 27100 27100 and the edges are not Jas

5 spina bifida 7140 is not running. These undamped edges contain a high density of dangling chemical bonds; Which enhance the carrier combination and reduce the performance of the solar cells. on particular day; The 7145 cleavage surface that detects the M-70 linkage and the 7145 cleavage surface that detects the highly doped front surface field (in the 7110 layers) are not switched off and can significantly improve carrier combination. In addition to the above; If a laser is used

0 conventional for laser cutting or copying processes in the 7100 solar cell cube; Thermal damage such as recrystallization 7150 of amorphous silicon can occur on re-formed edges. As a result of the unpowered edges and gall damage in dls using traditional manufacturing processes we can expect the new edges formed on the Solar Slotted WAN 7100 57100 7100 37100 to reduce short circuit current; aga open circuit; and the pseudo-fill operator of WA

5 solar. This amounts to a significant reduction in the performance of the solar cells.

The formation of recombination-enhancing edges while dicing a conventionally sized HIT solar cell into narrower solar cell strips can be avoided using the method shown in Figures 85–185j. This method uses insulation grooves on the front and back surface of a conventional 7 1 00 sized solar cell to electrically insulate a solder joint and a highly doped front surface field.

Cleft edges that would otherwise function as recombination sites for slightly diffuse carriers. The edges of the grooves are not defined by conventional fission; Instead, chemical etching or laser patterning is followed by the deposition of a passivation layer (Jie) of TCO oxide, which passivates both the front and back grooves. compared to strongly similar regions; The dopant of the base is low enough that the probability of J electrons in the junction reaching a base with un-velvet cut edges is small.

0 additionally; The dicing technique can be used for a wafer without indentations; thermal laser separation (TLS) for wafer cutting; and avoid possible heat damage. In the example shown in Figures 85-185j; The starting material is approximately 156 mm N-type terribly monocrystalline silicon in wafer cut form; It can have a mass resistance of for example about 1 to about 3 ohms a centimeter and can be for example a thickness of about 180

5 microns. (The 7105 wafer forms the base of the solar cell.) Referring to Fig. 181, foil 7105 is cut in Lads etched, acid washed and beveled; And dried. after that; In Fig. 81b a layer of 51:11-8 about 5 nanometers thick self-jie and a N+ a-Si:H doped layer of about 5 nm thickness are deposited (both layers are shown together with Ref. 7110)

0 on the front surface of the 7105 wafer by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) “eg” at a temperature from 150 s.m. C to about 200 .s.C.; For example. after that; In Fig. 81c a layer of self-51:8 with a thickness of about 5 nano jie and a similar layer with B:8-51 p+ of about 5 nano jie thickness are deposited (both layers are indicated together by Ref. 7115)

on the back surface of wafer 7105) by “PECVD for example” at a temperature from about 150 C to about 200 C; eg. Thereafter, in Fig. 81d the pattern of the front layers 8-51:14 is set to form the Isolation grooves 2. Isolation grooves 7112 which typically penetrate layers 7110 to wafer 7105 and may have width values of, for example, about 100 microns to about 1000 microns on

The example is about 200 microns. Grooves typically have the smallest usable width values; Based on the accuracy of the patterning techniques and fission techniques applied thereafter. 2 grooves patterns can be achieved. For example; using laser patterning or chemical etching (eg wet injection patterning).

0 thereafter; In Fig. 81e the back layers patterns of a-Si:H 7115 are outlined to form insulation grooves 7. Similarly for insulation grooves 7112; Isolation grooves 7117 which typically penetrate layers 5 to wafer 7105 and can have width values; For example » about 100 microns to about 1000 microns; For example about 200 microns. 7117 groove patterns can be achieved; For example; Using laser pattern marking or chemical etching (eg

5 example; Determination of the injection pattern on wetness). Each groove 7117 is in line with a corresponding groove 2 on the front surface of the structure. after that; In Fig. 81f an approximately 65 nanometer thick TCO layer jie 7120 is deposited on the patterned front layers of a-Si:H 7110. This can be achieved by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or ion plating; For example. Layer ‎Sa 7120 TCO Grooves 7112 in

0 seams 8-51:11 7110 and outer edge seams 7110; Then the surfaces of the layers are damped 0. The layer of TCO 7120 also performs the function of anti-reflective coating. after that; In Fig. 81g a TCO layer of about 65 nanometers thickness jie 7125 is deposited on patterned background layers: 51-8 7115. This can be achieved by PVD or ion-plating” for example. Layer TCO 7125 fills the grooves 7117 in the a-Si:H layers.

115 outer edge seams are painted; Then the surfaces of the 7115 layers are damped. The TCO 25 1 7 layer also acts as an anti-reflective coating. after that; In Fig. 81h the conductive front (eg metal) surface of grating grating lines 7130 is silk-screened onto a layer of TCO 7120. grating grating lines 5 7130 can be molded from low-temperature dad pastes; For example.

after that; In Fig. 81i the conductive back surface (eg metal) of grating grating lines 7135 is silk-screened onto a layer of TCO 7125. grating grating lines 7135 can be molded from low-temperature silver pastes ¢ eg. after that; After deposition of grating lines 7130 and grating lines 7135) is done

0 Solar cell maturation at a temperature of about 200 m sad about 30 minutes; For example. after that; In Fig. 81j the solar cell is separated into 5m (17155) solar cell strips: 27155 and 1155d by dicing the solar cell at the middle of the grooves. The dicing can be achieved for example by using conventional laser copying and mechanical splitting at the middle of the grooves.

5 grooves to bisect the solar cell in line with the grooves. alternatively Cubism can be achieved using a laser thermal separation process (as devised by Jenoptik AG for example) in which laser-induced heating is applied at the middle of the grooves to a mechanical stress that bisects the solar cell in line with the grooves. The latter method can be avoided. Thermal call of the edges of the solar cells.

0 The resulting sheet solar cell 7155-17155d differs from the LAY sheet solar cell 57100-17100 shown in Figure 80. In particular the edges of the 7110-1 8-layers and the 7115 a-Si:H layers are formed in the 7140 solar cells. - 17140D by laser engraving or profiling; Not the mechanical part. additionally; The edges of layers 7110 and 7115 of solar cells 37155-37155 are passivated by a TCO layer. As a result (llll solar cells

1140-0D lacks the carrier combination that strengthens the slit edges that are found in 17100-17100D solar cells. The method described for Figures 81-181j is intended to be representative, not restrictive. so that the steps described in certain sequences are performed in other sequences or in parallel;

as appropriate. Material layers and steps can be deleted, added, or replaced as appropriate. For example; If brazing is used then additional patterning and nucleation layer deposition steps can be incorporated into the process. In addition to the above; In some variations, only the front layers a-Si:H 7110 are patterned to form “Ball” grooves, and the insulating grooves are not formed in the back layers 8-51:11 7115. In other variations, the back layers are patterned -8

0 51:00 7115 only to form the insulation grooves; Insulation grooves are not formed in the frontal layers 8-1 7115. As in the example from Figures 81-181j; In these variations also dicing occurs in the middle of the grooves. The formation of recombination enhancement edges while dicing a conventionally sized HIT solar cell into narrower solar cell strips can also be avoided using the method shown in Figures 82a-

5 82j; which also uses insulation grooves similarly to that used in the method described for Figs. 81-181j. Referring to Figure 82a; In this example the starting material is again a gape silicon about 6 mm thick N type monocrystalline wafer cut 7105 which can have a mass resistivity of eg about 1 to about 3 ohm centimeter and can be eg

0 instance with a thickness of about 180 microns. Referring to Fig. 82b; The 7160 grooves are formed in the front surface of the 7105 wafer. These grooves can have depths eg; is about 80 microns to about 150 microns; eg about 90 microns; These widths, for example JB, can range from about 10 microns to about 100 microns. The 7160's insulation grooves define the geometry

For the solar cell chips to be formed from the 7105 wafer. According to the following; The 7105 wafer is bisected along these grooves. The grooves of the 7160 can be machined by conventional laser chip duplication for example. Thereafter” in Fig. 82c the wafer 7105 is of Lali-etched texture and acid-washed;

5 dishing and dried. Etching typically removes damage initially present in the cut wafer image surfaces 7105 or occurring during groove formation 7160. Etching can also widen grooves 7160. Next; In Fig. 82d a self-@-SitH layer with a thickness of 5 nano jie Jos and a similar N+ a-Si:H layer with a thickness of about 5 nm (both layers are indicated together by Ref. 7110) are deposited on the surface front of the 7105 wafer by “PECVD for example” at a temperature of

10 from about 150 m to about 200 m; For example. after that; In Fig. 82e a 5-nanometre ea 851:11 self-layer and a 5-nm-thick p+ a-Si:H co-layer (both layers together are indicated by Ref. 7115) are deposited on the back surface of the wafer 1 05°C by PECVD eg » at a temperature of Jigs from 150°C to about 200°C; eg.

5 thereafter; In Fig. 82f a TCO layer of about 65 nanometers thickness jie 7120 is deposited on the 8-51:11 7110 front layers. This can be achieved by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or ion plating” for example. TCO 7120 can fill grooves 7160 and typically as walls and bottom layers of grooves 7160 and outer edge layers 7110; Then the painted surfaces are impregnated. The TCO 7120 layer also performs the function of anti-reflective coating.

0 next; In Fig. 82g a TCO layer of about 65 nanometers thickness jie 7125 is deposited on the back layers of a-Si:H 7115. This can be achieved by PVD or ion plating” for example. TCO Coating 7125 dampens the surfaces (eg including the outer edges) of the Coatings 7115 and also serves as an anti-reflective coating.

after that; In Figure 82h the front surface (eg metal) of the conductor is silk-screened

For grating gridlines 7130 silk on TCO 7120 film. Gridlines can be molded

Grid 7130 is a low grade hall silver paste eg.

after that; In Fig. 82i the conductive back surface (eg metal) of the grated gridlines 7135 Lipps is screen-printed onto a layer of TCO 7125. The gridlines can be machined

Grid 7135 is a low grade hall silver paste eg.

after that; After deposition of grating lines 7130 and grating lines 7135) is done

The maturation of the solar cell at a temperature ranging from about 200 C for a period of about 30 (dads on

for example.

0 thereafter; In Fig. 82j the solar cell is separated into solar cell strips 27165 (165 165) (17165) and 7165d; by dicing the solar cell at the middle of the grooves 0 cubing can be achieved for example by using the conventional mechanical bisecting at the middle of the grooves of the solar cell division in line with the grooves. towards coy dicing can be achieved using the laser thermal separation process as described above; eg.

5 The resulting sheet solar cells 7165-17165d differs from the sheet solar cells 57100-17100 shown in Figure 80. In particular, the edges of the layers 8-1 7110 are machined in Solar WAY 7165-17165d with a hole; Not the mechanical part. additionally; The edges of the 7110 layers of Solar WAY ST165-17165 are passivated by a TCO layer. as a result; The 37165-17165 solar cells lack the carrier combination that powers them

0 Slotted edges that are present in solar cells 17100-7100D. The method described for Figures 81-181j is intended to be representative, not restrictive. so that the steps described in certain sequences are performed in other sequences or in parallel; as appropriate. Material layers and steps can be deleted, added, or replaced as appropriate. For example (Jha) if copper-plating metallization is used then profiling can be included

Additional nucleation and layer deposition steps in the process. In addition to the above; In some variants, some grooves of variants 7160 are formed on the back surface of wafer 7105 instead of on the front surface of wafer 7105. The methods described above for Figures 81-181j and 86-186j are applicable to each of the solar cells of type 50 HIT of Type 0. Solar cells can be a front or front emitter

rear emitter. It can be preferable to apply the separation process to the side without the emitter. In addition to the above; The use of isolation grooves and passivation layers as described above to reduce coalescence at the edges of the split wafer is applicable to other solar cell designs and to solar cells using material systems other than silicon.

0 Refer back to Figure 1; A series of series-connected solar cells 0 shaped by the above-described methods can be distinctly arranged in a capped fashion so that adjacent solar LDA edges are staggered and electrically connected to form a supercell 100. In a supercell 100 the adjacent solar cells 10 are supercoupled are connected to each other in the region where they overlap by means of an electrically conductive binder that electrically conducts the metallization pattern of the front surface

One of the solar cells has a metallization pattern on the back surface of the adjacent solar cell. Suitable electrically conductive binders may include; For example; electrically conductive adhesives, electrically conductive adhesive films and adhesive tapes; and conventional welds. Referring again to Figures 5a-5b; Figure 15 shows an ideal rectangular solar module 200 comprising twenty rectangular supercells 100 each of a length approximately half that of

0 short sides of the solar module. The supercells are arranged end-to-end in pairs to form ten rows of supercells. The rows and long sides of the supercells are oriented parallel to the short sides of the solar module. in other variations; Each row of supercells can contain three or more supercells. also; In other variations (Sa) the supercells are arranged end-to-end in rows; so that the rows and sides

5 long supercells oriented parallel to the long sides of a rectangular solar module or

Parallel oriented lad is a terrible solar module. In addition to the above; A solar module can have more or less super WAY and more or fewer rows of supercells than shown in this example. (Sa) that an optional gap 210 shown in Figure 15 is present to facilitate making electrical contacts to a front surface terminal contacts of a super WAN 100 along the centerline of the solar module; in variations in which the super WAY in each row is arranged so that one At least of them have an anterior surface for terminal contact at the end of a supercell next to the other supercell in the row.In the various forms in which each row of supercells includes three or more supercells.Optional additional gaps between supercells may be provided to similarly facilitate 0 Make electrical contacts to front surface terminal contacts located away from the sides of the solar module. Figure 5b shows another typical rectangular solar module 300 comprising ten super rectangular WIA 100" each of a length approximately equal to the length of the short sides of the module. The cells form The supercells are arranged so that their long sides are oriented parallel to the short sides of module 5. In other variations the supercells can have lengths approximately equal to the length of the long sides of a rectangular solar module and be oriented with their long sides parallel to the long sides of the solar module. A super LIAN could also be about as long as the sides of a massive solar module; It is oriented with its long sides parallel to the side of the solar module. In addition to the above; The solar module can have more or less than one super WAY with a side length other than the 0 shown in this example. Figure 5b also shows what a solar module 200 of Figure 15 looks like when there are no gaps between adjacent supercells in rows of solar module 200 supercells. Any suitable aT arrangement of solar module 100 supercells can also be used. The following numbered paragraphs provide additional unrestricted aspects of disclosure.

0 1 3 solar module comprising: average breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts solar cells grouped into one or more supercells each comprising two or more solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapped and conductively connected with each other

with an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive; Cua solar cell or a single group of > WIA N solar in series solar cells are not electrically connected individually in parallel with a branching diode. 2. The solar module in accordance with Clause 1; where it is not greater than or equal to 30.

0 3. The solar module according to paragraph 1; where it is not greater than or equal to 50.4 Solar Units according to Paragraph 1; where it is not greater than or equal to 100. 5. A solar module according to clause 1 where the adhesive forms bonds between adjacent solar WIAs having a thickness perpendicular to the solar cells less than or equal to about 1 . 0 mm and a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cell is greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/m/k.

5 6. The solar module according to paragraph 1 where N solar cells are assembled into one super cell. 7. The solar module according to Clause 1 where the supercells are encapsulated in a polymer. 17 Cua 7 Solar Module The polymer comprises a thermoplastic olefin polymer. JT solar module according to SAL 7 with polymer sandwiched between a front sheet of glass and a back 3 sheet.

7 c. Solar module in accordance with clause 7b where the back panel includes glass. 8. The solar module according to Clause 1; The WA solar cells are silicon solar cells.

9 solar module 3 comprising: the supercell that covers to a large extent the entire length or width of the solar module parallel to the edge of the solar module; The supercell comprises in series connected WIA N rectangular or more or less rectangular solar panels having an average breakdown voltage greater than about 10 V arranged in line with long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapped and conductively connected

with each other with an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive; Where a solar cell or a single group of <N solar cells in a supercell is not electrically connected individually in parallel with a branching diode. 0. The solar module according to paragraph 9, where no > 24.

0 11. The solar module according to clause 9 where the supercell has a downstream length of at least about 500 mm. 2. The solar module according to paragraph 9, where the super cells are encapsulated in a thermoplastic olefin polymer sandwiched between front and back sheets of glass. 3. The supercell includes:

5 array of silicon solar cells each comprising: front or back surfaces of rectangular or nearly rectangular shape defined by the first and second long parallel sides placed oppositely and two short sides placed oppositely; At least parts of the front surfaces are exposed to sunlight while the solar cell series is in operation; at least one front surface placed adjacent to the first long side; And

at least one rear deck placed adjacent to the second long side;

The silicon solar cells are arranged in line with the first long sides

The second is from the adjacent silicon solar cells interlaced so that the gaskets touch the front and back surfaces on the adjacent silicon solar cells interlaced and connected in a manner

Connect them to each other with a bonding material for a conductive adhesive to connect the solar cells electrically

straight silicon; And

Where the metallization pattern of the front surface of each silicon solar cell includes a baffle prepared to be located

By far the bonding material of the conductive adhesive is to at least one gasket contacting a surface

0 frontal prior to the maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication.

4. The super cell according to clause 13 where for each pair of overlapping and adjacent silicon solar cells; The diaphragm on the front surface of one of the silicon solar cells is an overlapping and discreet part of a GAT silicon solar cell; It then largely determines the binding material of the conductive adhesive for the overlapping regions of the front surface of the silicon solar cell before

5 Maturation of the binder of the conductive adhesive during supercell fabrication.

5. the supercell according to paragraph 13 wherein the bulkhead comprises a continuous conductive line running parallel to and to the full length substantially of the first long side; So that at least one front surface contact gasket is between the continuous conductive line and the first long side of the solar cell.

0 16. Supercell according to § 15 wherein the metallization pattern of the front surface comprises electrically connected fingers of two gaskets contacting at least one front surface and extending perpendicular to the first long side; And the continuous electrically connected conductive line of the fingers to provide several conductive paths from each finger to a gasket that touches at least one front surface.

7. the supercell according to § 13 wherein the metallization pattern of the front surface comprises a set of distinct contact gaskets arranged in a row adjacent to and parallel to the first long side; Barrier aiding contains a set of attributes that form separate barriers for each distinct contact gasket that largely determines the binder of the conductive adhesive to the distinct gaskets prior to material curing

Bonding of a conductive adhesive during supercell fabrication. 8. Supercell according to sul 17 where the discrete baffles butt up and are longer than the corresponding distinct contact gaskets. 9. The super cell includes: A set of silicon solar cells, each containing:

1 0 front or back surfaces rectangular or rectangular to an extent re-shaped defined by the first and second long parallel sides placed oppositely and two short sides placed oppositely” At least portions of the frontal surfaces shall be exposed to sunlight during operation of the solar cell series;

5 at least one front deck placed adjacent to the first long side; and at least one rear deck placed adjacent to the second long side; Where the silicon solar cells are arranged in line with the first and second long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and so that the gaskets are in contact with the surface

0 front and back on adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively connected to each other with a conductive adhesive binder to electrically connect the silicon solar cells respectively; And

Wherein the pattern of metallization of the back surface of each silicon solar cell includes a barrier primed to substantially limit the conductive adhesive binder to at least one back surface contact gaskets prior to maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication. 0. supercell according to sya 19) wherein the back surface metallurgy pattern comprises one or more distinct contact pads arranged in a row adjacent to and parallel to the second long side; By far the bonding material of the conductive adhesive to the distinct contact gaskets prior to the maturation of the bonding material of the conductive adhesive during the manufacture of the supercell 1. The supercell according to ll 20 where the separate baffles butt up and are longer than the corresponding distinct contact gaskets 22 Manufacture method A series of cells The method includes: dicing one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form de gene of rectangular silicon solar cells each having substantially the same length along its longitudinal axis; and 5 arranging Rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapping and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the solar cells in series; where a group of rectangular silicon solar cells includes at least one rectangular solar cell having two chamfered corners Corresponding to the corners or on parts of the corners of the terribly shaped pseudo-wafer; one or more rectangular silicon solar cells each lacking chamfered corners; And where the spacing is selected between the parallel lines, along which the pseudo-square wafer is cubed to equalize the chamfered corners so that the width is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the solar cells.

rectangular silicon solar cells that have chamfered corners are greater than the width perpendicular to the longitudinal axis than rectangular silicon solar cells that lack chamfered corners; So that each of a group of rectangular silicon solar cells in the series of solar cells has a surface oll of the same degree of surface area exposed to light in the operation of the series of solar cells.

23. A series of solar cells comprising: a group of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal parts of adjacent solar cells overlapping and connected in a conductive manner to each other to connect the solar cells (Liles) in series; Where at least one of the silicon solar cells have chamfered corners that correspond

0 corners or parts of corners of a pseudo-square silicon wafer from which it has been cut into cubes; Cua At least one of the silicon solar cells lacks chamfered corners; Each of the silicon solar cells has substantially the same front surface area exposed to light during solar cell series operation.

4. A method of manufacturing two or more strings of solar cells; The method includes:

5 cube one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form a first array of rectangular silicon solar cells incorporating chamfered corners corresponding to the corners or portions of the pseudo-square silicon wafers and a second set of rectangular solar cells silicon wafers each having a first length covering the entire width of the dal-shaped silicon wafers and lacking chamfered corners;

0 Remove the chamfered corners from each of the first group of rectangular silicon solar cells to form a third group of rectangular silicon solar cells each with a second length shorter than the first and lacking the chamfered corners;

Arranging a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series to form a solar cell chain that has a width equal to the length of the first ; And

Arrangement of a third set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other for electrical connection a third set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series to form a solar cell chain that has a width equal to the second length .

5. A method of manufacturing two or more strings of solar cells; The method includes:

0 cube one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form a first array of rectangular silicon solar cells comprising the chamfered corners corresponding to the corners or portions of the pseudo-square silicon wafers and a second set of rectangular solar cells silicone, lacks chamfered corners; Arrange a first array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides

5. Of the adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series; and arrange a second array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with the long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected

0 to each other to electrically connect a second array of rectangular silicon solar cells in series.

6. The method of manufacturing a solar module; The method includes:

Cube each of the pseudo-silicon wafers along a series of lines parallel to a long edge of the wafer to form a pseudo-silicon wafer array An array of rectangular silicon solar cells comprising the chamfered corners corresponding to the corners of the pseudo-silicon wafers and a set of Rectangular silicon solar cells lack chamfered corners;

Arrangement of at least some rectangular silicon solar cells lacking chamfered corners to form a first set of supercells each comprising only rectangular silicon solar cells lacking chamfered corners arranged inline with long sides of silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to connect the solar cells

0 electrolytic silicon in series; Arrangement of at least some rectangular silicon solar cells comprising chamfered corners to form a second set of supercells each comprising only rectangular silicon solar cells comprising chamfered corners arranged inline with long sides of silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to connect the cells

5 solar electrolytic silicon in a row; The arrangement of supercells in parallel is rows of supercells of length equal to a large extent to form a front surface of the solar module; such that each row of supercells includes either from a first set of supercells or only supercells from a second set of supercells. 7. The solar module in accordance with paragraph 26, where it includes two rows of supercells adjacent to

0 opposite parallel edges of the solar module supercells only from a second set of supercells; All other parallel supercell rows of the solar module contain only supercells from a first set of supercells. 8. The solar module according to Clause 27; The solar module has a total of six rows of supercells.

9. The supercell includes: a group of silicon solar cells arranged in line in the first direction with the terminal parts of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; And

An elongated flexible electrical interconnect with its longitudinal axis oriented parallel to the ob direction perpendicular to the first direction; conductively attached to the front or rear surface of a terminal silicon solar cell at three or more separate locations arranged along the second direction and running at least the entire width of the terminal solar cell in the second direction; Have a conductor thickness less than or equal to about 100 microns measured vertically on the front or back surface of the terminal solar cell

of silicon; provide a resistance to current flow in the second direction of less than or equal to about 0.012 ohms; It is prepared to provide flexibility that accommodates the differential expansion in the second direction between the terminal silicon solar cell and the interconnection for a temperature range ranging from about -40 C to about 85 C. 0. the supercell according to clause 29; Where the electrical interconnection pall has a conductive thickness less than or equal to about 30 microns measured vertically on the front and back surfaces of the silicon terminal 5 solar cell. 1. All ag 29 supercell where the elastic electrical interconnection extends beyond the supercell in the second direction to provide electrical interconnection to at least a second supercell placed parallel J and adjacent to the supercell in a solar module. 2. the supercell according to clause 29; The elastic electrical interconnection extends beyond the 0 supercell in the first direction to provide an electrical interconnection to a second supercell placed parallel to and in line with the supercell in a solar module. 33 solar modules including:

A group of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows covering the width of the unit to form a front surface of the unit; Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal sections of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series;

Where at least one terminal of a first supercell adjacent to the unit edge in a first row is electrically connected to the terminal of a second supercell adjacent to the same unit edge in a second row by means of a flexible electrical interconnect attached to the front surface of the first supercell at a set of locations separated by an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material . running parallel to the edge of the unit; ong of at least one of them

0 flexes around the end of a first supercell and is obscured from view from the front of the unit.

4. The solar module in accordance with clause 33) where the flexible electrical interconnection surfaces on the front surface of the module are covered or colored to reduce visual contrast with the super cells.

5 3 The solar module according to Clause 33 “where two or more parallel rows of supercells are arranged on a white background sheet to form a front surface of the solar module to be lit

5 by solar radiation while the solar module is in operation; The white background sheet comprises parallel dark strips having the locations and widths corresponding to the locations and widths of the spaces between the parallel rows of supercells; The white parts of the back panels are not visible through the spaces between the rows.

36. The manufacturing method is a series of solar cells; The method includes:

seul) 20 laser one or more graph lines on each one or more silicon solar cells to identify de gene from the rectangular regions on the silicon solar cells; apply an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more scratched silicon solar cells at one or more locations adjacent to the long side of each rectangular area;

Separating the silicon solar cells along the schematic lines to provide an array of rectangular silicon solar cells each comprising an ei of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed on its front surface next to a long side; Arrange an array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with the long sides of the

Adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells interlocked in a capped fashion with a portion of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material Lad placed between; maturation of the electrically conductive binder; Then connect the adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connect them electrically in series. 37 Manufacturing Method A series of solar cells; The method includes:

Laser copying of one or more graph lines on each one or more silicon solar cells to define a group of rectangular areas on the silicon solar cells » Each application of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to parts of the top surfaces of one or more of the silicon solar cells ;

5 Apply vacuum pressure between the bottom surfaces of one or more silicon solar cells and a Mohs support surface to bend one or more silicon solar cells against the arched support surface and then slit one or more silicon solar cells along the schematic lines to provide an array of solar cells Rectangular silicone, each containing an EDA of ribbon

0 Arrangement of an array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped in a capped fashion with a sha of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed Lad between; And

ripening of the electrically conductive binder; Then connect the adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connect them electrically in series. 8. The method according to Clause 37 comprises applying electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to the single or SST of silicon solar cells; This is considered one or more laser copies

Rhomboid lines on each one or more silicon solar cells. 9. The method according to Clause 37 (includes laser copying of one or more graph lines on each one or more silicon solar cells), and then applying the electrically conductive bonding material to one or more of the silicon solar cells. Solar module including on me:

0 A group of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows to form a front surface of the solar module; Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal sections of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; Each supercell includes terminal contacts with an anterior surface at one end of the supercell and contacts

5 terminals of a posterior surface of opposite polarity at an opposite terminal of the supercell; where a first row of supercells includes a first supercell arranged so that its terminal contact is with an adjacent front surface and parallel to a first edge of the solar module; The solar module includes a flexible electrical interconnection that is longitudinal and runs parallel to the first edge of the solar module; They are conductively attached to the terminal contacts of the anterior surface of the supercell

0 first; The oda shall only narrow from the front surface of the solar module adjacent to the first edge of the solar module and shall not be wider than about 1 centimeter measured perpendicular to the first edge of the solar module.

1. The solar module according to clause 40 where gia of the first flexible electrical interconnection extends

around the end of a first supercell closest to the first edge of the solar module; and behind the supercell

The first.

2. The solar unit Gy of § 40; Cus first elastic interconnection comprising a thin ribbon conductively attached to the terminal contact of the anterior surface of the first supercell and a thicker part

It runs parallel to the first edge of the solar module.

3. The solar module according to sll 40 wherein the first flexible interconnection has a ga captive

thin conductively attached to the terminal contacts of the anterior surface of the first supercell and part

A coiled sharpie running parallel to the first edge of the solar module.

0 44. Solar module according to 40 Cus 2nd row of super WAY comprising a second supercell arranged with its front surface terminal contact adjacent to and parallel to the first edge of the solar module; The terminal contact of the anterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of the anterior surface of the second supercell via the first elastic electrical interconnection. 5. Solar module according to gall 40; Cus the terminal contact of a posterior surface of the first supercell is located

5 adjacent to and parallel to a second edge of the solar module against the first edge of the solar module; It includes a second flexible electrical interconnect that is longitudinal and runs parallel to the second edge of the solar module; It is conductively attached to the terminal contact of the posterior surface of the first supercell and is entirely posterior to the supercells.

6. The solar module according to Paragraph 45, where:

0 A second row of supercells comprises a second supercell arranged with its terminal contact on a front surface adjacent to and parallel to the first edge of the solar module and its terminal contact on a rear surface adjacent to and parallel to the second edge of the solar module;

The terminal contact of the anterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of the anterior surface of the second supercell by means of the first elastic electrical interconnection; The terminal contact of a posterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of a posterior surface of the second supercell by means of the second flexible electrical interconnection.

47. The solar module according to Paragraph 40; Comprising: a second supercell arranged in the first row of supercells in series with the first supercell and with its terminal contacting a back surface next to a second edge of the solar module opposite the first edge of the solar module; a second flexible electrical interconnection that is longitudinal and runs parallel to the second edge of the solar module;

0 and is connected in a conductive way to the terminal contact of the posterior surface of the first supercell »and is located

Completely behind Super WAN.

48 The solar module according to Paragraph 47, where:

A second row of supercells comprises a third supercell and a daddy supercell arranged in series with a front surface terminal contact of the third supercell adjacent to the first solar module edge and contacts

5 terminal of a posterior surface of the fourth supercell adjacent to the second edge of the solar module; The terminal contact of the anterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of the anterior surface of the third supercell by means of the first flexible electrical interconnection, and the terminal contact of a posterior surface of the second supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of the posterior surface of the fourth supercell by means of the second electrically flexible interconnection.

0 49. Solar module in accordance with clause 40 Cua supercells arranged on a white background sheet comprising dark parallel strips having places and widths corresponding to the places and widths of spaces between parallel rows of supercells; The white parts of the back panels are not visible through the spaces between the rows.

0. The solar module in accordance with Clause 40) where all parts of the first flexible electrical interconnect that are located on the front surface of the solar module are covered or tinted to reduce visual contrast with supercells. 1. The solar module according to Clause 40) where:

Each silicon solar cell comprises: front or back surfaces rectangular or nearly rectangular with shapes defined by the first and second parallel sides placed oppositely and two short sides positioned oppositely; at least parts of the front surfaces are exposed to sunlight during series operation Solar cells; fingers extending perpendicular to the long sides and a set of distinct contact gaskets front surface electrically to at least one of the fingers; And

5 distinct rear surface contact gaskets arranged in a row adjacent to the second long side; Within each supercell, the silicon solar cells are arranged inline with the first and second long sides of the adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping so that the corresponding distinct front surface contact gaskets and distinct back surface contact gaskets on adjacent silicon solar cells are aligned; overlapping; connected in a conductive way to each other

With a sald bond, a conductive adhesive to electrically connect silicon solar cells in series. 2. The solar module according to clause 51) where the metallization pattern of the front surface of each silicon solar cell includes a group of thin conductors for electrical interconnection next to gaskets

Distinct front surface contact and each thin conductor is thinner than the width of the discrete contact pads

Measured vertically on the long sides of the solar cells.

3. The solar module in accordance with Clause 51; where the binder of the conductive adhesive is specified

Significantly with front surface contact gasket locations that feature the front surface metallization pattern features _ forming one or more adjacent baffles to the distinct front surface contact gaskets.

4. The solar module in accordance with Clause 51; where the binder of the Alia gall adhesive is specified

The location of the gaskets in contact with the back surface has the characteristics of the back surface metallization pattern

which form one or more baffles adjacent to the gasket contacting the distinct rear surface.

5. The method of manufacturing a solar module; The method includes:

The silicon rectangles are arranged on the same line so that the end parts are on long sides

of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells nested in a capped manner;

Ripening of an electrically conductive binder placed between the overlapping peripheral parts of solar cells

Rectangular neighbours, made of silicone, by applying heat and pressing the cll cells, and then tying the cells

5 Adjacent interlocking rectangular solar panels made of silicon to each other and connected electrically in series; arrangement and interconnection of supercells in the form of a coated solar module in a stacking of layers including an envelope; Applying heat and pressure on the agglutination of the layers to form a lamellar structure.

0 56. The method is in accordance with Paragraph 55; It involves ripening or partially curing the electrically conductive binder by applying heat and pressure to the supercells before applying heat and pressure to agglutinate the layers to form the lamellar structure; Then the formation of mature or partially mature cells supercoiled as a direct product prior to the formation of the lamellar structure.

7. The method according to clause 56) where each additional rectangular silicon solar cell is added to the supercell during the assembly of the supercell; the electrically conductive adhesive between the newly added solar cell and its adjacent overlapping solar cell is ripened or partially matured before another rectangular solar cell 58. Method lg of § 56 includes curing or partial curing of all the conductive binder

electrolytically in the supercell in the same step. 9. the manner in accordance with Paragraph 56; They include: partial heat-and-pressure curing of the electrically conductive binder on WA ultrafine prior to heat-and-pressure agglutination of the layers to form a lamellar structure; Hence the formation of supercells

0 matured Like as a direct product prior to lamellar formation; Completing the maturation of the electrically conductive binder while applying heat and pressure to stack the layers to form the lamellar structure. 0. The method according to Clause 55 comprises electrically maturing of the conductive binder while applying heat and pressing an agglutination of layers to form a lamellar structure; without the formation of mature cells or

5 Partially super ripened as a direct product prior to lamellar formation. 1. the manner in accordance with Paragraph 55; It involves dicing one or more silicon solar cells into rectangular shapes to provide rectangular silicon solar cells. 2. The method according to Paragraph 61 “includes applying electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more silicon solar cells before dicing one or more solar cells

.0 silicon to provide rectangular silicon solar cells with pre-applied electrically conductive adhesive bonding material. 3. the manner in accordance with Paragraph 62; It involves applying an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more silicon solar cells; After that use a laser to copy one or more of them

The lines on each one or more of the silicon solar cells; He then bisected one or more of the silicon solar cells along the scratched lines. 4. the manner in accordance with Paragraph 62; It involves using a laser to copy one or more lines on each one or more silicon solar cells; This consists of applying electrically conductive adhesive (Jas) to one or more silicon solar cells; He then bisected one or more of the silicon solar cells along the scratched lines. 5. the manner in accordance with Paragraph 62; wherein the electrically conductive adhesive bonding material is to be applied to the upper surface of each of one or more silicon solar cells nor opposite to the lower surface of each of one or more of the silicon solar cells; It involves applying zero vacuum between the bottom surfaces of one or more silicon solar cells and a Mohs support surface to bend one or more silicon solar cells against the arched support surface and then slit one or more silicon solar cells along the graph lines. 66. The method according to Paragraph 61; It involves applying electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to rectangular silicon solar cells after dicing one or more 5-silicon solar cells to provide rectangular silicon solar cells. 7. Method according to clause 55) wherein the binder of the conductive adhesive has a glass transition temperature of less than or equal to about 0 C. 1 solar module includes: 0 solar module; each supercell comprising an array of silicon solar cells arranged on the same Line with terminal sections of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect silicon solar cells in series; each supercell comprises a front surface terminal contact at one end of the supercell and a back surface terminal contact of opposite polarity at opposite end of the cell superlative

where a first row of supercells includes a first supercell arranged so that its terminal contact is with an adjacent front surface and parallel to a first edge of the solar module; The solar module includes a flexible electrical interconnection that is longitudinal and runs parallel to the first edge of the solar module; It is conductively attached to the terminal contacts of the anterior surface of the first supercell; The oda shall only narrow from the front surface of the solar module adjacent to the first edge of the solar module and shall not be wider than about 1 centimeter measured perpendicular to the first edge of the solar module. 12 the solar module according to [of] where ea of the first flexible electro-elastic interconnect extends around the end of a first supercell closest to the first edge of the solar module; and behind the first 0 supercell. 3. The solar module in accordance with 1a; Whereas the first flexible interconnection comprises a thin barb ga conductively attached to the terminal contact of the front surface of the first supercell and a thicker portion extending parallel to the first edge of the solar module. 4. The solar module in accordance with 1a; Whereas the first flexible interconnection comprises a thin 5 ga conductively bonded to the terminal contact of the front surface of the first supercell and a coiled bonded ga extending parallel to the first edge of the solar module. 5a. solar module according to oJ] wherein a second row of supercells comprises a second supercell arranged with its terminal contact with a front surface adjacent to and parallel to the first edge of the solar module; The terminal contact of the anterior surface of the first supercell is connected, Lb jes, to the terminal contact 0 of the anterior surface of the second supercell by means of the first elastic electrical interconnection. 6 a. The solar module according to the clause of where the terminal contact of a rear surface of the first supercell is adjacent to and parallel to a second edge of the solar module opposite the first edge of the solar module; It has a second flexible electrical interconnect that is longitudinal and runs parallel to the second edge

for the solar module; It is conductively attached to the terminal contact of the posterior surface of the supercell

The first is located entirely behind the supercells.

7a. The solar module according to paragraph 6, where:

A second row of supercells comprises a second supercell arranged with its terminal contact on a front surface adjacent to and parallel to the first edge of the solar module and its terminal contact on an adjacent rear surface

to and parallel to the second edge of the solar module;

The terminal contact of the anterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact

to the front surface of the second supercell by means of the first elastic electrical interconnection; And

The terminal contact of a posterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of a surface

0 rear of the second super cell by means of the second flexible electrical interconnection. 8a. The solar module according to oJ] comprising: a second supercell arranged in the first row of supercells in series with the first supercell and with its terminal contacting a back surface next to a second edge of the solar module opposite the first edge of the solar module; And

5 a second flexible electrical interconnection that is longitudinal and runs parallel to the second edge of the solar module; It is conductively attached to the terminal contact of a posterior surface of the first supercell; ging entirely behind the supercells.

9. The solar module according to Clause 8a where: A second row of super cells includes a third super cell and a fourth super cell arranged in series with

0 terminal contact of the front surface of the third supercell next to the first edge of the solar module and the contact

terminal of a posterior surface of the fourth supercell adjacent to the second edge of the solar module; And

The terminal contact of the anterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of the anterior surface of the third supercell by means of the first elastic electrical interconnection and the terminal contact of a posterior surface of the second supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of the posterior surface of the fourth supercell by means of the second electrically flexible interconnection.

110. The solar module according to paragraph J] where, away from the outer edges of the solar module, there are no electrical interconnections between the super cells that reduce the active area of the front surface of the module.

1. The solar module according to TT where at least one pair of supercells is arranged on the same line on the same terminal contact line of the back surface of one pair of supercells adjacent 0 to the terminal contact of the back surface of the other pair of supercells. 2. The solar module according to Clause 1a where: at least one pair of supercells is arranged in the same line on the same line adjacent to the terminals of two supercells having terminal contacts of opposite polarity; The ends of a pair of adjacent supercells overlap; And 5 supercells in a pair of supercells are electrically connected on Mall by means of a flexible interconnection that is confined between their overlapping ends and does not shade the front surface. 3. The solar module according to clause [of] wherein the supercells are arranged on a white background sheet comprising dark parallel strips having places and widths corresponding to the places and widths of the spaces between the parallel rows of supercells; The white parts of the background chips are not visible through the spaces between the rows. 4. The solar module in accordance with Clause 1a whereby all parts of the first flexible electrical interconnect that lie on the front surface of the solar module shall be covered or tinted to reduce visual contrast with supercells.

5. The solar module according to paragraph [of], where: Each silicon solar cell includes: front or back surfaces are rectangular or rectangular to an extent that repeats specific shapes with the first and second long parallel sides placed oppositely and two short sides placed oppositely; At least parts of the front surfaces are exposed to sunlight while the solar cell series is in operation; Fingers extending perpendicular to the long sides and a set of distinct front surface contact gaskets 0 electrically to at least one of the fingers; distinct rear surface contact gaskets lined up next to the second long side; Within each supercell the silicon solar cells are arranged inline with the first and second long sides of the adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping so that the corresponding distinct front surface contact pads and the distinct rear surface contact pads on adjacent silicon solar cells are aligned; overlapping; They are connected conductively to each other with a conductive adhesive salad to electrically connect the solar cells of silicon in series. 6. The solar module according to clause 115 where the metallization pattern of the front surface of each silicon solar cell includes a group of thin conductors for electrical interconnection next to the distinct front surface contact gaskets and each thin conductor is thinner than the width of the distinct contact gaskets measured vertically on the long sides of the cells solar.

L117 solar module according to clause 15 wherein the binder of the adhesive Alia gall is substantially limited by the locations of the front surface contact gaskets having the front surface metallization pattern features forming barriers around each distinct front surface contact gasket. 8. The solar module according to clause 15 wherein the binder of the adhesive, Alia gall, is to a large extent limited by the locations of the back surface contact gaskets having the characteristic back surface metallization pattern forming barriers around each distinct back surface contact gasket. 9. The solar module according to paragraph 15 (where the distinct back surface contact gaskets are silver and in fac the distinct back surface contact gaskets are silver). The metallization pattern of the back surface of each silicon solar cell does not include silver contacts at 0 i.e. 20 A site comprising a portion of a front surface of the solar cell that is not overlapped by an adjacent silicon solar cell 20. A solar module comprising: Silicon arranged in line with the terminal portions of adjacent silicon solar cells 5 overlapped and conductively bonded to each other to connect the solar cells electrically made of silicon in succession, wherein each silicon solar cell comprises: front or back surfaces of rectangular or nearly rectangular shape defined by the first and second parallel long sides oppositely positioned and two short sides oppositely positioned 0; at least portions of front surfaces to sunlight during solar cell string operation;

Fingers running perpendicular to the long sides and a set of distinctive front surface contact pads placed in a row adjacent to the first long side; Each gasket in contact with a front surface is electrically connected to at least one of the fingers; distinct rear surface contact gaskets lined up next to the second long side; Where within each supercell the silicon solar cells are arranged in line with the first and second long sides of the adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and such that the corresponding distinct front surface contact gaskets and distinct back surface contact gaskets are on the cells

0 adjacent silicon solar panels aligned; overlapping; and connected conductively to each other with a bonding material for a conductive adhesive to electrically connect the solar cells of silicon in series; And where the super cells are arranged in one row or in two or AST parallel rows to a large extent that cover the length or width of the solar module to form a front surface of the solar module that is required to be illuminated by solar radiation during the operation of the solar module.

21a. The solar module according to sll 20) where the distinct back surface contact gaskets, the back surface contact gaskets are silver and except for the distinct back surface contact gaskets are silver, the back surface metallization pattern of each silicon solar cell does not include silver contact when it is silicon.

0 22. The solar module according to clause 120) wherein the metallization pattern of the front surface of each silicon solar cell includes a group of thin conductors for electrical interconnection next to the distinct front surface contact gaskets and each thin conductor is thinner than the width of the distinct contact gaskets measured vertically on the long sides of solar cells.

3. The solar module according to Paragraph 120) where the binding material of the adhesive, Alia gall, is specified

Significantly the locations of the gaskets in contact with the front surface feature the characteristic metallization of the front surface

Which form barriers around each gasket that touches a distinct front surface.

4. The solar module in accordance with clause 20 wherein the binder of the adhesive, Alia gall, is limited to a large extent by the locations of the back surface contact gaskets having the characteristics of the back surface metallization pattern

which form barriers around each gasket that contacts the distinct rear surface.

5. The supercell includes:

A group of silicon solar cells, each of which includes:

The front or back surfaces are oblong or rectangular in shape, defined by the long sides

0 first and second parallelepiped parallelepipeds and two short sideopposite sides» At least parts of the front surfaces are exposed to sunlight during solar cell string operation; fingers extending perpendicular to the long sides and a set of distinct contact gaskets front surface electrically to at least one of the fingers; the distinct rear surface contact gaskets of silver arranged in a row adjacent to the second long side;

0 where the silicon solar cells are arranged inline with the first and second long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and such that the corresponding distinct front surface contact gaskets and distinct back surface contact gaskets are on adjacent solar cells

aligned silicon; overlapping; Connectively linked to each other with a bonding substance

Conductive adhesive for electrically connecting silicon solar cells in series.

6). The solar module according to clause 25) where the distinct rear surface contact gaskets shall be gaskets

Silver Back Surface Contact Except for the distinct silver back surface contact gaskets, the back surface metallization pattern of each silicon solar cell does not include silver contacts at

of silicone.

7. The series of solar cells according to Paragraph 125, where the front surface metallization pattern includes:

A set of thin electrically interconnecting conductors adjacent to the front surface contact pads

0 premium; Each thin conductor is thinner than the width of the distinct contact pads measured perpendicular to the long sides of the solar cell.

8. SOLAR LAY SERIES pursuant to clause 25) wherein the binder of the conductive adhesive is largely limited by the locations of the front surface contact gaskets having a front surface metallization pattern feature forming barriers around each distinct front surface contact gasket.

5 29). solar cell series according to clause 25a; Where the binder of the conductive adhesive is largely limited by the locations of the back surface contact gaskets which have back surface metallization pattern features that form barriers around each distinct back surface contact gasket. L130 series solar cells according to clause 25 wherein the binder of the conductive adhesive has a glass transition degree of less than or equal to about 0 m.

0 31a. method of manufacturing a solar module; The method includes: rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal parts on long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped in a capped fashion;

The maturation of an electrically conductive bonding material placed between the overlapping peripheral parts of the adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells by applying heat and pressing the cells, then connecting the adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connecting them electrically in series; Arrangement and interconnection of supercells in the form of a coated solar module in a stacking of layers comprising

Envelope; Applying heat and pressure on the agglutination of the layers to form a lamellar structure. 2. The method according to Paragraph 131 includes curing or partially curing the electrically conductive binder by applying heat and pressure to supercells before applying heat and pressure to an agglutinator

0 for layers to form the lamellar structure; Then the formation of mature or super mature cells (Wis) as a direct product before the formation of the lamellar structure. 3. The method according to Cua 132 (where each additional rectangular silicon solar cell is added to the supercell during the assembly of the supercell; the electrically conductive bonding material between the re-added solar cell and its adjacent overlapping solar cell is ripened or matured

5 partly before another rectangular silicon solar cell added to the supercell. 4. The method according to clause 132 includes curing or partially curing all of the electrically conductive binder in the supercell in the same step. 5. The method according to Clause 32 includes: Partially curing the electrically conductive binder by applying heat and pressure to the ultra-high WA before

0 Apply heat and pressure to agglutinate the layers to form a lamellar structure; then the formation of partially mature supercells as a direct product prior to the formation of the lamellar structure; Completing the maturation of the electrically conductive binder while applying heat and pressure to stack the layers to form the lamellar structure.

6. The method according to Clause 31 comprises the ripening of the electrically conductive binder by applying heat and pressure to an agglutination of layers to form a lamellar structure; Without the formation of mature or partially mature supercells as a direct product prior to the formation of the lamellar structure. 7. The method according to Paragraph 131 comprises dicing one or more solar WAYs of

Silicon into rectangular shapes to provide rectangular silicon solar cells. 8. The method according to clause 37 includes applying electrically conductive adhesive tape to one or more silicon solar cells before dicing one or more silicon solar cells to provide rectangular silicon solar cells with electrically conductive sell dal band already placed.

0 39a. The method according to Paragraph 38 “includes applying electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more silicon solar cells; They then use a laser to copy one or more lines onto each one or more of the silicon solar cells; Then bisect one or more of the silicone solar LAY's along the scratched lines.

0. The method according to Paragraph 38 includes the use of a laser to copy one or more lines on a surface

5 each one or more of the silicon solar cells” and then apply the electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more of the silicon solar cells; He then bisected one or more of the silicon solar cells along the scratched lines.

1. Method according to Clause 38 sale Cus Electrically conductive adhesive bonding shall be placed on the top surface of each of one or more silicon solar cells and shall not be placed oppositely

0 bottom surface of each of one or more silicon solar cells; It involves applying vacuum pressure between the bottom surfaces of one or more silicon solar cells and an arched support surface to bend one or more silicon solar cells against the arched support surface and then slit one or more silicon solar cells along the graph lines.

2 . The method according to Clause 37 includes applying the electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to the rectangular silicon solar cells after dicing one or more of the silicon solar cells to provide the rectangular silicon solar cells. 3. The method according to paragraph 31 wherein the binder of the conductive adhesive has a vitrification temperature of less than or equal to about 0 °C. 4. Supercell manufacturing method. The method includes: laser copying one or more graph lines on each one or more silicon solar cells to identify de gene from the rectangular regions on the silicon solar cells; apply an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more scratched Silicon 0 solar cells at one or more locations adjacent to the long side of each rectangular area; Separation of the silicon solar cells along the schematic lines to provide an array of rectangular silicon solar cells each comprising an ei of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed on its front surface next to a long side; Arrangement of an array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of 5 adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped in a capped manner with a portion of electrically conductive adhesive tape Lad placed between; maturation of the electrically conductive binder; Then connect the adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connect them electrically in series. 5. Supercell manufacturing method. The method includes: 0 Laser replication of one or more graph lines on each one or more of the silicon solar WAYs to identify “de gene” rectangular regions on the silicon solar cells” each

applying an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to parts of the top surfaces of one or more silicon solar cells; Applying vacuum pressure between the bottom surfaces of one or more silicon solar cells and a Mohs support surface to bend one or more silicon solar cells against the support surface

The curved and then slit one or more of the silicon solar cells along the schematic lines to provide a group of rectangular silicon solar cells, each of which includes an eda of ribbon material Arranging a group of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with the long sides of the adjacent rectangular solar cells of silicone overlapping in a hooded manner with part of the sale tie

1 0 electrically conductive adhesive placed between ¢ and curing of the electrically conductive binder; Then connect the adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connect them electrically in series.

6. Supercell manufacturing method; The method involves: dicing one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of parallel lines

5 to a long edge of each wafer to form a de gene of rectangular silicon solar cells each having substantially the same length along its longitudinal axis; Arranging the rectangular silicon solar cells in line with the long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapping and connected conductively to each other to electrically connect the solar cells in a row;

0 where an array of rectangular silicon solar cells comprises at least one rectangular solar cell having two corresponding beveled corners on the corners or on parts of the corners of a dummy shaped wafer; one or more rectangular silicon solar cells each lacking beveled corners; And

where the spacing is selected between the parallel lines along which the pseudo-square wafer is cubed

The equation for the beveled corners is that the width is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the solar cells

Rectangular silicone molding that has beveled corners that are larger than the width perpendicular to

longitudinal axis of rectangular silicon solar cells that lack beveled corners;

So that each of an array of rectangular silicon solar cells in series for solar cells

It has a front surface with substantially the same amount of light exposure in the WAY series solar operation.

7. The supercell includes:

An array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal parts of the cells

Adjacent solar panels interlocking and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect 0 solar cells in series;

Where at least one of the silicon solar cells have beveled corners that correspond

The corners or parts of corners of a square pseudo-silicon wafer from which it has been cut into

cubes” where at least one of the silicon solar cells lacks beveled corners;

Each of the silicon solar cells has substantially the same front surface area exposed to light during solar cell series operation.

8. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TWO OR MORE SUPER WAY. The method includes:

Cubes one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of parallel lines

to a long edge of each wafer to form a first array of rectangular silicon solar cells

Comprising beveled corners corresponding to the corners or portions of the corners are pseudo-shape 0 square silicon wafers and a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells each of which has the length of a first

It covers the entire width of the pseudo-square silicone wafers and lacks beveled corners;

Remove the beveled corners from each of the first array of rectangular silicon solar cells

to form a third array of rectangular silicon solar cells each with a second length shorter than

first length and lacking chamfered corners;

Arranging a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series to form a solar cell chain that has a width equal to the length of the first ; And

Arrangement of a third set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other for electrical connection a third set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series to form a solar cell chain that has a width equal to the second length .

149 Methods for making two or more supercells; The method includes:

0 cubes one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells comprising beveled corners corresponding to the corners or parts of the corners of the pseudo-quartz silicon wafers and a second set of solar cells Silicone rectangles lack beveled corners;

5 Arrange a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells electrically in series; Arrange a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with the long sides

From adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively connected to each other for electrical connection, a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series.

150. Solar unit includes:

Average breakdown voltage greater than about 10 V Solar cells assembled in one or more supercells each comprising two or more solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other with adhesive electrically and thermally conductive;

Cua solar cell or a single group of > WIA N solar in series solar cells are not electrically connected individually in parallel with a branching diode. L151 solar module Tg of 50a; where not greater than or equal to 30.2 a. solar module in accordance with clause 50a; N Gus is greater than or equal to 50.

0 53 a. solar module in accordance with clause 50a; where not greater than or equal to 100. 4 a. solar module in accordance with clause 50a; Where the adhesive forms bonds between adjacent solar cells having a thickness perpendicular to the solar cell less than or equal to about 0.1 mm and a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cell greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/m/k. 5a. The solar module according to Clause 50a » where N solar cells are assembled into a super cell

5 one. 6 a. solar module in accordance with clause 50a; The WIA solar cells are silicon solar cells. A 57 solar module comprising: the supercell that covers substantially the entire length or width of the solar module in parallel with Bla

0 solar module; The supercell comprises a series connected WIA N rectangular or more or less rectangular solar panel having on average a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts ordered

In-line with long sides of adjacent solar cells interlaced and conductively connected to each other with an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive; Where a solar cell or a single group of <N solar cells in a supercell is not electrically connected individually in parallel with a branching diode. 58 1. The solar module in accordance with Paragraph 57a; Gua No > 24. 9 a. solar module in accordance with clause 57a; Where the supercell has a length in the direction of current flow of at least about 500 mm. 0 a. The super cell includes: an array of silicon solar cells, each containing:

1 0 front or back surfaces of rectangular or rectangular shape to an extent defined by the first and second long parallel sides set opposite each other and two short sides set oppositely; At least parts of the front surfaces are exposed to sunlight while the solar cell series is in operation;

5 at least one front deck placed adjacent to the first long side; and at least one rear deck placed adjacent to the second long side; Where the silicon solar cells are arranged in line with the first and second long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and so that the gaskets are in contact with the surface

0 front and back on adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively connected to each other with a conductive adhesive binder to electrically connect the silicon solar cells respectively; And

Wherein the metallization pattern of the front surface of each silicon solar cell comprises a barrier primed to largely determine the conductive adhesive binder of at least one front surface contact gasket prior to maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication. 1 a. The supercell according to clause 60a » where for each pair of overlapping and adjacent silicon solar cells; The diaphragm on the front surface of one silicon solar cell is an overlapping and discreet gia of another silicon solar cell; It then largely determines the conductive adhesive binder for the overlapping regions of the front surface of the silicon solar cell prior to the maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication. 62a. the supercell according to clause 60a » where the bulkhead comprises a continuous conductive line extending 0 parallel to and for the full length so far as the first long side; With at least one front surface contact gasket present between the continuous conductive line and the first long side of the solar cell. 3a. the supercell in accordance with clause 62a; Wherein the front surface metallization pattern comprises electrically connected fingers of two gaskets contacting at least one front surface and extending vertically on the first 5 long side; and a continuous conductive line electrically interconnected to the fingers to provide several conductive paths from each finger of the pads in contact with at least one front surface. 4A. supercell in accordance with 60a; wherein the front surface metallization pattern comprises a set of distinct contact gaskets arranged in a row adjacent to and parallel to the first long side; The barrier includes a set of attributes that form separate barriers for each distinct contact gasket that 0 largely determines the binder of the conductive adhesive to the distinct contact gaskets prior to the maturation of the binder of the conductive adhesive during supercell fabrication. 5a. supercell in accordance with 64a; Separate baffles buttress and are longer than their corresponding premium contact gaskets. 6 a. The supercell includes:

A group of silicon solar cells, each of which includes:

The front or back surfaces are oblong or rectangular in shape, defined by the long sides

The first and second parallelepipeds placed opposite each other and two short sides placed asymmetrically

opposite » at least parts of the front surfaces are exposed to sunlight during the operation of the solar cell series;

at least one front surface placed adjacent to the first long side; And

at least one rear deck placed adjacent to the second long side;

0 where the silicon solar cells are arranged in the same line with the first and second long sides of the adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and so that the front and back surface contact gaskets are on the adjacent overlapping silicon solar cells and connected conductively to each other with a bonding material for a conductive adhesive to connect the cells solar electrolytic silicon in a row; And

5 wherein the pattern of metallizing the back surface of each silicon solar cell includes a barrier prepared to substantially limit the conductive adhesive binder to at least one back surface contact gaskets prior to maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication.

7a. the supercell in accordance with 66a; wherein the back surface metallurgy pattern comprises one or more distinct contact gaskets arranged in a row adjacent to and parallel to the second long side;

0 The barrier included a set of features forming separate barriers for each distinct contact gasket that largely determined the conductive-adhesive binder to the distinct contact gaskets prior to the maturation of the conductive-adhesive binder during supercell fabrication.

68a. supercell in accordance with 67a; Where separate baffles butt and are longer than gaskets

corresponding distinct contacts.

9a. The manufacturing method is a series of solar cells; The method includes:

cube one or more pseudo square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form an array of rectangular silicon solar cells that is

Each is substantially the same length along its longitudinal axis; And

Arrange the rectangular silicon solar cells in line with the long sides of the solar cells

interconnected and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the solar cells

respectively;

0 where an array of rectangular silicon solar cells comprises at least one rectangular solar cell having two corresponding beveled corners or on shal corners of a sham-shaped pseudo-wafer; one or more rectangular silicon solar cells each lacking beveled corners; And where the spacing is selected between the parallel lines along which the pseudo-square wafer is cubed.

5- For an equation for beveled corners, the width perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of rectangular silicon solar cells that include beveled corners is greater than the width perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of rectangular silicon solar cells that lack beveled corners; So that each of the array of rectangular silicon solar cells in the series of solar cells has a front surface area of largely the same exposure to light in the operation of the WAY series solar.

0 70 a. A series of solar cells comprising: a group of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal parts of adjacent solar cells overlapped and junctionally connected to each other to electrically connect the solar cells in series;

where at least one of the silicon solar cells has beveled corners that correspond to the corners or parts of the corners from a pseudo-square silicon wafer that has been cut into cubes; where at least one of the silicon solar cells lacks beveled corners; Both silicon solar cells have a front surface area of substantially the same exposed area

of light during the operation of the solar cell series. 1 a. a method of manufacturing two or more strings of solar cells; The method includes: dicing one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form a first array of rectangular silicon solar cells having beveled corners corresponding to the corners or portions of the corners.

0 pseudo-form and a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells each having a first length covering the entire width of the pseudo-square silicon wafers and lacking chamfered corners; removing beveled corners from each of a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells to create a third set of rectangular silicon solar cells each with a second length shorter than the first and lacking chamfered corners;

5 Arrange a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect a second set of WAY rectangular silicon solar cells in series to form a solar cell chain that has width equal to the first length; The JAG array of rectangular silicon solar cells are arranged in line with long sides

From adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively connected to each other for electrical connection, a third set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series to form a solar cell chain that has a width equal to the second length.

2a. a method of manufacturing two or more strings of solar cells; The method includes:

Cube one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells comprising the corresponding beveled corners of the corners or parts of the corners of the pseudo-quartz silicon wafers and a second set of rectangular solar cells The silicone lacks corners

beveled; arrange a first array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect a first array of WAY rectangular silicon solar cells in series; And

0 Arrange a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series.

3a. method of manufacturing a solar module »; The method includes:

5 Cube each of a group of pseudo-matrix silicon wafers along a series of lines parallel to a long edge of the wafer to form from a group of pseudo-matrix silicon wafers an array of rectangular silicon solar cells having the corresponding beveled corners pseudo-silicon wafers and a group Rectangular silicon solar cells lack beveled corners;

0 Arrangement of at least some rectangular silicon solar cells lacking beveled corners to form a first set of supercells each comprising only rectangular silicon solar cells lacking beveled corners arranged in line with long sides of silicon solar cells overlapped and closely connected Connecting to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series;

Arrangement of at least some rectangular silicon solar cells comprising the beveled corners to form a second set of supercells each comprising only the rectangular silicon solar cells comprising the beveled corners arranged in line with the long sides of the silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect silicon solar cells in series; And

Arrangement of supercells in parallel rows of supercells of length equal to a large extent to form a front surface of the solar module so that each row of supercells includes from a first group of supercells or only supercells from a second group of supercells. 4A. solar module in accordance with clause 73 1; It includes two adjacent super LIAN rows

0 to opposite parallel edges of the solar module only supercells from a second set of supercells. All other parallel supercell rows of the solar module contain only supercells from a first set of supercells. 5a. solar module in accordance with clause 74a; where the solar module includes (Jaa) six rows of supercells.

5 76 1. The supercell includes: a group of silicon solar cells arranged in line in the first direction with the terminal parts of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; An electrical interface Oe is elongated with its longitudinal axis oriented parallel to the direction ob perpendicular

0 in the first direction attached conductively to a front or back surface of a terminal one silicon solar cell at three or more separate positions arranged along the length of the second direction and running at least the entire width of the terminal solar cell in the second direction; having a conductive sheath of less than or equal to about 100 µm measured vertically on the front or back surface of the silicon terminal solar cell; Provides resistance to current flow in the second direction of less than or equal to about 0.012

ohms It is prepared to provide flexibility that accommodates the differential expansion in the second direction between the terminal silicon solar cell and the interconnection for a temperature range ranging from about -40 C to about 85 C. 7 the supercell in accordance with 76a; Wherein the clad has a conductor less than or equal to about 30 microns measured vertically on the front and back surfaces of the silicon terminal solar cell. 8. Supercell Gag of Paragraph 76 Gus The flexible electrical interconnection extends beyond the supercell in the second direction to provide electrical interconnection to at least a second supercell placed parallel J and adjacent to the supercell in a solar module. 9. the supercell according to clause 76a; The elastic electrical interconnection extends beyond the 0 supercell in the first direction to provide an electrical interconnection to a second supercell placed parallel to and in line with the supercell in a solar module. i80. A solar module comprising: a group of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows covering the width of the module to form a front surface of the module; Each supercell comprises an array of 5 silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal parts of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; Where at least the terminal of a first supercell adjacent to the edge of the unit in a first row is electrically connected to the terminal of a second supercell adjacent to the same edge of the unit in the OB row by means of a flexible electrical interconnection 0 attached to the front surface of the first supercell at a set of locations separated by a binding material Electrically conductive adhesive. running parallel to the edge of the unit; ong at least of which folds around the end of a first supercell and is obscured from view from the front of the unit.

1). The solar module is in accordance with Baill 180 where the electrical interconnection surfaces are covered or painted

Flex on the front surface of the unit to reduce visual contrast with supercells.

182 solar modules in accordance with 80a; where two or more parallel rows of cells

The superstructures are arranged on a white backing sheet to form a front surface of the solar module that is required to be illuminated by solar radiation during the operation of the solar module; The white backing chip includes chips

Parallel rows have places and width values corresponding to places and width values for spaces between parallel rows

Super WAY; The white parts of the background chips are not adige through the spaces between

the classes.

L183 Solar Cell Series Manufacturing Method; The method includes:

0 Laser copying of one or more graph lines on each one or more of the silicon solar WAYs to identify de gene from rectangular regions on the silicon solar cells; apply an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more scratched silicon solar cells at one or more locations adjacent to the long side of each rectangular area; Separate the silicon solar cells along the graph lines to provide an array of solar cells

5 silicone rectangles each comprising eh of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed on its front surface next to a long side; Arrangement of an array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped in a hooded manner with a portion of the electrically conductive adhesive sold between; And

0 Ripening of the electrically conductive binder” and then connecting the adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connecting them electrically in series.

184 Manufacturing method Series of solar cells; The method includes:

Laser copying of one or more graph lines on each one or more of the silicon solar cells to identify “de gene” from the rectangular areas on the silicon solar cells” Each application of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to portions of the top surfaces of one or more of the cells silicon solar panels;

Applying vacuum pressure between the bottom surfaces of one or more silicon solar cells and a Mohs support surface to bend one or more silicon solar cells against the arched support surface and then slit one or more silicon solar cells along the graph lines to provide an array of rectangular solar cells of silicon each including an eda of a ribbon material Arranging a group of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped in a roofing manner with a part of sale electrically conductive adhesive bonding placed Lad between; maturation of the electrically conductive binder; Then connect the adjacent overlapping rectangular solar cells

5 of silicon together (and) and electrically connected in series. L185 The method according to Clause 184 “involves applying an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more silicon solar cells; This is the laser copying of one or more graph lines on each one or more silicon solar cells. L186 Method according to Clause 84) includes laser copying of one or more graph lines

0 on each one or more silicon solar cells” dang this by applying electrically conductive adhesive tape to one or AST of silicon solar cells. Lol Khalifa includes: 1[b 0] device includes:

Series connected in series of at least 25 solar cells connected in parallel by a common branching diode; each solar cell having a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 V and an array in a supercell comprising solar cells arranged by long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded with a material adhesive. 2b. A device according to 1[b where N is greater than or equal to 30. 3b. Device Ty of 1b where N is greater than or equal to 50. To like. device according to all 1[b where not greater than or equal to 100. kb. A device according to paragraph i] wherein the adhesive has a thickness of less than or equal to about 0.1 cae and a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/m/k. 0 kb. A device in accordance with 1[b] in which no solar cells are assembled into a single supercell. 7b. A device according to salt 1[b] in which the solar cells are not grouped into a supercell array on the same back surface. 8b. A device according to 1b wherein the solar cells are silicon solar cells. 9b. A device according to paragraph al in which the supercell has a length in the direction of current flow of at least 5 about 500 mm. 0b. A device according to 1b wherein the solar cell has a feature configured to determine the diffusion of the adhesive. 1b. A device according to 10b where the attribute includes dan is raised. 2b. A device according to 10b where the feature includes metallurgy.

3b. a device according to § 12b wherein the metallurgy comprises a line running the full length of the first long side; The apparatus also includes at least one contact gasket located between the line and the first long side. 4b. Apparatus according to SAL 13b wherein: the metallization furthermore comprises fingers electrically connected to at least one contact gasket extending perpendicularly to the first long side; And interconnections of the connecting line of the fingers. 5b. A device according to clause 10b wherein the feature is on the front side of the solar cell. 6b. A device according to G10 where the label is on the back side of the solar cell. 0 17b. A device according to 10b where the feature includes a recessed feature. 8b. Device according to SAL 010 in which the feature is masked by the solar cell adjacent to the supercell. 9b. a device according to the il gap in which the first solar cell of the supercell has chamfered corners and the second solar cell of the supercell lacks the chamfered corners; The first solar cell and the second 5 1 solar cell have the same area exposed to light. 0b. A device of accordance with clause Gl comprising also a flexible electrical interconnection having the longitudinal axis parallel to a second direction perpendicular to the first; The flexible electrical interconnect is conductively attached to the surface of the solar cell and accommodates the thermal expansion of the solar cell in two dimensions. 1b. A device of accordance with clause 20b wherein the flexible electrical interconnection has a thickness less than or equal to 0 of about 100 microns to provide a resistance of less than or equal to about 0.012 Ohm. 2b. An apparatus of § 20b wherein the deck includes a rear deck.

3b. A device of accordance with § 20b in which the elastic electrical interconnection is in contact with another supercell.

4b. A device according to sald 23b wherein the other supercell is in consistency with the supercell.

5b. A device according to clause 23b wherein the other supercell is adjacent to the supercell.

6 cups. A device according to SAL 20b where a first of the interconnection flexes around an edge of the supercell

where ga is the second remaining interconnect on a posterior side of the supercell.

7b. A device according to sll 20b in which the flexible electrical interconnect is electrically connected to

Diode bypass valve.

8b. A device according to i] in which a group of supercells is arranged in two or more

Parallel rows on a back wafer to form a front surface sunshade Bang; wherein the background sheet 0 is white and includes opaque slices of the location and width corresponding to the spaces between the supercells.

9b. A device according to 1b in which the supercell comprises at least one pair of chains

The cell connected to the power management system.

0b. A device of accordance with paragraph 1[b] also comprising a power management device in electrical contact with the cell

supercell ready “J 5” receive output voltage of the supercell;

based on voltage; Determine if the solar cell is in reverse tilt; And

Separation of the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the super cell unit circuit.

1b. A device according to 1b in which the supercell is placed on a back surface Jol to form a unit

A first has a top conductive strip on the first side facing the solar direction; Device 0 also includes:

another supercell placed on a second posterior surface to form a second sang having an inferior band on a second side facing away from the solar direction; Where the second unit overlaps and is attached to a part of the first unit that includes the upper bar. 2b. A device according to Paragraph 31B where the second unit is attached to the first unit with an adhesive. 33b. A device according to sll 31b where the second unit is linked to the first unit with a compatibility device. 4b. An apparatus in accordance with paragraph 31b also comprising a junction box telescopic by the second unit. 5b. A device according to all 34b where the second unit is linked to the first unit with a matching device. 6b. A device according to Clause 35B whereby the compatibility device is between the junction box and another junction box on the second unit. 0 37b. Device By for 31b where the first back surface includes glass. 8b. A device according to gall 31b in which the first back surface comprises a material other than glass. 9b. A device according to clause 1b wherein the solar cell comprises a cut with a beveled part of a larger piece. 0b. Apparatus in accordance with § 39b cus The supercell further includes a GAT solar cell 5 having a beveled oa; Where the long side of the solar cell is in electrical contact with the long side of the other solar cell that has a similar length. 1 c. Method comprising: Supercell configuration comprising series continuum of NJ >25 solar cells on the same back surface; Each solar cell has a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 V0 and is arranged in long strands of adjacent solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded with adhesive; And

Connect each supercell at most to a single 2c branching diode. method according to clause 1C1 where it is not greater than or equal to 30. 3C. method according to clause 1C1 where it is not greater than or equal to 50. 4C. method according to clause 1C1 where it is not greater than or equal to 100. 5C1. a method according to § 1C1 where the adhesive has a thickness of less than or equal to about 0.1 mm; It has a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/m/k. 6 c. Method according to § 1c1 where the solar cells are silicon solar cells. 7 c. A method according to SAL 1c1 in which the supercell has a length in the direction of current flow of at least about 500 mm.

0 8c1. a method according to § 1c1 wherein a first solar cell of a supercell has chamfered corners and a second solar cell of a supercell lacks chamfered corners; And the first solar cell and cell 9c. A method in accordance with § 1c1 also includes the determination of the spread of the adhesive using a feature on

5 10c1. A method according to § 179 where the tag includes a superscript tag. 1 c. Method according to § 179 where the feature includes metallurgy. 2c. A method according to § 11c1 where metallization includes a line extending the entire length of the first long side and at least one contact gasket present between the line and the first long side. 3c. method according to clause 1212 where:

0 metallization furthermore includes a glial electrically connected to at least one contact gasket and extending perpendicularly to the first long side; And

Interconnections of the conductive line of the fingers. 4c. method according to § 9c1 wherein the feature is on the front side of the solar cell. 5 c. Method according to 9c1 where the feature is on the back side of the solar cell. 1216 method according to 9C1 where the notch includes a hollow notch. 17c1. A method according to Clause 9c1 where the feature is hidden by the solar cell adjacent to the cell

superlative. 8 c. Gg's method of § 1c1 also involves the formation of another supercell on the same posterior surface. 9 c. A method according to Paragraph 1C1 also includes:

0 conductively attached to the surface of the solar cell; A flexible electrical interconnect having the longitudinal axis parallel to a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; And making the flexible electrical interconnection accommodate the thermal expansion of the solar cell in two dimensions 1220 ways according to sill 19c1 where the flexible electrical interconnection has a thickness of less than or equal to about 100 microns to provide a resistance of less than or equal to about 0.012 ohms.

5 21c1. Method according to § 19c1 where the surface includes a back surface. 2c. A method according to sll 19c1 also includes the contact of another supercell with elastic interconnection (Ales). 3c. A method according to sll 22c1 wherein the other supercell is in alignment with the supercell. 4c. The other supercell is adjacent to the supercell.

0 25 EGP 1. A method according to § 19c1 also comprising folding a first part of the interconnection around an edge of the supercell with the remaining second interconnection part on a posterior side of the supercell.

6 c. Method according to sll 19c1 also includes electrically connecting the flexible electrical interconnect to a branching diode. 7 c. A method according to Clause 1c1 further comprising: the arrangement of a group of supercells in two or more parallel rows on the same rear surface to form a front surface solar unit”; The backing is white and has chips

Opaque to the location and width corresponding to the supercell intercellular spaces. 8 c. A method according to § 1c1 also includes the connection of at least one pair of cell duds to the power management system. 9 c. A method according to Paragraph 1C1 also includes:

0 Electrically connect the power management device with the supercell; make the power management device receive super cell output voltage; based on voltage»; Make the power management device determine whether the solar cell is in reverse tilt; And make the power management device disconnect the solar cell in reverse tilt from the 0c supercell unit circuit. A method according to § 1c1 in which the supercell is placed on the back surface of the Sang Formation

5 first has Jays top conductor on first side facing solar direction; The method also includes: placing another super cell on the back surface of the AT to form a second unit with a lower band on a second side facing a direction away from the direction of the solar energy; Where the second unit overlaps and is attached to a part of the first unit that includes the upper bar.

0 31 J1. A method according to Clause 30C1 whereby the second unit is attached to the first unit with an adhesive. 2c. A method according to Clause 30C1 whereby the second unit is linked to the first unit with a matching device.

3c1.0 method according to § 30c1 also includes the overlapping of a junction box with the second unit. 4c. A method according to Paragraph 33C1 whereby the second unit is linked to the first unit with a matching device. 5 c. A method according to Sal 34c 1 Cus The compatibility device is between the junction box and another junction box on the second unit. 36 c 1. Method according to gall 30c1 in which the back surface includes glass.

7. A method according to § 30C1 wherein the back surface includes a gal material other than glass. 8 c. A method according to sill 30c1 also includes: electrically connecting a relay switch in series between the first unit and the second unit; 1st unit output voltage sensing by means of a controller; And

0 1 Operation of the d relay switch with a control device where the output voltage drops below the limit. 9 c. A method according to Clause 1c1 wherein the solar cell comprises a cut with a beveled part of a larger piece. 0 c. A method according to § 39c1 wherein the supercell configuration involves placing the long side of the solar cell in electrical contact with the long side of the same length as another solar cell having a

5 beveled. 2z1 device comprising: a solar module comprising a front surface comprising a series-connected first string of at least 9 solar cells assembled in a long Colgan-order supercell of adjacent solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded with adhesive; And

0 stripe connector electrically connected to a rear surface contact of the first supercell to provide a discreet outlet to an electrical component.

2c. Device according to all 1c2 wherein the electrical component comprises a relief diode. 3c. A device according to 2C2 where the branching diode is located on the back surface of the solar module. 22 . A device according to Clause 23 where the Sul valve is located outside a junction box.

5c2. A device in accordance with 4c2 Cus The junction box has a single terminal. 6 c. A device according to 3c2 whereby the branching diode is placed near the edge of the solar module. 7 c. Device according to sll 272 in which the branching diode is enclosed in a lamellar structure. 8 c. Device according to sell 7c2 in which the first supercell is encapsulated within the lamellar structure.

0 9c2. A device according to 2C2 in which the branching diode is placed around the circumference of the solar module. 0 c. an apparatus of accordance with 1c2 wherein the electrical component comprises a unit terminal; junction box Power Management System Smart Switch Relay “Voltage Sensing Control Means Central Transformer 86/00 Accurate Transformer” or 86/00 Unit Power Enhancer. 1 c. A device according to 1C1 where the electrical component is located on the back surface of the solar module.

5 12c2. A device according to clause 1c1 wherein the solar unit furthermore comprises a second series in series of at least 19 solar cells assembled in a second supercell having a first terminal electrically connected in series to the first supercell.

2713 device according to yall 12c2 wherein the second supercell is interleaved and electrically connected in series to the first supercell by a conductive adhesive. 0 14c2. Sa according to Paragraph 12C2 where the back surface contact is located away from the first end.

2715 A device according to 12C2 also includes a flexible interconnection between the first terminal and the first super cell. 2216 device according to clause 15C2 where the flexible interconnection Lad extends beyond the lateral edges LA the first and second supercells to electrically connect the first and second supercells in parallel with another supercell.

7. A device according to 1C2 where the adhesive has a thickness of less than or equal to about 0.1 mm; It has a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/m/k. 8 c. A device according to Clause 1c2 where the solar cells are silicon solar cells having a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts.

0 19c2. A device of accordance with 1c2 in which the first supercell has a length in the downstream direction of at least about 500 mm. 0 c. A device according to clause 1C2 wherein the solar cell of the first supercell includes a feature configured to determine the diffusion of the adhesive material. 1 c. A device according to Paragraph 20C2 where the tag includes a raised tag.

5 22 c2. A device according to Paragraph 21C2 where the feature includes metallurgy. 2723 apparatus according to § 22C2 where the metallurgy includes a conductive line extending the full length of the first long side; The device also includes at least one contact gasket located between Lal and the first long side. 4. A device according to Paragraph 23C2 where:

0 metallization furthermore includes a glial electrically connected to at least one contact gasket and extending perpendicularly to the first long side; And interconnections of the connecting line of the fingers.

5 c. A device according to Clause 20C2 where the feature is on the front side of the solar cell. 6. A device according to Clause 20C2 where the feature is on the back side of the solar cell. 7. A device according to Clause 20c2 wherein the feature includes a hollow daw. 8 c. Device Gg of §20c2 where the feature is masked by the solar cell adjacent to the first supercell. 9. A device according to clause 1c2 wherein the first superior Lal solar cell has a beveled a. 0 c. A device according to clause 29c2 in which the first supercell additionally includes another solar cell having a beveled ola; Where the long side of the solar cell is in electrical 0 contact with the long side of the other solar cell that has a similar length. 1. A device according to clause 29c2 wherein the first supercell additionally includes another solar cell lacking chamfered corners; The solar cell and the other solar cell have the same area exposed to light. 2. A device according to clause 1c2 wherein: 5 the first supercell is arranged with a second supercell in parallel rows on a front surface back wafer; The back sheet is white and includes opaque bands of the location and width corresponding to the spaces between the first supercell and the second supercell. 3c. A device according to spall 1c2 wherein the first supercell comprises at least one pair of cell chains connected to the power management system. 4. The device sll Wy 1c2 further comprises the power management device in electrical contact with the first supercell and is equipped to;

receiving output voltage of the first supercell; based on voltage; Determine whether the solar cell of the first supercell is in reverse tilt; Separation of the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the supercell unit circuit. 5 c. A device according to clause 34C2 where the power management device includes a relay. 36 c 2. sll Wy 221 where the first supercell is placed on a first rear surface to form

The unit has a top conductor hook on the first side facing the solar direction; The device further comprises: another supercell placed on a second rear surface to form a different sang having a lower band on a second side facing away from the solar direction;

0 where the different unit overlaps and is attached to a part of the unit that includes the top bar. 7. A device according to Paragraph 36C2 whereby the different unit is attached to the unit with an adhesive material. 8 c. Device according to yall 36c2 cus The different unit is connected to the unit with a matching device. 0 29 A device according to clause 26 also includes a junction box interlocked by the different unit.

5 40 c2. Device According to 39C2Cus, the different module is connected to the module with a matching equipment between the junction box and another junction box on a different solar module. 1c3. Apparatus comprising: a first supercell mounted on a front surface solar module comprising an array of solar cells; Each has a breakdown voltage of

0 is greater than about 10 volts;

A first strip conductor electrically connected to a rear surface contact of the first supercell to provide a discreet first outlet to an electrical component; A second supercell is placed on the solar module front surface and includes an array of solar cells; Each has a breakdown voltage of more than about 10 volts; A second tape conductor is electrically connected to a rear surface contact of the second supercell to provide a second discreet socket. 2c. A device according to 1C3 where the electrical component comprises a relief diode. 3c. Device according to sll 2c3 in which the branching diode is located on the back surface of a solar module.

0 4c3. A device according to sll 3c3 where the branching diode is located outside a junction box. 5 c. A device according to Clause 4C3 wherein the junction box comprises a single terminal. 6 c. A device according to § 3c3 whereby the bus diode is located close to the edge of unit A & 5.

7 c. A device according to § 322 in which the bypass diode is enclosed in a lamellar structure.

5 8c3. ly apparatus of vertebra 7c3 in which the first supercell is encapsulated within the lamellar structure. 9 c. A device according to 8c3 whereby the branching diode is placed around the perimeter of a solar module. 0 c. A device of accordance with 1C3 in which the first supercell is connected in series with a second supercell. 1 c. ly device of 10c3 cus:

0 The first supercell and the second supercell form a first pair; And

The apparatus furthermore comprises two additional extruding cells in a second pair connected in parallel to a first pair. 3212 A device in accordance with 10C3 where the second discreet outlet is connected to the electrical component. 13c3. Device according to all 12c3 wherein the electrical component comprises a relief diode.

4c. A device according to clause 13c3 wherein the first supercell comprises not less than 19 solar LALs. 5 c. A device according to jal 12c3 where the electrical component includes the power management system. 6 c. A device according to 1C3 where the electrical component includes a switch.

0 17c3. The gall Wy 16G3 also includes a voltage sensing control in contact with a switch. 8 c. A device according to 16C3 where the switch is in contact with a central transformer. 9 c. a device according to clause 1c3 wherein the electrical component comprises a lee power management device for receiving output voltage of the first supercell;

based on voltage; Determine whether the solar cell of the first supercell is in the reverse tilt; f Separation of the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the supercell unit circuit. 0. Device Ty of paragraph 1 where the electrical component includes a transformer. 1 c. A device according to paragraph 20C3, where the transformer includes an 86/06 microtransformer. 2c. A device in accordance with SAL 1C3 where the electrical component comprises a solar module terminal.

3c. A device according to clause 3222 where the terminal of the solar module is a single terminal of the solar module inside a junction box. 4h. A device according to 1C3 where the electrical component is located on the rear surface of a solar module. 5 c. A device according to § 1c3 in which the rear surface contact is located away from one end of the first supercell overlapping the second supercell. 6 c. A device according to sll 1c3 in which the first supercell has a length downstream of at least about 500 mm. 7h. A device according to clause 1c3 wherein the solar cell of the first supercell comprises a feature configured to determine the diffusion of the sticky material. 0 28 c3. lea according to clause 27c3 where the tag includes a superscript tag. 3229 ly device of 28C3 where the attribute includes metallicity. 3230. A device according to paragraph 37 where the feature includes a hollow feature. 3231 device according to § 3227 where the label is on the back side of the solar cell. 2c. A device according to § 27C3 where the feature is hidden by the solar cell adjacent to cell 5 of the first flask. 3c. A device according to clause 1c3 wherein the solar cell of the first supercell comprises a beveled a. 4 c. A device according to clause 33c3 in which the first supercell additionally includes another solar cell having a beveled ola; Where the long side of the solar cell is in electrical 0 contact with the long side of the other solar cell that has a similar length.

5 c. a device according to § 33c3 wherein the first supercell additionally includes another solar cell lacking chamfered corners; The solar cell and the other solar cell have the same area exposed to light. 6 c. A device according to § 1C3 wherein: the first supercell is arranged with a second supercell in parallel rows on a surface-back wafer

In front of me; The back sheet is white and includes opaque bands of the location and width corresponding to the spaces between the first supercell and the second supercell. 3737 device according to § 321 where the first super cell is placed on the first rear surface to form

1 0 0 unit has an upper conductor days on a front surface of the unit facing the direction of the solar energy. The device also includes: a super cell, JG, placed on a second back surface to form a different unit that has a lower band on a second side facing a direction away from the direction of the solar energy; Cus The different module overlaps and is attached to the part of the module that includes the top bar.

5 38 c3. A device according to paragraph 37C3 whereby the different unit is attached to the unit with an adhesive material. 0 3z39 A device according to clause 37 also includes a junction box interlocked by the different unit. 0 c. A device according to Paragraph 39C3 where the different unit is connected to the unit with a matching device between the junction box and another junction box on the different unit.

0 1c4. Device includes:

A solar module comprising a front surface incorporating a series connected first string of solar cells arrayed in a first supercell arranged with sides amounting to adjacent solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded with adhesive; The solar cell surface characteristic is adapted to identify the adhesive. 2c4. A device according to Clause 1C4 where the surface feature of the solar cell includes a hollow feature.

3c. A device according to Clause 1C4 where the surface feature of the solar cell includes a raised feature. 4c. A device according to clause 3c4 in which the raised feature is on the front surface of the solar cell. 5c4. A device according to Clause 4C4 wherein the filed feature includes a metal pattern. 6 c. A device according to 5c4 wherein the metallization pattern comprises a conductive line extending parallel to and to an extent

0 is far along the long side of the solar cell. 7 c. An apparatus of accordance with 6c4 also comprising a contact gasket between the conductive line and the long side. 8 c. A device according to clause 7c4 wherein: a pattern of metal that furthermore includes a set of fingers; f

5 The conductive line electrically interconnected to the fingers to provide several conductive paths from each finger to the contact pad. 9 c. The Wy device of 7c4 also comprises a set of distinct contact pads arranged in a row adjacent to and parallel to the long side; Metallization pattern Configuration of a set of separate baffles to limit the non-marring material to the discrete contact gaskets.

0 10c4. Apparatus in accordance with § 8c4 Cus A set of separate baffles butting the corresponding discrete contact gaskets.

1 c. Apparatus in accordance with yall 8c4 Cun A set of discrete baffles is longer than the corresponding discrete contact gaskets. 2c. A device according to Clause 1C4 where the surface feature of the solar cell is not visible by overlapping one side of another solar cell.

13c4. A device according to clause 12C4 wherein the other solar cell is part of the supercell. 4c. A device according to clause 12c4 wherein the other solar cell is ein from another supercell. 5 c. Device according to sll 3c4 Cun The raised feature is on the back surface of the solar cell. 6 pilgrimage. Wy device of 15c4 where the filed attribute includes a metal pattern.

7. A device according to clause 16c4 wherein the metallization pattern forms a set of separate barriers to limit 0 1 material, Jaan to a set of distinct contact gaskets located on a front surface of another solar cell overlapped by the solar cell. 8 c. Apparatus according to SAL 17C4 Cus A set of separate baffles butting the corresponding discrete contact gaskets. 9 c. Wy device of 17C4 Cun A set of separate baffles is longer than the corresponding distinct contact gaskets. 0 c. Wy device for 1c1 where every supercell solar cell has a breakdown voltage of 0 volts or greater. 1 c. A device according to sll 1c1 in which the supercell has a length in the direction of current flow of at least about 500 mm. 0 22c4. A device according to clause 1c1 wherein the solar cell of the supercell has a beveled ga.

3c. a device according to clause 22c4 wherein the supercell additionally includes another solar cell having a beveled gia; And where the long side of the solar cell is in electrical contact with the long side of the other solar cell that has a similar length. 4c. a device according to § 22C4 wherein the supercell additionally includes another solar cell lacking chamfered corners; The solar cell and the other solar cell have the same area exposed to light. 5 c. A device according to Clause 1C4 in which the supercell is a dye with a second supercell on a front surface and a first back surface wafer to form a first unit. 6 c. Apparatus according to yall 25c4 wherein the back wafer is white and includes opaque bands 0 for the position and width corresponding to the spaces between the supercell and the second supercell. 7 pilgrimage. Gy apparatus of § 25C4 wherein the first unit shall have a top conductive strip on the first unit a front surface facing the direction of the solar energy; The device also includes: a third supercell placed on a second rear surface to form a second module with lower days on the side of a second module facing away from solar energy; and 5 where the second unit overlaps and is attached to a part of the first unit which includes the upper bar. 8 c. A device according to paragraph 27C4 where the second unit is attached to the first unit with an adhesive material. 9 c. A device according to clause 427 also comprising a junction box telescopic by the second unit. 0 c. A device according to sll 29c4 where the second unit is linked to the first unit with a matching equipment between the junction box and the AT junction box on the second unit. 1 3 c. A device according to paragraph 49, where the junction box contains one terminal unit. 2c. A device according to paragraph 27C4 that also includes a switch between the first unit and the second unit.

3c. The Wy device of § 32C4 further comprises a voltage sensing control in contact with a switch. 4. A device according to Clause 27C4 where the supercell includes no less than nineteen solar cells connected separately electrically in parallel with a single branching diode. 35 c 4. A device according to § 34C4 in which a single bypass diode is placed near the edge of a first unit. 6 c. A device according to § 34C4 in which the single bypass diode is enclosed in a lamellar structure. 7h. ly apparatus of vertebra 36c4 in which the supercell is encapsulated within the lamellar structure. 8 c. A device according to § 34C4 in which the single branch diode is placed around the perimeter of the Je 0 9C unit. A device in accordance with 25c4 Cus supercell and supercell II comprising a separately connected pair power management device. 0 c. a device of accordance with paragraph 25C4 also comprising a power management device designed to receive the output voltage of the supercell; based on voltage; Determine whether the solar cell of the supercell is in reverse tilt; Separation of the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the supercell unit circuit. The device comprising: A solar module comprising a front surface incorporating a series connected to a first string of silicon solar cells arrayed in a first supercell comprising a first silicon solar cell having 0 chamfered corners arranged with an overlapping side and conductively bonded with adhesive to a second solar cell of silicone.

2c. a device according to 1c5 wherein the second silicon solar cell lacks chamfered corners; Each silicon solar cell of the first supercell has substantially the same front surface area exposed to light. 3c. A device according to clause 2C5 whereby: the first silicon solar cell and the second silicon solar cell have the same length;

The width of the first silicon solar cell is greater than the width of the second silicon solar cell. 4c. Apparatus according to sill 3c5 in which the length reproduces the shape of a square pseudo-wafer.

0 5c5. dy device of 3c5 where the length is 156 mm. 526 devices in accordance with paragraph 3C5 with a length of 125 mm. 7 c. Wy device for paragraph 3c5 where the aspect ratio between the width and length of the first solar cell is between about 1:2 to about 1:20. 8 c. Device according to SAL 3c5 where the first silicon solar cell overlaps with the cell

5 second solar panels of silicon between about 1 mm thick to about then. 9 c. A device according to spall 3c5 wherein the first supercell comprises at least nineteen silicon solar cells each having a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts. 0h. A device of accordance with § 3C5 Cum the first supercell has a length downstream of at least about 500 mm.

0 11c5. A device according to § 3c5 wherein: the first supercell is connected in parallel with a second supercell on the front surface; And

The anterior surface includes a white posterior surface defining opaque strips of location and width corresponding to the spaces between the first supercell and the second supercell. 2. A device according to Clause 1C5 wherein the second silicon solar cell includes beveled corners. 13c5. Apparatus according to clause 12c5 where for the long side of the first silicon solar cell

They overlap to the long side of the second silicon solar cell. 4c. Device according to sll 12c5 where the long side of the first silicon solar cell overlaps the short side of the second silicon solar cell. 5 c. Apparatus according to 1C5 wherein the front surface comprises:

0 1 A first row contains a first supercell consisting of solar cells with chamfered corners ¢ and a second row contains a second series connected in series of silicon solar cells arranged in a second supercell connected in parallel with the first supercell and consists of solar cells lacking beveled corners; The length of the second row is substantially the same as the length of the first row.

5 16c5. A device according to paragraph 15C5 where the first row is adjacent to the edge of a unit and the second row is not adjacent to the edge of the unit. 7 c. A device according to clause 15C5 wherein the first supercell comprises at least nineteen solar cells each having a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts and the first supercell having a length in the direction of current flow of at least about 500 mm.

18 c 5. Apparatus pursuant to § 15c5 Cus front surface comprising a white back surface defining opaque slats of position and width corresponding to the spaces between the first supercell and the second supercell.

9 c. A device according to 1C5 also comprising a metal pattern on the anterior side of the second solar cell. 5220 device according to 19C5 where the metallurgical pattern includes a tapered gia extending around the OS) which is beveled. 5 21 c5. A device according to clause 19c5 wherein the pattern of metallurgy comprises a raised notch to determine the spread of the material

adhesive. 2. an apparatus of accordance with Clause 19C5 wherein the pattern of metallurgy comprises: a set of discrete contact gaskets ¢ fingers electrically connected to a set of discrete contact gaskets; And

0 conductive line for finger interconnection. 5723 device according to clause 22C5 where the metallization pattern forms a set of separate barriers to limit the material daa! to the distinct contact gaskets. 4h. A device according to clause 23C5 in which a set of separate diaphragms buttress and are longer than the corresponding distinct contact gaskets.

25 EGP 5. A device of accordance with 1C5 also comprising a flexible electrical interconnect conductively attached to the surface of the first solar cell and accommodating the thermal expansion of the first solar cell in two dimensions. 6 c. Wy device of § 25c5 ga Cus first of interconnection flexes around edge of first supercell where remaining second interconnection ga is on backside of supercell

0 first. 5727 sal Wy 1C5 where the unit has a top conductive strip on the front surface facing the solar direction; The device also includes:

another unit with a second supercell placed on a front surface; Bottom band on unit GAY facing away from solar energy; And where the second unit overlaps and is attached to a part of the first unit that includes the upper bar. 8 c. A device according to paragraph 27C5 whereby the other unit is attached to the unit with adhesive. 0 5z29 5 § 527 device also includes a junction box telescoping by the unit

other. 5230 device sll Wy 29c5 where the other unit is connected to the unit with a matching device between the junction box and another junction box on unit J to another. 5z3 1 . A device according to clause 5z29 where the junction box contains one terminal unit.

10 32 c. 5. The Wy Part 5727 also includes a switch between one unit and the other unit. 5233 Device Wy of 32C5 further comprises a voltage sensing control in contact with a switch. 4. The ly device of paragraph 27C5 where the first super cell includes no less than nineteen solar cells electrically connected to an aye diode for the branching.

35 EGP 5. A device according to § 34C5 in which a single bypass diode is placed near the edge of a first unit. 6 c. A device according to § 34C5 in which the single bypass diode is enclosed in a lamellar structure. 7. Device according to sell 36c5 in which the supercell is encapsulated within the lamellar structure. 8 c. The ly device of 34c5 where the single branch diode is placed around the circumference of a unit

0 to.

9 c. A device according to clause 27C5 wherein the first super cell and the second super cell include a pair connected to the power management device. 0 c. The device Wy of § 27C5 also includes a power management device Lge to receive the output voltage of the first supercell; based on voltage; Determine whether the solar cell of the first supercell is in reverse tilt; And

Separation of the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the super cell unit circuit. 1 c. Device comprising: A solar module comprising a front surface containing a series connected to a first string of silicon solar cells assembled into a first supercell comprising a first silicon solar cell having

The beveled corners are arranged with an overlapping side and conductively bonded with adhesive to a second silicon solar cell. 2c. Apparatus in accordance with 1c6 Cus The second silicon solar cell lacks beveled corners; Each silicon solar cell of the first supercell has substantially the same front surface area exposed to light.

5 3c6. Device according to sill 2c6 Cus: the first silicon solar cell and the second silicon solar cell have the same length; The width of the first silicon solar cell is greater than the width of the second silicon solar cell.

4c6. Apparatus according to ill 3c6 in which the length reproduces the shape of a square pseudo-wafer. 5c6. A device according to § 3C6 with a length of 156 mm.

66 EGP A device according to § 3C6 with a length of 125 mm. 7 c. Wy device for paragraph 3c6 where the aspect ratio between the width and length of the first solar cell is between about 1:2 to about 1:20. 8 c. Device according to SAL 3c6 where the first silicon solar cell overlaps with the second silicon solar cell between about 1 mm to about wed

9 c. A device according to clause 3c6 wherein the first supercell comprises at least nineteen silicon solar cells each having a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts. 6710 apparatus according to 3C6 where the first supercell has a downstream length of at least about 500 mm.

0 11c6. A device according to § 3C6 whereby: the first supercell is connected in parallel with a second supercell on the front surface; The anterior surface includes a white posterior surface defining opaque strips of location and width corresponding to the spaces between the first supercell and the second supercell. 6712 devices according to Clause 1C6 where the second solar cell of silicon includes the corners

5 chamfered. 3c. A device according to clause 6212 where the long side of the first silicon solar cell overlaps with the long side of the second silicon solar cell. 4c. Device according to sll 12c6 where the long side of the first silicon solar cell overlaps the short side of the second silicon solar cell.

0 15c6. Device according to § 671 in which the front surface comprises: a first row incorporating a first supercell consisting of solar cells with beveled corners; And

a second row comprising a second in-line series of silicon solar cells arrayed in a second supercell connected in parallel with the first supercell and consisting of the solar cells lacking chamfered corners; The length of the second row is substantially the same as the length of the first row.

16c6. A device according to paragraph 15C6 where the first row is adjacent to the edge of a unit and the second row is not adjacent to the edge of the unit. 7 c. A device according to clause 15c6 wherein the first supercell comprises at least nineteen solar cells each having a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts” and the first supercell has a length in the direction of current flow of at least about 500 mm.

0 18c6. An apparatus according to § 15c6 wherein the front surface includes a white back surface defining opaque strips of position and width corresponding to the spaces between the first supercell and the second supercell. 9 c. A device according to 1C6 also comprising a metal pattern on the anterior side of the second solar cell. 0c.. a device according to clause 19c6 wherein the metallurgical pattern includes a tapering gia extending around the OS)

5 beveled. 1 c. A device according to clause 19c6 wherein the metallization pattern includes a raised feature to determine the spread of the adhesive.

2. A device according to Clause 19C6 wherein the metallization pattern comprises: a set of distinct contact gaskets ¢

0 fingers electrically connected to a set of premium contact gaskets; and a conductive line for finger interconnection.

3c. A device according to yall 22c6 where the metallization pattern forms a set of separate barriers to limit the material daa! to the distinct contact gaskets. 4h. A device according to § 23C6 Cus A set of separate baffles that butt and are longer than the corresponding distinct contact gaskets. 25 c 6. A device of accordance with 1C6 also comprising a flexible electrical interconnect conductively attached to the surface of the first solar cell and accommodating the thermal expansion of the first solar cell in two dimensions. 6. A device according to clause 25c6 wherein the first on of the interconnection flexes around the edge of the first all supercell and where the remaining second interconnection ga is on a posterior side of the first supercell 0. 7h. Wy section 671 device where the unit has a top conductive strip on the front surface facing the solar direction; The device also includes: another unit with a second super cell placed on a front surface; Bottom band on unit GAY facing away from solar energy; And 5, where the second unit overlaps (ping), linking it to a part of the first unit that includes the upper bar. 6728 device in accordance with 6727 where the other unit is attached to the unit with adhesive. 9 c. An apparatus according to clause 627 also comprising a junction box nested by one unit to another. 0 6730 device according to jal 6229 where the other unit is connected to the unit with a matching device between the junction box and another junction box on the other unit. 1 3 c. A device according to clause 6729 wherein the junction box contains one terminal unit. 2 gg. A device according to clause 27C6 that also includes a switch between one unit and the other unit.

3c. The gall Wy 6732 also includes a voltage sensing control in contact with a switch. 4h. A device according to clause 27C6 wherein the first supercell comprises not less than nineteen solar cells electrically connected to a single branching diode. 35 c 6. A device according to § 34C6 in which a single bypass diode is placed close to the edge of a first unit. 6 c. A device according to § 34C6 in which the single bypass diode is enclosed in a lamellar structure. 7 c. Ball ly device 36c6 in which the supercell is encapsulated within the lamellar structure. 8 h. A device according to § 34C6 in which the single branch diode is placed around the perimeter of the Je 0 9C unit. A device according to clause 27C6 wherein the first super cell and the second super cell include a pair connected to the power management device. 0 c. a device of accordance with clause 27c6 also comprising a power management device Lge to receive the output voltage of the first supercell; based on voltage; Determine whether the solar cell of the first supercell is in reverse tilt; Separation of the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the supercell unit circuit. zl Device comprising: A solar module comprising a front surface comprising a first series connected das of at least ten solar cells each having a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 V and an array in supercell 0 comprising a first ordered silicon solar cell with the end overlapped and conductively bonded with adhesive to a second silicon solar cell; And

An interconnector connected in a conductive manner to the surface of the solar cell. 2c. Device Gy of § 1c7 where the surface of the solar cell comprises a rear surface of the first silicon solar cell. 3c. A device according to sill 2c7 also comprising a tape conductor electrically connecting the supercell to an electrical component. Td is a device according to § 3C7 where the tape conductor is connected in a conductive manner to the surface of the solar cell, Tae, on the interference end. 5 c. A device according to Clause 4C7 where the electrical component is on the back surface of a solar module. 6 c. Apparatus in accordance with § 4c7 Cun The electrical component includes a junction box. 0 7c7. Wy device of clause 6c7 where the junction box is in compatible interlock with the AT junction box on a different unit is interleaved by the unit. 8 c. A device according to clause 4c7 wherein the electrical component comprises a relief diode. 9 c. A device according to Section 4C7 where the component Spell comprises a unit terminal. 0. An apparatus according to Clause 4C7 wherein the electrical component includes a transformer. 5 11c 71. Wy device for 10C7 where the adapter includes a 06/86 micro adapter. 2. A device according to Clause 11C7 where an accurate 00/86 transducer is placed on the back surface of a solar module. 3c. A device in accordance with SAL 4C7 where the electrical component includes a power management device. ly Ses 7714 of clause 13c7 where the power management device includes a switch. 7715 A device of 14C7 also includes a voltage sensing control in contact 0 with a switch.

sal Wy Ska.6 13c7 where the power management device is intended to receive the supercell output voltage; based on voltage; Determine whether the solar cell of the supercell is in reverse tilt; Separate the solar cell in the reverse tilt from the sang circuit of the supercell. 17 c. 71. sill Wy 16c7 where the power management device is in Sls connection with a central transformer. 7718 is a 13C7 device where the power management device includes the 06/86 unit power enhancer. T7219 A device according to 3C7 where the interconnection is confined between a supercell and another supercell on the front surface. 0 7220 device according to § 3c7 where connector , andl) and is connected in such a way as to the interconnection. 1. A device in accordance with 3c7 Cus interconnection providing a resistance to current flow of less than or equal to about 0.012 ohms. 7722 devices according to clause 3C7 where the interconnection is prepared to accommodate the differential expansion between the first silicon solar cell and the interconnection for a temperature range ranging from about -0°C to about 85°C. 3. A device in accordance with Clause 3C7 where the interconnection thickness is less than or equal to about 100 microns. 7224 Device in accordance with 3C7 where the interconnection thickness is less than or equal to about 0 30 microns.

5h. Wy device of § 3c7 where the supercell has a length downstream of at least about 500 mm. 6h. A device according to sll 3c7 also includes another super cell on the front surface of the unit. 7. A device according to clause 26C7 whereby the interconnection connects the other supercell in series with the supercell. 7728 Device in accordance with 26C7 Cus interconnection connects the other supercell in parallel with the supercell. 9 h. Apparatus according to § 26C7 wherein the anterior surface includes a white posterior surface defining opaque strips of position and width corresponding to the spaces between a supercell and another supercell. 0 30 c 71. A device according to Clause 3C7 where the interconnection comprises a mode. 1. A device according to § 30c7 in which the pattern includes slits; oblique cracks; and/or perforations. 2. Wy device for 3c7 where part of the interconnection is dark. 3c. Apparatus according to Clause 3C7 wherein: The first silicon solar cell includes beveled corners; 5 The second silicon solar cell lacks beveled corners; Each supercell silicon solar cell has substantially the same front surface area exposed to light. 7234 device according to paragraph 3C7 where: the first solar cell of silicon includes beveled corners; 0 second silicon solar cell includes beveled corners; And

The side includes an overlapping long side of the long side of the second silicon solar cell. 7235 devices according to all 3c7 where the interconnection is a transmission cable. 6 c. A device according to Clause 3C7 Interconnection, which is conductively attached to the surface of the solar cell at a glued joint. 7237 device according to 3C7 wherein a first part of the interconnection flexes around an edge of the supercell

The second remaining gall is located on the posterior side of the supercell. 8 c. A device of accordance with 3c7 also comprising a metal pattern on the front surface and comprising a line running along the igh side The device also includes at a set of distinct contact gaskets between the line and the long side.

0 39 c 7. Apparatus according to clause 38C7 wherein: the metallization furthermore comprises electrically connected fingers to the corresponding distinct contact gaskets extending vertically on the long side ¢ and interconnections of the conductive line of the fingers. 0 c. A device according to § 38C7 wherein the metallurgical pattern includes a raised feature to determine the spread of the material

5 adhesives. 1 c. Apparatus comprising: a group of supercells arranged in rows on a front surface solar module 3 Each supercell comprising at least nineteen silicon solar cells having a breakdown voltage of at least 10 V arranged in line with the terminal sections of adjacent silicon solar cells

0 interleaved and conductively connected to electrically connect silicon solar cells in series;

Where the tip of a first supercell adjacent to the sang edge in first row is electrically connected to the tip of a second supercell adjacent to the unit edge in row OB by means of an electrically elastic interconnection connected to the front surface of the first supercell. 822 Apparatus in accordance with 1Cus 8C Part of the flexible electrical interconnection is covered with an opaque film. 3c. A device in accordance with 2C8 wherein the front surface of the solar module comprises a back surface wafer showing low visible contrast with flexible electrical interconnection. +4 c. A device according to section 821 where edn of the flexible electrical interconnection is colored. 825 devices according to sill 4c8 where the front surface of the solar module includes a 0 back surface wafer showing low visible contrast with flexible electrical interconnection. 6 c. A device in accordance with 1C8 wherein the front surface of the solar module includes a white back surface wafer. 7 c. A device according to sell 6c8 also includes opaque slats corresponding to the spaces between the rows. 8 c. Device according to 6c8 where the semiconductor layer of solar LIAN type 5 silicon faces towards the back surface wafer. 829 devices according to 1C85 where: the front surface of the solar module includes a back surface wafer; The back surface chip includes; Flexible Electrical Interconnection » First Supercell; And envelope 0 10c8. A device according to Clause 9c8 wherein the envelope comprises a thermoplastic polymer.

1 c. Apparatus according to clause 10c8 wherein a thermoplastic polymer comprising a thermoplastic olefin polymer. 2c. A device according to Clause 9c8 that also includes a windshield foil. 3c. Device in accordance with SAL 8712 in which the back surface foil includes glass. 14c8. A device according to Clause 1C8 wherein the flexible electrical interconnection is connected at a group

from separate sites. 8215 Apparatus in accordance with 1C8 wherein the flexible electrical interconnect is bonded to an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material. 6 c. A device according to Clause 1C8 also comprising a glued joint.

0 17c8. A device according to Clause 1C8 where the flexible electrical interconnection runs parallel to the edge of the unit. 8218 device according to clause 821 where the edn of the elastic electrical interconnect is folded around the first supercell and is not visible. 9 c. A device according to section 871 also comprising an electrically conductive supercell electrically conductor

5 first to an electrical component. 8z20 . A device in accordance with § 19 8z wherein is the bonded conductor and is conductively connected to the flexible electrical interconnection. 1 c. A device according to Clause 19C8 wherein the tape conductor is conductively attached to the surface of the solar cell away from the interference terminal.

0 22c8. A device according to jal 19c8 where the electrical component is on the back surface of a solar module. 3c. A device according to SAL 19C8 in which the electrical component includes a junction box.

4c. A device according to Clause 23C8 wherein a junction box is in interlock with another junction box on another front surface of a solar module. 5 c. A device according to Clause 23C8 wherein the junction box includes a junction box with one end. 6 c. A device according to clause 19C8 wherein the electrical component comprises a relief diode. 27c8. A device according to Clause 19c8 where the electrical component includes a switch. 8 c. an apparatus of accordance with paragraph 27C8 further comprising a voltage-sensing control device designed to receive a voltage output of the first supercell; based on voltage; Determine whether the solar cell of the first supercell is in the reverse tilt; And contact with a switch to disconnect the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the super cell unit circuit. 0 29c8. An apparatus of accordance with § 1C8 in which the first supercell is connected in series with a second supercell. 0 c. Apparatus in accordance with Clause 1c8 wherein: a first silicon solar cell of the first supercell having beveled corners; a second silicon solar cell of the first supercell lacks the beveled corners; and 5 each silicon solar cell of the first supercell has substantially the same front surface area exposed to light. 1 c. Apparatus in accordance with Clause 1c8 wherein: a first silicon solar cell of the first supercell having beveled corners; a second silicon solar cell of the first supercell incorporating beveled corners; And

For the long side of the first silicon solar cell overlap with the long side of the second silicon solar cell. 2c. A device according to clause 81 wherein a silicon solar cell of the first supercell comprises a sheet having a length of about 156 mm. 33 c 8. A device according to clause 81 wherein a silicon solar cell of the first supercell comprises a sheet having a length of about 125 mm. 4c. A device according to clause 1c8 wherein a silicon solar cell of the first supercell comprises a sheet having the aspect ratio of shag-width between about 1:2 to about 1:20. 5 c. a device according to clause 1c8 in which the adjacent interleaved silicon solar cells of the first supercell 0 are bonded in an adhesive sola conductive fashion; The device also includes a custom feature to determine the spread of the adhesive. 6 c. A device according to § 35c8 where the feature includes a trench. 7. A device according to § 36c8 whereby the trench is formed with a metal pattern. 8 c. The lady device of § 37c8 wherein the metallization pattern includes a line extending along the long side 5 of the silicon solar cell” The device also includes a set of distinct contact gaskets located between the line and the long side. 9 c. A device according to § 37c8 where the metallization pattern is located on the front of a silicon solar cell of the first supercell. 0 c. A device according to § 37C8 in which the metallization pattern is located on the rear surface of a 0 silicon solar cell of the second supercell. 1c9. Device includes:

A solar module comprising a front surface of series-connected silicon solar cells arrayed in a first supercell comprising a first cut-out strip having a front-side metallization pattern along a first outer edge interspersed by a second cut-out strip. 2c. A device according to Clause 1C9 wherein the first cutting slice and the second cutting slice have a length that copies the length of the wafer from which the first cutting slice is divided. 3c. A device according to Clause 2C9 with a length of 156 mm. 4c. A device according to paragraph 2C9 with a length of 125 mm. 5 c. A device according to sill 2c9, where the aspect ratio between the width of the first cut slice and the length is between about 1:2 to about 1:20. 0 6c9. A device according to SAL 2C9 where the first cut segment includes a first beveled corner. 7 c. A device according to Paragraph 6c9 where the first corner is beveled along the first outer edge. 8 c. Device according to sell 6c9 where the first beveled corner is not along the first outer edge. 9c9. A device according to Clause 6C9 where the second cut slice includes a second beveled corner. 5 10c9. A device according to Clause 9c9 where the overlap of the edge of the second cutting segment includes the second chamfered corner. 1 c. A device in accordance with paragraph 9C9 where the overlapping of the edge of the second cutting segment does not include the second beveled corner. 9712 apparatus according to clause 6c9 wherein the length reproduces the shape of a square pseudo-wafer from which the first cut-off wafer is 0 subdivided.

9213 device according to clause 926 where the width of the first cut slice is different from the width of a slice

Second segments where the first segment slice and the second segment segment have approximately the same area

slide.

4c. A device according to paragraph 1c9 where the second cutting slice overlaps with the first cutting slice

Between about 1-5 mm.

9215 device according to 1C9 where the front side metallization pattern includes a connecting rod.

6 1 9%. A device according to Clause 5 1 C 9 which includes a tapered ey connecting rod.

7. A device according to 1 Oz wherein the front side metallization pattern includes a contact gasket 0 18c9. device according to Paragraph 17C9 where:

a second cut slice is bonded to the first cut slice with adhesive; And

The premium contact gasket furthermore includes a feature to identify the spread of the adhesive sale.

9 c. Wy device of 18c9 where the feature includes a trench.

0 c. A device according to § 1c9 in which the front side metallization pattern includes a diode oll 15

9721 device according to 1C9 where the front side metal pattern includes a finger.

2. A device according to Clause 1C9 wherein the first cutting slide additionally includes a pattern

Metal for the back side along an outer dul edge opposite the first outer edge.

3c. 9722 device in which the back side metallization pattern includes a contact gasket. 24 c 9. A device according to § 22C9 wherein the back side metallization pattern includes a connecting rod.

5 c. A device according to Clause 1C9 in which the supercell comprises at least nineteen cut silicon wafers each having a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 V. 6 c. A device according to Section 1C9 where the super cell is connected to another super cell on a front surface Bas oll. 0 921 5 device according to § 9726 wherein the unit has a front surface comprising a white back surface defining opaque slats corresponding to the spaces between one supercell and the other supercell. 8 c. device according to 26C9 where: the front surface of the solar module includes a back surface wafer; back surface chip; Supercell interconnection. The envelope comprises a lamellar structure. 0 29 c9. Device according to sll 28c9 in which the envelope comprises a thermoplastic polymer. 0 c. Device according to SAL 29C9 Cus thermoplastic polymer comprising thermoplastic olefin polymer. 1 c. A device according to sill 26c9 also comprising an interconnection between the super cell and the other super cell. 32 c 9. A device in accordance with § 31C9 in which the eda of the interconnection is covered by an opaque film. 19233 Device Wy for 31c9 where eda from interconnection is colored. 4c. An apparatus of accordance with paragraph 31C9 further comprising a tape conductor electrically connecting the supercell to an electrical component. 9735 ly device of 34c9 where the connector (andl) is conductively attached to the rear 0 side of the first cut bracket. 6 c. A device according to 34C9 where the electrical component comprises a relief diode.

9737 device according to 34C9 where the electrical component includes a switch. 9738 sally device 34C9 where the electrical component includes a junction box. 9 c. A device according to sll 38c9 where the junction box overlaps with and is in a compatible device with another junction box. 40 c 9. A device according to sul 26c9 in which the super cell and the other super cell are connected in series. 1 c. A method comprising: laser copying of a copy line onto a silicon wafer to define the area of the solar cell; Apply an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to the top surface of the scratched silicon wafer adjacent 0 to the long side of the solar cell area; and separating a silicon wafer along the splicing line to provide a solar cell sheet comprising an ein of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed adjacent to the long side of the solar cell sheet. 2c. A method according to § 1C10 also includes providing the silicon wafer with a metallization pattern; Where the separation occurs, the solar cell chip has a metallization pattern along the long side. 0z3 1 5 1 . Method according to § 1 02 wherein La metallurgy includes a connecting rod or contact gasket 4c. method according to § 1072 wherein the provision includes printing of a metallized pattern. 5c0. Method according to § 2C10 wherein the enhancement includes electrophoresis of a metallurgical pattern. 6. A method according to clause 2C10 wherein the metallization pattern includes a character adapted to determine the spread of the electrically conductive adhesive 0. 7 c. Wy device of 6c10 where the feature includes a trench.

8 c. Method according to § 1071 where the mode includes printing. 9 c. Method according to (Sal) 1c10 wherein the application includes sedimentation using a mask. 0 c. Method according to § 1071 where the length of the long side of the solar cell wafer reproduces the shape of the wafer. 11c10. Gg method for 10c10 where the length is 156 mm or 125 mm. 2c. A method according to Sald 10c10, where the aspect ratio between the width of the solar cell strip and the length is between about 1:2 to about 1:20. 3c. Method according to § 1c10 wherein the separation includes: applying vacuum pressure between a bottom surface of the wafer and an arched support surface to bend the solar cell region 0 against the arched support surface and then slit the silicon wafer along the copy line. 4c. A method according to clause 1C10 further comprising: arrangement of a group of solar cell strips in line with long sides of overlapping adjacent solar cell strips and a portion of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed in between; And the maturation of the electrically conductive binder, and then the bonding next to the overlapping of the solar cell slices 5 with each other and connecting them electrically, respectively. 5 c. A method according to Paragraph 14c10, where the curing includes shall 6h. Method according to Clause 14c10 wherein ripening involves applying pressure. 7 c. Method according to § 14c10 Cus The arrangement involves the formation of a layered structure. 8 c. Gg method of § 17c10 wherein the ripening involves applying heat and pressure to 0 the layered structure. 9 c. A method according to § 17C10 wherein the layered structure includes an envelope.

0 c. Method according to § 19C10 wherein the envelope comprises a thermoplastic polymer. 10721 method according to clause 20C10 wherein a thermoplastic polymer comprises a thermoplastic olefin polymer. 10222 method according to sll 17c10 Cus The layered structure includes a back surface wafer. 23c10. method according to Paragraph 22c10 where:

the back chip is white; The layered structure furthermore includes opaque slats. 4 c. ly method of clause 14c10 where the arrangement includes the arrangement of at least nineteen solar cell strips on the same line.

0 25c10. Method according to Clause 24C10 Cus Each of at least nineteen segments of a solar cell shall have a breakdown voltage of at least 10 V. 6 pilgrimage. A method according to clause 24C10 also includes placing on JN nineteen solar cell strips in contact with only one branching diode. 10227 method according to sll 26c10 also includes the formation of a bonded connector between one of the

5 At least nineteen segments of the solar cell and a diode for one branch. 0 1 08 method according to § 1 027 where the single bypass diode is located in a junction box. 9 c. ly method of clause 28c10 where the junction box is on the back side of a solar module; In T< equipment, compatible with the i Bas ol AT junction box, 2 different suns. 0 c. A method according to § 14c10 whereby the cell slice is overlapped from a set of cell slices 1c. A method according to Clause 14C10 where the solar cell chamfer includes a first chamfered corner.

2c. A method according to Clause 31C10 whereby the long side of a solar cell overlap has a notch of a group of solar cell strips that does not include a second beveled corner. 3c. A method according to § 32C10 wherein the width of the solar cell strip is greater than the overlap width of the solar cell strip ¢ wherein the solar cell strip and the solar cell strip overlap have approximately the same area of the strip. 4c. A method according to clause 31C10 wherein the long side of an overlap of a solar cell strip of a set of solar cell strips includes a second beveled corner. 5 c. A method according to § 34C10 wherein the long side of the solar cell strip overlaps a set of solar cell strips; Overlapping the long side of the cell slice includes the first beveled 0 corner. 6 c. A method according to § 34C10 wherein the long side of the solar cell strip overlaps a set of solar cell strips; Overlap the long side of the cell slice not including the first beveled corner. 7h. A method according to Clause 14c10 also comprising the connection of one set of solar cell strips 5 with another set of solar cell strips using an interconnection. 8 pilgrimage. A method according to § 37C10 in which part of the interconnection is covered with an opaque film. 9 c. Method according to § 37c10 where the gia of the interconnection is colored. 0 c. A method according to § 37C10 in which one set of solar cell strips is connected in series with another set of solar cell strips. 0 1c11. A method comprising: provision of a silicon wafer having a length; Copy a transcription line onto the silicon wafer to define the area of the solar cell;

applying an electrically conductive adhesive binder to the surface of the silicon wafer; and separating a silicon wafer along the splicing line to provide a solar cell sheet comprising an ein of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed adjacent to the long side of the solar cell sheet. 2c. Method according to Spill 1c11 Gus Copying includes laser copying. 3c11. A method according to Paragraph 2C11 comprising laser copying a copying line; And then put an article

Electrically conductive adhesive tape. 1124 A method according to § 2C11 comprising the application of an electrically conductive adhesive binder to a wafer. dang that laser copy copy line. 5c1. method according to sll 4c11 where:

0 mode involves applying an electrically conductive adhesive loose bond; Laser copying includes avoiding the maturation of an immature conductive bonding material with laser heat. 6 c. Method according to 5C11 whereby the avoidance includes selection of the laser power and/or distance between the line of copy and an immature conductive binder. 7 c. Gg method for paragraph 111 where the mode includes printing.

5 8c11. Method according to § 1C11 wherein the application includes mask sedimentation. 9 c. Method according to 1C11 wherein the copy line and electrically conductive adhesive binder are on the surface. 0 c. method according to Paragraph 1151 where the chapter includes:

0 arch support and then slit the silicon wafer along the copy line.

1 c. Method according to Paragraph 10C11 wherein the chapter includes arranging the Naskh line at an angle relative to 2C. Method according to 1C11 where separation involves the use of a cylinder to apply pressure to the wafer. 13c11. a method according to § 1C11 wherein the provisioning includes the provisioning of the silicon wafer with a metallization pattern;

Where the separation occurs, the solar cell chip has a metallization pattern along the long side. 4c. Method according to § 13C11 wherein the metallization pattern includes a connecting rod or a discrete contact gasket. 5 c. method according to § 13c11 wherein the supply includes printing of a metallic pattern.

0 16c11. Method according to § 13c11 wherein the electrophoresis includes a metallization pattern. 7 c. A method according to § 13C11 wherein the metallization pattern includes a feature adapted to determine the diffusion of the electrically conductive adhesive. 8 c. Method according to 1C11 where the length of the long side of the solar cell wafer reproduces the shape of the wafer.

5 19c11. method according to § 18C11 where the length is 156 mm or 125 mm. 0c11. A method according to paragraph 18C11, where the aspect ratio between the width of the solar cell slats and the length is between about 1:2 to about 1:20. 1 c. A method according to clause 1c11 further comprising: Arrangement of a group of solar cell strips in line with the long sides of the overlap of the cell strips

0 adjacent solar panels and a piece of electrically conductive adhesive tape placed between them; And

Ripening of the electrically conductive binder, then bonding next to the overlap of the solar cell slices to each other and connecting them electrically, respectively. 2c. method according to § 21c11 where: the arrangement includes the formation of a layered structure; Ripening involves applying heat and/or pressure to the layered structure. 3c. Method according to clause 22C11 wherein the layered structure comprises a laminated thermoplastic olefin polymer. 4c. Method according to § 22C11 wherein the layered structure comprises: a white back surface wafer; and 0 opaque chips on the white back surface chip. 5 c. A method according to Clause 21C11 whereby: a group of wafers is presented on a mould; The binder of the conductive adhesive is distributed over a set of wafers; A group of wafers forms separate cells simultaneously into a group of solar cell wafers by fixation. 5 26c11. A method according to Clause 25C11 further comprising the transportation of a set of solar cell strips as an assembly; Whereas, the arrangement involves arranging a group of solar cell chips into a unit. 7 c. Method according to 21C11 Cus The arrangement includes an arrangement of at least nineteen solar cell strips having a breakdown voltage of at least 10 V in line with only one branching diode. 0 28c11. A method according to clause 27C11 also includes the configuration of a bonded conductor between one of the nineteen solar cell strips (JE) and a single branching diode.

9 c. A method according to Clause 28C11 Cus The single branching diode is located in a first junction box of a first solar module that is in a matching arrangement with a second junction box of a second solar module. 0 c. A method in accordance with clause 27C11 also includes the configuration of an apd connector between one of at least nineteen solar cell segments and a smart switch.

31c11. Method according to § 21c11 whereby the cell slice is overlapped from a set of cell slices 2c. Method according to § 21C11 wherein the solar cell sheet includes a first chamfered corner. 3c. A method according to clause 11232 whereby the long side of a solar cell strip does not overlap an array of solar cell strips; Beveled second corner.

0 34c11. ly method of § 33C11 where the width of the solar cell strip is greater than the overlap width of the solar cell strip; Where the solar cell slice and the overlap of the solar cell slice have approximately the same area of the slice. 5 c. A method according to § 32C11 wherein the long side of an overlapping solar cell sheet of a set of solar cell strips includes a second beveled corner. 5 36c11. method according to spall 35c11 where the long side of the solar cell strip overlap of a set of solar cell strips; Overlapping the long side of the cell slice includes the first beveled corner. 7 c. A method according to § 35C11 wherein the long side of the solar cell strip overlaps a set of solar cell strips; Overlapping of the long side of the cell slice not including the first beveled CON 0. 8 c. A method according to Clause 21C11 also comprising the connection of one set of solar cell strips with another set of solar cell strips using an interconnection.

9 c. Method according to § 38C11 wherein the gia of the interconnection is covered with an opaque film or is coloured. 0c1. A method according to yall 38c11 where a group of solar cell strips is connected in series with another group of solar cell strips. 1c12. Method includes:

provide a silicone wafer that has a length; copies of a copy line on a silicon wafer to define the area of the solar cell; Silicon wafer separation along the copy line to provide the solar cell chip; and an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed adjacent to the long side of the cell slide

0 solar. 2c. Method according to Clause 1C12 where copying includes laser copying. 3c. Method according to § 1c12 wherein the mode includes stenciling. 4c. Method according to 1C12 wherein the mode includes ink-jet printing. 5 c. Method according to sll 1c12 wherein the mode includes precipitation using a mask.

5 6c12. A method according to § 1C12 wherein the separation involves applying a vacuum pressure between the wafer surface and an arched surface. 7 c. method according to § 6c12 Cum The arched surface includes a vacuum manifold; The separation involves orienting the copy line at an angle with respect to the vacuum manifold. 8 c. Method according to § 7c12 where the angle is perpendicular.

0 9c12. A method according to paragraph 7c12 where the angle is to a degree other than perpendicular.

0 c. Method according to clause 6c12 in which the vacuum pressure is applied through a conveyor belt. 1 c. A method according to clause 1c12 further comprising: Arrangement of a group of solar cell strips in line with the long sides of overlapping adjacent solar cell strips Electrically conductive adhesive bonding Lad placed between; And the maturation of the electrically conductive binder for bonding next to the overlapping of the solar cell slices connected electrically in series. 12712 method according to clause 11c12 wherein the arrangement includes the formation of a layered structure Calas includes the method also includes the lamination of the layered structure. 3c. Method according to clause 12c12 wherein the ripening of Lia occurs at least during lamination 0 14c12. Method according to sll 12c12 in which the ripening occurs independently of lamination. 5 c. Method according to gall 12c 12 in which the lamination involves applying vacuum pressure. 6. A method according to Clause 15C12 in which vacuum pressure is applied to an inflated part. 7 c. A method according to Clause 15c12 where vacuum pressure is applied to a belt. 8 c. Method according to clause 12212 wherein the envelope comprises a thermoplastic olefin polymer. 5 19c12. Method according to Gus 12712 The layered structure comprises: a white back surface wafer; and opaque strips on the white back surface wafer. 0 c. a method according to § 11c12 wherein the provisioning includes the provisioning of the silicon wafer with a metallization pattern; Where the separation occurs, the solar cell chip has a metallization pattern along the long side.

0 1 22 1 method according to § 20c2 1 where the metallization pattern includes a connecting rod or a distinctive contact gasket 0 2c. A method according to § 20c12 where the incorporation includes printing or electrophoresis of a metallization pattern. 23c12. Method according to paragraph 20C12, where the arrangement includes determining the spread of the adhesive tape

Electrically conductive with a metallic style characteristic. 12724 method according to clause 23C12 where the feature is on the front side of the 5C solar cell chip. Method according to clause 23c12 wherein the label is on the back side of the solar cell sheet

0 . 6 c. Method according to clause 11c12 in which the length of the long side of the solar cell wafer reproduces the shape of the wafer. 7 c. method according to § 26C12 where the length is 156 mm or 125 mm. 8 c. A method according to paragraph 26c12 where the aspect ratio between the width of the solar cell slats

5 and the length is between about 1:2 to about 1:20. 9 c. A method according to clause 11c12 whereby the arrangement includes an arrangement of at least nineteen strips of the solar cell having a breakdown voltage of at least 10 V on the same line as the first supercell with only one branching diode. 0 c. A method according to Clause 29c12 also includes application of the conductive adhesive bonding material

0 electrically between the first supercell and an interconnection. 12231 method according to clause 30C12 whereby the interconnection connects the first supercell in parallel with a second supercell.

12232 method according to § 30C12 Cus Interconnection connects the first supercell in series with a second supercell. 3h. A method according to § 29C12 also includes the configuration of an apd conductor between the first supercell and the single branching diode.

34 c 12. A method according to Clause 33C12 whereby the single-branch diode is located in a first junction box of a first solar module that is in a matching arrangement with a second junction box of a second solar module. 5 c. Method according to Section 11C12 Gus The solar cell sheet includes a first beveled corner. 6 c. A method according to § 35C12 where for the long side of a solar cell strip overlapping a group of solar cell strips; Beveled second corner not included.

0 37c12. ly method of § 36C12 where the width of the solar cell strip is greater than the overlap width of the solar cell strip; Cus the solar cell slice and the overlap of the solar cell slice have approximately the same area of the slice. 8 c. A method according to § 35C12 wherein the long side of an overlap of a solar cell strip of a set of solar cell strips includes a second beveled corner. 5 39c12. A method according to § 38c12 wherein the long side of the solar cell strip overlap of a set of solar cell strips; Overlapping the long side of the cell slice includes the first beveled corner. 0 c. A method according to § 38c12 wherein the long side of the solar cell strip overlap of a set of solar cell strips; Overlap with the long side of the cell slice not including the first beveled 0 corner. 1 c. Device includes:

A semiconductor wafer having a first surface that includes a first metallization pattern along a first outer edge 'and a metallization pattern AG along a second outer edge opposite the first outer edge' The semiconductor wafer also has a first copy line between the first metallization pattern and the second metallization pattern. 2c. A device according to § 1c13 wherein the first metallurgical pattern comprises a distinctive contact gasket. 3 c13. A device according to § 1c13 wherein the first metallization pattern includes a toe Jf pointing away from

The first outer edge towards the second metallization pattern. 4c. A device according to § 3C13 wherein the first metallization pattern furthermore comprises a connecting rod passing along the first outer edge and intersecting with the first finger. 5c3. Wy device for 4c13 where the second metallization pattern includes:

0 second finger pointing away from the second outer edge toward the first metal pattern; A second conductive rod extends along the second outer edge and intersects with the second finger. 6 c. The ly device of 3c13 also includes an electrically conductive adhesive extending along the outer edge 1 of first and in contact with the J of finger J of first . 7 c. A device according to § 3c13 wherein the first metallurgical pattern furthermore comprises a conductor

first fork. 8 c. A device according to clause 3C13 wherein the first metallization pattern furthermore comprises a first terminal conductor. 1379 devices according to Clause 1C13 where the first metallurgical pattern includes silver. 3z 10 1 device according to § 39 1 wherein the metallization pattern 1 of the first comprises silver paste.

11c13. Device according to § 1379 where the first metallization pattern includes distinct contacts.

3z 12 1 device according to § 1 3z 1 where the first metallurgical pattern comprises aluminum tin or 113713 device pursuant to § 1321 where the first metallurgical pattern comprises copper. 0 1 3z 1 4 Device according to 3 1 3z 1 where the first metallurgical pattern includes an electrolytic clad.

5 c. Apparatus according to clause 13c13 also comprising a passivation scheme to reduce coalescence. 6 c. The ly device of § 1c13 also includes: a third metal pattern on the first surface of the semiconductor wafer not close to the first outer edge or to the second outer edge; And

0 A second Naskh line is between the third metal pattern and the second metal pattern, where the first Naskh line is between the first metal pattern and the third metal pattern. 7 c. device according to sll 16c13 wherein the ratio of the first width specified between the first copy line and the second copy line divided by the length of the semiconductor wafer; They range from about 1:2 to about 1:20

5 18c13. Wy device of paragraph 13217 where the length is about 156 mm or about 125 mm. 9 c. A device according to clause 17c13 wherein the semiconductor wafer includes beveled corners. 0 c. ly device of clause 19c13 where: the first line of transcription identifies with the first outer edge; A first rectangular region with two beveled corners and a first metal pattern » The first rectangular region has an area corresponding to the output of

0 is the first length and a second width greater than the first; minus the common area of the two beveled corners; And

The second naskh line identifies with the naskh line (JY a second rectangular area that does not include beveled corners and includes the third metallization pattern”); the second rectangular area has an area corresponding to the product of the first length and first width. the third having a finger pointing towards the second metallization pattern 2c a device according to clause 1c13 comprising also a third metallization pattern on a second surface of the semiconductor wafer opposite the first 3c a device according to clause 22c13 wherein the third metallization pattern comprises a contact gasket close to Location of first copy line 0 24c13 Wy device of clause 1c13 where the first copy line is machined by a laser 13725 device according to paragraph 1c13 where the first copy line is in the first surface 6c device according to clause 1c13 where the first metallization pattern has a feature Adapted to determine the spread of an electrically conductive adhesive 7 C Apparatus sll Wy 26 C 13 where the tag includes a raised notch 5 28 C 13 Apparatus according to § 27 C 13 in which the first metallization pattern includes a “ud” gasket and the tag includes a sealing butt and a length of Contact gasket 9c ly device of § 26c13 where the notch includes a recessed notch. 0 c. device sllly 29c13 where the recessed profile includes a trench. 1 33 1 0 A device according to 3z26 1 also comprising an electrically conductive adhesive in contact with the first metallization pattern. 2c. A device according to § 31C13 in which the electrically conductive adhesive is printed.

3c. Device according to spall 1c13 in which the semiconductor wafer comprises silicon. 4c. A device according to § 33C13 in which the semiconductor wafer comprises crystalline silicon. 5 c. A device according to Clause 33c13 where the first surface has a conductivity of the type 0.6g. Device according to sill 33c13, where the first surface has a conductivity of type 0. 37c13. Device according to Clause 1C13 where: the first metal pattern is 5 mm or less from the first outer edge; The second metal pattern is 5 mm or less from the second outer edge. 8 c. a device according to section 1321 in which the semiconductor wafer includes beveled corners; The first metallurgical pattern included a tapering gia extending around a beveled corner. 0 39c13. Device according to sill 38C13 Gua The taper includes a connecting rod. 0 c. sll ly 38g13 Cua taper has connection with gasket connector 1g. Method comprising: copying the first transcription line onto a wafer; and 5 separating the wafer along the first copy line using vacuum pressure to provide the solar cell wafer. 2c. Method according to Clause 1C14 where copying includes laser copying. 3c. Method according to § 2C14 wherein the separation involves applying vacuum pressure between the wafer surface and an arched surface. 4c. Method according to § 3C14 wherein the arched surface includes a vacuum manifold.

5c4. A method according to § 4c14 in which the wafer is carried on a conveyor belt to the vacuum pressure manifold aig applying vacuum pressure through the belt. 6 c. Method according to § 5C14 wherein the chapter includes: Orientation of the first copy line at an angle with respect to the vacuum manifold; And start a bisection at one end of the first copy line. 7. A method according to § 6c14 where the angle is to a large extent perpendicular. 8c1. A method according to sll 6c14 where the angle is any degree other than to be quite perpendicular. 9 c. A method according to Paragraph 3C14 also comprising the application of an unripe electrically conductive adhesive binder 0. 14210 method according to clause 9c14 wherein the first copy line and the electrically conductive adhesive unripe material are on the same wafer surface. 1 c. A method according to § 10c14 whereby laser copying avoids the ripening of an immature conductive adhesive by selecting the laser power and/or the distance between the first copying line and a noisy 1 5 conductive adhesive. 2c. A method according to § 10c14 whereby the same surface against the wafer surface is carried by a belt that moves the wafer to the curved surface. 3c. Method according to § 14212 wherein the arched surface includes a vacuum manifold. 4c. A method according to Paragraph 9C14 where shedding occurs after copying. 0 15c14. A method according to Paragraph 9C14 where shedding occurs after dismissal. 6 c. Method according to Clause 9c14 wherein the mode includes stenciling.

7 c. Method according to clause 9c14 wherein the mode includes ink-jet printing. 8 c. Method according to § 9c14 where the situation includes sedimentation using a mask. 9 c. method according to 3c14 wherein the first line of naskh is between; A first metallization pattern on the wafer surface along a first outer edge ¢ 9 a second metallization pattern on the wafer surface along a second outer edge. 0 c. a method according to § 19c14 wherein the wafer furthermore includes a third metallization pattern on the surface of the semiconductor wafer not close to the first outer edge or to the second outer edge; The method furthermore includes: copying a second naskh line between the third metallization pattern and the second metallizing pattern where the first naskh line is 0 between the first metallization mode and the third metallization pattern; And separate the wafer along the second copy line to provide another solar cell chip. 1 c. Wg method of § 20c14 wherein the distance between the first copy line and the second copy line is a width specifying the aspect ratio between about 1:2 and about 1:20 so that the length of the wafer includes about 5 mm or about 156 mm. 5 22c14. A method according to paragraph 19c14 where the first metallization pattern includes a finger pointing towards the second metallization pattern. 3 c. Method according to § 22c14 wherein the first metallurgical pattern furthermore comprises a connecting rod crossed with the toe. 4c. Method according to § 23C14 Cua The connecting rod is within 5 mm of the first 0 outer edge.

c. A method according to Paragraph 22C14 also comprising an unripe electrically conductive adhesive binder in contact with a finger. 6 c. Method according to § 19c14 wherein the first metallurgical pattern comprises a distinctive contact gasket. 7 c. A method according to § 19C14 further includes printing or electrophoresis of the first 5 metallization pattern on the wafer.

8 c. A method according to clause 3 further comprising: Arrangement of the solar cell strip in a first supercell comprising at least nineteen solar cell strips each having a breakdown voltage of at least 10 V with long sides overlapping adjacent solar cell strips Electrically conductive adhesive placed between ; And

0 Ripening of the electrically conductive binder for bonding next to the overlapping of the solar cell slices connected electrically in series. 9 c. Method according to § 28C14 wherein the arrangement includes the formation of a layered structure Calas includes the method also includes the lamination of the layered structure. 0 c. A method according to § 29c14 whereby at least Lia ripening occurs during lamination

5 31c14. Method according to § 29c14 Cus Curing takes place independently of lamination. 2c. Method according to § 29C14 wherein the envelope comprises a thermoplastic olefin polymer. 3c. Method according to § 29C14 (dad Cus) layered comprising: a white back surface wafer; and opaque strips on the white back surface wafer.

0 34c14. Method according to § 28C14 wherein the arrangement includes determination of the spread of electrically conductive adhesive tape using the metallization pattern character.

5 c. Method according to § 34C14 wherein the metallization pattern is a feature on a front surface of the solar cell sheet. 6 c. Method according to § 34C14 wherein the metallization pattern is a feature on the back surface of the solar cell sheet. 37c14. A method according to Clause 28c14 also includes the application of the conductive adhesive bonding material

Electrically between the first super cell and interconnect the connection of a second super cell respectively. 8 43 1 . A method according to § 4-28 1 also includes the configuration of a bonded conductor between a single branching diode of the supercell 1 to the first 'single branching diode located in a first junction box of a first solar module 3 in a T< fixture matching with a second junction box Bas ol 3 second umbrella.

39c14. Method according to clause 14728 where: the solar cell sheet includes a first chamfered corner; for the long side of a solar cell strip overlapping a set of solar cell strips; does not include a second beveled corner; The width of the solar cell slide is greater than the width of the JAIN solar cell slide; where slice

5 The solar cell and the overlap of the solar cell chip have approximately the same area of the chip. 0 c. Method according to Clause 28C14 where: the solar cell sheet includes a first beveled corner; the second crossed out; And

0 the long side of the solar cell chip overlap of a set of solar cell strips; Overlapping of the long side of the solar cell chip not including the first beveled corner.

1 c. A method comprising: formation of a first metallization pattern along a first outer edge of a first surface of a semiconductor wafer; create a second metallization pattern along a second outer edge of the first surface; the second outer edge opposite the first outer edge; And create a first copy line between the first metalization pattern and the second metalization pattern. 2c. Method according to Clause 1C15 where: the first metal pattern includes a first finger pointing towards the second metal pattern; The second metal pattern has a second finger pointing towards the first metal pattern. 3c. Method according to § 2C15 where: 0 The first metal pattern furthermore comprises a first conductive rod intersecting with the first finger and located within 5 mm of the first outer edge; The second metal pattern includes a second conductive rod that intersects the second toe and is located within 5 mm of the second outer edge. 4c. Method according to § 3c15 also includes: 5 formation on the first surface; A third metal pattern that is not along the first outer edge or along the outer edge (dll) The third metal pattern includes; a third conductive rod parallel to the first conductive rod; a third toe pointing toward the second metal pattern; and creating a second backline between the third metal pattern and the pattern The second metal where the first backline is 0 between the first metal pattern and the third metal pattern.

5 c 5. a method according to § 4C15 whereby the first copy line and the second copy line are separated by a width relative to the length of the semiconductor wafer; It ranges from about 1:2 to about 1:20. 6 c. Method according to § 5C15 wherein the length of the semiconductor wafer is about 156 mm or about 125 mm. 7c15. Method according to § 4C15 wherein the semiconductor wafer includes beveled corners.

8 c. method according to § 7c15 where: the first naskh line is defined with the first outer edge; A first solar cell region comprising two beveled corners and a first metallization pattern such that the first solar cell region has a first area corresponding to the product of the semiconductor wafer length and first width; minus the common area of the two corners

0 chamfer; And the second Naskh line with the first Naskh line defines a second region for the solar cell that does not include the beveled corners and includes the metallization pattern “CB.” The second solar cell region has a second region corresponding to the product of the first length and a second width Gaal from the first width; Where the first area and the second area are almost the same.

5 9c15. method according to Clause 8C15 where the length is about 156 mm or about 125 mm. 0 c. A method according to Clause 4C15 whereby the formation of the first copying line and the formation of the second copying line includes laser copying. 1 c. method according to clause 4C15 wherein the formation of the first metallization pattern includes the formation of the second metallization pattern and the formation of the third metallization pattern; on print.

0 12 5 1 method according to clause 11 5 1 wherein the composition of the metallurgical pattern includes 1 of the first ; Generate a second metallization pattern and create a third metallization pattern; on stencil printing.

3c. Method according to § 11c15 Where Composition The first metallization mode involves forming a set of contact gaskets comprising silver. 15714 method according to clause 4C15, where the formation of the first metallurgical pattern includes the formation of the second metallization pattern and the formation of the third metallization pattern; on electrophoresis. 15 c 15. method according to § 14c15 wherein the first metallurgical pattern includes; second metallization pattern; and pattern

The third metallization is on brass. 16 5 1 method according to § 54 1 where metallurgical type 1 of the first includes aluminium; tin; (dad) Copper and/or a conductor less expensive than silver. 17 5 1. A method according to § 54 1 where the semiconducting wafer comprises silicon.

0 18c15. A method according to § 17C15 wherein the semiconductor wafer comprises crystalline silicon. 9 c. A method according to § 4c15 further includes forming a fourth metallization pattern on a second surface of the semiconductor wafer between the first outer edge and within 5 mm of the location of the second copy line. 0 1 5z20 method according to § 54 1 where surface J of the first has a first conductive type and the second surface has a second conductivity of a type opposite to the first conductive type.

5 21c15. Method according to § 4C15 wherein the fourth metallization pattern includes a contact gasket. 2c. A method according to § 3C15 also comprising the application of a conductive adhesive to the semiconductor wafer. 15723 method according to paragraph 22C15 also includes placing the conductive adhesive in contact with the first finger 0

0 24c15. A method according to clause 23c15 wherein the application of the conductive adhesive comprises stenciling or mask deposition.

c. A method according to § 3C15 also includes the separation of a semiconductor wafer along the first copy line to form a first solar cell wafer incorporating the first metallization pattern. 6 pilgrimage. A method according to paragraph 25C15, where the separation includes applying a vacuum pressure to the first copy line. 5 27c15. A method according to § 26c15 also includes placing the semiconducting wafer on a belt

moving to vacuum pressure. 5z28 1 method according to 5z25 1 also includes the sale position of the adhesive attached to the first solar cell bracket. 9 c. A method according to Paragraph 25C15 also includes:

0 Arrangement of the first solar cell strip in a first super cell comprising at least nineteen solar cell strips each having a breakdown voltage of aly at least 10 volts with long sides overlapping adjacent solar cell strips Conductive adhesive placed between ¢ and curing of the conductive adhesive To link next to the overlapping strips of the solar cell are electrically connected in series.

5 30 c 15. a method according to § 29c15 wherein the arrangement includes the formation of a layered structure incorporating an envelope; The method further includes the lamination of the layered structure. 1 c. A method according to clause 30c15 in which the curing takes place at least partially during lamination. 2c. Method according to sell 30c15 in which the ripening occurs independently of lamination. 3c. Method according to clause 30C15 wherein the envelope comprises a thermoplastic olefin polymer.

0 34c15. Method according to § 30C15 wherein the layered structure comprises: a white back surface wafer ¢ f

Opaque slices on white back surface wafer. 5 c. The lg method of paragraph 29c15, where the arrangement includes determining the spread of the conductive adhesive by the characteristic of the metallization pattern. 6 c. Method according to § 35C15 wherein the metallization pattern feature is on the front surface of the first solar cell strip. 115237 method according to § 29C15 also includes the placement of the conductive adhesive between the first supercell and interconnection of a second supercell respectively. 5z3 8 1 way according to 5z29 1 further includes the configuration of a bonded conductor between a single branching diode of the super cell 1 to the first ' single branching diode located in the first junction box Bas ol

0 1 5 A first parasol in T< equipment is compatible with a second junction box Bas ol 3 A second parasol. 5z39 1 method according to 5z29 1 where: The first solar cell segment includes a beveled Jol corner; the long side of an overlapping solar cell bracket of the first supercell; Beveled second corner not included; And

5 The width of the first solar cell strip is greater than the overlapping width of the solar cell strip; Where the first solar cell slice and the overlap of the solar cell slice have approximately the same area of the slice. 0 c. ly method for clause 29c15 where: the first solar cell segment includes a first chamfered corner;

0 for the long side of an interleaved solar cell slice of the first supercell; Includes a second beveled corner; And

the long side of the overlap of the solar cell bracket; Overlapping of the long side of the first solar cell bracket not including the first beveled corner. 1 c. Method includes:

A first conductor or a row of contact gaskets arranged parallel to and adjacent to a first outer edge of the wafer and a second conductor or a row of contact gaskets arranged parallel to and adjacent to a second outer edge of the wafer opposite from and parallel to the first edge of the wafer; detach a silicon wafer along one or more graph lines parallel to the first and second outer edges of the wafer to form an array of rectangular solar cells; with the first conductive rod or

0 row of contact pads arranged parallel to and adjacent to a long outer edge of a first row of rectangular solar cells and the second busbar or a row of contact pads arranged parallel to and adjacent to a long outer edge of a second row of rectangular solar cells; Arranging the rectangular solar cells in line with the long sides of adjacent solar cells that are intertwined and connected conductively to each other to electrically connect the solar cells 5 in a row to form the supercell; Wherein the first conducting rod or row of contact pads on the first cell of a rectangular solar cell is interleaved by and conductively bonded to a bottom surface of the adjacent rectangular solar cell of the supercell. 6z2 1 . The method according to § 1 6 1 6 wherein the second conductive rod or row of contact pads 0 on the second of the rectangular solar cell is interleaved by and conductively bonded to a lower surface of the adjacent rectangular solar cell in the supercell. 3c. Method according to § 1671) where the silicon wafer is horrible or the fake square silicon wafer.

4c. method according to sll 3c16; Cus the silicon wafer has sides of about 125 mm long or about 156 mm long. 5 c. the method according to Paragraph 3C16; Where the ratio of length to width of each rectangular solar cell is between about 2:1 and about 20:1. 6 c 16. Method according to Section 1671) where the silicon wafer is a crystalline silicon wafer. 7C. The method according to Section 1C16 wherein the first conducting rod or row of gaskets and the second conducting rod or row of gaskets are located in the edge regions of the silicon wafer converts light into electricity with less efficiency of the central regions of the silicon wafer 8c6 the method according to § 1c16 wherein the metallization pattern of the front surface comprises a first set 0 of parallel fingers electrically connected to the first conductive rod or a row of contact pads extending inward from the first outer edge of the wafer and a second set of Parallel fingers electrically connected to a second conductive rod or row of contact gaskets and extending inward from the second outer edge of the wafer 9c.method according to § 1c16 where the metallization pattern of the front surface comprises at least a third conductive rod or row of contact gaskets oriented parallel J and is located between the conductive rod J of the first or row of contact gaskets and the second conductive rod or row of contact gaskets and a third set of parallel fingers oriented perpendicular to and electrically connected to the third conducting rod or row of contact gaskets”; A third conducting rod or row of contact pads is arranged parallel to and adjacent to the outer long edge of the third of the rectangular 0 solar cells after the silicon wafer has been separated to form an array of rectangular solar cells. 0 c. the method according to Paragraph 1C16; It consists of applying a conductive adhesive to the first conductive rod or a row of contact gaskets and attaching it conductively with the first rectangular solar cell to the adjacent solar cell.

1 c. the method according to Paragraph 10C16; Where a metallization pattern includes a prepared barrier to determine the spread of the conductive dan material. 2. The method according to Paragraph 10C16; It includes applying conductive adhesive to stenciling. 13c16. the method according to Paragraph 10C16; It includes the application of the conductive adhesive to the print

with ink jet. 4c. the method according to Paragraph 10C16; The conductive adhesive is placed before the graph lines are formed in the silicon wafer. 5 c. The method according to clause 1671) whereby separating a silicon wafer with a length of one or more arc lines to bend the silicon wafer against the arched support surface and then slitting the silicon wafer along one or ST of the graph lines. 6c. The method is according to clause 1c16 where: The silicon wafer is a wafer The silicone dummy fake dug includes beveled corners

5 Separation of the silicon wafer to form an array of rectangular solar cells One or more rectangular solar cells comprising one or more beveled corners; And the spacing between the graph lines is chosen to equalize the beveled corners so that the width perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rectangular solar cells that include the beveled corners is greater than the width perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rectangular solar cells that lack corners

0 chamfer; So that each of the array of rectangular solar cells in the supercell has a front surface of the same area of substantially the same exposure to light in the operation of the supercell. 7 c. The method according to (16x 1 sll) involves arranging the supercell in a layered structure between a transparent front wafer and a back wafer and lamination of the layered structure.

8 c. the method according to Paragraph 17C16; Where the lamination of the layered structure completes the maturation of a conductive adhesive placed between adjacent rectangular solar cells in the supercell to conductively connect adjacent rectangular solar cells to each other. 9 c. the method according to Paragraph 17C16; wherein the supercell is arranged in the layered structure in one of two or more parallel rows of WAY supercells; The backing plate shall be a white wafer comprising dark, parallel strips having places and widths corresponding to the places and widths of the spaces between two or more rows of supercells such that the white backing portions are not visible through the spaces between rows of supercells in the aggregate unit. 0c6. Method according to clause 16717) wherein the front panel and back panel are glass panels 0 and the supercell is encased in a ductile olefin layer Ll sandwiched between the glass panels. T< equipment compatible with a second junction box Bas ol 3 2 second sun 1 d A solar module comprising: a group of super cells arranged in two or more parallel rows Each super cell includes 5 groups of rectangular or rectangular solar cells Large amounts of silicon arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded directly to each other to electrically connect silicon solar cells in series; first contact gasket with a discreet socket located on the back surface of a first solar cell located at an intermediate position along the length of a first supercell; first electrical interconnect conductively connected to the first contact gasket with a discreet outlet; Cus first electrical interconnection having an alga mitigation feature that accommodates differential thermal expansion between the interconnection and the cell Solar panels made of silicon to be bonded to.

2 d. The solar module according to [a] shall have a gasket that is second contact with the existing concealed outlet

On the back surface of the second solar cell is the first adjacent solar cell at a position

Average along the second row of cells (ABW) where the first contact pad with a hidden socket is

Electrically connected to the second contact gasket in a concealed outlet through the first electrical interconnection.

3D The solar module according to paragraph a2 where the first electrical interconnection extends through a space between

The first supercell and the second supercell and are conductively connected to the second contact gasket

in an undisclosed socket.

4 d. The solar module according to [a] shall have a gasket that is second contact with the existing concealed outlet

0 on the rear surface of the second solar cell lies another intermediate position along the first one of the super WIAD. A second electrical interconnect is conductively connected to the second contact gasket to a concealed outlet and the branching diode is electrically connected to the first electrical interconnection and the second electrical interconnection in parallel with the solar cells located between the first contact gasket to a concealed outlet and the second contact gasket to a concealed outlet.

5 kd. Solar module Bag of cal wherein the first covert socket contact pad is one of a group of covert socket contact pads arranged on the rear surface of the first solar cell in a row extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first solar cell; and the first electrical interconnection and are connected conductively to each of the group of contacts and extend far along the length of the first solar cell along the longitudinal axis.

0 6 d. the solar module according to D1 wherein the first contact pad is located in a discreet socket adjacent to a short side of the rear surface of the first solar cell; The first electrical interconnection does not extend very far inward from the contact pad to a discreet socket along the longitudinal axis of the solar cell; The back surface metallization pattern on the first solar cell provides a conductive path to the interconnect having a plate resistivity of less than or equal to about 5 ohms per square metre.

7 d. The solar module according to clause 6d where the panel resistance is less than or equal to about 2.5

Ohm per meter is terrible.

8 d. The solar module according to clause 06 wherein the first interconnection has two lugs

placed on opposite sides of the stress relief feature; And one of the lugs is tied on

Connected to the first contact gasket in a concealed outlet.

9 d. solar module according to 8d; where two of the lugs are of different lengths.

0D solar module according to D1; Where the first electrical interconnection has features

Alignment Determines the alignment of the plated with the first contact gasket with a hidden socket.

1D solar module according to D1; wherein the first electrical interconnect has 0 alignment attributes specifying an ordered edge alignment of the first supercell.

2. The solar unit, according to paragraph D1, is arranged in a roofed manner, overlapping with another solar unit

electrically connected to it in an overlapping area.

3 1 d. Solar unit includes:

front panel of glass; 5 1 Backboard;

A group of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows between the headboard

glass and back panel»; Each supercell comprises an array of rectangular solar cells or

Largely rectangular silicon cells arranged in line with long sides of the cells

Adjacent silicon solar cells interlocking and flexibly bonded directly to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; And

The first electrically flexible interconnection is rigidly connected conductively to a first cell of

supercells;

The flexible conductive bonds between the interleaved solar cells provide mechanical compatibility with the supercells that accommodates the mismatch in thermal expansion between the supercells and the glass front plate in a row-parallel direction for a temperature range of about -40 C to about 100 C without damaging the solar module; And

wherein the rigid conductive bond between the first supercell and the first elastic electrical interconductor causes the first elastic electrical interconductor to accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the first supercell and the first elastic interconnection in a direction perpendicular to the rows for a temperature range of about -40 °C to about 180m without damaging the solar module. 4 d. solar module according to 13d; Where are the conductive bonds between adjacent solar cells

0 overlaps within the supercell use a different conductive adhesive than the conductive bonds between the supercell and the flexible electrical interconnect 5d. The solar module according to Clause 14d, where each of the conductive adhesives can be cured in the same curing step. 6. The solar module according to clause 13d where the conductive bond on one side of at least one 5 of the solar cell inside the supercell uses a different conductive adhesive than the conductive bond on the other side 7d. The solar module according to Clause 16d, where each of the conductive adhesives can be cured in the same curing step. 8 d. solar module according to 13d; Where the conductive bonds between adjacent 0 interlocking solar cells accommodate the differential motion between each cell and the glass front plate is greater than or equal to about 15 microns.

9. the solar module according to clause 13d; Where the conductive bonds between adjacent, interlocking solar LANs have a thickness perpendicular to the solar cells of less than or equal to about 50 µm and a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cells greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/(m-K). 0.. The solar module according to clause 3 cal where the first elastic interconnection withstand thermal expansion or contraction of the first elastic interconnection is greater than or equal to about 40 microns. 1. The solar module according to yall 13d where the part of the first flexible electrical interconnection connected in a conductive manner to the supercell is similar to eda yi consisting of copper ¢ and has a perpendicular Slaw on the surface of the solar cell attached to it of less than or equal to about 50 μm. 2 . The solar module according to clause 521 where the hall of the first flexible electrical interconnect connected in a conductive manner to the supercell being similar to eda yi formed of copper ¢ and having a perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell attached to it of less than or equal to about 30 microns . 3. The solar module according to clause 221) wherein the first flexible electrical interconnection has an embedded conductive copper ein that is not bonded to the solar cell and provides a conductivity higher than nll than the first flexible electrical interconnection that is conductively bonded to the solar cell. 5 24D The solar module according to clause a2] where the first flexible electrical interconnection has a width greater than or equal to about 10 mm in the plane of the solar cell surface in a direction perpendicular to the current flow through the interconnection. The first flexible electrical interconnection is connected in a conductive way to a conductor close to the solar cell that provides higher conductivity than the first electrical interconnection 0 6. The solar module according to clause 213 is arranged in a roofed manner overlapping with another solar module to which it is electrically connected in an overlapping area. Parasol includes:

A group of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows; Each supercell comprises an array of rectangular or very rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected directly to each other (and) to electrically connect the silicon solar cells on the sesh 5

A contact gasket with a discreet outlet that does not conduct much current in normal operation is located on the back surface of a first solar cell ¢ where the first solar cell is at a position intermediate along the length of a first of the supercells in

0 in parallel to at least the second solar cell in a second row of supercells. 8 d. The solar module according to clause 7d includes an electrical interconnection linked to the contact gasket with a concealed outlet and an electrical interconnection of the contact gasket with a concealed outlet to the solar cell call, where the electrical interconnection does not extend to a great extent along the length of the first solar cell and the metallization pattern of the back surface on the solar cell The first provides a conductive path to the outlet contact gasket

It is not shown that the resistivity of the board is less than or equal to about 5 ohms per square metre. 229 The solar module according to clause 27 where a group of supercells is arranged in three or more parallel rows extending along the width of the solar module perpendicular to Stall and the contact gasket with a concealed outlet is electrically connected to a concealed contact gasket on at least one The solar cell has in each of the rows of superconducting cells rows

0 supercells in parallel; JS connects at least one data transfer to a concealed socket contact pad or to an interconnect between a concealed socket contact pad that connects to a branching diode or other electronic device. The solar module according to clause 27 includes an electrical interconnection (pe) connected in a conductive manner to the contact gasket dale, which is not visible, to connect it electrically to the solar cell, Lal, where:

The part of the flexible electrical interconductor being conductively attached to the contact gasket to a discreet socket eda yi shaped like a clad and having a perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell to which it is attached is less than or equal to about 50 μm; The conductive bond between the contact pad with a concealed outlet and the flexible electrical interconnection causes the flexible electrical interconnection to tolerate a mismatch in thermal expansion between the first solar cell and the flexible interconnection; And to accommodate the relative movement between the first solar cell and the second solar cell resulting from thermal expansion for a temperature range ranging from about -40 C to about 180 2 without damaging the solar module. 1. The solar module according to clause 227 (where in the operation of the solar module the contact gasket other than 0 the first phenomenon can conduct a current greater than the current generated in any one of the solar cells. 2. The solar module according to clause 027 where the front surface of the first solar cell which means 3. The solar module according to clause 027) where any area of the front surface of the first solar cell 5 that is not overlapped by gia of the adjacent solar cell in the first supercell is not occupied by contact pads or any of the features Other interconnection 4. The solar module according to clause 27 where in each super cell most of the cells do not have concealed outlet contact gaskets 5. The solar module according to clause 034 (Gua) cells with concealed outlet contact gaskets have a larger light gathering area Of the cells that do not have gaskets in contact with an outlet that is not visible 6. The solar unit according to Paragraph 227 arranged in a roofed manner overlapping with another solar unit to which it is connected electrically in an overlapping area. 237 A solar unit includes:

front panel of glass;

backboard

A group of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows between the headboard

Glass and back plate » Each supercell comprises an array of rectangular or very rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of the cells

Adjacent silicon solar panels are interlocked and flexibly bonded in a direct-to-connect manner

some to electrically connect silicon solar cells in series; And

The first electrically flexible interconnection is rigidly connected conductively to a first cell of

supercells;

0 1 where flexible conductive bonds are formed between the interlocking solar cells from a first adhesive material and have a shear modulus of less than or equal to about 800 MPa; Wherein, the rigid conductive bond between the first supercell and the first elastic electrical interconnect is formed from a second conductive adhesive and has a shear modulus of ≥ 00 MPa.

5 38 d. The solar module according to clause 0237 where the first conductive adhesive and the second conductive adhesive are different ¢ Saag and z each of the conductive material daa in the same curing step 9. A solar module in accordance with clause 037 where the conductive bonds between adjacent solar LANs have a thickness perpendicular to the solar cells of less than or equal to about 50 microns

And a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cells is greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/(m-K). 0 . The solar unit, according to Paragraph 337, is arranged in a roofed manner, overlapping with another solar unit to which it is connected electrically in an overlapping area.

1e. A solar module comprising: a number not greater than or equal to about 150 rectangular or more or less rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as a group of supercells in two or more parallel rows; each supercell comprising a group of silicon solar cells arranged on the same Line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells

interlocking and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect silicon solar cells in series; The supercells are electrically connected to provide a high direct current voltage of ≥90 volts. 2e. A solar unit according to cal comprising one or more flexible sesh interconnectors arranged for electrical connection a group of supercells in series to provide direct current voltage

0 elevated. 3e. solar module according to 2e; Unit-level power electronics include a transformer that converts high DC voltage to AC voltage. 4e. solar module according to ml 3e; Where the unit-level power electronics sense elevated direct current voltages and operate the unit at an optimum current voltage capability point.

5 5e. A cal solar module comprises module-level power electronics electrically connected into single pairs adjacent to consecutively connected rows of supercells. Electrically connect one or more pairs of rows of supercells in series to provide high direct current voltages; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage into alternating current voltage. 6e. The solar module according to paragraph A5 where the electronics sense the power at the module level

0 voltage across each single pair of supercell rows and occupies each single pair of supercell rows at an optimum current voltage capacity point. 7e. solar module in accordance with clause 6e; where the unit-level power electronics switch a single pair of rows of supercells from a high DC voltage supply circuit if the voltage across the pair of rows is below a limit value.

8e. A cal solar module comprises module-level power electronics electrically connected to each individual row of supercells. electrically connect two or more rows of supercells in series to provide high direct current voltage; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage into alternating current voltage.

9e. solar module in accordance with clause 8e; Where the unit-level power electronics sense the voltage across each individual row of supercells and operate each individual row of the superWAY at an optimum current voltage capability point. 0e. The solar module according to clause 29 where the electronics module level power switch single row supercell from a high direct current voltage supply circuit if the voltage across

0 The row of hyper cells is below a threshold value. 1e. A solar module according to clause al comprises module-level power electronics electrically connected to each individual supercell; Wile connects two or more supercells in series to provide high direct current voltages; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage into alternating current voltage.

5 12 e. The solar module according to [al] wherein the module-level power electronics sense the voltage across each individual supercell and operate each individual supercell at a corresponding current voltage power point. 3e. The solar module in accordance with clause 212 where electronics unit-level power switch single supercell from a high DC voltage supply circuit if the voltage across the supercell is below a limit value.

0 14 e. solar module according to ca] in which each supercell is electrically divided into a group of sections by an undisclosed ale; The solar module comprises the power electronics at both module levels electrically connected to each section of each supercell through discreet sockets; Electrically connected to two or sections in series to provide high direct current voltages; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage into alternating current voltage.

5e. the solar module in accordance with Paragraph 14 e; Cus electronics unit level power sensing

The voltage across each individual section of each AB cell and occupies each individual section at an ampere-voltage capacity point

6. The solar module according to Clause 15e; Where electronics power is at the unit-key department level

Single from a high voltage DC supply circuit if the voltage across the section is less than

boundary value.

7e. solar module according to any of paragraphs a 6 e; 9e; 12 e; or 15H; where is a point

The optimum voltage current capacity is the maximum current-voltage capacity point.

8e. solar module according to any of paragraphs 3H-17H; Cus electronics unit level power lacks a direct current to direct current boost component.

219 Solar Unit according to any of Paragraphs 1H-18H; where is not greater than or equal to about

0. is greater than or equal to about 250 greater than or equal to about 300,; greater than or equal to

about 350; greater than or equal to about 400; greater than or equal to about 450; greater than or

equals about 500; greater than or equal to about 550; Greater than or equal to about 600 Greater than or equal to 1 5 650’ Or greater than or equal to about 700.

0e. solar module according to any of paragraphs 1H-19H; Where is the high direct current voltage

Greater than or equal to about 120 volts Greater than or equal to about 180 volts Greater than or equal to

about 240 volts greater than or equal to about 300 volts greater than or equal to about 360 volts

Greater than or equal to about 420V Greater than or equal to about 480V Greater than or equal to 0 About 540V or greater than or equal to about 600V.

1 2 e. Photovoltaic solar system includes:

Two or more solar modules electrically connected in parallel; And

adapter 3

Where each solar module comprises not more than or equal to Mss 150 rectangular or very rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as an array of supercells in two or more parallel rows; Each supercell in each module comprises two or more silicon solar cells in that module arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other to connect

electrolytic silicon solar cells in series” and in each sang the supercells are electrically connected to provide a direct current unit output of high voltage greater than or equal to about 90 volts; Where the converter is electrically connected to the two or more solar modules to convert their high-voltage direct current output into alternating current.

0 22 e. photovoltaic solar system in accordance with clause 21e; Where each solar module includes one or more flexible electrical interconnections arranged to electrically connect the supercells in the solar module in series to provide a high voltage direct current output to the solar module. 3. The photovoltaic solar system according to Gall 21e; It includes at least the third solar module electrically connected in series with the first cell of the two or more solar modules

5 electrically connected in parallel; wherein the third solar module comprises a number SN of or equal to about 150 rectangular or very rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as an array of supercells in two or more parallel rows; Each supercell in the third solar module comprises two or more silicon solar cells in that module arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and linked

0 in a conductive manner to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; In the third solar module the supercells are electrically connected to provide a high voltage direct current output to the module of greater than or equal to about 90 volts. 224 The photovoltaic solar system according to Paragraph 23E »includes at least a fourth solar unit connected electrically in series with a second row of two or more solar units

electrically connected in parallel; wherein the fourth solar module comprises a STN number of or equal to about 150 rectangular or more or less rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as an array of supercells in two or more parallel rows; Each supercell in the fourth solar module comprises two or more silicon solar cells in that module arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series. Fourth Solar Module The supercells are electrically connected to provide a high voltage direct current output to the module of ≥90V. 425 Solar Photovoltaic System in accordance with paragraphs 21E-24E; Includes order 0 fuses to prevent a short circuit in any one of the solar modules from dissipating the power generated by the other solar modules. 6 pm. The photovoltaic solar system according to any of Paragraphs 21H-25H; It includes blocking diodes arranged to prevent a short circuit in any one of the solar modules from dissipating the power generated by the other solar modules. 5 27 e. The photovoltaic solar system according to any of Paragraphs 21H-26H; It includes positive and negative cables to which the two or more solar modules are electrically connected in parallel and the transformer is electrically connected to them. 8 e. A solar voltaic system Sa according to any of paragraphs 1 226-22 comprises a collector box to which the two or more solar modules are electrically connected by a separate conductor”; 0 The collector box electrically connects the solar modules in parallel. 229 Solar voltaic system Sa pursuant to clause 228 where the collector box shall include fuses arranged to prevent a short circuit in any one of the solar modules from dissipating the power generated by the other solar modules.

230 Solar System Volta Sa pursuant to clause 228 or clause 9e where the collector box shall include blocking diodes arranged to prevent a short circuit in any one of the solar modules from dissipating the power generated by the other solar modules. 231 Solar Photovoltaic System according to any of Paragraphs 21H-30H; where the converter is

bee 5 To operate the solar modules at a DC voltage higher than the lowest set value to avoid back-tilting the module. 2 m. The photovoltaic solar system according to any of paragraphs 230-221 where the transformer is configured to recognize the condition of tilting back and the solar modules operate with a voltage that avoids the condition of tilting back.

0 33 AH. solar module according to any of clauses 221-232 where it is not greater than or equal to about 200« greater than or equal to about 250 greater than or equal to about 300» greater than or equal to about 350; greater than or equal to about 400 greater than or equal to about 450; greater than or equal to about 500; Greater than or equal to about 550 Greater than or equal to about 600 Greater than or equal to about 650« Or greater than or equal to about 00 .

5 34 AH. The solar unit according to any of the paragraphs 21 AH-33 AH; where the high DC voltage is greater than or equal to about 120 V greater than or equal to about 180 V; greater than or equal to about 240 dali greater than or equal to about 300 volts; greater than or equal to about 0V greater than or equal to about 420V greater than or equal to about 480V; Greater than or equal to about 540V or greater than or equal to about 600V.

0 35 AH. The photovoltaic solar system according to any of the paragraphs 221-234 placed above 6 3 e. Photovoltaic solar system includes:

A first solar module has a SIN number of or equal to about 150 solar WAY

The elongated or substantially rectangular silicon is arranged as an array of supercells in two

or more in parallel rows; each supercell comprises an array of solar cells

Silicon arranged in line with the long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the solar cells from

straight silicon; And

adapter;

The supercells are electrically connected to provide a high direct current voltage of greater than or

equals about 90 volts to the transformer; which converts direct current into alternating current.

0 317 e. photovoltaic solar system in accordance with clause 36e; The converter is a micro-inverter integrated with the first solar module.

238 Photovoltaic Solar System in accordance with Paragraph 36E »; Whereas, the first solar module comprises one or more flexible electrical interconnections arranged to electrically connect the supercells of the solar module in series to provide a high voltage direct current output to the solar module.

5 39 e. The photovoltaic solar system according to any of paragraphs 36H-38H; comprising at least the second solar module electrically connected in series with the first solar module; wherein the second solar module comprises a STN number of or equal to about 150 rectangular or more or less rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as an array of supercells in two or more parallel rows; Each supercell in a second solar module contains two or more solar cells

0 silicon solar cells in that a unit arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; In the second solar module the supercells are electrically connected to provide a high voltage direct current output to the module of greater than or equal to about 90 volts.

0e. The solar module according to any of clauses 236-239 where the converter lacks a DC-to-DC boosting component. 1e. solar module according to any of clauses 240-236 where it is not greater than or equal to about 00 greater than or equal to about 250« greater than or equal to about 300» greater than or equal to about 350; greater than or equal to about 400; greater than or equal to about 450; greater than or equal to about 500; greater than or equal to about 550 greater than or equal to about 600 greater than or equal to about 650; or greater than or equal to about 700.242 solar units according to me from Paragraphs 36H-41H; Cun High DC voltage is greater than or equal to about 120V greater than or equal to about 180V; greater than or equal to about 0 240 ST ald than or equal to about 300 ald greater than or equal to about 0 volts greater than or equal to about 420 dal greater than or equal to about 480 volts; Greater than or equal to about 540V or greater than or equal to about 600V. 243 solar modules comprising: a number not greater than or equal to about 250 rectangular or substantially rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as a group of cells connected in super-series in two or more parallel rows; Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded directly to each other with an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive to electrically conduct the silicon solar cells in the supercell respectively; and 0 is less than one branching diode per 25 solar cells; Wherein, the Ula and electrically conductive adhesive forms bonds between adjacent solar WIAs having a thickness perpendicular to the solar cells of less than or equal to about 50 microns and a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cells greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/(m-K).

4 e. The solar module according to paragraph 43 e », where the super cells are encapsulated in a thermoplastic olefin layer between the front and back wafer. 245 solar module according to paragraph 43 e », where the super cells are encapsulated between the front and back glass sheets.

46 e. The solar module according to Paragraph 43 e; Include less than one branching diode for every 30 solar cells; or less than one branching diode per 50 solar cells; or less than one branching diode per 100 solar cells; or only one branching diode; or does not include a bypass diode. 7e. The solar module according to Paragraph 43 e; It does not include a bypass diode; or a single diode

0 only for branching; or not more than three branching diodes; or not more than six branching diodes; or no more than ten branching diodes. 8e. The solar module according to Paragraph 43 e; The conductive bonds between the interconnected solar cells provide mechanical compatibility with the supercells that accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the supercells and the glass front plate in a row-parallel direction for a temperature range of about -

5 40m to about 100m without damaging the solar module. 9e. The solar unit according to any of the paragraphs 43 AH-48 AH; Cus is not greater than or equal to about 300 greater than or equal to about 350 greater than or equal to about 400« greater than or equal to about 0450 greater than or equal to about 500 greater than or equal to about 550; greater than or equal to about 600 greater than or equal to about 650; or greater than or equal to about 700.

0 50 e. A solar module according to any of clauses 243-249 where the super LAY is electrically connected to provide a high DC voltage of ≥120V; greater than or equal to about 180V; Greater than or equal to about 240V Greater than or equal to about 300V Greater than or equal to about 360V Greater than or equal to about 420V Greater than or

Equal to about 480 volts Greater than or equal to about 540 volts Or greater than or equal to about 0 volts. 1 th. Solar system includes. The solar module according to Paragraph 43 e; and an inverter electrically connected to the solar module and configured to convert the DC output of the solar module to provide AC output 252 of the solar power system in accordance with clause 251 where the inverter lacks DC for the DC booster component 3e. the solar energy system in accordance with Paragraph 51e; Where the transformer is configured to operate the solar module

0 at a DC voltage higher than the lowest set value to avoid anti-tilting of the solar cell. 4e. solar energy system according to ll 53 e; Cua is the lowest dad voltage based on temperature. 5e. the solar energy system in accordance with Paragraph 51 e; The inverter is configured to recognize a tilt-back condition and operates the solar module with a voltage that avoids the tilt-back condition.

5 56 e. the solar energy system in accordance with Paragraph 55 e; Where the inverter is configured to operate the solar module in the local maximum area of the voltage-current capacity curves of the solar module to avoid the reverse tilt condition. It's gone. The solar energy system according to any of the paragraphs 1 256-256 where the inverter is a micro inverter integrated with the solar module.

1f. solar WAN manufacturing method; The method includes: rendering the solar cell wafer along a Mohs surface; and

The solar cell against the arched surface and then slit the solar cell wafer along one or more pre-processed graph lines to separate a group of solar cells from the solar cell wafer. 2and. the method according to paragraph 1 [f; Where the arched surface is a curved portion of the upper surface of a vacuum manifold that applies vacuum pressure to the lower surface of the solar cell wafer. 3f. The method is according to paragraph 2f, where the vacuum pressure exerted on the lower surface of the solar cell wafer by the vacuum manifold varies along the direction of movement of the solar cell wafer and is strongest in the vacuum manifold region in which the solar cell wafer is split. 0 for atmosphere. The method according to §2f or §3f comprises transporting the solar cell wafer along the arched top surface of the vacuum manifold with a clamp belt; The vacuum pressure is applied to the bottom surface of the solar cell wafer through holes in the perforated belt. K5W. The method is in accordance with section LO where the holes in the belt are so arranged that the protruding and trailing edges of the solar cell wafer along the direction of movement in the solar cell wafer shall cover at least one hole 5 in the belt. 6j. The method according to any of paragraphs 2, -5, and » comprises of advancing the solar cell wafer along a flat area of the upper surface of the vacuum manifold to reach the transitional arched region of the upper surface of the vacuum manifold having a first curvature; The solar cell wafer is then introduced into the cleavage region of the upper surface of the vacuum manifold where the cleavage of the solar cell wafer takes place. The 0 fission region of the vacuum manifold has a second curvature that is narrower than the first curvature. 57. According to the method according to Sal 6 and Cus, the curvature of the transition region is determined by a continuous geometric form increasing sla.

8f. The method is according to § 7f wherein the curvature of the cleavage region is determined by the increasing sla. 9 and . the method in accordance with paragraph 6 and; It involves presenting the split solar cells in a post-fission region of the vacuum manifold having a third curvature narrower than the second curvature. 10f. Method according to § 9 and Gua Arc Zone Curvatures (AMERY) Fission Zone; The region after fission is defined by a single continuous geometry of increasing curvature. 1j. the method according to paragraph 7, paragraph 8f or paragraph 10f; Cus The continuous geometrical body of increasing curvature is a sail. 2j. The method according to any of paragraphs 51-511” involves applying stronger vacuum pressure between the solar cell wafer and the arc surface at one end of each copy line and then at the opposite end of each copy line to provide an asymmetric voltage distribution along each copy line that enhances nucleation and diffusion One crack cracked along each copy line. 3j. The method according to any of Paragraphs 51-512” includes A) curved surface split solar cells; Where the edges of the split solar cells do not touch prior to removal of the solar cells from the curved surface. 4j. The method according to any of paragraphs 513-51 includes: laser copying the graph lines on the solar cell wafer; applying an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to portions of the top surface of the solar cell wafer before bisecting the solar cell wafer along the graph lines; Where each split solar cell has an ey of electrically conductive adhesive bonded along the split edge of its top surface.

5j. The method according to Paragraph 514 “includes laser copying of stylus lines; And then put electrically conductive adhesive tape. 6j. The method according to Paragraph 514 “includes the application of an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material; And then laser copying the stencil lines.

17r. MANUFACTURING METHOD A series of solar cells from WAY split solar made by the method according to my paragraphs 516-514 wherein split solar cells are rectangular; The method includes: Arranging a group of rectangular solar cells (Lay) aligned with long sides of adjacent rectangular solar cells overlapping in a roofing manner with a part of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material.

0 placed between; maturation of the electrically conductive binder; Then connect the adjacent rectangular solar cells to each other and connect them electrically in series. 8j. the method in accordance with any of paragraphs 1, -17 and; Where the solar cell chip is a terrible or a pseudo terrible silicon solar cell chip. .G1 15 Solar Cell Series Manufacturing Method; The method includes: forming a back surface metallization pattern on each one or more of the aerated solar cells; Stencil print an entire front surface metallized pattern onto each of one or more terrific solar cells using a one stencil in one stencil printing step; 9 EACH SQUARE SOLAR CELL INTO TWO OR MORE RECTANGULAR SOLAR CELLS 0 TO CONSTRUCTION FROM ONE OR MORE TERRIBLE SOLAR LAY A group of rectangular solar cells each including a full front surface metallization pattern and a back surface metallization pattern;

Arranging a group of rectangular solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular solar cells overlapping in a roofed manner; and adjacent ones overlapping each other with an electrically conductive bond placed between them to electrically connect the metallization pattern of the front surface of one of the rectangular solar cells in the pair to the pattern

Metallization of the back surface of the other rectangular solar cells in the pair; Then the electrical connection to a group of rectangular solar cells in series. 2. The method according to clause (G1 where all parts of the stencil defining one or more features of the metallization pattern of the front surface on one or more solar cells da yal) are bound

0 with physical connections to other parts of the stencil to extend in the plane of the stencil while printing a stencil. 3. The method according to gyal 61; Where the metallization pattern of the front surface on each rectangular solar cell includes a group of fingers oriented perpendicular to the long sides of the rectangular solar cell and one of the fingers in the metallization pattern of the front surface that is connected bale to each other

5 Some with a metal pattern for the front surface. 4. The method according to “G3” where the fingers have width values ranging from about 10 microns to about 90 microns. 5. The method according to “G3” where the fingers have width values ranging from about 10 microns to about 50 microns.

0 66. The method is in accordance with Paragraph 63; The fingers have width values ranging from about 10 microns to about 30 microns. 7. the manner in accordance with Paragraph 63; The fingers have height values perpendicular to the front surface of the rectangular solar cell ranging from about 10 μm to about 50 μm.

8. The method according to “G3” where the fingers have vertical elevation values on the front surface of the rectangular solar cell of about 30 microns or greater. 9. The method according to (G3) wherein the metallization pattern of the front surface on each rectangular solar cell comprises a set of contact gaskets arranged parallel to and adjacent to an edge of the long side of the rectangular solar cell, so that each contact gasket is located at tip 1 of the corresponding toe.

0. The method according to (G3) wherein the back surface metallization pattern on each rectangular solar cell includes a group of contact gaskets arranged in a row parallel to and adjacent to an edge of the long side of the rectangular solar cell, and each pair of adjacent overlapping rectangular solar cells is arranged so that Each of the gaskets touches the back surface on one of the pairs

0 rectangular solar cells are aligned with and electrically connected to a corresponding finger in the metallization pattern of the front surface on the other of the rectangular solar cells in the pair. 1. Method dg of ©63; wherein the back surface metallization pattern on each rectangular solar cell comprises a busbar running parallel to and adjacent to an edge of the long side of the rectangular solar cell; Each pair of adjacent overlapping rectangular solar cells is arranged with a rod

5 Connection on one of the pair of interlocking rectangular solar cells and electrically connected with the fingers in the metallization pattern of the front surface on the other cell of the rectangular solar cells in the pair. 2. method lg of 3©; Cus : the metallization pattern of the front surface on each rectangular solar cell comprising a set of contact pads arranged parallel to and adjacent to the edge of the long side of the rectangular solar cell; such that the contacts are arranged in a row parallel to and adjacent to an edge of the long side of the rectangular solar cell; And

Each pair of adjacent interlocking rectangular solar cells is arranged so that each of the back surface contact pads is on one of the pair of interlocking rectangular solar cells with and electrically connected to a corresponding contact pad in the metallization pattern of the front surface on the SAY cell of the rectangular solar cells in the pair .

613. The method according to (G12) wherein the rectangular solar cells in each pair of adjacent interlocking rectangular solar cells are conductively bonded to each other by distinct portions of electrically conductive binder placed between the front surface and back surface overlapping contact pads.

4. The method according to (G3) wherein the rectangular solar cells in each pair of adjacent interlocking rectangular 0 solar cells are conductively bonded to each other by distinct portions of electrically conductive binder placed between the overlapping ends of the fingers in the metallization pattern of the front surface of one pair of Rectangular solar cells and the pattern of metallization of the back surface of the other pair of rectangular solar LAY 5. The method according to “G3” where the rectangular solar cells in each pair of adjacent overlapping rectangular solar cells 5 are connected in a conductive way to each other with a broken or continuous line of electrically conductive binder placed between the overlapping ends of the fingers in the metallization pattern of the front surface of one pair of rectangular solar cells and the pattern of the metallization of the back surface of the other pair of rectangular solar cells; continuous or dashed line 0 616. Method according to G3 where: the metallization pattern of the front surface on each rectangular solar cell comprising a set of contact pads arranged parallel to and adjacent to an edge of the long side of the rectangular solar cell; so that each gasket is in contact with the corresponding fingertip; And

Rectangular solar cells in each pair of adjacent, overlapping rectangular solar cells are conductively connected to each other a distinct shal of electrically conductive binder material placed between the contact gaskets in the metallization pattern of the front surface of one pair of rectangular solar cells and the metallization pattern of the back surface of a pair A AY of rectangular solar cells. 617. Method according to clause G3 where: the metallization pattern of the front surface on each rectangular solar cell comprises a set of contact pads arranged parallel to and adjacent to an edge of the long side of the rectangular solar cell; so that each gasket is in contact with the corresponding fingertip; The rectangular solar cells in each pair of adjacent, overlapping rectangular solar cells are connected conductively to each other with a broken or continuous line of electrically conductive binder placed between the contact gaskets in the metallization pattern of the front surface of one pair of rectangular solar cells and the metallization pattern of the back surface of the other pair. of rectangular solar cells; Continuous or dashed line Electrically conductive bonding material An electrically interconnected connection of one or more fingers. 5 18g. the method in accordance with any of paragraphs 1g-17g; The metallization pattern of the front surface is formed from silver paste. 1 h. Method of manufacturing a group of solar cells; The method comprises: deposition of one or more front-surface amorphous silicon layers on a front-surface of a crystalline silicon wafer; Front surface amorphous silicon layers are illuminated at 0 WAY solar on; Deposition of one or more back surface amorphous silicon layers on the back surface of a crystalline silicon wafer on the opposite side of the crystalline silicon wafer from the front surface;

Patterning of one or AST of front surface amorphous silicon layers to form one or more front surface grooves in one or more front surface amorphous silicon layers; Deposition of a front surface passivation layer over one or more front surface amorphous silicon layers and in the front surface grooves ¢ Patterning one or more back surface amorphous silicon layers to form one or more back surface grooves in one or more amorphous silicon layers for the posterior surface each of one or more of the posterior surface grooves formed in line with a corresponding surface of the anterior surface are grooves; Deposition of a back surface passivation layer on one or more amorphous silicon layers of the back surface 0 and in the back surface grooves; A crystalline silicon wafer is cleaved at one or more cleavage planes. Each cleavage plane is concentric or substantially concentric on a different pair of corresponding anterior and posterior surface grooves. 2h. the method according to paragraph 1h; It has one or more front surface grooves to penetrate the front surface amorphous silicon layers to reach the front surface of the crystalline silicon wafer. 5 3h. method dg for clause 1h; It involves forming one or more back-surface grooves to penetrate one or more back-surface amorphous silicon layers to reach the back surface of the crystalline silicon wafer. 4h. the method according to paragraph 1h; It consists of a front surface passivation layer and a back surface passivation layer of transparent conductive oxide. 0 5h. the method according to paragraph 1h; It involves the use of a laser to induce thermal stress in a crystalline silicon wafer to cleavage a crystalline silicon wafer at one or more cleavage planes.

6h. the method according to paragraph 1h; Comprising mechanically cleavage of a crystalline silicon wafer at one or more planes of cleavage. 7h. the method according to paragraph 1h; wherein one or more front surface amorphous silicon layers form an NP interface with a crystalline silicon wafer. #h. The method according to Section 7 comprises bifurcation of a crystalline silicon wafer from its back surface side. 29 The method according to § 1 wherein one or more back-surface amorphous silicon layers form a 0-0 bond with a crystalline silicon wafer. 0h. The method according to 9h comprises bifurcation of a crystalline silicon wafer from its front 0 surface side. 11 h. Method of manufacturing a group of solar cells; The method includes: forming one or more grooves in a first surface of a crystalline silicon wafer; Deposition of one or more layers of amorphous silicon on the first surface of a crystalline silicon wafer; Deposition of a passivation layer in the grooves and on one or more amorphous silicon layers 5 on the first surface of the crystalline silicon wafer; Deposition of one or more amorphous silicon layers on a second surface of a crystalline silicon wafer on the opposite side of the crystalline silicon wafer from the first surface; A cleavage of a crystalline silicon wafer at one or more planes of cleavage Each plane of cleavage is concentric or substantially concentric to one groove different from one or more of the grooves. 0 12h. the method in accordance with paragraph 11h; It includes a transparent conductive oxide damping layer composition.

3h. The method according to paragraph 11h, comprises by using a laser to induce a thermal stress in a crystalline silicon wafer to bifurcate the crystalline silicon wafer at one or more planes of the cleavage. 4h. Method Gg of § 11 or includes mechanically slicing a crystalline silicon wafer at one or more cleavage planes. 15h. the method in accordance with paragraph 11h; Where one or more silicon layers form an amorphous first surface NP bond with a crystalline silicon wafer. 6h. the method in accordance with paragraph 11h; where the one or ST of the second aqueous crystalline silicon layers forms an NP bond with a crystalline silicon wafer. 7h. The method is according to Section 11h where the first surface of the crystalline silicon wafer is illuminated by light 0 in the operation of the solar cells. 8 h. The method is according to Section 11h where the second surface of the crystalline silicon wafer is illuminated by the light in the operation of the solar cells. 9 h. Solar level comprising: 5 same line with terminal parts of adjacent solar WIA overlapping in a capped manner and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the solar cells in series; Each solar cell includes a crystalline silicon base; One or more first surface of amorphous silicon layers placed on first surface of sac al crystalline silicon to form an N—p link One or more first surface amorphous silicon layers of second surface placed on second surface of crystalline silicon 0 base on opposite side of base crystalline silicon from the first surface and passivation layers preventing combination (Jalal) at the edges of the first surface amorphous silicon layers; at the edges of the second surface amorphous silicon layers; Or at the edges of the first surface amorphous silicon layers and the edges of the second surface amorphous silicon layers.

0h. The solar panel according to §19) where the damping layers comprise a transparent conductive oxide. solar panel to be illuminated by solar radiation while the solar panel is in operation G1.3 solar module comprising: No greater than or equal to about 250 LAY rectangular or substantially rectangular silicon solar panels arranged as an array of cells connected in super series in two or More than parallel rows; each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded directly to each other with an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive; silicon solar cells in a series supercell; and one or more branching diodes, wherein each pair of adjacent parallel rows in the solar module is electrically connected to a solar cell 5 1 diode located centrally in one row of the pair and conductively connected to a surface electrical contact The back has an adjacent solar cell in the other row of the pair. G2. The solar module according to Clause G1 where each pair of adjacent parallel rows is electrically connected to at least one of the other branching diodes which is 0 conductively connected to an electrical contact on the back surface on an adjacent solar cell in the other row of the pair. kg3. Solar module according to SAL G2 where each pair of adjacent parallel rows is electrically connected to at least one other branching diode which is connected in a manner

is connected to an electrical contact on the back surface on an adjacent solar cell in the other row of the pair. x4. The solar module according to clause G1 where the thermally and electrically conductive adhesive forms bonds between adjacent solar cells having a thickness perpendicular to the solar cell of less than or equal to about 50 microns and a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar WAY greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/ (m - K). khg5. The solar module according to Clause G1 where the super cells are encapsulated in a thermoplastic olefin layer between the front and back glass sheets. 0 x6. The solar module according to Clause G1, where the conductive links between the overlapping solar cells provide mechanical compatibility with the super cells that accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the super cells and the glass front panel in a direction parallel to the rows for a temperature range ranging from about -40 C to about 100 C without damage solar module. G7. The solar module according to any of Clauses G1-G6; where not greater than or equal to about 300« greater than or equal to about 350 greater than or equal to about 400 greater than or equal to about 450 ST of or equal to about 500; greater than or equal to about 550; greater than or equal to about 600 greater than or equal to about 650; or greater than or equal to about 700. kg8. The solar module according to any of Clauses G1-G7; Where supercells are electrically connected to provide a high DC voltage of greater than or equal to about 120 V greater than or equal to 0 about 180 ST dads of or equal to about 240 V ST of or equal to about 300 V greater than or equal to about 360V is greater than or equal to about 420V is greater than or equal to about 480V; greater than or equal to about 540 alg or greater than or equal to about 600 volts. G9. solar i energy system

Solar module in accordance with clause G1 ¢ f an inverter electrically connected to the solar module and configured to convert the DC output of the solar module to provide AC output G10. the solar energy system in accordance with Clause G9; Where the transformer lacks 06 of the DC booster component 5 . G11. The solar energy system according to Clause (Of) where the transformer Lge is to operate the solar module at a direct current voltage higher than the lowest set value to avoid tilting the solar cell back. G12. The solar energy system according to Clause G11 where the lowest voltage dad is based on Temperature 0 G13 Solar energy system according to Off sail where the converter is configured to recognize the state of reverse tilting and operates the solar module with a voltage that avoids the state of reverse tilt G14 Solar energy system according to Paragraph G13 where the transformer is prepared to operate the solar unit in the farthest area Localized to the voltage-current capacity curves of the solar module to avoid the anti-tilt condition Q15 Solar power system according to any of clauses G9-G14 where the inverter is a micro-inverter integrated with the solar module This disclosure is uly illustrative only further modifications are made clear to the person skilled in the field in the light of this disclosure and are intended to fall within the scope of the enclosed safeguards.

Claims (4)

Protection Elements 1- A solar module that includes the following: A group of super all cells installed in two or more parallel rows physically, as each super cell consists of a group of solar cells that are designed So that the 5 adjacent solar cells overlap and connect to each other, as the solar cells are connected electrically, Je electrically, respectively; Each group consists of WAY solar cells A front surface to be illuminated by sunlight while the unit is in operation and a rear surface to be in reverse position; As the first terminal interconnections or a group of first terminal connections extend transversely to the rows of the solar cell array that are located at the first end of the two or more parallel rows physically parallel and connected electrically; Extending terminal links sec or 0 A set of second terminal interconnections transversely extending to the rows of the 50188 solar cell array band located at a second end of the parallel rows Gale two or more opposite the first end separately and connected electrically; A set of concealed taper interconnects extend transversely to the rows along the rear surfaces of two or more array 50187 cells located in one or more longitudinal positions in the rows between 5 The first and second ends of the rows »; Concealed tip connections electrically connect the two or more solar cells array located in the same position to the single most longitudinal position in each row; a by-pass diode assembly; Whereas the first end interconnect or the first end interconnect group » the second end interconnect or the ASU and the concealed taper end interconnect is subdivided into 0 Electrically, each row is electrically divided into two or more longitudinal sections, and the sections of adjacent rows are electrically connected in adjacent rows in a parallel manner, thus forming two or more groups of row sections; And where each of the two or more groups of row segments is interconnected and connected electrically (sill electrically) by means of a different pass-through diode. 2- Gag solar module for protection element 1; Where each of the two or more parallel Gale rows contains two or more electrically connected super cells in series. 3- Gag solar module for protection element 1; Whereas: each of the two or more parallel rows of Gale contains only one supercell; Whereas the first terminal interconnector or the first terminal interconnection group; The second terminal interconnector or the second terminal interconnection group; A group of concealed taper connections electrically divides each supercell into two or more longitudinal sections and electrically connects electrically 0 contiguous supercell segments in adjacent rows in parallel; Thus, two or more groups of cell segments (AEN) are formed, where each of the two or more groups of supercell segments is connected and electrically connected in parallel by a different pass-through diode. 5 4- Gag solar module of protection element 1; The first terminal interconnection extends transversely to the rows to electrically connect each WIA group of solar cells located at the first end of each row to each other. 5- The Gig solar module of protection element 1, where the junction group extends Awl 0 The first terminal Said transversely to the rows to electrically connect each WIA group of solar cells located at the first terminal in each row between them. 6- Ug solar module of protection element 1; Where in each of the one or more longitudinal positions, one interlayer of a concealed taper extends transversely along the 5 back surfaces of two or more solar cells to connect the two or more From the group of solar cells, which are located in that longitudinal position in each row, they are electrically connected. 7- Gg solar module of protection 1; The 5 pass-through diodes are located along one or more of the circumferential edges of the solar module. .module pursuant to claim 1; where the diodes are located solar module -8 super cells to pass other than one or more supercells 5 10 9- solar module Gg solar module of protection 1; where the pass-through diodes are located in plane with the super cells 0 - Gy solar module of protection element 1; where the pass-through diodes are located between adjacent rows of super cells 1- The Gg solar module of protection element 1; The scroll diodes 5 are located along a centerline of the unit in their direction parallel to the rows of supercells .super cells 2- Gig solar module of protection element 1; Whereas, the by-pass diodes 5 are in a junction box located on the rear surface of the solar module that is not directly illuminated by the sun coun during operation of the solar module. solar module 5 13- Gag solar module of protection element 1; Cua that: each of the two or more parallel rows of Gale contains only one super cell; As it stretches One first terminal interconnector transverse extension to the rows to connect and electrically connect the 50188 cells array located at the first terminal of each row; A single second terminal is extended transversely to the rows to connect the LIAN solar cells array located at the Ob terminal of each row and connect them electrically; Where at each of the one or more longitudinal positions one or more concealed taper interfacial extends transversely along the rear surfaces of two or more solar cells array to connect the two or SY of the solar cell array +5018 cells which are located In that longitudinal position in each Lad row there is an electrical connection between them; and that the first terminal interface or the first set of interconnects; The second terminal interconnector or the set of terminal interconnections (dill) and the hidden 0 taper end joint set electrically divide each row into two or more longitudinal segments and electrically connect the segments of adjacent rows in adjacent rows in parallel, thus forming two or more groups of row segments, and where each of the two or more groups of row segments is connected and electrically connected in parallel by a pass-through diode 4- solar module Gg solar module of protection element 13, whereby the pass-through diodes are located along one 5- solar module of claim 13) where the pass-through diodes 0 are located along a center line of the module in their direction parallel to the super DAY rows .super cells 6- A solar module that includes the following: A group of super cells installed in two or more physically parallel rows, as each super cell consists of 5 groups of solar cells 50187 that is designed so that adjacent solar 5 solar cells overlap and connect to each other where solar cells are connected electrically in series; Each group of solar cells consists of a front surface to be illuminated pgm by the sun while the unit is in operation and a rear surface to be in the reverse position; As the first peripheral interconnections or a group of first peripheral connections extend transversely to the rows of the solar cell array, which are located at the first end of the parallel rows, Gale the two or more each separately, and connect them electrically; It spans second leaf links or a group of links A second peripheral interface, a transverse extension to the rows of solar cells, located at a second end of the two or more parallel rows, Gale, opposite the first end, each separately, and connected electrically; A first concealed taper interconnector or a group of concealed taper first interfaces extend transversely into rows along the rear surfaces of two or more 0 of the array of solar cells ©5018 located in longitudinal position Jl in the rows between the first and second ends of the rows; The first concealed tip interconnector or de gana connects the first taper interconnections to the two or more solar cells located in the first longitudinal position in each row and electrically connects them; A second taper interface or a group of concealed taper second interfaces extends in the transverse direction 5 to the rows along the posterior surfaces of two or more de sane solar cells situated in a second longitudinal position in the rows between the first and second ends of the rows; The second concealed taper interconnector or the second concealed taper interconnector group Lad electrically connects the two or more solar cells located in the second longitudinal position in each row; First-pass diodes 0 electrically conductive between the first terminal interconnection or the first terminal interconnection group and the concealed taper first interconnector or the second concealed taper interconnection assembly pass-through diodes li electrically conductive between the joint Concealed Taper 1st Interface or Concealed Taper 1st Interface or Concealed Taper 1st Interface or Concealed Taper 2nd Interface or Concealed Taper Set Interface 5 second for the hidden tip; and a third electrically conductive bypass diode between the second interface of the concealed taper or group of interfaces For the concealed taper and the second terminal interconnect or the second set of terminal interconnects. 7- The Bag solar module of protection element 16) where each of the two or more parallel Gale rows includes two or more electrically connected super cells in series. 8- The solar module solar module pursuant to claim 16) where each of the two or more parallel Gale rows comprises a single super cell 9- The solar module ag solar module of claim 18) where: one first terminal interconnection extends transversely to the rows to connect and electrically connect the array of solar cells located at the first terminal of each row; one second terminal interconnection extends transversely To the rows Jan the set of solar cells located at a second end of each row and connected 5 electrically, where JS is a position of one or more longitudinal positions one first interconnection of a concealed tapering extends transversely along the back surfaces of two or more Of the +5018 cells array situated in the first longitudinal position in the rows between the first and second ends of the rows; and the second interconnect of the concealed taper which is in electrical contact with the two or more of the solar cells array located in the initial longitudinal position 0 in each row and the first interconnection of the concealed-nip which is in electrical contact with the two or more solar cells array located the initial longitudinal position in each Cia and the second interconnector of the concealed-nipe which is in electrical contact with the two or more of The array of solar cells located in the second longitudinal position in each row. 5 20- A solar module that includes the following: A group of super cells installed in two or more parallel rows physically, as each super cell consists of A group of solar cells, solar cells, which are designed so that the adjacent solar cells 5 overlap and connect to each other, as the solar cells are connected electrically, electrically, in a row; Each array of solar cells consists of a front surface to be illuminated by sunlight while the unit is in operation and a rear surface to be in the reversed position; A set of interconnections of the concealed taper extend transversely into the two or more of the Parallel rows of Gale along the back surfaces of two or more solar cells; The group of hidden tapered terminal interconnections electrically connects the two or more solar cells that are located along each group of the tapered terminal interconnections to electrically divide each group of supercells super cells 0 to a series-connected group of segments with adjacent segments electrically conducting in parallel; As a first peripheral interconnection extends transversely to the rows for electrical connection between each group of solar cells located at the first end of the parallel rows, Gale two or more; A second terminal interconnector, Saal, extends transversely to the rows for electrical connection between each group of solar cells. cells 5 located at a second end of the parallel rows Gale two or more opposite the first end; and a set of pass-through diodes as the first terminal interface; The terminal asli (Asli) and the group of hidden taper terminal connections electrically divide each supercell into two or more longitudinal segments and electrically connect adjacent supercell segments in adjacent rows in parallel; This creates two sets or SSTs of segments 0 rows” and where each of the two or more groups of row segments is connected and electrically connected 0160008 in parallel by means of a different pass-through diode. ِِِِِِِ 0 A - 7 | A A A :::: 1:0. . . :: . 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ERE Ye Pe : i SE Lome gn eee i ¥ Lamha Lam . a bah e ah ah j jaat 1 ata *. er “resort, >< : ; Font form: A success ide J a SE as a « be neti } B Pa EE SA EN 2 0 3 { : : A ! . 8 : EY i 2 i a “ala { i + i LAN y i ¥ § : 3 i i eens X ; { ne TR A ox ArT { Aya er Se :: Al Aha 3 3 § i 1 { ! : 1 a | i { anu i ; : i SE I 1 > SN mamas 8 8 4 Jah A no RE ces of kd B No Sd Dmai 2 Sd Xa Mad Mil Alart 3 Baz A Alwhadi SR id > Ely allied with Sri aS CAN ee Sei os 5 Ah & CaN ai BAN & ae BY Pa > » 3 U < 3 J 8 7 ] $ § l § id d i § i 3 { 0 i { i $ § 8 i 8 i et : i 3 i a a 3 } ¥ lnt UO i i i 3 3 3 i } 8 ea ase i : 1 : l . sont i Pe a aes sheers § 1 a SRR a spe EE Res ASR { 3 x m hay i 3 3 8 d i ; }} + 3 x 1 ° 8: £ Luminous under it is under it until I died, so you will not like it. 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Quarterly m 1 1 ms kha: + Ye eng dood 00 “1: No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no one, no one, no one, no one, no one, no one, no one, the least, the least, the least, the least, the least, the least, the least, the least, the most lahh, the most lahh, lahh) Amsa A 1 Al-Ja’a Amna Atat A A A A AA Al-Lal Jalal Al-At It was necessary for the mothers to come down as a son of Raja amd Irim Attab to satisfy my needs Prada: te A-L-A-1 L (: Ljsa-L-ER Er BE nl BE 8 B: ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ‘ ‘ ‘ 0 TaN © 0 3 Ri : 5 1 5 a 8 Fee aw 8 i 7 ES the “x RE” Fumes wl 0 1 For Cat 4 0 A SRL . : 0 5 . . . HE 3 8 a la “> Fm ood: iE 1 i: rr reece err err errr eden rr reece err errr eden sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss with 1: 21 21 : 8 0 + : “> 21 2 0 1 21 i 3 3 3 1 yi ya R 4 % 21 3 : 0 TY i ja 0 i a m 1 3 1 3 x 3 3 ¢ Red Baja 4 Jjmmjt Jal Jah Jb = Dream = : L Frid re Tune $ 5 M A M W Ss La Sa F- 8 3X : 8 1 i oo : i ga aa lo 8 time —— i SR : 1 1 a : 3 3 3 3 a :. “> a la taht talah hat > “> $k 8 i Prove - . cond 3 : ¥ 3 5 TH 3 3h 1 0 3 3 Froanannsananend rents distaste dB? iF : LE TE 2 3 : iE YE red breve Briere Brito feeeeierirorroeid NE 4 i laa § 1 la a aa Rl ataj al alam pa lamju maj maj ja galal § 2 l Prosar insssegirasaasd } § Right 3. id 2 5 coc ssa iessaapierssasagtansaeeasad dahn tammamsa § Posse sss Rss Rss § § Vi 8 ; 1 ا ا ا § rial 5 3 5 ¥ ne ia 8 iE 0 Eo ys R 1 3 8 8 lms l l :0 1 : 0 1 8 5 {Eres Tag PRs § x 4 3 : 3 $3 § Ha Hat Hattat $i Biggie Pocket VT x A I aad E NX uaa aa aaa aa a 0 % ay 1 1 3 l l l nbb the i oh 8 i 3 VE 5 : 1 aj l a b g 1 1 : i dead. |it 1 1 1 0 die mm slt l a d it 3 3 mm - 8 if iF 3 1 deed i m a l i AE : a 1 : 4 5 “> NY x YE Froese gered: § § Bb Re Ren SF 5 21 1 : fiers fioessssssssafiesesesond | a and i sms 0 l l l § open below hka? 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A L 1 Bok 3 p v l l a l l l a aa Ri 8 > 03 wi alan deat A A Toml A E AE Case No: 1 iss ss fe ssaa sll l l l l i 0 81 a 5 t. . The most correct is the atta for the father i & BUR 3h : So 8 3 b B aaa but the instruments | Ey mn i 3 alma la la la ree omni GE, ; : a l l mm mm mm B a ; emi meee Hh mee Bo aioe Br mm 2h shee § rtm ee ‎erent eee nee tad ea) ; ERR RY 5 3 8 mmsssn: Faas) 8 8 lah that no Fras freed Bassani a SR iF - RT ° : Th) y/ going J. po ys 1 msd nut is feed A moored iss for the pain and the material of the pain I am the chain yin Tor C the A TR Te TE i a a a ITT VE a a pd . By AF Jon TET We 3-8 i: fran. if. of EE SER LA LA i § i i LA LA LA LA FRY § 3 mm Lak LA LA LA LA LA RR sl sma LA LA LA LA I DA LA SET SS Pa i i 3 the 3 $e. A 3 ALB 3 sa + 3 i 8 atgang regulates the power of six syllables for the sunni § for Bastien d hay sissies fossa 7 8 : 5 A 3 3 3 3 y y od 3 God's direction, Hilal Masala A text of the bed BURN 5 A AAA AA A Sham ENA A AAA AE SAAT A AA $1 AT A T A A L A A A A rr Foren WERT ree Eee i i Ba senna Essa ony onsen foros {t.E meee for 0 A 5 8 A Rey RY 3: Aa IN 5 8 Kk 0 3 3 i for Rees is not under solution give a payment except for u i RE M8 3 ! nn mm mmm mmm x= 3 mmm mama + hajat ha seas ETT TRI 77 ARE TT TTI TTI A WA ALL L: . MSMS SS SS fds BAR Basna wid SEER eed . ow aam alam Nia i . LF EL EL EL EL EL EL AG EL EL EL EL EL ET EB fn frien, So AA Prosi nn Be Ba a Bre a . La A L rae co : he L A 8 oe Arco ied Tei Sheil Fe 2 1 3 SR Rp i = 3, Eon 8 3 HR 1 A ...2 oi no fees dees: a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a es a an a es a a es a a es a es a SEN Free Farris Ee J 1 Bat Ha Ata A {oof Ma Aq: A Sf ssf Six At A Seg Lesm AG Tired Ri Moss R Es Shen 84 Dead 7 Matt d the a msi that . RR TC case A: It is indicated by the records of the authority of the country Br 1 8 Nnd 0 5 NGL: : B AA ER subordinate to B the aN AT 1 . Knit TRY . 2 776 and Tron Tron AH 1 AH >IT x B" A 8 * A and 3 egy Jah Aja RRR Re EY Taht © Under dd dd dd: #select <dd< find for: a > 8 5 : faassen © l and te ge a or ll te ge + ry ch ah eh Ae ed IE ane 5 A is Gen Hha Jjah NEAR A 5 AAA T A O J eres 5: T 0 X Jada ews sn Boe were M .:: L A A A Kod TAR instruments B "Al-Jalmaji bandaging the hand and the mahj ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh 0 :: ahh i ARAN TAY ahhh 1: ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh yeah fn boe ee came ah 0 for seni ss rah dah. He produced the tune “BRE sas rns” for “Al-Hatah” and “Hijani” tune: “La-ah-ah-ah-ah-ah-e-ee-ja-----fe-gg--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Evidence of medicine: No, no, no, no, no. 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