SA516380384B1 - Shingled Solar Cell Module - Google Patents

Abstract

A high efficiency configuration for a solar cell module comprises solar cells(10) conductively bonded to each other in a shingled manner to form super cells (100) , which may be arranged to efficiently use the area of the solar module, reduce series resistance, and increase module efficiency. The front surface metallization patterns on the solar cells(10) may be configured to enable single step stencil printing, which is facilitated by the overlapping configuration of the solar cells in the super cells. A solar photovoltaic system(4800) may comprise two or more such high voltage solar cell modules electrically connected in parallel with each other and to an inverter. Solar cell cleaving tools and solar cell cleaving methods apply a vacuum between bottom surfaces of a solar cell wafer(45) and a curved supporting surface to flex the solar cell wafer(45) against the curved supporting surface and thereby cleave the solar cell (10) wafer along one or more previously prepared scribe lines

Description

Shingled Solar Cell Module Full Description Background The invention relates generally to solar cell modules in which solar cells are arranged in a shingled manner. Alternative energy sources are required to meet the increasing energy requirements. around the world. Solar energy resources are sufficient in many geographical areas to fulfill these requirements (Jie) (Lida) by providing electrical power generated by solar cells, for example, photovoltaic. General description of the invention Arrangements are disclosed in application Jd With high efficiency of solar cells in a solar cell unit, and methods of manufacturing such solar units.

0 on one side; A solar module comprises a series connected WAN of >25 rectangular or more or less rectangular solar cells having an average breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts. Where the solar cells are assembled into one or more super cells, each of which includes two or more solar cells arranged in the same line with long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapping and connected conductively with each other

5 Some with an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive adhesive A solar cell or a single group of WA N solar cells in series shall not be electrically connected individually in parallel with a branching diode. Safe and reliable operation of the solar module is facilitated by efficient heat conduction along the supercells through interconnected segments of adjacent solar cells; Which prevents or reduces the formation of hot spots in

0 inverted solar cells. Supercells can be encapsulated in an olefin polymer

thermoplastic sandwiched between glass front and back sheets 800; For example; Further improvement to unit strength relative to thermal damage in some variants; N is > 30 > 50; or > 100. On the other hand, the supercell comprises an array of 5 silicon solar cells each with a front (SUN side) and a rectangular or more or less rectangular rear surface.

Distant with shapes defined by the first and second long parallel sides placed opposite each other and two short sides placed opposite each other. Each metallization pattern solar cell includes an electrically conductive front surface comprising at least one front surface contact pad placed adjacent to the first long side; And a conductive back surface metallization pattern

0 electrically having a gasket in contact with at least one rear surface positioned adjacent to the second long side. The silicon solar DIA is arranged in line with the first and second long sides of the adjacent silicon solar cells staggered and such that the front and back surface contact gaskets on the adjacent silicon solar cells are staggered and conductively bonded to each other with a binder material Conductive adhesive for attaching solar cells

Electrolytic silicon, respectively. The metallization pattern of the front surface of each silicon solar cell includes a baffle primed to substantially define the conductive adhesive binder of at least one front surface contact gaskets prior to the maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during the manufacture of the super cell On the other hand, the super cell includes a set of silicon solar cells each includes

‎lie 0 The front (facing the sun) and rear surfaces are rectangular or broadly rectangular in shapes defined by the first and second parallel long sides oppositely set and two short sides facing oppositely. Each solar cell includes an electrically conductive front surface metallization pattern comprising at least one front surface contact gasket positioned adjacent to the first long side; and an electrically conductive back surface metallization pattern having at least one rear surface contact gasket placed

5 next to the second long side. WA solar panels are arranged in line with the sides

The first and second long lines of the adjacent silicon solar cells are interlaced so that the front and back surface contact gaskets on the adjacent silicon solar cells are intertwined and connected conductively to each other with a conductive adhesive bonding material to connect the silicon solar cells electrically, respectively. The back-surface metallization pattern of each silicon 5 solar cell includes a septum primed to substantially limit the conductive adhesive binder to at least one back-surface contact gaskets prior to maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication. In the “AT” aspect, a method for fabricating a series of solar cells comprising dicing one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of parallel lines into a long edge of each wafer 10 to form an array of rectangular silicon solar cells each having substantially the same length along the axis its longitudinal. The method also includes arranging rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent overlapping solar cells conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the solar WAY in series. An array of rectangular silicon solar cells comprises at least one rectangular solar cell having two beveled corners corresponding to the corners or parts of the corners of the dummy-shaped wafer; One or more rectangular silicon solar cells lack beveled corners. The spacing between the parallel lines along which the pseudo-square wafer is cubed is selected for the equation of the beveled corners such that the width is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis for rectangular silicon solar cells that have beveled corners greater than the width perpendicular to 0 the longitudinal axis for rectangular silicon solar cells that lack beveled corners; So that each array of rectangular silicon solar cells in series of solar cells has a front surface of substantially the same area exposed to light in the operation of the solar cell series. On the “AT” side, the supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged inline with the terminal sections of adjacent solar cells overlapped and connected conductively.

to each other to electrically connect the solar cells in series. At least one of the silicon solar cells has beveled corners that correspond to corners or parts of the corners of a pseudo-square silicon wafer that has been cubed; At least one of the silicon solar cells lacks beveled corners; Each of the silicon solar cells has a front surface that has substantially the same area exposed to light during operation of the string solar cells. On the other hand, a method for manufacturing two or more supercells involves dicing one or more silicon wafers pseudo- wafers along de gana from lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form a first array of rectangular silicon solar cells comprising the beveled 0 corners corresponding to the corners or parts of the corners of the silicon wafers dan ye silicon wafers pseudo-shape and a second array of solar cells The silicon rectangles each have a first length lS that covers the width of the pseudo-fancy silicon wafers and lacks chamfered corners. The method also involves removing the beveled corners from each of a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells to create a third set of rectangular silicon solar cells each with an Ob length of 5 shorter than the first and lacking the beveled corners. The method furthermore involves arranging a second array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells interleaved and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect a second array of rectangular silicon solar cells in series to form a solar cell cascade which has a width equal to the first length; and arrange a third set of 0 rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect a third set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series to form a solar cell string of width equal to the length the second. In another aspect, a method for manufacturing two or more supercells involves dicing one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each.

wafer to form a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells having beveled corners corresponding to the corners or parts of the corners of the pseudo-shaped dan ye silicon wafers and a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells lacking the beveled corners; Arranging a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series, and arranging a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells In line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells interleaved and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect a second set of rectangular 0 silicon solar cells in series. In another aspect, the supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in a line in a first direction with the peripheral parts of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; and an elongated flexible electrical interconnection with its longitudinal axis oriented parallel to the second direction perpendicular to the first direction; conductively attached to the front or rear surface of a terminal silicon solar cell at a set of discrete sites arranged along the second direction” and traversing at least the entire width of the terminal solar cell in the second direction; and have a conductive thickness of less than or equal to about 100 µm measured vertically on the front or back surface of the silicon terminal solar cell; It provides resistance to current flow in the second direction less than or equal to 0.012 ohms; It is configured to provide flexibility to accommodate the two-way differential expansion between the terminal silicon solar cell and the interconnection for a temperature range of about -0°C to about 85°C. The flexible electrical interconnect may have a conductive thickness less than or equal to about 30 μm measured vertically on the front and back surfaces of the silicon terminal solar cell; For example 5. The elastic electrical interconnection may extend past the supercell in the second direction to provide conduction

An electrical interface with at least a second supercell positioned parallel to and adjacent to the supercell in a solar Sang. additionally; or alternatively; The flexible electrical interconnection may extend past the supercell in the first direction to provide an electrical interconnection to a second supercell placed parallel to and in line with the supercell in a solar module.

On the OAT side a solar module comprises a group of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows covering the width of the module to form a front surface of the module. Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal sections of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series. Have a tip at least for a super cell

0 first adjoins edge of unit in first row electrically attached to end of second supercell adjoins same edge of unit in second row by means of flexible electrical interconnection bonded to front surface of first supercell at de sane from separate locations using electrically conductive adhesive bonding material;. running parallel to the edge of the unit; At least part of it folds around the end of a first supercell and is obscured from view from the front of the unit.

5 On the AT side, the supercell fabrication method involves laser duplicating one or more graph lines on each of one or more silicon solar cells to define a set of rectangular regions on the silicon solar WAY and apply a conductive adhesive bonding material electrolytically on one or more scratched silicon solar cells at one or more locations adjacent to the long side of each rectangular area; Separation of silicon solar cells

0 along the outline lines to provide a group of rectangular silicon solar cells Each Lie includes a portion of an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed on its front surface next to Gila cosh Arrangement of a group of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with the long sides of Adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells superimposed in a capped manner with a part of an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed “Lash” between the termination and maturation of the electrically conductive bonding material, and then

Connecting adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and electrically connecting them in series. On the other hand, the supercell fabrication method involves laser duplicating one or more graph lines in each of one or more silicon solar cells to define a set of rectangular regions on the silicon solar AN and applying a conductive adhesive bonding material.

electrically applied to portions of the top surfaces of one or more silicon solar WAYs; Applying vacuum pressure between the bottom surfaces of one or more silicon solar cells and an arched support surface to bend one or more silicon solar cells against an arched support surface and then slit one or more silicon solar cells along the graph lines to provide a combination of

0 rectangular silicon solar cells each containing an era of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed on their front surface next to a long side; Arrangement of an array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells superimposed in a capped manner with ohn of electrically conductive adhesive bonding sandwiched between; maturation of the electrically conductive binder; Then connect adjacent solar cells

5 Rectangular overlays of silicone to each other and connected Tiles in series. On the other hand, the method of manufacturing a solar module includes assembling a group of AB cells, with each supercell comprising a group of rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in the same line with the terminal parts on the long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells superimposed in a roofing manner. The method also includes maturation of the electrically conductive binder

0 placed between superimposed peripherals of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells by applying heat and pressure to the supercells. And then connect the adjacent rectangular silicon superimposed WAN to each other and connect them electrically in series. The method also includes the arrangement and interconnection of supercells in the form of a foamed solar module in a clin stack and the use of heat and pressure on the stack of layers to form a structure

5 lamellar.

Some variations of the method include curing or partial curing of the Jas jl conductive material

electrically by applying heat and pressure to supercells before applying heat and pressure to

stacking of layers to form a laminate structure; Hence the formation of cells

super-ripened or partially matured as an intermediate product before forming a lamellar structure. In some

contrast images; With each additional rectangular silicon solar cell added to the supercell

During the assembly of the supercell cell; The ripening of sale Lia is carried out in an electrically conductive adhesive bond

Between the newly added solar cell and its adjacent solar cell superimposed before adding a cell

Another silicon solar panel to the supercell. alternatively Some pictures included

The heterochromia is based on the ripening or partial ripening of all electrically conductive substrates in the supercell at 0 in the same step.

In the case of super LAY formation as mature Lia intermediates the method may include

Complete the ripening of electrically conductive bonding while heat and pressure are applied to the agglutinating bond

Layers to form a laminated structure

Some variations of the method include electrically curing the conductive binder while 5 applying heat and pressure to a stack of layers to form a lamellar structure; without the formation of supercells

Ripened or partially matured as an intermediate product before forming a lamellar structure.

The method may involve dicing one or more standard-sized silicon solar cells

In rectangular shapes with a smaller area to provide rectangular silicon solar cells. maybe

Applying an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more 0 silicon solar cells before dicing one or more silicon solar cells to supply the rectangular solar cells.

Silicone with pre-applied electrically conductive adhesive bonding material. alternatively Sale

Bonding of an electrically conductive adhesive onto rectangular silicon solar cells after single dicing or

More than silicon solar cells to provide rectangular silicon solar cells.

on one side; A solar module comprises an array of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows. Each supercell comprises an array of rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and bile-connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series. The solar panel also includes an insert

First contact with a discreet socket located on the rear surface of the first solar cell which is located at an intermediate position along the first supercell. and an electrical interconnect, Jol conductively connected to a first contact pad, to a concealed outlet. The first electrical interconnection has a voltage mitigation feature that accommodates the differential thermal expansion between the interconnection and the solar cell from

0 silicon to which they are associated. The term “dan stress relief” as used in the present application in connection with an interconnection refers to an engineering feature such as a torsion; a twist; or a slit; for example” in the sheath (eg, very thin) interconnection; and/or in ductility Interconnection. For example, the stress relief feature may be embodied in the interconnection being made of very thin copper ribbon.

The solar module may include a second contact packing with a discreet socket located on the rear surface of the second solar cell that resides adjacent to the first solar cell at an intermediate position along the second supercell in an adjacent supercell row; A first contact pad in a concealed outlet is electrically connected to a second pad in a concealed outlet via a first electrical interconnection. In the said cases a first electrical interconnection may extend through a space between a first supercell and a supercell

0 sec and is conductively connected to a second contact pad in a concealed outlet. Alternatively, the electrical connection between a first and a second contact in a concealed outlet may include another electrical interconnect conductively connected to a second contact in a concealed outlet and electrically connected (ie »conductively connected) to a first electrical interconnect. Either the interconnection scheme may optionally extend across the additional rows of supercells. For example; Either may extend

Optional interconnection scheme across the entire width of the module to interconnect the solar cell in each row via contact pads into a concealed outlet. The solar module may include a second contact charge with a discreet socket located on the rear surface of the second solar cell that resides at another intermediate position along the first of the cells

superlative A second electrical interconnect conductively connected to a second contact pad into a non-receptacle

alls and a branching diode electrically connected by means of a first and second electrical interconnection in parallel with the solar cells that are located between a first contact pad with a hidden outlet and a second contact pad with a hidden outlet. in any previous contrast images; A first contact pad with a discreet socket may be one of a group

0 of discreet socket contacts arranged on the rear surface of the first solar cell in a row running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first solar cell; A first electrical interconnect is conductively connected to each of the set of hidden contacts and largely spans the length of the first solar cell along the longitudinal axis. additionally or alternatively; The first discreet contact pad may be one of a group of ordered discreet socket contact pads

5 on the back surface of the first solar cell in a row running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the first solar cell. In the latter case a row of discreet socket contacts may be located next to the short edge of the first solar cell, for example. A first blind contact pad may be one of a group of hidden socket contact pads arranged in two dimensional arrays from the rear surface of the first solar cell.

Alternately 0” in any of the previous variants a first contact pad may be located with a discreet socket near the short side of the rear surface of the first solar cell; With a first electrical interconnect not extending significantly inward from a discreet socket contact pad along the longitudinal axis of the solar cell; pattern of metallization of the rear surface on the first solar cell and provision of a conductive path to an interconnection having preferably a wafer resistance less than or equal to about 5 ohms per canal or less

25 of or equal to about 2.5 ohms in magnitude. In the cases mentioned, the first interconnection may include;

For example; on two lugs positioned on opposite sides of the strain relief feature; such that one of the lugs is conductively attached to a first contact pad in a discreet socket. The two loops may have different lengths. In any of the foregoing variants a first electrical interconnection may have known alignment features

Definition of coated alignment with dale not visible first padding or definition of coated alignment with first supercell edge” or definition of coated alignment with hidden dale first padding and coated alignment with first supercell edge. On the AT side a solar module has a glass front sheet; background chip. A super WAN array arranged in two or more parallel rows between a front wafer and a back wafer.

0 Each supercell comprises an array of rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and loosely legged towards a bile conductor to each other to electrically connect the solar cells of silicon in series The first flexible electrical interconnection is rigidly bonded and conductive to a first cell of supercells Provides flexible conductive bonds between cells

5 Stacked Solar Compatibility with Supercells Accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the supercells and a glass front sheet in a parallel row direction for a temperature range of about -40°C to about 100°C without damage to the solar module. Jal pushes the rigid conductor between a first supercell and the first elastic electrical interconnection the first elastic electrical interconnection to accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between a first supercell and the first elastic interconnection in the direction of

0 vertical rows in a temperature range of about -40°C to about 180°C without damage to the solar module. The conductive bonds between adjacent solar cells superimposed within the supercell can benefit from a different conductive adhesive than the conductive bonds between a supercell and a flexible electrical interconnect. The conductive bond on one side of at least one solar cell within the supercell can

5 Make use of a different conductive adhesive than the conductive bond on the other side of it. Subject

The conductive adhesive that forms the rigid bond between the supercell and the elastic electrical interconnect may be tin solder; For example. In some contrasting images, the conductive bonds between the solar cells superimposed inside the supercell are formed with Welded with tin conductive adhesive; The conductive link between the supercell and the electrically flexible interconnection is formed using tin solder.

In some variants that make use of two different conductive adhesives as previously described; Both conductive adhesives can be cured at the same curing step (eg at the same temperature; at the same pressure; and/or at the same time interval).

The conductive bonds between adjacent, superimposed solar cells may accommodate the differential motion between each cell and a glass front sheet of greater than or equal to about 15 μm; For example. The conductive bonds between adjacent solar cells superimposed may have a thickness perpendicular to the solar cell less than or equal to about 50 µm and a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cell greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/(m-k); For example.

5 The first elastic electrical interconnection can withstand the thermal expansion or contraction of the first elastic interconnection greater than or equal to about 40 microns; For example. Part of the first elastic electrical interconnection conductively attached to the supercell may be similar to a band consisting of copper; has a perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell to which it is attached that is less than or equal to about 30 microns or less than or equal to about 50 microns; for example

0 example. The first flexible electrical interconnection may include an integral conductive copper ga that is not bonded to the solar cell and provides a conductivity lef of sin from the first flexible electrical interconnection that is conductively bonded to the solar cell. The first flexible electrical interconnect may have a thickness perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell to which it is attached that is less than or equal to about 30 µm, or less than or equal to about 50 µm, and a width greater than or equal to about 10 mm at surface level.

The solar cell is in a direction perpendicular to the flow of current through the interconnection. The first flexible electrical interconnect may be conductively attached to a conductor close to the solar cell and provide higher conductivity than a first electrical interconnect. On the AT side a solar module comprises an array of supercells arranged in two or ST parallel rows. Each supercell comprises an array of rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and hale-connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series. A discreet socket contact pad which does not conduct much current in normal operation is located on the back surface of the first solar cell; Which 0 is located at an intermediate position along a first cell of a supercell in a first row of supercells. A concealed-contact charge shall be electrically connected in parallel to the second solar cell at least in the second row of super cells. The solar module may include an electrical interconnection of a concealed-contact charge and an electrical interconnection of a concealed-contact charge Visible in the second solar cell. In some variants 5 the electrical interconnection does not significantly cover the length of the first solar cell and the back surface metallization pattern in the first solar cell provides a conductive path to a non-alla socket contact having a wafer resistance less than or equal to about 5 ohms per square meter. It may be a group of supercells arranged in three or more parallel rows covering the width of the solar module perpendicular to the rows”; And a contact packing with a concealed outlet electrically connected 0 to a concealed contact packing in at least one solar cell in each of the rows of superconducting cells to electrically connect all rows of supercells in parallel. Alternatively, the solar module may include the connection of at least one conductor to at least one of the two patches, or the interconnection between the two patches that connects to a branching diode or other electronic device.

The solar module may include a flexible electrical interconnection that is conductively attached to a contact pad in a discreet socket to electrically connect it to the second solar cell. It may be a part of the flexible electrical interconnection that is conductively attached to a contact pad of a discreet socket eg 'Jal dando-like' consisting of copper' and having a notch perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell to which it is attached is less than or equal to about 50 μm. The conductive bond between a concealed outlet contact pad and the elastic interconnection may cause the elastic electrical interconnection to tolerate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the first solar cell and the elastic interconnection; And to accommodate the relative movement between the first solar cell and the second solar cell resulting from thermal expansion” (sal) a temperature from about -40 C to about 180 C without damaging a solar module. Not visible first Conducting a current greater than the current generated in any one solar cell Typically, the front surface of the first solar cell placed over a first contact packing with a concealed outlet is not actuated by contact pads or other interconnecting features Typically not be any Area of a front surface of the first solar cell not overlapped by ha of the adjacent solar cell 5 in a first supercell occupied by contact pads or other interconnecting features. Not shown In variations shown, cells with a blind contactor may have a larger light collecting area than cells without a filler 0. On the AT side the solar module has a glass front foil; chip background; and a group of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows between a glass front wafer and a back wafer. Each supercell comprises an array of rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent solar cells of

— 1 6 —

Silicon interlocking and elastically connected in a direct conductive manner to each other to connect

Electrolytic silicon solar cells in series. The flexible electrical interconnection is the first

Rigidly attached and attached to a first supercell. Flexible conductive bonds

The composite solar cells are of first conductive adhesive material and have a shear modulus of less than or equal to about 800 MPa. The all consists of the rigid conductor between a first supercell and the electrical interconnect

The first flex is of a second conductive adhesive and has a shear modulus greater than or equal to about 2000

MPa.

A first conductive adhesive may have a glass transition temperature less than or equal to about 0 C on

for example.

0 1 In the contrast images “Bale differs as a first conductive adhesive and a second conductive adhesive” and both conductive adhesives can be matured in the same curing step. In some contrasting images; The conductive bonds between adjacent solar cells superimposed have a thickness perpendicular to the solar cells less than or equal to about 50 microns and a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cells greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/(m-kilo).

5 on one side; A solar module comprises a number A! greater than or equal to about 150 rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as an array of supercells in two or more parallel rows. Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded to each other to connect the solar cells

0 electrolytic silicon, respectively. Supercells are electrically connected to provide a high direct current voltage greater than or equal to about 90 volts. In contrast (gaa) the solar module comprises one or JST of flexible electrical interconnects arranged to electrically connect a series of supercells to provide high direct current voltage. A solar module may include module level power electronics that comprise

A transformer that converts high direct current voltage to alternating current voltage. The unit's power level electronics may sense a high direct current voltage and operate the unit at an optimal power point. In another variation, the solar module includes the connected module level power electronics

electrically by individual pairs of series-connected rows adjacent to supercells; Electrical connection of one or more pairs of supercell rows in series to provide high direct current voltage; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage to alternating current voltage. optionally; Electronics may sense unit voltage level power across each individual pair of supercell rows and may operate each individual pair of supercell rows at an optimal ampere-voltage capacity point. optionally;

0 Unit level power electronics can shunt an individual pair of supercell rows out of a circuit providing a high DC voltage if the voltage across the pair of rows is less than a limit value. In another variation, a solar module comprises module level power electronics electrically connected to each individual row of supercells; Electrical connection of two or more rows of supercells in series to provide high direct current voltage; It includes a transformer that converts direct current voltage

5 is high to AC voltage. (Lad) Electronics may sense unit voltage level power across each individual row of supercells and may operate each individual row of supercells at an optimal ampere-voltage capacity point. Optionally, the unit level power electronics can shunt an individual row of supercells outside a circuit that provides a high DC voltage if the voltage across the row of supercells is JH of a limit value.

0 In another variation, a solar module comprises module level power electronics electrically connected to each individual supercell; Electrical connection of two or more supercells in series to provide high direct current voltage; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage to alternating current voltage. optionally; Electronics may sense unit voltage level power across each individual supercell and may operate each individual supercell at an optimal current voltage capacity point. (bolas) Power electronics can

— 8 1 — Unit Level Switching an individual supercell outside a circuit provides a high DC voltage if the voltage across the supercell is close to a limit value. In another contrast, each supercell in the unit is electrically divided into a group of sections by means of a non-Us socket. A solar module comprises the electrically connected module level power electronics (JS) section of each supercell via concealed sockets; Electrical connection of two or more sections in series to provide high direct current voltage; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage to alternating current voltage. optionally; The electronics may sense unit voltage level power across each individual section of each ABU cell and the JS may operate individual section at an ideal ampere voltage capacity point. Optionally, the unit level power electronics can shunt an individual section out of a circuit providing 0 Vdc high if the voltage across the sections is less than the threshold value in any of the preceding variants 5.08 Vdc may be an ideal maximum point capacity for current voltage. In any of the above contrasts, the unit level power electronics may lack a -_5 direct current to direct current boosting component. in any of the foregoing contrasts may be no greater than or equal to about 200,; greater than or equal to about 250; greater than or equal to about 300; greater than or equal to about 350; greater than or equal to about 0400 greater than or equal to about 450 greater than or equal to about 500; greater than or equal to about 550; greater than or equal to about 600; greater than or equal to about 650; or 0 is greater than or equal to about 700. In any of the above variants a high direct current voltage may be greater than or equal to about 0 a voltage is greater than or equal to about 180 volts; greater than or equal to about 240 volts greater than or equal to about 300 cals greater than or equal to about 360 volts greater than or equal to

About 420 volts Greater than or equal to About 480 volts Greater than or equal to about 540 volts Or greater than or equal to about 600 volts. On the other hand, a photovoltaic solar system includes two or more solar units connected electrically in parallel; and adapter. Each solar sang comprises no greater than or equal to about 150 rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in

Image of a group of supercells in two or more parallel rows. Each supercell in each module includes two or more silicon solar cells in that module arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series. in

0 Each unit supercell is electrically connected to provide a high voltage direct current unit output greater than or equal to about 90 volts. The inverter is electrically connected to two or more solar modules to convert their high-voltage direct current output to alternating current. Each solar module may include one or more flexible electrical interconnections arranged to electrically connect the supercells of the solar module in series to provide a high direct current output

5 The voltage of the solar module. A photovoltaic solar system may include at least a third solar module connected electrically in series to one of the first of two or more solar modules connected electrically in parallel. In the said cases a third solar module may comprise the number “not greater than or equal to about 0” rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as

0 A group of supercells in two or ST parallel rows. Each supercell in the third solar module comprises two or more silicon solar WANs in a module arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series. In a third solar module the supercells are electrically connected to provide a high direct current module output

5 The voltage is greater than or equal to about 90V.

Variations include a third solar module electrically connected in series with the first of two or more solar modules; as described dale and may also include at least a fourth solar module electrically connected in series to a second of two or more solar modules electrically connected in parallel. A fourth solar module may comprise the SUTIN number of or equal to about 150 rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as an array of supercells in two or more parallel rows. Each supercell in a fourth solar module comprises two or more of the silicon solar cells in that module arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar WAY in series .

0 In a fourth solar module the supercells are electrically connected to provide a high voltage DC module output greater than or equal to about 90 V. A solar photovoltaic system may include fuses and/or shielding diodes arranged to avoid short-circuiting in any of the solar modules from the dissipated power generated in the other solar modules.

5. A solar photovoltaic system may include Lage and negative conductors in which two or more solar modules are electrically connected in parallel and the transformer is alternatively Tile connected; A solar photovoltaic system may include a combiner box to which two or more solar modules are electrically connected by an independent connector. The combiner box electrically connects the solar modules in parallel; It may include

0 Optional fuses and/or shielding diodes arranged to avoid short-circuiting occurring in any of the solar modules from the dissipated power generated in the other solar modules. The inverter can be configured to operate the solar modules at a DC voltage higher than the lowest set value to avoid reverse biasing of the solar module.

— 2 1 —

The transformer can be configured to recognize a reverse bias condition that occurs in one or more of the

Solar modules and operating solar modules at a voltage avoids the case of reverse bias.

The photovoltaic solar system can be placed on top of the roof.

In any of the above variants IN "for 5 stn may be of or equal to about 200; greater than or equal to about 250; greater than or equal to about 300, greater than or equal to about 350, greater than

than or equal to about 400« greater than or equal to about 450« greater than or equal to about 500»

greater than or equal to about 550; greater than or equal to about 600; greater than or equal to approx

0. or greater than or equal to about 700. N75 NTN may have the same or other values

0 different 1

0 In any of the above variants high DC voltage may be provided by a solar module Greater than or equal to about 120 Volts Greater than or equal to about 180 Volts Greater than or equal to about 240 Volts Greater than or equal to about 300 Volts Greater than or equal to about 360 volts greater than or equal to about 420 volts greater than or equal to about 480 volts greater than or equal to about 540 volts; or greater than or equal to about 600 volts.

5 1 On the AT side a solar photovoltaic system includes a first solar module comprising the number N greater than or equal to about 150 rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as a supercell array in two or more parallel rows. Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded

0 to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series. The system also includes a 0 transformer. The transformer may for example be a microinverter integrated into a first solar module. The supercells in a first solar module are electrically connected to provide a high direct current voltage greater than or equal to about 90 V to the transformer; Which converts direct current into alternating current.

A first solar module may have one or more arranged flexible electrical interconnections

To electrically connect the supercells in a solar module in series to provide a high direct current output

voltage of the solar module.

A solar photovoltaic system may include at least one electrically connected second solar Bang

respectively with a first solar module. A second solar unit might include the number 1!” is greater than or equal to

About 150 rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in a picture

A group of supercells in two or more parallel rows. Each super cell contains

A second solar module contains two or more silicon solar cells in that module arranged

In line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded 0 to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar WAY in series.

In a second solar module the supercells are electrically connected to provide a high direct current bang output

Voltage greater than or equal to about 90V.

A transformer (eg microtransformer) may lack a DC-to-DC boost component.

In any of the above contrasts STN GN may be less than or equal to about 200; Greater than or 5 equals about 250,; greater than or equal to about B00 greater than or equal to about 350, greater than

or equal to about 400; greater than or equal to about 450; greater than or equal to about 500; Larger

of or equal to about 550; greater than or equal to about 600 greater than or equal to about 650; or

Greater than or equal to about 700. The 'la' and 'la' may have the same or different values.

in any previous contrast images; High DC voltage supplied by solar module 0 May be greater than or equal to about 120 V greater than or equal to about 180 V greater than or equal to

about 240 volts greater than or equal to ss 300 volts greater than or equal to about 360 volts

Greater than or equal to about 420 volts Greater than or equal to about 480 volts Greater than or equal to

About 540 volts or greater than or equal to about 600 volts.

In another aspect, a solar module comprises the number l greater than or equal to 250 Mos rectangular or highly rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as an array of supercells connected in series in two or more parallel rows. Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and bilis-bonded to each other with an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive to electrically connect the silicon solar WAY in the cell super straight. A solar module has less than one branching diode for every 25 solar cells. An electrically conductive adhesive Wag forms bonds between adjacent solar cells that has a perpendicular thickness on the solar cells of less than or equal to about 50 microns and a thermal conductivity vertical of 0 on the solar cells of greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/(m-kilo). The supercells may be encapsulated in a thermoplastic olefin layer between the front wafer and the back wafer. Supercells may have their own encapsulation sandwiched between front and back sheets of glass. The solar module may include; For example; less than one branching diode for every 30 solar cells; or less than one branching diode per 50 solar cells; or less than one branching diode 5 per 100 solar cells. Solar module may not include; for example » on branching diodes; or only one branching diode; or not more than three ail diodes or not more than six branching diodes” or not more than ten branching diodes. The conductive bonds between the superimposed solar cells may optionally provide mechanical compatibility to the supercells to accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the supercells and a glass front sheet in parallel orientation in rows in a temperature range from about -40 °C to about 100 without damage to the solar module. in any previous contrast images; 1! may be greater than or equal to about 300 greater than or equal to about 350 greater than or equal to about 400 greater than or equal to about 450; greater than or

— 2 4 —

equal to about 500 greater than or equal to about 550 greater than or equal to about 600 greater than

or equal to about 650« or greater than or equal to about 00.

in any previous contrast images; Supercells may be electrically connected to provide a direct current voltage

ST High More than or equal to about 120 volts Greater than or equal to about 180 volts Greater than or

equal to about 240 volts greater than or equal to about 300 volts greater than or equal to about 360

A voltage greater than or equal to about 420 V greater than or equal to about 480 V greater than or

equal to about 540 volts or greater than or equal to about 600 volts.

The solar power system may include the LY solar module (pictured above) and an inverter (on

eg » microinverter) electrically connected to the solar module and configured to convert the DC output from 0 of the solar module to provide AC output The converter may lack a DC to DC booster component that can be configured

inverter to operate the solar module at a direct current voltage higher than the lowest set value to avoid

Reverse bias of the solar cell. The lowest voltage value may depend on the temperature. can be configured

The inverter to recognize the reverse bias condition and operate the solar module at a voltage avoiding the condition

Reverse bias. For example (JE) the inverter can be configured to operate the solar module in the local maximum 5 region of the solar module voltage-current capacity curve to avoid the reverse bias condition

reverse bias condition

This specification discloses solar cell splitting tools and solar cell splitting methods.

on one side”; A method for manufacturing solar cells involves advancing a solar cell wafer of length 0 solar cell wafer against a curved surface and then slitting a solar cell wafer of one or more lengths

Lines of graphite were pre-processed to separate a group of solar cells from a cell wafer

solar. The solar cell wafer can be supplied in a continuous manner with an arc surface length of 3 eg

example. alternatively The solar cell may be presented along the arched surface in jerky motions.

The arched surface may for example be a curved portion of the upper surface of a vacuum pressure manifold that applies vacuum pressure to the lower surface of the solar cell wafer. The vacuum pressure applied to the bottom surface of the solar cell wafer may be varied by a vacuum pressure manifold along the travel direction of the solar cell wafer and may be; For example, (JB) is stronger in the region of a vacuum pressure manifold in which the solar cell wafer is sequentially slit. The method may involve moving the solar cell wafer along the curved top surface of a vacuum pressure manifold using a perforated belt; Using vacuum pressure applied to the bottom surface of the solar cell wafer through perforations in the perforated belt. The perforations may optionally be arranged in the belt such that the leading and trailing edges of the solar cell wafer along the direction of travel of the solar cell wafer shall be surmounted by at least one 0 perforation in the belt and thereby drawn towards the arched surface by vacuum pressure; But this is not required. The method may include advancing the solar cell wafer along a flat area of the upper surface of the manifold to reach a transitionally curved region of the upper surface of the vacuum manifold comprising a first curvature; dang that advance the solar cell wafer to the slit of the upper surface area 5 of a vacuum pressure manifold where the solar cell wafer is sequentially slit; Using a vacuum pressure manifold zone slit incorporating a second bend that is tighter than the first bend. The method may furthermore involve introducing the slit solar cells to the post-slit region of a vacuum pressure manifold comprising a third bend that is tighter than the second bend. in any previous contrast images; The method may involve applying more powerful vacuum pressure between the solar cell wafer and an arched surface at one end of each graphite line and then at the opposite end of each graphite line to provide an asymmetric voltage distribution along each graphite line that enhances nucleation and single-slit crack propagation along each line scribe. alternatively or additionally; In any of the above variants the method may involve routing the graph lines on the solar cell wafer at an angle to a vacuum pressure manifold so that for each graph line one end reaches a 5-slit arcuate region of the vacuum manifold before the other end.

in any previous contrast images; The method may involve removing the slit solar WAN from an arched surface before the edges of the slit solar cells touch it. For example; The method may involve removing cells in contact or nearly in contact with the curved surface of the manifold more quickly than the cells travel along the manifold. This can be achieved by using a tangentially arranged moving belt; (JE) or by any other suitable mechanism.

in any previous contrast images; The method may involve duplicating the graph lines onto a solar cell wafer and applying an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to portions of the top or bottom surface of the solar cell wafer before slitting the solar cell wafer along the graph lines. Each of the resulting solar cells that is then cleaved may include a portion of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material

0 placed along the slotted edge of its upper or lower surface. Outline lines may be formed before or after applying an electrically conductive adhesive binder using any suitable copying method. Lines may be created by laser copying, for example. in any previous contrast images; The solar cell wafer may be a terrible solar cell wafer or pseudo das yall of silicon.

5 On the aT side, the solar cell chain manufacturing method includes arranging a group of rectangular solar WAYs in line with the long sides of the adjacent rectangular solar cells superimposed in a capped manner using a conductive adhesive tape, Lili gS, laid in a lash between finishing and curing the material The electrically connected tape so that the adjacent overlapping rectangular solar cells are attached to each other and electrically connected in series. Solar cells can be manufactured; For example (JE by A.I

0 Contrasting images of the previously described solar cell fabrication method. on one side; The method of manufacturing the LAY solar chain involves creating a back surface metallization pattern on each of one or more aerated solar cells; and stencil printing of a full front surface metallization pattern on each of one or more square solar cells using a single stencil in a single stencil printing step. These steps can be done in either order; or in the same

Timing if appropriate. 'Full front surface metallization pattern' means that after the step of stencil printing no additional metallic material is needed to be deposited on the front surface of the das yall solar cell to complete the front surface metallization. The method also involves separating each square solar cell into two or more From rectangular solar cells to form one or more square solar cells to a group of rectangular solar cells each including a full front surface metallization pattern and a back surface metallization pattern; arrangement of a group of rectangular solar cells Loy aligned with long sides of adjacent rectangular solar cells superimposed in a manner roofed; conductively attaching the rectangular solar cells in each pair of adjacent rectangular solar cells superimposed to each other with the electrically conductive bonding material placed between them to electrically connect the metallization pattern of the front 0 surface of one of the rectangular solar cells in the pair with the metallization pattern of the rear surface (GAN) of the cells rectangular solar cells in a pair, then electrically conducting an array of rectangular solar cells in series The stencil may be configured so that all parts of the stencil that Select one or more front surface metallization pattern attributes in one or more of the awesome solar WAY constrained by physical connections 5 to other stencil parts to be level with the stencil during stencil printing. The front surface metallization pattern may include in Each rectangular solar cell for example has a set of fingers oriented perpendicular to the long sides of the rectangular solar cell; With no fingers in the front surface metallization pattern physically connected to each other by the 0 front surface metallization pattern. This specification discloses solar cells with low solder loss values at the edges of the solar cell; For example; Without cracked edges, the combination of soldering panels promotes methods for manufacturing the mentioned solar cells; And the use of the aforementioned solar cells in roofed (superimposed) equipment to form super cells

on one side; A method for manufacturing an array of solar cells involves deposition of one or more front-surface porous silicon layers on the front surface of an amorphous silicon wafer Deposition of one or more back-surface porous silicon layers on the back surface of a silicon wafer no lie on the opposite side of an amorphous silicon wafer from a front surface; patterning of one or more front surface silicone porous layers to form one or more front surface grooves in one or more front surface silicone porous layers; 08551781809 front surface quenching layer applied over one or more front surface non-porous silicone layers and in front surface grooves; patterning one or more porous silicone back-surface layers to form one or more rear surface 0 grooves in one or more non-porous silicone back-surface layers; The back surface quench layer is deposited over one or more back surface porous silicone layers and in the back surface grooves. Each consists of one or more posterior surface grooves in line with another corresponding anterior surface grooves. The method furthermore involves slitting an amorphous silicon wafer at one or more slit planes; With each notch plane centered or centered 5 degrees in a different pair of corresponding anterior and posterior surface grooves. When the resulting solar cells are turned on, the non-porous silicon layers of the front surface are illuminated by light. In some variants, grooves form on the anterior surface, dai, but not grooves on the posterior surface. In other variations only the posterior surface grooves are formed; And no frontal surface grooves. The method may involve forming one or more front surface grooves to penetrate porous No0 -_ front surface silicon layers into a front surface of an amorphous silicon wafer; and/or formation of one or more back-surface grooves to penetrate one or more back-surface porous silicon layers to reach the back-surface of an amorphous silicon wafer. The method may include the formation of a front surface quenching layer and/or a back surface quenching layer of age transparent conductive oxide

A pulsed laser or a hexagonal tip ead can be used as a slitting point (eg within 100 µm in length). A laser and a sequentially cooled nozzle can be used to induce a high tensile compressive thermal voltage and direct full crack propagation in an amorphous silicon wafer to separate an amorphous silicon wafer at one or more notch planes. Alternatively, the wafer will have inconsistent silicon that can be mechanically slit at one or more slit planes. Any can be used

suitable incision method. One or more front surface amorphous silicon crystalline layers may form a -0 m junction with the amorphous silicon wafer; In the above case, it may be preferable to slit the amorphous silicon wafer from the back surface side. alternatively It may form one or more layers

0 crystalline amorphous silicon for the back surface; 0-0 contact with amorphous silicon wafer; In the aforementioned case, it may be preferable to slit the amorphous silicon wafer from its front surface. In another aspect, a method for manufacturing an array of solar cells includes the formation of one or more grooves in the Jf surface of a silicon lalite wafer and the deposition of one or more layers of amorphous silicon on a first surface of the amorphous silicon wafer; Deposition of a quench layer in the grooves and on one or

5 more layers of amorphous silicon on the first surface of the amorphous silicon wafer; Deposition of one or more amorphous silicon layers on a second surface of the amorphous silicon wafer on the opposite side of the amorphous silicon wafer from the “Jol” surface and slitting the amorphous silicon wafer at one or more of the “BAN” planes with the centering of each plane A notch or centered to a large extent on another different from one or more grooves.

0 The method may include formation of a quenching layer of a transparent conductive oxide. A laser can be used to induce a thermal stress in an amorphous silicon wafer to slit the amorphous silicon wafer at one or more slit planes . alternatively chip

— 3 0 —

Amorphous silicon can be mechanically slit at one or more slit planes. Any can be used

suitable incision method.

One or more front-surface crystalline amorphous silicon layers may form a 0-0 bond with the wafer

Amorphous silicon. alternatively It may form one or more layers of amorphous crystalline silicon

The back surface has an NP bond with the amorphous silicon wafer.

in another aspect; The solar panel includes an array of super cells; with every cell included

Superior to a group of solar cells arranged in the same line so that the terminal parts of

Adjacent solar cells are superimposed in a capped manner and connected conductively to each other to connect

Electrolytic solar cells in series. Each solar cell includes a crystalline silicon base; One or more first-surface amorphous silicone layers placed on the first surface of a silicone base

crystalline to form a 0-0 bond; One or more layers of amorphous silicone for the second surface applied

On the second surface of the crystalline silicon base on the opposite side of the crystalline silicon base of the surface

first” and sled layers) prevents the combination of tin soldering at the edges of the amorphous silicon layers of the surface

the first at the edges of the amorphous silicon layers of the second surface; Or at the edges of the 5 amorphous silicon layers for the first surface and the edges of the amorphous silicon layers for the second surface. Layers may be included

Quenching on a transparent conductive oxide.

Solar cells may be formed for example by any of the methods previously outlined or disclosed

otherwise described in this specification.

These and other models will become clear.” and the features and advantages of the present invention are evident to those skilled in the art when referring to the following detailed description of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures

The following is briefly described for the first time.

Brief description of the drawings

— 1 3 — Figure 1 shows a cross-section diagram of a series of series-connected solar cells arranged in a roofing fashion with adjacent solar cell tips superimposed to form a roofed supercell. Figure 12 shows a diagram of the front surface (sun side) and front surface metallization pattern of a representative rectangular solar cell that can be used to construct the roofed supercells.

Figures 2b and 2c show front surface (sun side) graphs and front surface mineralization patterns of two representative rectangular solar cells that have rounded corners that can be used to form roofed supercells. Figures 2d and 2e show graphs of the back surfaces and representative back surface mineralization patterns of the solar cell shown in Figure 2a.

0 Figures 2f and 2g show representative back-surface histograms and metallization patterns of the solar cells shown in Figures 2b and 2c; Respectively. Figure 2h shows a diagram of the front surface (sun side) and front surface metallization pattern of another representative rectangular solar cell that can be used to construct the roofed supercells. The metallization pattern of the front surface includes separate contact pads, each surrounded by

5 baffle configured to avoid flow of immature conductive adhesive bonding material deposited on a contact pad of it away from the contact pad Fig. 2i shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell in Fig. 2h and defines the metallization pattern details of the front surface shown in the magnified view in Figs. 2j and 2K which includes a contact pad and parts of a diaphragm surrounding the contact pad.

0 Figure 2j shows the magnified view of details from Figure 2i. Fig. SD. Magnified view of details from Fig. 2i with sale Angi showing the bonding of a highly immature conductive adhesive at a contact pad site detached by the septum.

— 2 3 — Figure J2 shows a surface diagram (Als) and metallization pattern of a representative back surface of a solar cell enclosed by a baffle configured to avoid flow of immature conductive adhesive binder deposited on its contact pad away from the contact pad. Figure 2m shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell in Fig. 2l and identifies the details of a back surface metallization pattern shown in the magnified view of Fig. 2n which includes a contact pad and portions of Sala surrounding the contact pad. Figure L shows the magnified view of details from Figure 2m. Figure 2h shows another contrast of a metallization pattern incorporating a septum configured to avoid flow of 0 immature conductive adhesive binder away from the contact wad. The diaphragm abuts on one side of the contact pad and is longer than the contact pad. Figure 2p shows another contrast of the mineralization pattern in Figure 2h; It is adjacent to the septum on at least two sides of the thermos pad. Figure 2f shows a back surface histogram and a representative back surface mineralization pattern of another representative rectangular 5 solar cell. The back surface metallization pattern includes a continuous contact pad that runs substantially the length of the long side of the solar cell along the edge of the solar cell. The contact packing is surrounded by a barrier configured to avoid flow of immature conductive adhesive binder deposited on the contact packing away from the contact packing. Figure 2p shows a diagram of the front surface (sun side) and front surface mineralization pattern of another representative rectangular 0 solar cell that can be used to form the roofed supercells. The metallization pattern of the front surface includes separate contacts arranged in a row along the edge of the solar cell and a long thin conductor running parallel to and inward from the row of contacts. A long, thin conductor forms a barrier that is configured to avoid non-conductive adhesive binder flow

— 3 3 —

Ripe deposited on the contact pads from them away from the contact pads and onto the active spaces

from the solar cell.

Figure 13 shows a graph showing a representative method by which a pseudo-solar cell (Allg) is constructed

Silicon is uniform in size and square in shape and can be separated (eg cut or broken) into rectangular solar cells of two different lengths that can be used to form roofed supercells.

Figures 3b and 3c show graphs illustrating another representative method by which the solar cell

Pseudo dan ye shaped silicon can be separated into rectangular solar cells. Figure 3b

Shows a front surface of a wafer and a representative front surface metallization pattern. Figure 3c shows the back surface

The wafer has a representative back surface metallization pattern.

0 Figures 3d and 3e show graphs showing a representative method by which a silicon arc solar cell can be separated into rectangular solar cells. Figure 3D shows a front surface of a wafer and a representative front surface metallization pattern. Figure 3E shows the back surface of the wafer and the metallization pattern

1-) 5: - Tra: . Figure 14 shows a sectional view of the anterior surface of a representative rectangular supercell containing the cells

5 The rectangular sunshade as shown for example in Figure 12 is arranged in a roofed manner as shown in Figure 1. Figures 4b and 4c show front and back views; Respectively; of a representative rectangular supercell comprising rectangular 'chevron' solar cells having chamfered corners; as shown for example in Fig. 2b; arranged in a roofing fashion as shown in Fig. 1.

Figure i5 shows a graphical Basol ol of a representative rectangular solar panel comprising an array of rectangular roofed supercells; The long side of each supercell has a length approximately half that of the short sides of the unit. The pairs of supercells are arranged end-to-end to form rows with the long sides of the supercells parallel to the short sides of the unit.

— 4 3 — Figure 5b shows a diagram of a representative rectangular solar module (AT) comprising an array of rectangular roofed supercells, such that the long side of each supercell has a length approximately the same as the length of the short sides of the module. The supercells are arranged with their long sides parallel to the short sides of the unit.

Figure 5c shows a diagram of a representative rectangular solar module (AT) comprising an array of rectangular roofed LDA supercells; the length of the long side of each supercell is approximately the same as that of the long side of the module. The supercells are arranged with their long sides parallel to the sides of the module Figure C shows a schematic diagram of a representative rectangular solar module with an array of cells

0 rectangular roofed superstructures; So that the length of the long side of each super cell is approximately half the length of the long sides of the unit. The pairs of supercells are arranged end-to-end to form rows with the long sides of the supercells parallel to the long sides of the unit. Figure 5e shows a diagram of another representative rectangular solar module similar in layout to that in Figure 5c in which all the solar LAYs that make up the supercells are cells

5 solar chevrons that have beveled corners corresponding to the corners of the pseudo-shape wafer from which the solar cells are detached. Figure D shows a schematic diagram of another representative rectangular solar module of similar configuration Si in Fig. 5c; in which the solar cells that make up the supercells comprise a mixture of chevron and rectangular solar cells arranged to reproduce the pseudo-chip shapes that

0 is separated from it. Figure 5g shows a diagram of another representative rectangular solar module similar in layout to that in Fig. 5e except that the adjacent chevron solar cells in the supercell are arranged in mirror images of each other such that their overlapping edges have the same length.

— 5 3 — Figure 6 shows a representative arrangement of three rows of supercells interconnected with flexible electrical interconnections to place the supercells within each row in series with each other and to place the rows parallel to each other. It may be three rows in the solar module of the form Kdda for example.

Figure 7 shows representative flexible interconnects that can be used to interconnect supercells in series or in parallel. Some of the examples show patterning that increases their flexibility (mechanical compatibility) along their long axes” along their short axes; Or Joh for its long axes and its short axes. Fig. 17 shows representative long stress relief interconnects that can be used in discreet sockets to supercells as described in the present application or as surface interconnections

0 anterior or posterior supercell terminal contacts. Figures 7b-1 and 7b-2 show examples of stress-reduction features outside the surface. Figures 7b-1 and 7b-2 show a representative long interconnect configuration incorporating extra-surface stress-relief features that can be used as discreet sockets to the super LAY or as interconnects to the front or rear surface of super cell terminal contacts.

5 Fig. 18 illustrating details from Fig. 5d: A cross-sectional view of a representative solar module of Fig. Cd shows cross-sectional detail of the flexible electro-electric interconnects associated with the terminal contacts of the rear surface of the supercell arrays. Figure 8b showing details c of Figure 5d: A cross-sectional view of a representative solar module from Figure 5d showing cross-sectional details of the associated flexible electrical interconnects

0 to the terminal contacts of the anterior surface (bright side) of the supercell arrays. Figure 8c shows details b of Fig. 5d: A cross-sectional view of a representative solar module from Fig. 5d shows cross-sectional details of flexible interconnections arranged to interconnect two supercells in a row.

— 3 6 —

Figure 28-8 shows additional examples of electrical interconnections associated with a supercell front terminal contact at the end of a row of supercells; adjacent to a solar bang edge. Representative interconnections are configured to have a small footprint on the front surface of the module. Figure 9 shows Diagram of another representative rectangular solar module with six supercells

rectangular roof; So that the long side of each supercell has a length approximately the same as the length of the long side of the unit. The supercells are arranged in six rows which are electrically connected in parallel to each other and in parallel to a branching diode placed in a junction box on the back surface of the solar module. The electrical connections between the supercells and the branching diode are made through tapes embedded in the laminated structure of the unit.

0 Figure 9b shows a schematic diagram of another representative rectangular solar module comprising six rectangular roofed supercells; so that the long side of each supercell has a length of approximately the same as the length of the long side of the unit. The supercells are arranged in six rows (lly) and are connected electrically in parallel (and) and in parallel by a branching diode placed in a das box on the rear surface and close to the edge of the solar module. The second junction box is located on the rear deck

5 Close to the opposite edge of the solar module. The electrical connection between the super LAY and the branching diode is provided through an external cable between the junction box. Figure z9 shows a glass rectangular solar module comprising A rectangular roofed supercells; So that the long side of each supercell has a length approximately the same as the length of the long side of the unit. The supercells are arranged in six lly rows that are electrically connected in parallel

0 to each other. The two boxes and joints are installed on opposite edges of the unit; and increase the active area of the unit. Figure 29 shows a side view of the solar module shown in Figure .z9. Figure 9e shows another representative solar module with six rectangular roofed supercells; So that the long side of each supercell has a length approximately the same as the length of the long side of the unit. be

— 7 3 — supercells are arranged in six rows; With three pairs of rows connected separately With three pairs of rows connected separately in the solar module. Figure 9f shows another representative solar module comprising six rectangular roofed supercells with the long side of each supercell having a length approximately the same as the length of the long side of the module. The supercells are arranged in da 3 rows with each row separately connected to a power management device in

solar module. Figures 9g and 9h show other models of unit-level capacity management architectures using roofed supercells. Figure 110 shows a representative schematic electrical circuit diagram of a solar module as shown in the figure

0 kb. Figures 10b-1 and 10b-2 show a representative physical diagram of various electrical interconnections of a solar module as shown in Figure 5b including a schematic circuit diagram in Figure 110. Figure 111 shows a representative schematic electrical circuit diagram of a solar module as shown in Figure 5

5 Figures 11B-1 and 11B-2 show a representative physical diagram of the various electrical interconnections of a solar module as shown in Figure 15 include a schematic circuit diagram in Figure JIT Figures 11C-1 and 11C-2 show a representative gale diagram Another for various electrical interconnections of a solar module as shown in Figure 15 including a schematic circuit diagram in Figure 11

0 Figure 112 shows a schematic diagram of another representative circuit for a solar module as can be seen in Figure 5

— 8 3 — Figures 2 1-01 5 2-012 showing a representative physical diagram of various electrical interconnections of a solar module as shown in Figure 15 including a schematic circuit diagram in Figure J12 Figures 2 1c-12:1c-2 and 12c-3 shows a representative physical diagram AT of various electrical interconnections of a solar module as shown in Figure 5 including a schematic circuit diagram in Figure 112. Figure 113 shows a schematic diagram of another representative circuit diagram of a solar module as shown in Figure 15 Figure 13b Shows a schematic diagram of another representative circuit of a solar module as shown in Figure 5 » Figures 213-1 5 2-713 shows a representative physical diagram of the various electrical interconnections of a solar module as shown in Figure 15 Includes a schematic circuit diagram in Figure 113 modified approximately slight"; The physical diagram in Figs. 13 id 1 and 13c-2 is proportional to a solar module as shown in Fig. 5b including a schematic diagram of the circuit in Fig. 13[b. Figure 14 shows a diagram of another representative rectangular solar module comprising an array of 5 rectangular roofed supercells; So that the long side of each supercell has a length approximately the same as the length of the short side of the unit. The pairs of supercells are arranged end-to-end to form rows with the long sides of the supercells parallel to the short side of the unit. Figure 14b shows a schematic diagram of a representative solar module circuit as shown in Figure 114. Figures 14c-1 and 14c-2 show a representative physical diagram of the various electrical interconnections of a solar module as shown in Figure 114 Including a schematic circuit diagram of Figure 14[b . FIG. 15 shows a representative AT gale diagram of various electrical interconnections for a solar module as shown in FIG. 5B including a schematic circuit diagram in FIG. 110.

— 9 3 — Figure 16 shows an analog device for smart switch interconnection of two solar modules in series. Figure 17 shows a flowchart of a representative fabrication method for a solar module with supercells. Figure 18 shows a flowchart of another representative fabrication method for a solar module with supercells. Figures 119-219 show representative equipment by which supercells can be ripened by heat and pressure. Figures 20-120c schematically show an analog device that can be used to split replicated solar cells. The device may be particularly useful when used to slit transcribed supercells on which a conductive adhesive crosslinker has been applied. 0 FIG. 21 shows a representative white background wafer "striped" with black lines lly that can be used in solar modules that have parallel rows of supercells to reduce visual contrast between the supercells and parts of the back wafer visible from the front of the module. Figure 122 shows a horizontal view of a conventional unit utilizing conventional strap connections under hot spot conditions. Figure 22b shows a horizontal projection view of a unit benefiting from modeled convection 5, also under hot spot conditions. Figures 23-123b show examples of super cell series diagrams with chamfered cells. Units assembled in flat bodies. Figure 26 shows a diagram of the rear surface (awnings) of a solar module showing a representative electrical interconnection of the terminal electrical contacts of the front surface (sun side) of a supercell roofed with a junction box on the back side (Bas oll).

— 0 4 — FIG. 27 shows a diagram of the rear surface (awnings ) of a solar module showing a representative electrical interconnection of two or more super LIANs roofed in parallel; with terminal electrical contacts to the front surface (sun side) of the super cells connected to each other and to a box Connector on the back side of the unit.

Figure 28 shows a diagram of the rear surface (canopies) of a solar module showing a representative electrical interconnection AT of two or more supercells roofed in parallel; with the terminal electrical contacts of the front surface (sun side) of the supercells connected to each other and a junction box on Reverse side Bas oll Fig. 29 shows segmented cross-section and perspective diagrams of two supercells.

0 Use the flexible Lill connection confined between the overlapping ends of adjacent supercells to electrically connect the supercells in series and to provide electrical connection to a junction box. Figure 129 shows an enlarged view of the area of interest in Figure 29. Figure 30 shows a representative supercell with electrical interconnections attached to its front and terminal contacts to the rear surface. Fig. 30b shows two supercells of Fig. 130 interconnected

5 parallel. Figures 31-31c show diagrams of a representative back surface mineralization pattern that can be employed to form discreet sockets into supercells as described in the present application. Figures 32-33 show examples of using hidden sockets with interconnections that run approximately the full width of the supercell.

0 Figs. 34-134c mag Examples of interconnections connected to a supercell for rear-surface (Fig. 134) and front-surface (Figs. 34b-34c) terminal contacts.

— 1 4 — Figures 36-35 show examples of the use of discreet sockets with short interconnections that cover the space between adjacent supercells but do not extend significantly inward along the longitudinal axis of rectangular solar cells. Figures 137-1 through 37-3 show representative short concealed socket interconnect assemblies that have in-surface stress-relief features.

Figures 138-1 through 38b-2 show representative short concealed outlet interconnect assemblies that have extra-surface stress-relief features. Figures 139-1 5 139-2 show representative short hidden socket interconnect configurations with alignment features. Figures 39b-1 and 39b-2 show a representative configuration of an outlet interconnection

0 discreet short featuring asymmetric loop lengths. Figures 40 and 44-142b show schematics of a representative solar module using ale not shown. Figure 41 shows a representative electrical diagram of the solar module schematics of Figures 40 and 42-4b. Figure 45 shows the current flow in a representative solar module with a Su valve bypassing the connection.

Figures 146-46 show the relative movement between the components of a solar module resulting from thermal cycling in; Respectively; Parallel orientation of the supercell rows and perpendicular to the supercell rows of the solar module. Figures 47-147 (ring, respectively). Diagram of another representative solar module using concealed sockets and corresponding electrical diagram.

0 Figures 148-48 show schematics of an auxiliary solar module using concealed sockets in combination with inline branching diodes.

— 2 4 — J of Figs. 9-19b showing box graphs; Respectively"; A solar module providing conventional DC voltage to microinverter and a high voltage solar module as described in the present order providing high voltage DC to microinverter. Figures 50-150 show the fiat gale diagram and electrical diagrams for example units

High voltage solar panels with branching diodes.

Figures 51a-55b show representative module-level power management architectures for high-voltage solar modules incorporating roofed supercells. Figure 56 shows a representative installation of six supercells in six parallel rows with offsets to adjacent rows and interconnected in series by electrically flexible interconnections. A high voltage DC roofed solar cell connected electrically in parallel to each other and to a series transformer. Figure 57b shows a photovoltaic system from Figure 157 deployed on the roof of the building. Figures 158-58d show an arrangement of current-limiting fuses and lly diodes that can be used to avoid a short-circuited high-voltage DC pallet solar cell module from propagating generation

5 High capacity in other high voltage DC roof cell solar modules to which they are electrically connected in parallel Figures 59-159 show representative installations in which two or more high voltage DC roof cell solar modules are electrically connected in parallel in a combiner box ; Which may include current-limiting fuses and shielding diodes.

0 Figures 60-160 each show a current vs. voltage and power vs. voltage schematic for a set of high voltage DC roofed solar cell modules connected electrically in parallel. The diagrams from Figure 160 are for an ally representative case in which no units have

— 3 4 — Reverse biased solar cell. The diagrams of Fig. 60b are for a representative case in which some modules include one or more inverted solar cells. Figure 161 shows an example of a solar module utilizing about 1 branching diode per supercell. Figure 061 shows an example of a solar module utilizing branching diodes in staggered 5 sla. Figure 61b shows a representative configuration of a branching diode connected between two adjacent supercells using an elastic electrical interconnection. Figures 62-162b are shown schematically; Respectively; Side and top view of another representative incision tool. FIG. 63 schematically shows the use of an exemplary asymmetric vacuum pressure device to control 0 nucleation and crack propagation along the graph lines at wafer slit. Fig. 63b schematically shows the use of a representative symmetric vacuum pressure fixture that provides less slit control than the fixture in Fig. 63a. I< 4 64 is expressed as M 9 1 . . I from top of part of i 5s what 1 hollow - Ls can be used in a splitter of Figures 62-162b. Figure 165 and Figure 65b are provided, respectively; Schematic illustrations of views from above and perspective oo. _ ES) !1 Void - Lys ; From 41 < 64 2 . 1 by belt “i” b Fig. 66 schematically shows a profile view of a representative vacuum manifold that can be used in a crevice tool in Figs. 62-162b. Figure 67 schematically shows a split solar cell covering a representative 20 m [vacuum] i ik i “og belt installation. FIG. 68 schematically shows the relative positions and orientations of the cleaved solar cell and unsliced portion of a standard size wafer from which the solar cell has been slit in a representative slitting process.

— 4 4 — Figures 169-369 schematically illustrate an apparatus and methods by which continuous slitting solar cells can be removed from a slitting tool. Figures 70-170c provide orthogonal views of contrast image (AT) from a representative slotting tool in Figures 2-2 and b. Figure 171 and Figure 71b provide perspective views from a representative slotting tool in Figures 70-170c at

Two different stages of the incision process. Figures 172-74b show details of the perforated belts and vacuum manifolds of a representative slotting tool in Figures 70-170c. Figures 175-575 detail several representative hole patterns Ally can use for belts

0 vacuum pressure perforated in a representative slotting tool in Figures 110-210. Figure 76 shows a representative front surface metallization pattern on a rectangular solar cell. Figures 77-177b show representative back surface mineralization patterns in rectangular solar cells. Figure 78 shows a representative front surface metallization pattern in a square solar cell that can be diced to form an array of rectangular solar cells each comprising a front surface metallization pattern

shown in Fig. 1 6. Figure 79 shows a representative back surface metallization pattern on a square solar cell that can be diced to form an array of rectangular solar cells each comprising a back surface metallization pattern shown in Figure 177 Figure 80 represents a schematic diagram of a sized solar cell HIT has traditionally been done

0 cubed in a WIA narrow-film solar panel using conventional slitting methods; This results in die split edges that enhance the tin solder combination.

Figures 181-581) schematically show the steps in a schematic method for dicing a solar cell

HITs are traditionally sized to narrow solar cell strips that lack edges

Slotted reinforce tin solder combination.

Figures 182-582) schematically show the steps in a gal representative method of dicing a conventionally sized HIT solar cell into narrow solar cell strips that are SAE into

Slotted edges reinforce the tin solder combination.

Detailed description:

The following detailed description should be read with reference to the figures; where reference numbers are indicated

Identical to similar elements in all different forms. visualization of shapes; which not necessarily

gan) 0 according to a given scale; Models are selective and are not intended to restrict the scope of the invention. The detailed description shows for example; It is not limited to the basis of the invention. This description can clearly permit a person skilled in the art to prepare and use the invention; describes several models; and settings » and contrast images; alternatives and uses of the invention; which includes what is believed to be at present the best way to implement the invention.

5 in accordance with its use in this specification and the accompanying claims; Single images '@' 'the' 5 'an' include associative references unless the context otherwise indicates. also; The term 'parallel' means 'parallel' or '50S parallel' and incorporates slight deviations from the parallel geometries rather than the need for the parallel equipment described in the present order to be precisely parallel. The term “vertical” means “50S vertical or vertical” and includes deviations from

0 vertical geometries rather than requiring the A vertical fixture described in the present order to be strictly vertical. The term 'square' means 'square or considerably square' and includes slight deviations from the grotesque shapes; For example, highly square shapes with beveled corners (eg le rounded or otherwise cut off at the end). The term "rectangular" means 'rectangular or substantially rectangular' and includes slight deviations from rectangular shapes; however

For example, highly rectangular shapes with beveled corners (eg rounded

or otherwise cut off).

Scope This specification discloses high-efficiency silicon solar cell roofing equipment for solar panels

solar cell modules; As well as patterns of metallization of the front and back surface and interconnections of the solar cells, which can be used in the equipment mentioned. This standard also discloses methods for manufacturing such

These solar modules. Solar cell modules may be usefully used under illumination

"One Sun" (unfocused); It may include physical dimensions and electrical specifications that allow it to be interchangeable

Silicon solar cell modules.

Figure 1 shows a cross-section view of a series of solar cells connected in series 10

0 arranged in a capped manner with adjacent solar cell terminals superimposed and electrically connected to form a supercell 100. Each solar cell 10 comprises a semiconductor diode structure and semiconductor diode electrical contacts by means of which the electric current generated in the solar cell 10 when illuminated by light can be supplied to an external load. In the examples described in this specification; Each solar cell consists of 10 crystalline solar cells

5 Silicon Comprising front surface (sun side) and back surface (umbrella side) metallization patterns Provides electrical contact with opposite sides of a 7-0 joint The front surface metallization pattern is placed on a Type 7 conductive semiconductor layer and the back surface metallization pattern is on a layer A semiconductor of gill conductivity of 0. However any other suitable solar cell can use any other suitable material system with a diode structure; physical dimensions; or can use

0 electrical contact equipment in place of or additionally to the 10 solar cells in the solar modules described in this specification. For example; The front surface (sun side) metallization pattern may be applied to a semiconductor layer of type 0 conductivity; The metallization pattern of the ila surface (shaded side) is placed on a semiconductor layer of type 7 conductivity.

Referring again to Figure 1 in an ultracell 100 the adjacent solar cells 10 are conductively connected to each other in the region in which the cells are overlapped by an electrically conductive ribbon material that electrically connects the metallization pattern of the front surface of one solar cell to the metallization pattern of the rear surface of the adjacent solar cell. Electrically conductive bonding materials may include; For example » on materials

electrically conductive adhesive, electrically conductive adhesive films and adhesive tapes; and traditional tin solders. preferably An electrically conductive bonding material provides mechanical compatibility in the bond between adjacent solar cells that accommodates the potential arising from the mismatch between the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of an electrically conductive bonding material for solar cells (eg, silicon CTE). To provide said mechanical compatibility; In some contrasting images, an electrically conductive binding material is selected

0 to have a glass transition temperature less than or equal to about 0 C. To further reduce and accommodate the voltage parallel to the edges of the stacked solar cells arising from the “CTE” mismatch, the electrically conductive bonding material can optionally be placed only at discrete locations along the stacked regions of the solar cells rather than in a continuous line that extends significantly along the edges of the solar cells. The electrically conductive bonding sheath between adjacent superimposed solar cells is formed by the bonding material

5 electrically conductive; measured vertically on the front and back surfaces of the solar cells; It may, for example, be less than about 0.1 mm. Such thin bonding reduces resistive losses at the LOAD interface and also enhances heat flow along the supercell from any hot spot in the supercell that may develop during operation. The thermal conductivity of the interconnector between solar cells, for example, may be > about 1.5 Watts / (Ke).

0 FIG. 12 shows a front surface of a representative rectangular solar cell 10 that can be used in a supercell 100. Other shapes of the La 10 solar cell may be used as appropriate. In the example shown, the metallization pattern of the front surface of the solar cell 10 comprises a bus bar 15 placed adjacent to the edge of one of the long sides of the solar cell 10 and ge-tracked to the long sides for the entire length of the significantly longer sides; and fingers 20

They are connected perpendicular to the busbar and run parallel to each other and to the short sides of the solar cell 10 for the full length of the significantly short sides. In the example of Figure 12, solar cell 10 has a length of about 156 ae, a width of about 26 mm; The following aspect ratio (short side length / dish side length) is about 1:6. Six of the mentioned solar cells can be prepared on a silicon wafer with standard dimensions of 156 mm x 156 mm.

millimeter; And then separated (cubed) to provide solar cells, as shown. in other contrasts; Eight 10 solar cells can be prepared having dimensions of about 19.5 mm cae 156 X and therefore a Leb ratio of about 1:8; of a standard silicon wafer. in general; Solar cells may have 10 aspect ratios; For example » about 1:2 to about 1:20 and can be prepared from standard size wafers or

0.0 of wafers of any other suitable dimensions. Figure 13 shows a representative method by which a uniformly sized square silicon pseudo-solar cell wafer can be cut Fig. 45; Break them apart or otherwise divide them to form rectangular solar cells as described previously. In this example several full-width 10 gia central rectangular solar cells are cut from a wafer; eg towards additional many are cut off

5 Shorter rectangular solar cells 510 from the terminal parts of the wafer and beveled or rounded corners are eliminated from the wafer. L10 solar cells can be used to form single-width roof supercells; The 510 solar cells can be used to form super-roof cells with a narrower width. Alternatively, beveled corners (eg rounded) can be retained in the cells

0 solar panels cut from the terminal parts of the wafer. Figures 2b-2c show the front surfaces of representative rectangular 'chevron' 10 solar cells similar in degree to those in Fig. 2 but incorporating beveled corners retained from a wafer from which the solar cells were cut. In Figure 2b; An adjacent conveyor rod 15 is placed with a belt parallel to two of the shorter long sides substantially along that side; It furthermore extends at each of the extremities at least Wis

5 about the beveled corners of the solar cell. in Figure 2c; Conveyor rail 15 was placed adjacent and belt

Parallel to two of the longer long sides of that side is significantly longer. Figures 3b-3c show front and back views of a square pseudo-foil 45 that can be diced along the dashed lines shown in Fig. 3c to provide an array of 10 solar cells that have front surface metallization patterns similar to those shown in Fig. 2a; and two beveled 10 solar cells that have front surface mineralization patterns similar to those shown in Figure 2b. In a representative front surface metallization pattern shown in Figure 2b; Two of the end segments of a bus bar 15 extending around the beveled corners of the cell may have a width that decreases progressively (progressively narrower) with increasing distance from a portion of bus bar located adjacent to the long side of the cell. similarly; In a representative front surface metallization pattern shown in Figure 3b; Two of the 0 end segments of the thin conductor connecting the discrete contacts 15 interfacially extend around the beveled corners of the solar cell and taper off with increasing distance from a long side of the solar cell along which the discrete contacts are arranged. Said tapers are optional; But it may usefully reduce the metal utilization and shade the active region of the solar cell without significantly resistive Baby Baby losses. 5 Figures 3-23 show front and back views of a perfect square wafer of Fig. 47 which can be diced along the dashed lines shown in Fig. 3e to provide an array of 0 solar cells having front surface metallization patterns similar to those shown in Fig. 2a. Rectangular beveled solar cells can be used to form supercells that include only beveled solar cells. in the form of lal or alternatively; One or more of these 0 beveled rectangular solar cells can be used in combination with one or more non-bevelled rectangular solar cells (eg; Fig. 2a) to form the supercell. For example; The terminal solar cells of the supercell may be beveled solar cells; and non-chamfered solar cells of the middle solar cells. If beveled solar cells are used in combination with non-beveled solar cells in the ABW cell or generally in a Solar Bang; It may be 25. It is required to use the dimensions of the solar cells resulting in the beveled and non-beveled solar LAY.

which comprise the same front surface area exposed to light during solar cell operation. Matching the areas of the solar cell in this way matches the output current in the beveled and non-beveled solar cells; This improves the performance of a series continuum that includes both beveled and non-beveled solar cells. The areas of beveled and unbeveled solar cells cut from the same awful dummy wafer can be matched; For example; By adjusting the positions of the lines along which the wafer is diced to manufacture beveled solar cells that are slightly wider than beveled solar cells in a direction perpendicular to their long axes; To equalize the missing corners in the beveled solar cells. A solar module may comprise only supercells consisting exclusively of bevelled rectangular 0 solar cells; or only supercells consisting of rectangular beveled solar cells; or supercells only that include beveled and non-bevelled solar cells; or any combination of these three variants of a supercell. In some examples, the shal of a standard-sized pseudo-square solar cell wafer (eg le wafer 45 or wafer 47) close to the edges of the squall wafer may convert into electricity of lower efficiency than parts of the wafer further from the squall. Edges To improve the efficiency of the resulting rectangular solar cells, in some variants one or more edges of the wafer are trimmed to eliminate parts less efficiently before dicing the wafer The trimmed portions of the edges of the wafer may have a width of about 1 mm to about 5 mm; In addition to the above, as shown in Figures 3b and 3d, two peripheral solar cells 10 to be cubed from a wafer can be oriented with the front surface conducting rails 0 (or separate contact pads) 15 along their outer edges and thus along two Wafer edges In the ultracells disclosed in this specification because the conducting rods (or separate contact pads) 15 are typically overlapped with the adjacent solar cell, the low light conversion efficiency along two wafer edges does not typically affect solar cell performance. The edges of a square wafer or 5 square pseudo-shaped wafers oriented parallel to the short sides of the rectangular solar cells are chamfered according to

described lida and not with the wafer edges oriented parallel to the long sides of the rectangular solar cells. in other contrasts; one is pruned; two; three; or al edges of a square-shaped wafer (eg; wafer 47 in Fig. 3d) as previously described. In contrast GAT images one “two” (ED) or four long edges of the pseudo-square wafer are trimmed as previously described. Solar cells with long, narrow aspect ratios and areas smaller than that of a standard 156 mm solar cell can be used. X 156 mm, as shown, is useful for reducing the resistive power loss values of 15552555 in solar cell modules disclosed in this specification. decreases current produced in the solar cell; and directly reduces resistive capacity losses in the solar cell and in series connected of said solar cells.Furthermore, said rectangular solar cells can be arranged in supercell 100 such that currents flow through the supercell parallel to the short sides of the The solar cell reduces the distance that the current has to flow through the semiconductor material to reach the 20 in pattern 5 metallized fingers of the front surface and reduces the required length of the fingers; which Load lowers the resistive capacity. Referred to as dala Connecting 10 WAY solar superimposed to each other in an overlapping area of it to electrically connect solar cells in series reduces the electrical connection length between adjacent solar cells; Compared to conventional loop-connected series solar cells. 0 This also reduces resistive power loss. Referring again to Figure 2a; In the example shown, the metallization pattern of the front surface of the solar cell 10 comprises the shunt conductor 40 voltaic running parallel and spaced from the busbar 15. (Said shunt conductor may also be optionally used in the metallization patterns shown in Figures 2b-2c; 3b; and 3d; and is Also shown in Fig. 2f in combination with separate contact pads 5 15 instead of a continuous busbar). The conversion connector connects 40 fingers

0 Interface to electrically transform cracks that may form between the busbar 15 and the shunt conductor 40. Said cracks can; lly may cut the fingers 20 at locations close to the busbar 15 otherwise isolate regions of the solar cell 10 from the busbar 15. The shunt conductor provides an alternate electrical path between said cut fingers and the busbar.

The example shown shows the shunt conductor 40 positioned parallel to the busbar 15; Extends around the full length of the busbar (JEU and an interconnection per finger 20). This arrangement may be preferred but is not necessary. The edn shunt connector does not have to point parallel to the busbar nor does it have to extend the entire length of the busbar. In addition to the above The shunt connector interconnects at least two fingers; it does not have to interconnect all fingers. Two or more connectors may be used.

0 Short shunt Yau from long shunt connector; For example. Al can be used as a suitable set of transfer conductors. The use of such transfer conductors is described in more detail in US Patent Application Serial No. 371¢790/13 under the title “Solar Cell With cMetallization Compensating For Or Preventing Cracking” filed February 13, 2012 and included in the present application by reference in their entirety .

5 A representative front surface metal pattern of Fig. 12 also includes an optional terminal connector 42 that connects the fingers 20 Lin at their distal ends; opposite busbar 15. (The said end connector may also be optionally used in the metallization patterns shown in Figures 2b-2c; 3b; 3d; and 2f). Connector 42 may be roughly the same width as finger 20; For example. The conductor connects 42 fingers 20 interfacially to electrically transform the cracks that may form between a conductor

0 Transfer 40 and Connector 42; It then provides a current path to the busbar 15 for regions of the solar cell 10 that might otherwise be electrically insulated by said faults. Although some of the examples shown show the front busbar 15 extending substantially along the long sides of the solar cell 10 of uniform width; This is not necessary. For example; As previously hinted at, the front carrier rod 15 can be replaced by two or

5 more than 15 separate front surface contact pads which can be arranged as (Jaa

in line with each other along the solar cell side 10 as shown in Figures 2h; 2p; and 3b for example. Said separate contact pads may be optionally interconnected by thinner conductors running between them as shown for example in the figures just mentioned. In the contrasting images mentioned; The width of the contact pads measured perpendicular to the long side of the solar cell for example may range from about 2 to about 20 times the width of the conductors

The thin film that interfacially connects the contact pads. A separate contact pad (eg small) may be present for each finger in the metallization pattern of the front surface; Or each contact pad may be attached to two or more fingers. The front surface contact pads 15 may be square in shape or have an elongated rectangular shape parallel to the edge of the solar cell; For example. Gaskets may have surface contact

0 front 15 vertical width values on the long side of the solar cell ranging from about 1 mm to about 1.5 mm; For example » and parallel lengths to the long side of the solar cell from about 1 mm to about 10 mm for example. The spacing of the 15 contact pads measured parallel to the long side of the solar cell may range from about 3 mm to about 30 mm; For example. alternatively The solar cell 10 may lack both front bus rod 15 and gaskets

5 Separate front contacts 15 and include fingers 20 only in the metallization pattern of the front surface. In the aforementioned variants, the current collection functions (Sa) can be otherwise performed by the front bus bar 15 or the contact pads 15 instead, or partially performed by the conductive material used to connect two solar cells 10 together in The superimposed configuration described earlier.

0 The solar cells tap to each bus bar 15 and the contact pads 15 may comprise either the transfer conductor 40; or does not include the shunt connector 40. If the busbar and contact pads 15 are not present; The shunt connector 40 may be arranged to shunt the cracks that form between the shunt connector and a portion of the metallization pattern of the front surface conductively attached to the superimposed solar cell.

a mineralization pattern may form for the front surfaces; which includes the busbar or separate contact pads 15; fingers 20; Transfer Connector 40 (if equipped); terminal connector 42 (if any); for example JO of silver paste traditionally used for the said purposes and deposited”; For example; By traditional screen printing methods. alternatively The metallization pattern of the front surfaces may consist of electrophoretic copper. Any other appropriate materials and processes can also be used. in contrasts in which the metallization pattern of the front surface consists of silver; The use of separate front surface contact gaskets 15 instead of a conductive conductive rod 15 along the edge of a cell reduces the amount of silver in the solar cell; Which reduces the cost in a beneficial way. In contrast forms in which the metallization pattern of the front surface consists of copper or 0 of the AT conductor is less expensive than silver; The Continuous Carrier 15 can be employed without suffering cost disadvantages. Figures 2-52 show «3c; and 3e, representative back surface mineralization patterns of the solar cell. In these examples, back surface metallization patterns include separate back surface contact gaskets 25 arranged along one long edge of the back surface of the solar cell and a metal contact 30 that largely covers all remaining back surface of the solar cell. in a roofed supercell; The contact pads 25 shall be attached eg to the bus bar or to separate contact pads arranged along the edge of an upper surface of the adjacent solar cell superimposed to electrically connect two solar cells in series. For example (JB) each separate back-surface contact pad 25 can be aligned with and bonded to a corresponding separate front-surface contact pad 15 on a front surface of the solar cell 0 superimposed by the electrically conductive bond applied only to the separate contact pads. Separate contact pads 25 may be are square in shape (Fig. 2d) or have an elongated rectangular shape parallel to the edge of the solar cell (Figs. 2e-2g; 23(3e); eg. 25 contact pads may have vertical width values on the long side of the solar cell ranging from about 1 mm to about 5 cae for example” and lengths parallel to the long side of the solar cell ranging from 5 about 1 mm to about 10 mm for example. The spacing of the contact pads may be 25

measured parallel to the long side of the solar cell from about 3mm to about 30mm; For example. contact may form 30; For example; Made of aluminum and/or electroplated copper, the aluminum back contact configuration provides 0 stretching of the back surface field which reduces the back surface recombination in the solar cell and thus improves the efficiency of the solar cell. If the contact 30 consists of copper Yay aluminum »; Contact 30 may be used in combination with another quench scheme (eg aluminum oxide to similarly reduce “sale”) back surface tuning. Separate contact pads 25 may consist of eg silver paste paste The use of 0 separate silver 25 yau continuous silver paste along the edge of the cell reduces the amount of silver in a back surface metallization pattern, which usefully reduces cost. Solar back surface field provided by aluminum contact formation to reduce back surface retuning The use of discrete silver 5 contacts instead of a continuous silver contact may improve solar cell efficiency This is because the back surface silver contact does not introduce the back surface field and therefore tends to enhance The combination of tin soldering and production of passive (inactive) volumes in solar cells above the silver contacts.In traditionally strip-structured solar cell chains these passive volumes are typically shaded by conductive bands and/or bars on a front surface of the solar cell; Therefore, it does not result in any additional 0 loss of efficiency. in the solar cells and supercells disclosed in the present application; However; The solar cell size is above the back surface silver contact pads 5 not typically shaded by any front surface metallization; (gy) The dead volumes resulting from the use of metallization of the back surface with silver reduce cell efficiency. The use of separate silver contact pads 25 instead of a continuous silver contact pad along the edge of the back surface of the solar cell 5 thus reduces the size of any such dead zones and increases the efficiency solar cell

In contrast images do not rely on the posterior surface area to reduce posterior surface retuning; The rear surface metallization pattern may employ a continuous busbar 25 that runs the length of the solar cell in place of separate contact pads 25; As shown for example in Fig. 2f. The conductor rod 25 mentioned for example JO may consist of tin or silver.

Other variants of back surface metallization patterns may employ separate tin contact gaskets 25. Variations of back surface metallization patterns may employ finger contacts similar to those shown in the front surface metallization pattern in Figures 12-22 and may lack the contact pads and busbar. Although the specific representative solar cells shown in the figures are described as including

0 on specific combinations of front and back surface metallization patterns; In general any combination of front and back surface metallization patterns can be used. For example; A suitable combination may employ a front surface metallization pattern of silver incorporating the separate contact pads 15 (fingers 20; optional transfer connector 40; and a back surface metallization pattern comprising aluminum contacts 30 and the separate contact pads of silver 25). Another suitable combination may employ a front surface metallization pattern from sensitization

5 incorporating continuous busbar 15 (fingers 20 and optional transfer connector 40); back surface metallization pattern incorporating continuous busbar 25 and copper contacts 30. In the supercell manufacturing process (described in more detail Lad below) the sale can be dispensed with Electrically conductive tape used to bond adjacent superimposed solar cells in the supercell only to contact pads (separate or continuous) at the edge of the front or back surface of the cell

0 solar; Not in the parts surrounding the solar cell. This reduces the use of the substance and »as previously described; It may reduce or equalize the voltage arising from a mismatch between the electrically conductive wire sale and the solar cell. However; during or after sedimentation and before ripening; Parts of the Tiles dla gall Jas material may tend to diffuse past the contact pads and into the surrounding parts of the solar cell. For example (Jal) a binder resin portion of the electrically conductive binder can be drawn from a contact pad

5 to adjacent tight or porous portions of the solar cell surface by capillary forces. on about

additional; During the deposition process some of the conductive Jal may lose contact charge and instead be deposited on adjacent portions of the solar cell surface; It is likely to spread. This inaccurate spreading and/or deposition of the conductive bonding material may weaken the bond between the superimposed solar cells and may damage or wrongly deposit parts of the solar cell on which the conductive bonding material is spread. The aforementioned diffusion can be limited by the electrically conductive material Jou lh or

avoid it; For example; Using a metallization pattern forms a seal or barrier near or around each pad to hold the highly conductive bonding material in place. As shown in Figures 2H-2K; For example; The metallization pattern of the front surface may include separate contact pads 15, fingers 20 and baffles 17; Each with 17 barrier surrounds

0 with a corresponding contact pad 15 and performs a sealing function to form a trench between the contact pad and barrier. The parts 19 sale bond of immature conductive adhesive sale 18 that flow from the contact packings can be trapped; or which lose contact pads when disposed of on the solar cell; By parapets 17 to trenches. This prevents further diffusion of the conductive adhesive matrix from the contact pads to the pericellular compartments. Fenders 17 may consist of the same material as Fingers 20 and gaskets

5 Contact 15 (eg (Jha silver); for example; may have heights from about 0 µm to about 40 µm; for example; and widths from about 30 µm to about 100 µm; for example. Trench that forms between a diaphragm 17 and a contact pad 15 may have a width from about 100 microns to about 2 mm, for example.Although the examples shown include a single diaphragm 17 only around each front contact pad 15; in

0 other contrasts Two or more of the said barriers may be located concentrically; For example; around each contact insert. A pad in contact with a frontal surface and one or more of its surrounding septa may form a shape similar to a 'cana'; For example. As shown in Figure 2h; For example, “Jia” barriers 17 can interconnect with fingers 20 and with thin conductors that connect contact pads 15 between them.

similarly; As shown in Figures 2L-2N; For example; A back surface metallization pattern may include the separate back contact shims 25 (eg; silver); Contact (eg aluminum) 30 covers substantially all remaining back surface of the solar cell; barriers (eg; silver) 27; With each baffle 27 surrounded by a corresponding rear contact pad 25 and performs a bridging function to create a trench between the contact pad and baffle. can oad from

toucher 30 trench fill; As it turns out. Portions of immature conductive adhesive sale binder flowing out of contact pads 25 or that are missing contact pads when dispensed can be trapped on the solar cell; By parapets 27 to the trenches. This prevents the conductive adhesive binder from spreading further from the contact pads to the pericellular compartments.

0 septa 27 may have heights from about 10 µm to about 40 µm; For example; width values from about 50 microns to about 500 microns; For example. A trench formed between bulkhead 27 and a padding (ued 25) may have a width from about 100 microns to about 2 cas for example. Although the examples shown include a single bulkhead 27 only around each padding contacting a back surface 25; in pics Another heterojunction can locate two or more

5. Of the barriers mentioned concentric for example; around each contact insert. A contact pad may form a back surface and one or more surrounding barriers have a shape similar to 'aoa' 'sada' for example. A continuous conducting rod or a contact pad running substantially along the edge of the solar cell may also be surrounded by Jala. conductive adhesive binder, for example;

0 Figure 2f shows said bulkhead 27 surrounding the rear surface carrier rod 25. The front surface carrier rod may be Ao) eg; Conveyor rod 15 in Fig. 12) is fles flanked by the septum. Similarly, a row of packings in contact with the anterior or posterior surface may be enclosed as a group by said septum, rather than being individually enclosed by the independent septa.

Yau from enclosing the carrier rod or one or more contact pads as previously described; may be

A front or back surface metallization pattern feature forms a baffle that runs substantially the length of the solar cell

parallel to the edge of the superimposed solar cell; With positioning of the carrier rod or contact gaskets between

Barrier and edge of the solar cell. Said barrier may double performance in the form of the transfer connector (described earlier). For the example of Jal in Figure 2p, the switching conductor presents 40 inclined bulkheads

To avoid spreading immature conductive adhesive bonding material onto the contact pads 15 to

The active area of the front surface of the solar cell. A similar fixture can be used for metallic patterns

back surface.

Conductive adhesive bonding diffusion barriers may be spaced farther from the contact pads or busbars

0 _ to form a trench as previously described; But this is not required. Said barriers may alternatively abut a contact pad or the carrier rod; As shown in Figures 2h or 2p for example. In the aforementioned variants the diaphragm is preferably longer than the contact pad or busbar; To trap an immature conductive adhesive bonding material in the contact pad or carrier rod. Although Figures 2h and 2h show parts of a frontal surface metallization pattern; can use

5 similar equipment for back surface metal patterns. Barriers may be located to spread conductive adhesive bonding material and/or ditches between said barriers and contact pads or busbars; and any sale of conductive adhesive bandage spread to said trenches; optionally within a region of the solar cell surface overlaid by the adjacent solar cell in the supercell; And therefore, it is not visible in the view and is roofed from exposure to solar radiation.

0 as an alternative or additionally to the use of barriers as previously described; The electrically conductive binder may be deposited using a mask or by any other suitable method (eg; screen printing) that allows for accurate deposition and thus requires smaller amounts of electrically conductive binder that is less likely to diffuse further than the contact packings or miss the contact packings during deposition.

in general; The solar cells 10 may employ any suitable front and back surface metallization patterns. FIG. 14 shows gia from a front surface of a representative rectangular supercell 100 comprising the solar cells 10 as shown in Fig. 12 arranged in a roofed manner as shown in FIG. 1. As a result of the roofed geometry; There is no physical void between the 10 pairs of solar cells. Additionally; Although the conductor rod 15 of the solar cell 10 is at one end of a supercell

0 be Spe ¢ The bus bars (or front surface contact gaskets) of other solar cells are not visible under an overlapping shal of adjacent solar WIA. As a result; The 100 Supercell efficiently uses the space it takes up in a Solar Bang. Almost all of the space is available to produce more electricity than in the case of conventionally structured solar cell installations

0 and solar cell assemblies comprising many conductive bars visible on the illuminated surface of the solar cell. Figures B-4c show front and back views; Respectively; for another 100 representative supercell comprising primarily the bevelled rectangular silicon chevron solar cell but otherwise similar to that of Fig. 4a. In the example shown in Figure M4 the transfer conductors 40 are not visible by overlapping parts

5. From the neighborhood. alternatively Solar cells comprising shunt contactors 40 may be similarly stacked as shown in Figure 14 without covering the shunt contactors. The conductor rod exposed to a front surface 15 at one end of a Super 100 cell and metallization of the rear surface of the solar cell at the other end of a Super 100 cell provides the positive and negative terminal (terminal) contacts of the Super cell which can be used to electrically connect the Super 100 cell to the cells

0 and/or other electrical components upon request. Adjacent solar cells may be overlapped into a super cell of 100 by any suitable amount; For example by from about 1 millimeter (mm) to about 3 mm. As shown in Figures 15-35 ¢ for example; Roofed supercells as previously described may efficiently fill the solar module space. ia these solar modules can be awful in shape

or rectangular; For example. Rectangular solar modules, as shown in Figures 15-35, may have short sides that have length; For example, about 1 jie and long sides have length; For example; From about 1.5 to about 2.0 metres. Any other suitable shapes and dimensions of solar modules can also be used. Any suitable supercell arrangement can be used in a solar module. in a square or rectangular solar module; Supercells are typically arranged in rows parallel to the short or long sides of the solar module. Each row may contain one of two; or more end-to-end arranged supercells. The 100 ya supercell from Bang constitutes said solar which may comprise any suitable number of 10 solar cells and be of any suitable length. In some contrast 0 images each super WAY 100 has a length approximately equal to the length of the short sides of a rectangular solar module of which said is a part. In the GAT variant, the super LIAN 100 is approximately half the length of the short sides of a rectangular solar module of which the LIAN is a part. In other variations, the supercells have a length of 100 approximately equal to the length of the long sides of a rectangular solar module of which gia is mentioned. In other variations, the 100 supercells have a length equal to about 5 half the length of the long sides of a rectangular solar module of which ga is mentioned. The number of solar cells required to make supercells of these lengths depends, of course, on the dimensions of the solar module; solar cell dimensions; And the amount of overlay of adjacent solar cells. Any other lengths suitable for supercells can also be used. in variant ly forms in which the supercell 100 has a length approximately equal to the length of the short sides of a rectangular solar module; The supercell may include ;. For example (Jaa on 56 rectangular solar cells have dimensions of about 19.5 le meters (mm) by about 156 cae with adjacent solar cells superimposed by about 3 mm. Eight of the said rectangular solar cells can be separated from a conventional square wafer or pseudo-square 156 mm. Alternatively said supercell may comprise. For example »38 rectangular solar cells having dimensions of about 26 mm by Joa 156 mm;5 with adjacent solar cells overlapping by about 2 mm. Six can be separated of solar cells

Said rectangular from a conventional square or pseudo-square wafer 156 mm thick. in contrast forms in which the supercell has a length of 100 Choad Luin equal to the length of the short sides of a rectangular solar module; may include supercell. For example; The 28 rectangular solar cells have dimensions of about a millimeter (mm) by about 156 mm; With an overlay of adjacent solar cells by about 3

5 mm. alternatively Said supercell may include; For example, 19 rectangular solar cells have dimensions of about 26 mm by about 156 mm, with an overlap of adjacent solar cells by about 2 mm. In the Ally variant, the supercell has a length of 100 approximately equal to the length of the long sides of a rectangular solar module; A cell (dll for example Jha) may have 72 solar AY

0 rectangular has dimensions of about 26 mm by about 156 mm; With an overlap of adjacent solar cells by about 2 mm. In the variant Allg in which the 100 supercell has a length approximately equal to half the length of the long sides of a rectangular solar module; may include supercell. For example, the LDA 36 rectangular solar panels have dimensions of about 26 mm by about 156 mm; With an overlap of adjacent solar cells by about 2 mm.

5 Figure 15 shows a representative rectangular solar module 200 comprising twenty super-rectangular cells 100 each having a length approximately one-half the length of the short sides of the solar module. The supercells are arranged end-to-end in pairs to form ten rows of supercells; The rows and long sides of the supercells are oriented parallel to the short sides of the solar module. In contrast (GAT) forms each row of supercells may contain three or more cells

0 over super cells. lead as files A configured solar module may have more or fewer supercell rows than shown in this example. (Fig. 114, for example, shows a solar module comprising twenty-four rectangular WAY supercells arranged in twelve rows of two supercells.) The blank 210 shown in Figure 15 facilitates the provision of electrical contact with the terminal contacts of a surface

5 anterior (eg » bus bar contacts or exposed 15 breakaways) of the cells

Ultra 100 along the centerline of the solar module; In contrast, in which the supercells in each row are so arranged that at least one of them has terminal contact with an anterior surface at the end of the supercell adjacent to another supercell in a row. For example; Two supercells may be in an arranged row with one supercell having terminal contact with its front surface along the centerline and another supercell having terminal contact with its back surface along the centerline. In the aforementioned arrangement, two supercells may be in a row electrically connected in series by means of an interconnection arranged along the center line of the solar module and connected to a terminal contact of the front surface of one supercell and to a terminal contact of the back surface of another supercell. (See for example in Figure 8c discussed below.) in contrast 0 images in which each row of supercells contains three or more supercells; Additional voids may exist between the supercells and may similarly facilitate the provision of electrical contact with front surface terminal contacts located away from the sides of the solar module. Figure 5b shows a representative rectangular solar module 300 comprising ten super rectangular “DAY 100” each having a length approximately equal to the length of the short sides of the solar module. 5 The supercells are arranged in ten parallel rows with their long sides oriented parallel to the short sides of the unit. Similarly a configured solar sang may have more or fewer rows of lateral supercells of listed length less than shown in this example. Figure 5b Also, the figure of solar module 200 in Figure 315 Alla shows that there are no spaces between adjacent supercells in the rows of supercells in solar module 200. The void 210 0 in Figure 5a can be thinned; For example »by arranging the supercells so that each of the supercells in each row has terminal contacts to its posterior surface along the unit center line. In this case the supercells may be arranged almost adjacent to each other with little or no additional space between them because access to the front surface of the supercell is not required along the center of the unit. alternatively Two of the 100 supercells in row may be arranged with one having 5 on its front surface end contact along the side of the unit and back surface end contact

It has along the center line of the unit; Others include the terminal contacts of its anterior surface along the unit center line and the terminal contacts of its posterior surface along the opposite side of the module, and the edges of adjacent superimposed supercells. The flexible interconnection may be confined between the overlapping ends of the AEE cells without shading any gia from the front surface of the solar module; to provide delivery

The electrode is in terminal contact with the anterior surface of one supercell and terminal contact with the posterior surface of another supercell. For rows containing three or more supercells, the above two methods can be used in combination. The supercells and rows of supercells shown in Figures 5a-5b may be interconnected by any suitable combination of electrical connections in series and in parallel; For example

0 As further described Lad below in relation to Figs. 10a-15. Interconnections may form between supercells. For example; Using flexible interconnections in a manner similar to that described below. Lad of Figs. 5c-c and the following. As shown by many of the examples described in this specification; The supercells in the solar modules described herein may be Lin-connected by a combination of parallel Jeg-series connections to provide a voltage

5 The output of the module is largely the same as the output voltage of a conventional solar module. In the above cases the output current of a solar module may also be the same as the output current of a conventional solar module. alternatively As further described below Lad the supercells in Bang solar may be interconnected to provide significantly higher output voltage to the solar module than the output voltage provided by conventional solar modules.

0 Figure 5c shows a representative rectangular solar module 350 comprising six of the rectangular supercells 100; Each has a length approximately equal to the length of the long sides of the solar module. The supercells are arranged in six parallel rows with their long sides oriented parallel to the long sides of the unit. Similarly a configured solar module may have more or less JB of rows of supercells with a side length of said than shown in this

5 example. Each super cell in this example (and in many of the examples that follow) has 72 cells

Rectangular parasols each having a width equal to approximately 1/6 the width of 156 mm. The wafer is square or pseudo-square. Any other suitable number of rectangular solar WAYs having any other suitable dimensions may also be used. In this example the terminal contacts of an anterior surface of supercells are connected Likes to each other by flexible interconnections 400 placed adjacent to and running parallel to the edge of one short side of the unit. The terminal contacts of the rear surface of the supercells are similarly interconnected by flexible interconnections placed adjacent to and running parallel to the edge of the short side [AY] behind the solar module. The back surface interconnections are not shown in the view in Fig. 5c. This device electrically connects supercells with a length of six units in parallel. The details of the flexible interconnections and their equipment in these 0 ms and others are discussed in more detail lad below in connection with Figs. 6-8g. Figure 5d shows a representative rectangular solar module 360 comprising A tenth of a rectangular supercell 0. Each has a length approximately equal to half the length of the long sides of the module. The supercells are arranged end-to-end in pairs to form six rows of ABW cells with the rows and long sides of the supercells oriented parallel to the long sides of the solar module. 5 In contrast (gal) each row of supercells may include three or more supercells. Also, a similarly configured solar module may have more or fewer rows of supercells than shown in this example. Each supercell in this example (and in many of the following) comprises 36 WAY rectangular solar cells each with a width equal to approximately 1 by the width of a 156 mm square or pseudo-square wafer. Any other suitable number of rectangular solar cells may be used Space 410 facilitates the provision of electrical contact with terminal contacts to a front surface of supercells 100 along the center line of the solar module.In this example flexible interconnections 400 are placed adjacent to and running in a Dye manner to the edge of one short side of the module Electrically interconnects front surface terminal contacts of six supercells.

posterior to six other supercells. Flexible interconnectors (not shown in this figure) positioned with a length of 410 interspace space connect each pair of supercells in a row respectively and; optionally; It extends laterally to connect adjacent rows in parallel. This arrangement connects six rows of supercells electrically in parallel. Optionally" in a first group of cells

A supercell is a first supercell in each row electrically connected in parallel to a first supercell in each of the other rows.” In de sane a second supercell is a second supercell electrically connected in parallel to a second supercell in each of the other rows; Two sets of supercells are electrically connected in series. The latter arrangement allows each of the two sets of supercells to be placed individually in parallel with a branching diode.

0 The details in Fig. 5d locate a cross-section view shown in Fig. 18 of the interconnect from the end contacts of the rear surface of the supercells along the edge of one short side of the unit. Detail 8 similarly locates the cross-section view shown in Fig. 8b of the interface from the terminal contacts of an anterior surface of supercells along the edge of the other short side of the unit. Detail C locates a cross-section view shown in Figure 8c for the interconnection

5 in a row of supercells within a row along a gap 410. Figure 5e shows a representative rectangular solar module 370 configured similarly to that in Fig. 5c; Except that in this Jal all the solar cells that make up the supercells are LA solar chevrons that have the beveled corners corresponding to the corners of the pseudo-shape wafer from which the solar cells are separated.

0 Figure 5f shows another representative rectangular solar module 380 configured similarly to that in Figure 5c; Except that in this example the solar cells that make up the supercells comprise a mixture of rectangular chevron solar cells arranged to reproduce the wafer da ye shapes from which they were detached. In the example of Figure 5f; Chevron solar cells may be more extensively perpendicular to their tubular axes than solar cells

5 rectangular to offset the missing corners in the chevron cells; So that the solar cells have a chevron

Rectangular solar cells have the same active area exposed to solar radiation during unit operation

Accordingly, an identical stream.

Figure 35 shows another representative rectangular solar module configured similarly to that in ?

Fig. 5e (i.e. includes only the chevron solar cells) except that in the solar module of Fig. C the adjacent chevron solar cells in the supercell are arranged as photo-matches

to each other so that their overlapping edges have the same length. This increases the length of each link

superimposed Hence it facilitates heat flow through the supercell.

Other configurations of rectangular solar modules may include one or ST rows of cells

a supercell that consists only of rectangular solar cells (not beveled); and one or more rows

0 supercell which consists only of beveled solar cells. For example; A rectangular solar module may be configured similarly to that in Fig. 5c; Except for having two outer rows of supercells each replaced by a row of supercells consisting only of beveled solar cells. The beveled solar cells in those rows may be arranged in photo-matching pairs as shown in Fig. 5g; For example.

5 in the representative solar modules shown in Figures 5c-5g; The electric current along each row of supercells is about 1/6 that of a conventional solar module of the same area because the rectangular solar cells that make up the supercells have the active area about 1/6 of that of a conventional size solar cell. For in these examples six rows of supercells are electrically connected in parallel; However; Representative solar modules may generate a total electric current

0 is equal to that generated by a conventional solar module of the same area. This facilitates a subunit of the representative solar modules in Figures 35-25 (and other examples described lad follow) for conventional solar modules. Figure 6 shows in more detail than Figures 5c-5g an exemplary arrangement of three rows of supercells interconnected with flexible electrical interconnections for supercell placement

within each row in succession to each other; To place the rows parallel to each other.

These may be three rows in the solar module of Fig. 5d; For example. In the example from

Figure 6; Each Super 100 cell includes a flexible interconnect

0 conductively bonded to an end contact with the front surface of E and the other flexible interconnection conductively bonded with end contact to the back surface thereof. be two supercells

Within each row electrically connected in series by the flexible joint interconnection linked on

A conductor with terminal contacts on the front surface of a single supercell and terminal contacts on the back surface of a cell

other super. Each flexible interface was placed adjacent to and running parallel to one end of the cell

The supercell that is attached to the bah and may extend laterally beyond the supercell to be connected in a manner

0 is connected to the flexible interconnection in the supercell in an adjacent row; Connecting adjacent rows electrically in parallel. The dotted lines in Fig. 6 depict parts of flexible interconnections that are hidden from view by covering parts of the ABU cells, or parts of supercells that are hidden from view by covering parts of the flexible interconnections. Flexible interconnectors 400 may be conductively connected to supercells using the »on

5 example; Mechanically compatible electrically conductive bonding material as previously described for use in bonding stacked solar cells. Optionally, the electrically conductive binder may be present only at discrete locations along the edges of the supercell rather than in a continuous line extending significantly along the edge of the supercell. To reduce or equalize the voltage parallel to the edges of the supercell arising from the mismatch between the thermal expansion correlation coefficient of the electrically conductive ribbon material or the interconnections of the supercell.

0 Flexible interconnections 400 may consist of or include thin copper sheets; For example. The flexible interconnectors 400 may be optionally patterned or otherwise configured to increase their mechanical compatibility (flexibility) both perpendicular to and parallel to the edges of the supercells to reduce or offset the voltage perpendicular to and parallel to the edges of the supercells arising from the mismatch between the CTE of the interconnection and that of the supercells. Said profiling may include; For example (JB on notches; notches; or

5 holes. The conductive parts of the 400 interconnections shall have shims; For example; J from

— 6 9 —

about 100 microns; less than about 50 microns; less than about 30 microns; or less than about a micron to increase the flexibility of the interconnections. The mechanical compatibility of the elastic interconnection and its bonds to the supercells should be; Sufficient for the interconnected supercells to be able to withstand the stress generated by the CTE mismatch during the lamination process which is described in more detail below.

5 relates to methods of manufacturing roofed solar cell units; and to withstand the stress arising from the CTE mismatch during the temperature cycling test between about -40°C and about 85°C. preferably Flexible interconnectors 400 exhibit resistance to current flow parallel to the terminals of the supercells to which they are connected is less than or equal to about 0.015 ohms; less than or equal to about 0.012 ohms; or less than or equal to about 0.01 ohms.

0 Figure 17 shows several representative bodies. Allocated in reference numbers (T400-A400) may be suitable for flexible interconnection 400. As shown in cross-section views in Figs. 18-28 (eg (Jaa) The solar modules described in this specification typically have a plate structure laminate structure with supercells and one or SST of laminate material 4101 sandwiched between a transparent front sheet 420

5 and back chip 430. The front transparent chip may be glass; For example. optionally; The backing sheet may also be transparent; This may allow bifacial operation of the solar module. The back sheet may be a polymer wafer eg 0. hay the solar module may be a glass-glass module with both the front sheet and the back sheet made of glass. A cross-section view is shown in Fig. 18 (details from Fig. 5d ) is an example of interconnection

0 elastomeric 400 hase bonded to an end contact with the rear surface of the supercell close to the edge of the solar module and extends inward below the supercell; And they are not visible in the view from the front of the solar unit. An additional section of envelope may be placed between interconnect 400 and the rear surface of the supercell. As it turns out.

— 0 7 — A cross-section view of Fig. 8b (detail 8 of Fig. 5) shows an example of a flexible interconnect 400 conductively bonded to a terminal contact of a front surface of a supercell. A cross-section view of Fig. z8 (detail 0 of Fig. 0) shows =(Example of joint flexible interconnection 400 conductively bonded to a terminal contact of a front surface of one supercell and to a terminal contact of the rear surface of another supercell to connect two supercells

Liles respectively. Electrically connected flexible interconnections with terminal contacts may be configured to a front surface of the supercell or arranged to occupy only the narrower front surface width of the solar module; Which may be located, for example, near the edge of the solar module. It may have a front surface area of the unit occupied by

10 interconnections mentioned narrower width perpendicular to supercell edge; For example; is > about 10 mm; > about 5 cae or > about 3 mm. In the setup shown in Figure 8b; For example (Jal) the flexible interconnection 400 lit may be configured to extend farther from the terminal of the supercell by not more than the said distance. Figures 8d-8g show additional examples of setups whereby a flexible interconnection electrically connected to a terminal contact may actuate a front surface of

5 supercell only a narrower width of the front surface of the unit. The aforementioned equipment facilitates efficient use of the front surface area of the unit to produce electricity. terminal to the supercell and folded around the edge of the supercell to the rear of the supercell. 435 insulation film may be applied; which may be pre-coated on the flexible interconnection 400; between interconnection

0 flex 400 and the back surface of the supercell. Figure 8e shows the flexible interconnection 400 comprising a thin narrow strip 440 that is conductively attached to an end front surface of the supercell loads with a thin broad strip 5 which extends behind the rear surface of the supercell. 435 insulation film may be; and who can

— 1 7 — shall be pre-coated on strap 445 placed between strap 445 and the rear surface of the supercell. Figure 8f shows the flexible interconnect 400 attached to a terminal front surface contact of the supercell and rolled and compressed into a flat coil occupying only the narrow width of the front surface of the solar module. Figure 8g shows the flexible interconnection 400 comprising a thin strip of bonding conductively attached to the front end surface contact of the supercell and a cross-sectional segment Slaw located adjacent to the supercell. In Figures 18-38 “flexible interconnect aye 400” may extend along the entire length of the edges of the supercells (eg “lo” on the drawing page) as shown in Figure 6 0 for example. Optionally, portions of the 400 ly flexible interconnection that are otherwise visible from the front of the unit may be covered with a dark film, laminate, or otherwise tinted to reduce visual contrast between the interconnection and the supercell; As a person with normal color vision perceives. For example” in Figure z8 black film or optional packaging 425 covers parts of the interconnect 400 that 5 would otherwise be visible from the front of the unit. In another way the visible parts of Interconnect 400 shown in the other figures may be similarly covered or colored. Conventional solar modules typically have three or more branching diodes, which are silicon solar cells. This must be done to limit the amount of power that might be dissipated as 0 heat in the reverse biased solar cell. A solar cell (Le eg Jal) can be biased due to a defective and dirty front surface; Or uneven illumination that limits its ability to pass the current generated in the series. The heat generated in a solar cell in reverse bias depends on the voltage across the solar cell and the current through the solar cell. If the voltage across the reverse biased solar cell exceeds the breakdown voltage of the solar cell; The heat dissipated in a cell will equal voltage

Breakdown of the current generated in the series. Silicon solar cells typically have a breakdown voltage of 16-30 volts. Because each silicon solar cell produces a voltage of about 0.64 volts when operating, a series of more than 24 solar cells can produce a voltage across the reverse biased solar cell that exceeds the breakdown voltage.

In conventional solar modules in which the solar cells are spaced apart and interconnected by straps; Heat is not easily transferred away from the hot solar cell. Accordingly; The power dissipated in the solar cell at the hot spot breakdown voltage of the Ally solar cell can cause significant thermal damage and possibly a fire. In conventional solar modules, a multiplexing diode is therefore required for each array of 18-24 solar cells connected on a solar panel

0 in series to ensure that the solar cell in series is not reverse biased above the breakdown voltage. The applicants discovered the ease of heat transfer along a silicon supercell through thin electrically and thermally conductive bonds between adjacent superimposed silicon solar cells. In addition to the above; The current through the supercell in the solar modules described herein is typically lower than the current through a series of conventional solar cells; Because the supercells described in the present application 5 are typically formed by roofing rectangular solar cells, each of which has an active area less than (eg » 1/6) that of a conventional solar cell. In addition to the above; The aspect ratio of the rectangular solar cells typically used in the present application provides extended areas of thermal contact between adjacent solar cells. As a result, less heat is dissipated in the reverse-biased solar cell at breakdown voltage, and heat spreads easily through the supercell and solar module without forming a dangerous hot spot. The applicants have therefore realized that the supercell solar modules as described in the present application may employ much fewer branching diodes than those requested conventionally. For example, in some variants of solar modules as described in the present application, the supercell includes no > 25 solar cells; SN about 30 solar cells; SN 5 about 50 solar cells; no > about 70 solar cells; Or not > about 100 can be employed

A solar cell such that no solar cell or one group of solar cells in the supercell is electrically connected in parallel and separately by a branching diode. Optionally, an entire supercell of these lengths may be electrically connected in parallel to a single branching diode. Optionally, supercells of these lengths can be employed without a branching diode.

Several additional and optional design features can configure supercell solar modules as described in the present order to more seas the heat dissipated in the reverse biased solar cell. Referring again to Figures 8-18c; The 4101 laminate may be or incorporate a thermoplastic olefin (TPO) TPO laminates are more photothermically stable than ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) laminates

0 standard. EVA turns brown with temperature and UV light and leads to hot spot issues that are formed by current-limiting cells. These problems are minimized or can be avoided with a TPO encapsulation. In addition to the above, solar modules may include a glass-to-glass structure in which both the front sheet 420 and the back sheet 430 are both clear glass. This glass-to-glass structure helps the solar module to Safe operation at temperatures greater than those

5 A traditional polymer wallpaper can afford it. as well as additionally; The junction box can be installed on one or more of the edges of the solar module; Yay from behind the solar module where the junction box adds an additional layer of thermal insulation to the solar cells in the module above. Figure 19 shows a representative rectangular solar module comprising six rectangular roofed super WAs arranged in six rows running along the long sides of the solar module. be six of the cells

0 superchargers are electrically connected in parallel to each other and to a branching diode placed in junction box 490 on the back surface of the solar module. The electrical connections between the supercells and the branching diode are formed by 450 bars embedded in the lamellar structure of the unit. Figure 9b shows another representative rectangular solar module comprising six rectangular roofed supercells arranged in six rows running along the long sides of the solar module. be cells

5 superchargers are electrically connected in parallel to each other. Positive junction box P490

The independent negative NAO is placed on the back surface of the solar module at opposite ends of the solar module. The supercells are electrically connected in parallel to a branching diode located in one of the junction boxes by means of an external cable 455 running between the junction box. Figures 9c-9d show a rectangular glass-glass solar module comprising six rectangular roofed supercells arranged in six rows running along the long sides of the solar module in a structure

Laminate comprising the front sheet and the back sheet of glass. Supercells are electrically connected in parallel to each other. The independent positive 0490 and negative 0 terminal junction box shall be mounted on opposite edges of the solar module. Super-roofed cells give way to unit-scheme uniqueness opportunities for power management devices

0 at the unit level (eg, DCJ AC mini-transformers; DCJ DC voltage intelligence and intelligent inverters; related devices). The main feature of unit-level power management systems is power optimization. Supercells can As described and used in the present order produce higher voltage values than conventional panels.Additionally, the super unit cell scheme can additionally segment the unit.Both higher voltage values operate

5, fragmentation incremental configuration has unique advantages to improve the ability. Figure 9e shows one representative architecture for unit-level capacity management using roofed supercells. In this figure a representative rectangular solar module comprises six rectangular roofed supercells arranged in six rows running along the long sides of the solar module. Three of the DAY super pairs are separately connected to the 460 power management system; To enable further independent optimization

0 for unit capacity. Figure 9f shows another representative architecture for unit level capacity management using a roofed super WAY. In this figure a representative rectangular solar module comprises six rectangular roofed supercells arranged in six rows running along the long sides of the solar module. be six of

The supercells are individually connected (allay power management 460) to also enable further independent optimization of the module capacity. Figure 9 shows another exemplary unit-level power management architecture using roofed supercells. In this figure a representative rectangular solar module has six or more The 998 rectangular roofed supercells are arranged in six or more rows, where three or more are in pairs

Supercells are individually connected to a branching diode or PMS 460; To also allow for further independent improvement of unit capacity. Figure 9h shows another representative architecture for unit-level capacity management using a roofed super WAY. In this figure a representative rectangular solar module comprises six or more supercells

0 998 rectangular roofs arranged in six rows or FST where every two of the super cell are connected in series” and all pairs are connected in parallel. The branching diode or PMS 460 shall be connected in parallel in all pairs; many improves unit capability. In some contrasting images; Module level power management allows the elimination of all branch diodes in the solar module while still eliminating dangerous hot spots. This is achieved

5 by integrating module-level voltage intelligence. By monitoring the solar cell circuit voltage output (eg, single or supercell SST) in the solar module; An 'intelligent conversion' capability management device can determine which circuit contains which solar cells are in reverse bias. If the luke biased solar cell is detected, a power management device can disconnect a corresponding circuit from the electrical system using, for example, a relay switch or an AT component, if

0 The voltage of the monitored solar cell circuit has fallen below a preset threshold value (VLIMIt) after which the power management device (open circuit) closes that circuit while ensuring continued connection of the module or series of modules.

— 6 7 — in the specified embodiments; where the circuit voltage is lower by more than a specified percentage or capacity (eg Jal 720 or 10 volts) than other circuits in the same solar array; It will be closed. Electronic devices will detect this change based on the connection within the unit. This implementation of voltage intelligence can be integrated into existing power management solutions at the unit level (eg Jus 5 from Tigo Inc. Solaredge Technologies (Enphase Energy Inc. (Inc.

Energy or through the usual design of the circuit. An example of calculating the VLIMIt threshold value voltage is: CellVoc@Low 1 & High Temp x Nnumber of cells in series — VrbReverse “breakdown voltage > VLimit where: CellVoc@Low 111 & High Temp© = voltage Open circuit for a cell operating at low radiation and at high temperature Ji) Expected operation (VOC ax = Nnumber of cells in series © Series connected cells in each monitored super cell. VibReverse breakdown voltage ©« = 5 Reverse polarity voltage required to pass a current through the cell This method of module-level power management using intelligent conversion can e.g. mm connect more than 100 silicon solar cells in series within a single module without affecting the integrity or reliability of the module. Additional The mentioned smart shunt 0 can be used to limit string voltage transmission to a central transformer Longer unit strings can be mounted upon it without safety or bypass concerns about overvoltage The weakest Lala unit can be shunted (turned off) if string voltage values rise vs. limit.

Figures 112 13 13 13b; 11C-2; The front surface of each supercell is of negative polarity and the end surface contacts of the back surface of each supercell are of positive polarity If the modules are used instead supercells that have front surface end contacts of positive polarity and end contacts of the AA surface of negative polarity then the discussion can be modified The following physical diagrams are by swapping the positive with the negative and reversing the direction of the diodes

0 for branching. Some of the various vectors referred to in the description may consist of these shapes; For example; with the 400 interconnections described earlier. Other vectors described in these figures can be implemented; eg; Using tapes embedded in the laminate structure of a solar module or with external cables. Figure 110 shows a representative schematic circuit of a solar module as shown in Figure 5b;

5 in which the solar module includes ten super-rectangular cells 100 each having a length approximately equal to the length of the short sides of the solar module. The supercells are arranged in the solar module with their long sides oriented parallel to the short sides of the module. All supercells are electrically connected in parallel to a branching diode 480. Figures 1-010 and 10b-2 show a representative gale diagram of the solar module from Figure 10a.

0 Bus 11485 Negative terminal contacts (front surface) of the supercell 100 to the positive terminal of the branching diode 480 in junction box 490 located on the rear surface of the unit. Jalil 0485 connects the positive terminal contacts (back surface) of the supercells 100 to the negative terminal of the branch diode 480. The entire bus 5485 may rest behind the supercells. Bus 5 and/or its supercell interconnection occupies part of the front surface of the unit.

Figure 11 shows a representative schematic circuit of a solar module as shown in Figure 5a; in which the solar module includes twenty of the 100 rectangular supercells; Each has a length approximately half the length of the short sides of the solar module; The supercells are arranged end-to-end in pairs to form ten rows of supercells. The first supercell in each row is connected in parallel to the first supercell in the other rows and in parallel by a diode

For branching 500. A second supercell in each row is connected in parallel to the second supercells in other rows and in parallel with a bypass diode 510. Two sets of supercells are connected in series” Jie two bypass diodes .diodes

Figures 11b-1 and 11b-2 show a representative physical diagram of the solar module from Figure 11. In this diagram a first supercell in each row has its front surface terminal contact (negative) along the first side of the module and its back surface terminal contact (positive) along unit center line; Each second supercell in each row has its front surface terminal contact (negative) along the unit center line and its back surface terminal contact (positive) along the side

5 second of the unit opposite the first side. Bus 81515 connects the front surface (negative) terminal contact of a first supercell in each row to the positive terminal of branching diode 500. Bus 5 connects the rear surface (positive) terminal contact of a second supercell in each row to the negative terminal of branching diode 510. Bus 520 connects Back surface terminal contact (positive) of a first supercell in each row and front surface terminal contact (negative) of a second supercell in each row

0 to the negative terminal of the branching diode 500 and the positive terminal of the branching diode 510. Bus 0515 may lie entirely behind the super WAY. The 1515 bus and/or its supercell interconnection occupies part of the front surface of the unit. The bus may occupy 520 ja of the front surface of the unit; Requires a 210 blank as shown in Figure 5A. alternatively Bus 520 may lie entirely behind the supercells and be electrically connected to the supercells with discreet interconnects

confined between the superimposed ends of the supercells. In the said case little or no space is needed 210. Figures 1c-1; 11c-2; and 11c-3 shows a representative gale diagram AT of the solar module of Fig. 111. In this diagram a first supercell in each row has its front surface terminal contact (negative) along the first side of the module and the back surface terminal contact (positive) along the center line of the unit; A second supercell in each row has its rear surface terminal contact (positive) along the unit center line and its front surface terminal contact (negative) along the second side of the unit opposite the first side. Bus N525 connects the front (negative) surface terminal contact of a first supercell in each row to the positive terminal of branch 500 diode 0. Bus 81530 connects the front (negative) surface terminal contact of the second cell in each row to the negative terminal of branch 500 diode and to terminal Positive of branching diode 0. Bus 0535 connects the back surface terminal contact (positive) of a first cell in each row to the negative terminal of branching diode 500 and to the positive terminal of branching diode 510. Bus 0540 connects the back surface terminal contact (positive) of the second cell in each Row 5 to the negative terminal of the branching diode 510. Bus 0535 and bus 0540 may lie entirely behind the supercells. The N525 Jalil and Bus 0 and/or their interface to supercells occupy part of the front surface of the module. FIG. 112 shows a schematic diagram of another representative circuit for a solar module as shown in FIG. 5a; in which the solar module comprises twenty super-rectangular DAY 100; Each 0 has a length approximately half the length of the short sides of the solar module; The supercells are arranged end-to-end in pairs to form ten rows of supercells. In the circuit shown in Fig. 112 the supercells are arranged in four groups: in the first group the first supercells of the five upper rows are connected in parallel to each other and to a branching diode 545; In the second group the second super cells in the upper five rows are connected 5 in parallel to each other and a branching diode 505; In the third group are the cells

The first supercell of the five lower rows is connected in parallel to each other and to branching diode 0 and in the fourth group the second supercells of the five lower rows are connected in parallel to each other and to branching diode 555. The four groups of super WAY are connected in series with each other. Four branching diodes are also connected in series.

Figures 12B-1 and 12B-2 show a representative physical diagram of the solar module from Figure 12. In this diagram, a first set of supercells has front surface terminal contacts (negative) along the first side of the module and rear surface terminal contacts (positive) along line unit center; A second group of supercells comprises the terminal surface contacts

Its front 0 (negative) along the unit center line and its rear surface end contacts (positive) along the second side of the unit opposite the first side; Include the third group of supercells on their posterior surface terminal contacts (positive) along the first side of the module and their anterior surface terminal contacts (negative) along the module centerline; The fourth group of supercells includes the terminal contacts of their posterior surface (ange) along the unit center line

5 and the terminal contact of its front surface (negative) along the second side of the unit. Carrier 565L connects the terminal contacts of a front (negative) surface of supercells in a first set of supercells to each other and to the positive end of a branching diode 545. Carrier 570 connects the terminal contacts of the rear (positive) surface of supercells in a first set of supercells and the terminal contacts of a surface Anterior (negative) of superlative LAY in a second set of

0 supercells to each other; to the negative terminal of the branching diode 545; and with the positive terminal of a branching diode 550. Bus 575 connects the terminal contacts of the posterior surface (positive) of supercells in a second group of supercells and the terminal contacts of an anterior surface (negative) of supercells in the fourth group of supercells to each other; to the negative terminal of the 550 bypass diode; And to the positive terminal of the branching diode 555. Bus 580 connects the contacts

5 back surface terminal (positive) super WAL in group IV super LAL and contacts

terminal of anterior (negative) surface of the supercells in the third group of supercells to each other; to the negative terminal of the branching diode 555; And with the positive terminal of branching diode 560. Bus 0585 connects the terminal contacts of the rear surface (positive) of the supercells of the third group of supercells to each other and to the negative terminal of branching diode 560.

Bus 0585 and the part of Bus 575 that connects the supercells to a second set of supercells entirely may lie behind the super WAY. The remainder of bus 575 and bus 81565 and/or their interface to the gia supercells is occupied by the front surface of the unit. Bus 570 and Bus 580 may occupy part of the front surface of the unit; requires a space of 210 as shown in Fig. 15 in such a way that cays may lie entirely behind the supercells and be in contact

0 supercell electrics with discreet interconnections confined between the superimposed ends of the supercells. In the stated case little or no space must be provided 210. Figures 12c-2 (12c-2; 12c-3) show an alternative physical diagram of the solar module from Fig. 2. This diagram uses junction boxes A490 and 8490 instead of the single junction box 0 shown in Figures 12[b-1 and 12b-2; but otherwise it is equivalent to that in

5 Figures 12b-1 and 12b-2. FIG. 113 shows a schematic diagram of another representative circuit for a solar module as shown in FIG. 5a; in which the solar module includes twenty of the 100 rectangular supercells; Each has a length approximately equal to half the length of the short sides of the solar module; The supercells are arranged end-to-end in pairs to form ten rows of supercells. in the circuit shown in

0 Fig. 013 The supercells are arranged in al groups: in the first group the first supercells of the five upper rows are connected parallel to each other; in the second group the second supercells of the five upper rows are connected parallel to each other” in the third group the first supercells LAY of the five lower rows are connected parallel to each other; And in the fourth group are the second supercells of the five rows

The lower ones are connected parallel to each other. Group one and group two are in series connected to each other Jilly connected in parallel to branching diode 590. Group three and group four are connected in series to each other and therefore connected in parallel to another branching diode 595. The first and second groups are respectively connected to the third and fourth groups; And two branching diodes are in series as well. Figures 13c-1 and 13c-2 show a representative gale diagram of the solar module from Figure 13a. In this schematic, a first set of supercells has a front surface terminal contact (negative) along the first side of the module and a rear surface terminal contact (positive ) along the unit center line”; a second group of supercells has its front surface terminal contact 0 (negative) along the unit center line and its back surface terminal contact (positive) along the second side of the unit opposite the first side; and the third group of supercells includes The rear surface terminal contact (positive) along the first side of the unit and the front surface terminal contact (negative) along the unit center line; the group dal) of supercells includes the rear surface terminal contact (positive) along the unit center line and the surface terminal contact 5 its front (negative) along the second side of the unit. Carrier 600 connects the terminal contacts of a front (negative) surface of a first set of supercells to each other; to the terminal contacts of the posterior (positive) surface of the third group of supercells; to the positive terminal of branching diode 590; and to the negative terminal of the branching diode 595. The Ji 605 connects the back surface (positive) terminal contacts of a first set of supercells WAY 0 to each other and the front surface (negative) terminal contacts of a second set of supercells. Jal 5610 connects the terminal contacts of the rear (positive) surface of a second set of supercells to each other and to the negative terminal of branching diode 590. Bus 81615 connects the terminal contacts of the front (negative) surface of the fourth set of supercells to each other and to the positive terminal of branching diode 595. Carrier 620 Front Surface Terminal Contacts (Negative)

The third group of supercells to each other and the terminal contacts of the back surface (positive) of the fourth group of supercells. Bus 0610 and a portion of Bus 600 attached to the supercells of a supercell group III supercell may lie entirely behind the supercell WAY. The remainder is occupied by Bus 600 and Bus 81615 and/or

Their interconnection with the supercells is part of the front surface of the unit. Bus 605 and Bus 620 occupy part of the front surface of the unit; And it requires a space of 210 as shown in Figure 5a. alternatively They may lie entirely behind the supercells and be electrically connected to the supercells with discreet interconnections confined between the superimposed ends of the supercells. In the said case little or no space is needed 210.

0 Fig. 13b shows a representative schematic circuit of a solar module as shown in Fig. 5) in which the solar module comprises ten rectangular supercells 100 each having a length approximately equal to the length of the short sides of the module. The supercells are arranged in the solar module with the answers oriented The long ones are parallel to the short sides of the unit.In the circuit shown in Fig. 13b the supercells are arranged in two groups: in the first group they are

5 The upper five supercells are connected in parallel with each other and a branching diode 590; In the second group, the five lower super cells are connected in parallel to each other and to a diode for the branch 595. The two groups are connected in series to each other. Branching diodes shall also be connected in series. The circuit schematic of Figure 13b differs from that of Figure 113 by replacing each row

0 the two supercells in Figure 113 with one supercell. Accordingly; The physical diagram of the solar module of Figure 13b may be as shown in Figures 13C-1; 13c-2; 13c-3; omitting bus 605 and bus 620. FIG. 114 shows a representative Saag rectangular parasol 700 comprising da twenty rectangular supercells 100; Each shall have a length approximately equal to half the length of the short sides of the unit

solar. The supercells are arranged end-to-end in pairs to form twelve rows of ABU cells with the WIA supercell rows and long sides oriented parallel to the short sides of the module. Figure 14b shows a schematic diagram of a representative circuit of a solar module as shown in Figure 114. In the circuit shown in Figure 14b; The super LAY are arranged in three groups: in the first group the first super cells of the upper eight rows are connected in parallel to each other and to a branching diode TOS in the second group the super cells of the four lower rows are connected in parallel to each other and to a branching diode 710 and in Group 3 The second super cells of the upper eight rows are connected in parallel to each other and to diode 0 of branch 715. Three groups of super cells are connected in series. Three branching diodes are also connected in series. Figures 14c-1 and 14c-2 show a representative gale diagram of the solar module from Fig. 14[b. In this scheme a first set of supercells has its anterior surface terminal contacts (negative) along the first side of the unit and its posterior surface terminal contacts (positive) along 5 unit center line. In a second group of ABW cells a first supercell in each of the four lower rows comprises its rear surface terminal contact (positive) along the first side of the module and its front surface terminal contact (negative) along the module center line; A second supercell in each of the lower four rows includes its front surface terminal contact (negative) along the unit center line and its rear surface terminal contact (positive) along the second side of 0 unit opposite the first side. The third group of solar cells includes the terminal contacts of its rear surface (positive) along the center line of the unit and the terminal contacts of its back surface (negative) along the second side of the unit. N720 Jal) connects the front surface (negative) terminal contacts of a Jol group of supercells to each other and to the positive terminal of the branching diode 705. Bus 725 connects the 5 terminal contacts of the back surface (positive) of a first set of supercells to the terminal contacts of a surface

anterior (negative) of a second set of supercells; to the negative terminal of the branching diode 705; and with the positive terminal of branching diode 710. Bus P730 connects the terminal contacts of the rear (positive) surface of the third group of supercells to each other and to the negative terminal of branching diode 715. Bus 735 connects the terminal contacts of the front (negative) surface of the third group of supercells to each other (and ) with the terminal contacts of the posterior (positive) surface of a second set of supercells. to the negative terminal of the branching diode 710; and to the positive terminal of branching diode 715. may lie part of the superconductor 725 connected to the WAIL of a first set of supercells; Bus 0 + and part of Bus 735 attached to the supercells of a second set of supercells entirely 0 behind the supercells. Bus N720 and remaining parts of Bus 725 and Bus 735 and/or their interconnection to the ga ABW cells may occupy the front surface of the unit. Some of the examples described above include branching diodes in one or more junction boxes on the back surface of the solar module. This is not necessary; However. For example (Jaa) some or all of the in-plane branching diodes may be located using the 5 supercells around the circumference of the solar module or in spaces between the supercells; or they may be located behind the supercells. In these cases the branching diodes may be placed in a lamellar structure in which the supercells are encapsulated, eg The locations of the branching diodes may thus be decentralized Jy from the junction box, facilitating the replacement of the central junction box comprising both the positive and negative terminals of the unit with two of the The individual, independent 0-terminal connections that may be located on the back surface of the solar module close to the outer edges of the solar module, eg This dale approach reduces the current path length in strip connectors in the solar module and in the provision of cabling between solar modules, which reduces Material cost and increases unit capacity (by decreasing resistive power loss values). Referring to Fig. 15, for example (JU), a diagram (ole) of various electrical interconnections 5 per solar module as shown in Fig. 5b can include a diagram Schematic of the circuit in Figure 110

Employing a branching diode 480 located in the lamellar structure of the supercell and two individual junction box terminals 0490 and 1490. Figure 15 is best understood by comparison with Figures 10b-1 and 10b-2. Other unit schemes described earlier can be modified similarly.

The use of branching diodes in wafers as previously described can be facilitated by using low-current (shrinking area) rectangular solar cells as described previously; Because the power dissipated in a forward biased branching diode by low current solar cells may be less than in the case of conventional size solar cells. Therefore, branching diodes in solar modules described in this specification may require less thermal dipping than conventional ones; Accordingly, it can be transferred

0 outside the junction box on the back surface of the unit and into the chips. Individual solar sang connections may include DIY connectors; and/or other branching diodes carrying two or more electrical bodies; For example, they carry two or more of the previously described electrical bodies. In the aforementioned cases, the specific configuration for operating the solar module can be selected from two or more alternatives using switches and/or jumpers, for example.

5 Different organizations may use different numbers of supercells in series and/or in parallel to provide different combinations of output voltage and current from the solar module. Said solar module can be configured accordingly at the factory or site to select from two or more different voltage and current combinations. For example to select from high voltage and low current configuration; It has low voltage and high current.

0 FIGURE 16 shows a representative setup of a sang-level power management device Intelligent Conversion 750) as previously described; between two solar modules. Referring now to Fig. 17, an exemplary method of 800 solar module manufacturing as disclosed in this specification includes the following steps In step 810 conventional size solar cells (eg 156 mm x jie 156 mm jie or 125 mm) are cut.

mm x 125 mm) and/or slit to form narrow rectangular solar cell 'strips' (see also Figures 3-13e) and related previous description; for example). The resulting solar cell strips can optionally be tested and stored according to current performance. -voltage.Cells with identical or nearly identical -current-voltage performance can be usefully used in the same supercell or in the same row of series connected supercells.For example, it may be advantageous to produce series connected cells within the cell Supercells or within a row of supercells match or nearly match a current in the same illumination.In step 815 the supercells are assembled from the solar cells in a strip; with sale placed conductive adhesive tape between superimposed portions of adjacent solar cells in the supercells.Material 0 can be placed Conductive adhesive bond, for example, by inkjet or screen printing.In step 820 heat and pressure apply mature or mature conductive adhesive bond Lia between the solar LAY in supercells.In one of the contrast images;with Adding each additional solar cell to the supercell, the conductive adhesive bond between the newly added solar cell and its superimposed adjacent solar cell (actual gia of the supercell) or 5 Lia is cured before the next solar cell is added to the supercell. in another contrast; The placement of more than two solar cells or all solar cells in a supercell may be determined by the superimposed method applied prior to curing of the conductive adhesive binder or Lia curing Supercells resulting from this step can optionally be tested and stored according to their current-voltage performance. Supercells with identical or nearly identical current-voltage performance can be usefully used in the same supercell row or in the same solar module. For example; It may be advantageous for supercells or rows of supercells connected electrically in parallel to produce identical or nearly identical voltages under the same illumination. In step 825 the mature or partially mature supercells are arranged and interconnected as a plated unit in a stratified structure comprising the envelope material; clear front foil (sun side); 5 and a back (optionally transparent) chip. The stratigraphic structure may include; For example » on the first layer of

— 8 8 —

Coated on a substrate (or la) interconnected supercells arranged under bright side on a layer

First of the envelope” layer dt of the envelope on the layer of Al cells and a background foil on a second layer

from the envelope. Any other suitable device can also be used.

In the laminating step 830, heat and pressure are applied to the lamellar structure to form a mature lamellar structure.

In a variant of the method from Figure 17; The solar WAY is detached by size

conventional to the solar cell chipset; After that a shed conductive adhesive binder is laid

On each chip is an individual solar cell. in an alternate contrast; Jaan binder is placed

conductive electrodes on conventional sized solar cells prior to separating the solar cells into cell strips

0 solar. At curing step 820 the conductive adhesive binder can be fully cured; or only partially. In the latter case the primary conductive adhesive binder Lisa can be matured in step 0 on a GIS method for easy handling and interconnection of supercells;. and fully matured during the next 830 lamination step.

5 1 in an contrast images The supercell 1 00 assembled as an intermediate product in method 0 comprises an array of rectangular solar cells 10 arranged with the long sides of an adjacent solar WIS superimposed and connected conductively as described lila and interconnections Attached to the terminal contacts at opposite ends of the supercell. Figure 130 shows a representative supercell with electrical interconnections attached to the terminal contacts

0 for the front and back surfaces. Electrical interconnections run parallel to the terminal edges of the supercell and extend laterally beyond the supercell to facilitate electrical interconnection with an adjacent supercell. Figure 30b shows two supercells of Figure 130 interconnected in tandem. A shal of otherwise visible interconnections from the front of the unit can be shrouded or Lunghi (eg darkened) to reduce visual contrast between the interconnect and supercells; As a person perceives it

Who has normal color vision. In the example shown in Figure 130' the interconnection 850 is conductively connected to the front side terminal contact of first polarity (eg + or -) at one end of the supercell (on the front side drawing); The other 850 interconnect is conductively connected to the terminal contact of a back side of opposite polarity at the other end of the supercell (left side graphic). Similarly to other interfaces described previously; The 850 interconnects may be conductively bonded to the supercell using the same ale conductive adhesive tape used between solar cells; (Ja but this is not required. In the example shown, ha extends from each interconnect 850 beyond the edge of a supercell 100 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the supercell (and parallel to the long axes of solar cells 10). 0 as shown In Fig. 30b, this allows the positioning of two or more supercells side by side, with the 850 interconnections of one supercell overlapping and conductively connected to corresponding 850 interconnections on an adjacent supercell to connect two supercells interconnectively and electrically in parallel. Many of the 850 interconnections mentioned Li connected in series as previously described unit bus This device may fit eg (JA when an individual 5 super cell spans the entire width or the entire length of the unit Jo) eg (Jad) Figure 5b). additionally; The 850 interconnects can also be used to electrically connect the terminal contacts of two adjacent supercells within a row of supercells in series. Longer pairs or chains of said supercells interconnected within a row may be electrically connected in parallel and similarly interconnected with supercells in an adjacent row by overlapping and tying on a 0 conductor to interconnections 850 in one row to interconnections 850 in an adjacent row similarly As shown in Figure 30b. The 850 interconnect can be formed from a conductive wafer; (Jal) and can optionally be patterned to increase its mechanical compatibility both perpendicular to and parallel to the edge of the supercell to reduce or equalize the voltage perpendicular to and parallel to the edge of the supercell arising from the interconnection mismatch 5 of the supercell. Said profiling may include; for example (JB) on notches; notches; or perforations (other than

illustrated). The mechanical compatibility of the 850's interconnect and its bond or bond to the supercell shall be; Sufficient for connections to the supercell to withstand the voltage arising from a mismatch during the lamination process described in more detail below. The 850 interconnect may be connected to the supercell using; For example; Mechanically compatible electrically conductive bonding material as previously described for use in bonding stacked solar cells. optionally; The electrically conductive ligand may only exist at discrete locations along the edges of the supercell rather than in a continuous line extending significantly along the edge of the supercell. To reduce or equalize the voltage parallel to the edges of the supercell arising from the mismatch between the thermal expansion correlation coefficient of the electrically conductive ribbon material or the interconnections of the supercell.

0 interconnect 850 can be cut from thin copper foil; For example; It may be more gentle than conventional conductive interconnections when the UltraCell 100 solar cells that have areas smaller than a standard solar WAN are composed of silicon and therefore operate at lower currents than conventional solar panels. For example; The 850 interconnects may consist of a copper foil having thicknesses from about 50 microns to about 300 microns. Interconnections may be

5 850 is sufficiently thin and flexible to fold around and behind the edge of the supercell which connects BH similarly to the previously described interconnects. Figures 119-319 illustrate several representative setups by which heat and pressure are applied during Method 800 to cure or cure Ligation the conductive adhesive between adjacent solar WIA in supercells. Any other suitable device can also be used.

0 in Fig. 19) localized heat and pressure are applied to cure or partially cure the conductive adhesive tape 12 one joint (overlapping area) at a time. The supercell can be carried by the surface 1000 and pressure can be applied mechanically to the hinge of the lel using a bar; pin or mechanical contact oo AT eg Heat can be applied to the hinge using hot air (or other hot gas); using an infrared lamp; or by heating

a mechanical contact that applies local pressure to the hinge; For example.

in Fig. 19b; The device in Figure 119 is extended to an ally-batch process that simultaneously applies localized heat and pressure to several connections in the supercell. in Fig. 19c; An immature supercell is sandwiched between the release liner 1015 and the reusable thermoplastic foil 1020 and is positioned on the carrier plate 1010 carried by the surface 1000. The material allll is thermoplastically selected from the foil 1020 lead

at supercell ripening temperature. The release liner may consist of 1015 fiberglass; For example; It does not stick to the AB cell after the ripening process. preferably The 1015 release liner consists of materials that have a coefficient of thermal expansion identical or identical to that of solar cells (eg CTE (Jill of silicon). This is due to the different condition

0 for the editing lining is very different from that of the solar cells; dang that would increase the length of the solar cell and release liner by different amounts during the cz lial process) which would pull the supercell apart lengthwise at the junctions. The 1005 vacuum bag mounts this equipment. An immature supercell is heated from below through surface 1000 and bearing plate 1010; For example; A vacuum pressure is drawn between the bag 1005 and the bearing surface 1000. As a result, the bag 1005 sheds

5 Hydrostatic pressure on the supercell through the molten thermoplastic foil 1020. In Fig. 9 a] an immature supercell is carried by a perforated conveyor belt 1025 through furnace 5 which heats the supercell. The vacuum pressure applied through the perforations in the belt pulls the solar cells 10 toward the belt.” Then pressure is applied to the connections between them. The conductive adhesive binder in these joints matures as the supercell passes through the oven. on about

0 preferred; The perforated belt 1025 consists of materials that are identical or highly identical to that of solar cells (eg, silicon). This is because in Ala the 1025 belt is very different from that of the solar cells; This will increase the length of the solar cells and belt by different amounts in the furnace 1035; This will tend to pull the supercell away lengthwise at the junctions.

Method 800 of Fig. 17 includes the steps of cell ultra-ripening and thinning; It produces a cell product

super moderator. In contrast, in Method 900 shown in Figure 18, the ripening steps are combined

supercell and lamination. in step 910; Conventional size solar cells (on

for example; 156 mm jie Ae 156 Xie or 125 mm x 125 mm) and/or are slit to form narrow rectangular solar cell strips. Solar cell strips can be tested

Optionally generated and stored.

In step O15 the solar cell strips are arranged in the desired module configuration in a layered structure

Including sale envelope; clear front foil (sun side); and background chip. Cell segments

The solar panels are arranged like ABW cells with immature conductive adhesive bonding material placed between parts

0 superimposed of adjacent solar cells in supercells. (The conductive adhesive binder can be applied, for example, by inkjet or screen printing.) The interconnections are ordered to connect the immature super LAY Lin in the desired configuration. The stratigraphic structure may include; For example” on a Jol layer of Clad on a glass substrate. The interconnected supercells are arranged below the bright side in a first layer of the envelope; 2nd layer of CAN layer upon layer

5 supercells; and foil backing on a second layer of envelope. Any other suitable device can also be used. In the laminating step 920 heat and pressure are applied to the lamellar structure to ripen the conductive adhesive binder in WAY superlative and to form the matured lamellar structure. The conductive dia interconnect ale used for the super LANL interconnect strip can be matured in this step as well.

0 in one of the variants of method 900; Conventional size solar cells are separated into solar cell strips; The conductive adhesive binder is then applied to each of the individual solar cell strips. in an alternate contrast; The conductive adhesive binder is applied to conventional sized solar cells before separating the solar cells into solar cell strips. For example, an array of conventionally sized solar cells can be placed on a large mold; And it is dumped

sale 5 attach a conductive adhesive afterwards on the solar cells; The solar cells are then separated into

Solar cell slides using a bulk fixture. The resulting solar cell segments can then be transported in group form and arranged in the required module configuration as described in Saba. As indicated above, in some variations of Method 800 and Method 900, the conductive adhesive binder is applied to conventional sized solar cells before separating the solar cells into solar cell strips. The conductive adhesive binder is immature (ie; no

still 'wet') when separated to form the solar cell strips. In some of these different images; The conductive adhesive matrix is applied to the conventional sized solar cell (eg by inkjet or screen printing); The laser is then used to graph lines on the solar cell that mark the locations of the solar cell slit to form the cell slices

0 solar; Then the solar cell is incised along the graph lines. In these contrast images, the laser power and/or the distance between the graph lines and the adhesive bonding material can be selected to avoid unintentional curing or partial curing of the conductive adhesive bonding material with laser heat. in other contrasts; Lasers are used to scribe lines on a conventional sized solar cell that mark the locations of the solar cell slit to form the solar cell chips; The longer the binder is placed

5 The conductive adhesive on the solar cell (eg by inkjet or screen printing); And then the solar cell is incised by Joh lines. In a recent variation, it may be preferable to accomplish the step of applying the conductive adhesive without accidentally cracking or cracking the scratched solar cell ol this step. Referring again to Figures 120-220, Figure 120 schematically shows a side view

0 for an analog device 1050 that can be used to slit Ally replicated solar cells to which a conductive adhesive bonding material has been applied. (Copy sb conductive adhesive binder may be copied and placed). In this device, the scratched solar cell of conventional size 45 on which conductive adhesive tape is applied is carried by means of a perforated movable belt 1060 over an arched gia of the vacuum pressure manifold 1070. With the passage of the solar cell 45 over an arched ohn of a vacuum pressure manifold »; pulls up

5 The vacuum pressure applied through perforations in the lower surface belt of the solar cell is 45 Vs

A vacuum pressure manifold and then flexes the solar cell. The radius of curvature of the curved part of the vacuum pressure manifold can be selected so that bending the solar cell 45 in this way slit the solar cell along the graph lines. usefully The solar cell 45 may be slit by this method without touching the upper surface of the solar cell 45 on which the binder is placed.

conductive adhesive. Preferably, the incision should start at one end of the graph line (ie, at one edge of solar cell 45); This can be accomplished with the 1050 of Fig. 120 by for example arranging the graph lines to point at angle 0 to the manifold so that for each graph line one end, ha, arched of the manifold reaches ahead of the other end. According

0 for shown in Fig. 20b; For example; The solar WAY may be oriented with the lines drawn at an angle to the direction of the belt's course and the manifold oriented perpendicular to the direction of the belt's course. In the OAT example, Fig. 20c shows the oriented cells with lines drawn from them perpendicular to the direction of the belt; and the angled manifold. Any other suitable device may also be used to slit the replicated solar cells that have been placed

Conductive adhesive bonding material on it to form a solar cell splinter using the pre-applied conductive adhesive bonding material. said device may use; For example; Dolphins to apply pressure to the upper surface of the solar cell on which the conductive adhesive binder is applied. In the aforementioned cases, it is preferable that the dolphins rub the upper surface of the solar cell only in areas where no conductive adhesive bonding material is applied.

0 in some contrast images; The solar modules comprise supercells arranged in rows on a white or otherwise reflective backing sheet; So that part of the solar radiation that is not initially absorbed by the solar cells can be reflected by the backing foil back to the solar cells to produce electricity. The reflective backing film may be across the voids between the rows of supercells; This would result in a solar module appearing to have rows of lines

5 bright parallels (eg; white) running across its front surface. Referring to fig

5KB; For example; The parallel dark lines running between rows of supercells 0 may appear as white lines if supercells 100 arranged on the backing sheet are white. This may not be good from an aesthetic point of view for some uses of solar modules. Jal) on rooftops.

Referring to Figure 21; To improve the aesthetic appearance of the solar module; Some contrast images use a white backing sheet 1100 that includes dark strips 1105 located at positions corresponding to the spaces between the rows of supercells to be arranged on the backing sheet. The 1105 chips are GIS-wide so that the white portions of the backing chip are not visible through the spaces between rows of supercells in a clustered unit. This lowers the optical contrast between the supercells and the wafer

0 background; As well as a person who has a natural vision of colors. The resulting unit has a white backing foil but may have a front surface appearance similar in appearance to that of units shown in Figs. 15-25, for example. 1105 Dark Strips can be produced in lengths of dark strip; (JE) or any other suitable method. As previously mentioned, shading of individual cells within solar modules may result in the formation of “spots”.

Cdl 5 where the power of unshaded cells dissipates in a shaded cell. This dissipative ability creates local temperature surges that degrade the units. to reduce the potential severity of these hot spots; Bypass diodes are traditionally included as part of the unit. The maximum number of cells is set between two branching diodes to limit the maximum unit temperature and avoid irreversible damage to the unit. Can standard charts for cells

0 -_silicon utilizing a branching diode every 20 or 24 cells; The number specified by the typical breakdown voltage of silicon cells. in the specified models; The breakdown voltage may lie in the range of about 10-50 volts. in the specified models; The breakdown voltage may be about 10 volts, about 15 volts, about 20 volts, about 25 volts, about 30 volts, or about 35 volts.

“Lad Modeling” Roofing of cut solar cell strips using Ula (did) conductive adhesives improves thermal contact between solar cells. This improved thermal contact allows for a higher degree of thermal diffusion than conventional interconduction technologies. A constrained thermal heat spread design based on roofing allows the use of longer strings in solar cells than twenty-four (or fewer) solar cells per branch diode than constrained designs.

traditional. The simplification mentioned in the application may provide for redundant branching diodes due to thermal diffusion facilitated by roofing according to the models; One or AST of advantages. For example; Allows configuration of module diagrams for a variety of solar cell string lengths; It is not hampered by the need to provide a number of branching diodes.

0 According to lal, thermal diffusion is achieved by maintaining physical and thermal bond with a neighboring cell. This allows for adequate heat dissipation though the bonded joint. On select models this connection is maintained at a sniff of approximately 200 µm or less; The length of the solar cell runs in a segmented pattern. based on the model; The thickness of the joint may be about 200 micrometers or less; 150 µm or less” approx 125 µm or Jil approx 100

5 µm or less; about 90 µm or “il about 80 µm or less” about 70 µm or less” about 50 µm or less; or about 25 μm or less. Microadhesive maturation manipulation is critical to ensure that a reliable joint is maintained while the thickness is reduced so that thermal diffusion between the bonded cells can be enhanced. Allowing longer strings to run (eg; AST of 24 cells) provides design flexibility

0 solar cells and modules. For example; Certain models are able to take advantage of strings of cut solar cells that are stacked in a capped fashion. These bodies can utilize significantly more cells per unit than a conventional unit. non-existent thermal diffusion property; A branching diode is still plated every 24 cells. When cutting solar cells by 1/6; Bypass diodes per unit are 6 times that of a conventional unit

— 7 9 — (includes 3 uncut WIA); That adds to a total of 18 diodes. Thus thermal diffusion provides a significant reduction in the number of branching diodes. In addition to the above, each Su valve has to branch » z ia to a shunt circuit assembly to complete an electrical path conversion. Each SU valve requires two interconnection points and a connector routing to connect them to the mentioned dl connection points. This creates a complex circuit; Contribute to the significant overhead costs associated with assembling a solar module. In contrast, thermal diffusion technology requires only one or no bypass diodes per unit. The aforementioned organization facilitates the process of assembling the unit; that allow simple automation tools to perform the blueprint manufacturing steps. 0 avoiding the need for shunt protection every 24 cells makes the unit cell thus easy to manufacture. Mid-unit tappings and long parallel connections of a switching circuit group are avoided. This thermal diffusion is carried out by the formation of long roofed cell strips that run in width and/or length of bas oll. additionally to provide convectional diffusion of heat; Modular roofing also allows for improved hotspot performance 5 by reducing the amount of current dissipated in the solar cell. specifically; During hot spot conditions, the amount of current dissipated in a solar cell depends on the area of the cell. Because roofing may cut the cells into smaller areas, the amount of current passing through a single cell under hot spot conditions is a function of the dimensions of the cut. during hot spot conditions; The current passes through Ji a resistance path that is usually the interface to a cell-level or bead-level defect. Reducing this current to 0 represents a benefit and reduces the reliability risk failure under hot spot conditions. Figure 122 shows a horizontal view of a conventional 2200 unit utilizing conventional tape connections 2201) under hot spot conditions. ling Shading 2202 in a single cell 4 results in the localization of heat to the single cell.

— 8 9 — in contrast; Figure 22b shows a horizontal view of a unit utilizing thermal diffusion; Also under hot spot conditions. Here, shading 2250 in cell 2252 generates heat inside that cell. This heat spreads; however; To the other electrically and thermally connected cells 2254 within unit 2256.

In addition, it is noted that the benefit of the decrease in the dissipated current is multiplied for many crystalline solar cells. Many crystalline cells are known to perform poorly under hot spot conditions due to the high level of defective interfaces. As described previously; Select models may employ bevel cut WAN roofing. In the cases mentioned » the feature of thermal diffusion exists to reflect; along the line connecting each cell with a cell

0 adjacent. This maximizes the bonding length of each overlapping joint. Since the junction is a major interface for cell-to-cell heat spread; Increasing this maximum length would ensure optimal heat diffusion. Figure 123 shows an example of a 2300 super cell series schematic with WIA 2302 crossed out. In this configuration; The rinsed cells are oriented in the same direction; Thus all connecting track of 5 linked connections are the same (125mm). Shading 2306 in one cell results in a 2304 reverse bias for that cell. The heat spreads to the neighboring cell. The 12304 unconnected ends of a beveled cell become the hottest due to the longer conduction length to an adjacent cell. Figure 23b shows another example of a 2350 supercell series diagram with 2352 0 beveled cells. In this configuration; Beveled cells are directed in different directions; With some of the long edges of the beveled cells facing each other. This results in tidy jumper tracks of two lengths: 125mm and 156mm.

— 9 9 —

where cell 2354 is exposed to shading 2356 (the layout of Fig. 23b shows thermal diffusion

Enhanced with a longer hook length. Figure 23b thus shows thermal diffusion in a supercell

With beveled cells facing each other.

The focus of the foregoing discussion has been to assemble an array of solar cells (which may be cut-off solar cells) in a bisected manner on a common substrate. This results in the formation of a unit that includes

ALS Interconnect - One Junction Box (or Box (i

In order to collect a sufficient amount of useful solar energy; However; Typical combination includes

A number of the mentioned units that are by themselves combined together. according to models; may be a group of

The solar cell modules are also stacked in a roofing manner to increase the efficiency of the array area.

0 selected models; The module can represent the upper conductive strap facing the solar direction; And the lower conductive tape facing away from the direction of the solar energy. The bottom strap is buried below the cells. Therefore, the incoming squall does not obstruct and adversely affect the unit area efficiency. In contrast; The upper band is exposed aay obstruction of incoming light and adversely affects efficiency.

5 1 According to the z models, their units (kK) may be stacked so that the upper dao pall is covered by an adjacent unit 0. Figure 24 shows a simplified cross-section view of said fixture 2400 where the terminal part 2401 of an adjacent unit 2402 Overlapped with top strapping 2404 of current module 6 Each self-contained module includes an array of roofed solar cells 7 Underground dao pall 2408 Bas ol current 2406 0 Located on high side of roofed module

0 in order to overlap with the adjacent roofed unit. This configuration provides the Load ceiling unit with additional space on the unit for other factors; without adversely affecting the exposed area of the unit matrix. Examples of unit elements that may be created include:

Determine their position in areas overlapping without limitation on the junction box (boxes (i 0 1 24) and/or carrier tapes. Figure 25 shows another example of the 2500 roofed unit configuration. bag The boxes j 2502 4 are for adjacent roofed units corresponding to 2506 and 2508 in the 2510 mating fixture so that an electrical connection can be achieved between them. This simplifies the modular ceiling array configuration by eliminating wires. On certain models, junction boxes can be reinforced and/or combined with additional structural spacers. This configuration can create a complete rack solution Jile for the base of a unit roof assembly where a dimension is specified for the Se junction box This implementation can be useful especially when mounting an array of overlapping 0 units on a flat roof Since the units include a glass substrate and a glass cover (glass-glass units); Use of units without Ala frame members by shortening the total length of the unit (lls) so that it can withstand expected physical loads ia (snow load limit of 085400); without stress cracking5. The superall comprises an array of individual solar LAYs grouped in a staggered fashion ; Quickly accommodates unit length changes to accommodate a specific length dictated by physical load and other requirements. Figure 26 shows a diagram of the back surface (awnings) of a solar module showing an 0 representative electrical interconnection of the front surface (sun side) terminal electrical contacts of a roofed super cell with a junction box on the back side of the module. The front surface terminal contacts of a roofed super cell may It is located next to the edge of the module Figure 26 shows the use of a flexible interconnect 400 for the electrical connection of a front surface terminal contact of a supercell 100. In the example shown, the interconnect 400 includes a 19400 lays part

parallel to and adjacent to the tip of the supercell 100 and the fingers 9400b extend perpendicular to the strip portion to contact the metallization pattern of the front surface (not shown) of the final solar cell in the supercell; which they bind to is a relativistic JS. and 9410 conductively connected to an interconnect 9400 passing behind a supercell 100 to electrically connect the Li 9400 to electrical components (ie 5 bypass diodes and/or unit terminals in a junction box) on the rear surface of the unit

solar system of which the supercell is a part. An insulating layer 9420 may be placed between conductor 9410 and the flange and back surface of the supercell 100 to electrically isolate the striped conductor 9410 from the supercell 100. An interconductor 400 can optionally wrap around the edge of the supercell so that the striped portion is located

0 9400a behind or Wis behind the supercell. In these cases an electrical insulating layer is typically provided between the interconductor 400 and the flange and back surfaces of the supercell 100. The interconductor 400 can be cut from a molded contact wafer for example and can optionally be molded to increase its mechanical compatibility perpendicular to and also parallel to the edge of the supercell in order to reduce or The orthogonal and parallel stress of the supercell edge resulting from the mismatch between the CTE of the interconductor

And that of the supercell. This profiling can include cracks; or fissures; or perforations (not shown). The mechanical compatibility of the 400 interconnector and its connection to the supercell should be; Sufficient for supercell coupling in order to withstand the stress generated at the CTE mismatch during the laminating process further described Madi below. The interconnector 400 can be connected to the supercell through; Sle is an electrically conductive binder

0 and are mechanically compatible as described above for use in solar interlocking WAY tie-downs. Optionally the electrically conductive binder can only be placed at discrete positions along the edge of the supercell Mie (corresponding to the positions of the discrete contact pads on the end of the solar cell) Yau than placed in a continuous line extending substantially along the edge of the cell dll In order to reduce or contain the pressure parallel to the edge of the solar cell arising from the mismatch between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the conductive binder

5 Electrolytic or interconductor and solar cell coefficient.

Interconductor 400 can be cut from a thin copper foil; For example » (Sang to be

Thinner than conventional interconductors when forming WIA Solar Ultra 100 cells

They have smaller areas than standard silicon solar cells and thus operate at higher currents

lower than traditional. For example, the Interconductors 400 can be machined from a copper foil having BES ranging from about 50 microns to about 300 microns.

An interconductor can be 400 las enough to accommodate a stress perpendicular and parallel to the edge of the cell

solar energy caused by a mismatch between the interconductor and that of the supercell even without

Profiling it as described above. The apd 9410 conductor can be forged from copper, for example.

Figure 27 shows the Gly Vans of the back surface (shaded) of a solar module showing a representative Usa connection

0 The two or more roofed supercells (sills) where the front surface (sun side) electrical terminal contacts are interconnected and connected to a junction box on the back side of the unit. The front surface terminal contacts of the supercells can be located adjacent to an edge of the module. Figure 27 Demonstrates the use of two flexible interconnectors 400; as described by «gill» to create

5 Electrical connection to the front surface terminal contacts of two adjacent Super WAY 100. A 9430 bus traveling in parallel and adjacent to the ends of the Super 100 cells is conductively bonded to two flexible interconductors to electrically connect the Super WAY in parallel. This system can be extended to interconnect additional supercells in parallel, as desired. The 9430 bus can be formed from, for example, a copper strip.

0 in the same way as described above for Fig. 26; Interconductors 400 and Bus 0 can optionally wrap around the edge of the supercells so that bar segments 19400 and Bus 9430 lie behind or Whoa behind the supercell. In these cases an electrical insulating layer is typically provided between the interconductors 400 and the edge and back surfaces of the supercells 100 and between the conductor 9430 and the edge and back surfaces of the supercells 100.

Figure 28 shows a diagram of the back surface (shaded) of a solar module showing the HAT Vie on electrical interconnection of two or more roofed supercells in parallel; The electrical terminal contacts of the front surface (sun side) of the supercells are connected to each other and to a junction box on the back side of the module. The terminal contacts of the anterior surface of the capped supercells can be located adjacent to the edge of the unit. Figure 28 shows another example of using two Be lin 9440 conductors to electrically connect to a front surface end contact of a 100 super cell. In this example; The flexible interconnector 9440 comprises a strip shear 19440 running parallel to and past the end of the solar cell 100) fingers 9440b extending perpendicular to the strip gall to contact the metallization pattern (not shown) of the front surface of the final 0 solar cell in the supercell; to which they are conductively attached; and fingers 9440 which extend perpendicular to the tape gall and behind the supercell.Fingers 9440c are conductively attached to transporter 9450.Carrier 9450 runs parallel to and adjacent to the end of supercell 100 along the posterior surface of supercell 100; it may extend to overlap adjacent supercells that may electrically connect them similarly, thus connecting the supercells 5 in parallel The 9410 junctionally connected to the bus 9450 interconnects the supercells electrically to electrical components (such as shunt diodes and/or unit terminals in a junction box) on the rear surface of the unit Electrically insulating layers 9420 may be provided between the fingers 9440c, the flange and the back surfaces of the solar cell 100) between the conductor 9450 and the back surface of the supercell 100” and between the bonded conductor 9410 and the 100.0 supercell back surface The 9440 interconnector can be cut from a die-cut tie-wafer and optionally molded to increase its mechanical compatibility both orthogonal and parallel to the supercell edge in order to reduce or withstand stress perpendicular to and parallel to the supercell edge caused by misalignment between for the interconnector and that of the supercell. This patterning Tae can include notches; or fissures; or perforations (not shown). The mechanical compatibility of the interconnector should be 9440; its association with the supercell; Sufficient 5 to connect to the supercell in order to withstand the stress created when misaligned during the lamination process

Described in more detail below. The 9440 interconnector can be connected to the supercell through; Sli is an electrically conductive and mechanically compatible binder as described above for use in interlocking solar cells. Optionally the electrically conductive binder can be placed only at discrete positions along the edge of the supercell Mie (corresponding to the positions of the discrete contact pads on the final solar cell) rather than in a continuous line extending substantially along the edge of the cell

superlative. In order to reduce or accommodate the pressure parallel to the edge of the solar cell arising from the mismatch between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the electrically conductive binder or the interconductor and the modulus of the solar cell. Interconductor 9440 can be cut from a thin copper foil; For example; And it can be

0 thinner than conventional interconductors when configuring WIA Ultra 100 solar cells have smaller areas than standard silicon solar cells and thus operate at lower currents than conventional ones. For example, the 9440 interconductors can be formed from a copper foil having a density of about 50 microns to about 300 microns. 9440 interconnector can be thin enough to accommodate a stress perpendicular and parallel to the edge of the cell

5 solar radiation resulting from a mismatch between the interconductor and that of the supercell even without patterning as described above. Bus 9450 can be machined from copper tape Sie Fingers 9440c can be attached to bus 9450 after attaching fingers 9440b to the front surface of the supercell 100. In these cases the fingers 9440 can be flexed away from the back surface of the supercell 100 (eg perpendicular to the cell 100) when bound to the carrier

0 9450. The fingers 9440c can then be flexed to run along the posterior surface of the supercell 100 as shown in Fig. 28. Figure 29 presents segmented cross-sectional and perspective drawings of two supercells illustrating the use of a flexible interconductor split between the interlocking ends of adjacent supercells in order to connect super cells

electrically in series and to provide an electrical connection to the junction box. Figure 129 shows an enlarged projection of the area of interest in Figure 29. Figure 29 and Figure 129 illustrate the use of a representative flexible interconductor 2960 partially sandwiched between the interlocking ends of the two supercells 100 and electrically interconnecting them in order to provide electrical connection to the front surface end contacts of one of the supercells and to the end surface contacts the background

to the other supercell; Hence the interconnection of supercells in series. In the example shown; The 2960 Gide interconnector is visible from the front of the solar module by the top side of the two interlocking solar cells. in another contrast; The adjacent ends of the two supercells do not interlock and the gia can be the interconnector 2960 connected to the front surface end contact

0 -_ of one of the two supercells visible from the front surface of the solar module. optional; In the contrasting images mentioned; The part of the interconductor which is BA therefore (he Wipe) in front of the unit can be covered or tinted (darkened (Sie) to reduce the visible contrast between the interconductor and cells lll as observed by a human with normal color vision. An interconductor can extend 2960 parallel to the lateral edges of the two supercells behind the lateral edges of the supercells to electrically connect the pair of supercells

5 in parallel with a pair of supercells similarly arranged in an adjacent row. Ribbon connector 2970 is conductively connected to interconnector 2960 as shown. LuxS connects the adjacent ends of two supercells to electrical components (such as shunt diodes and/or module terminals in a junction box) on the rear surface of the solar module. In another contrasting image (not shown) (Sa) conductor (ad) 2970 is electrically connected to the bottom surface contact of one of the

0 synaptic supercells away from their synaptic ends; Instead of being attached to a form-fitting I0. This configuration may also provide a hidden junction point for one or more junction diodes or other components on the back surface of the solar module. The 2960 PIN can be cut from a Hie molded connector wafer and optionally molded to increase mechanical compliance both perpendicular to and parallel to the edge of the supercell in order to reduce or

5 The orthogonal and parallel stress of the supercell edge resulting from the mismatch between the interconductor and that

of the supercell. This profiling can, for example, include notches; or fissures; or perforations (not shown). The mechanical compatibility of the interconnector shall be 400” and its connection to the supercell; GEIS to connect to the supercell in order to withstand the stress generated at mismatches during the laminating process described in more detail below. The flexible interconductor can be bonded to the supercells through Sie electrically conductive binder

and mechanically compatible as described above for use in interlocking solar cells. Optionally the electrically conductive binder can only be placed at discrete positions along the edge of the supercell Mie (corresponding to the positions of the discrete contact pads on the end of the solar cell) Yau than placed in a continuous line extending substantially along the edge of the cell dll In order to reduce or contain the parallel pressure

The edge of the solar cell arising from the mismatch between the thermal expansion alae of the electrically conductive matrix or interconductor and the modulus of the solar cell. Interconductor 2960 can be cut from a thin copper foil, Sie. Embodiments can have one or more of the features described in the following USPt documents: USPt No.: 0124013/2014; and the American Patent Bulletin (ad).

5 2014/0124014; which are fully listed as references for all purposes. This description discloses high-efficiency solar modules comprising silicon solar modules arranged in a capped fashion and electrically connected in series to form Al cells where supercells are connected in physically parallel rows in a solar module. Supercells can have lengths necessarily extending along the length full or full width of the solar module; for example; or can

0 Arranges two or more supercells end-to-end in a row. This arrangement conceals the solar cell-to-solar cell interconnections; Sarg can also be used to create a visually appealing solar module with little or no contrast between adjacent solar LIANs connected in series.

A supercell can include any number of solar cells; In some embodiments it includes at least 19 solar cells and in certain embodiments it includes more than or equal to 100 silicon solar cells. Electrical contacts at intermediate locations along a supercell may wish to electrically divide the supercell into two or more sections connected in series while maintaining a cell

Physically super persistent. This description reveals assemblies in which these electrical connections are made to the rear surface contact pads of one or more silicon solar cells in the supercell to provide electrical junction points that are hidden from view from the front of the solar module; lly is denoted as Ll is a hidden fork". The hidden branching point is the electrical connection between the posterior part of the cell

0 solar and conductive interconnector. This description Wal discloses the use of flexible interconductors for the interfacial electrical connection of anterior end surface contacts of an ARN cell and supercell rear end contacts; or socket contact gaskets that are not visible on other solar cells or other electrical components in the solar module.

5 in addition; This description discloses the use of an electrically conductive adhesive to directly bond adjacent solar cells to each other in a supercell in order to provide electrically conductive, mechanically compatible bonds that accommodate a mismatch in thermal expansion between a superWAY and a solar module front glass sheet; In combination with the use of an electrically conductive adhesive to bond flexible interfacing to supercells through mechanically rough bonds that force the flexible interfacing to accommodate mismatches

0 in thermal expansion between flexible interconductors and supercells. This would avoid damage to the solar module that may occur BA therefore as a result of thermal cycle of the solar module. This will be described in detail below; Concealed socket contact gasket electrical connections can be used to electrically connect parts of a solar cell in parallel to corresponding parts of one or more supercells in adjacent rows; and/or supply electrical connections to the solar module circuit

For multiple applications including but not limited to power improvement (Jia) micro DC and AC transformer diode switching valves; transformers) and applications for reliability. Use hidden sockets as described above; In addition to hidden cell-to-cell connections; It can further improve the aesthetic appearance of the solar module by providing a largely black overall appearance to the solar module; Load can increase the efficiency of the solar module

By allowing a large portion of the surface area of the module to be filled with the active regions of the solar cells. Returning now to the figures for a better understanding of the solar modules described in this description; Where Fig. 1 presents a cross-sectional projection of a series of solar cells connected in series

0 10 Cua arranged The ends of adjacent solar cells are overlapped and electrically connected to form a supercell 100. Each solar cell 10 has a semiconductor diode structure and electrical contacts to the semiconductor diode structure through which electric current is generated in the solar cell 10 at Illuminated by light can be supplied to an external load. In the examples described in this description; Each solar cell is 10 solar cells

5 Rectangular crystalline silicon comprising a front surface (sun side) and back surface metallization patterns (shade side) that provide electrical contact with opposite sides of the PN joint The front surface metallization pattern is placed on a semiconductor layer for iN conductivity and the surface metallization pattern is applied back on a semiconducting layer for 0-type conductivity However, material systems, diode structures, physical dimensions or other electrical contact configurations may be used if appropriate.

The front surface metallization pattern (sun side) may be applied to a semiconducting layer for a Type 7 conductivity and the back surface metallization pattern (ils (shade)) may be applied to a semiconducting layer for a Type M conductivity. Referring again to Figure 1; In supercell 100 10 adjacent solar cells are conductively connected directly to each other in the region where they overlap by means of a conductive binder

Electrically connecting the metallization pattern of the front surface of one solar cell with the metallization pattern of the rear surface of an adjacent solar cell. Suitable electrically conductive binders Mie can include electrically conductive adhesives, adhesive overlays, conductive adhesive tapes Goes and conventional soldering alloys. FIG. 31 and FIG. 131 illustrate the use of an analog flexible interconnector 3160 dotted Wha between the interlocking ends of the two supercells 100 and electrically interconnect them in order to provide electrical connection to the anterior end surface contacts of one supercell and to the posterior end surface contacts of the other supercell; Hence the interconnection of supercells in series. In the example shown; Interconnector 3160 is hidden from view from the front of the solar module by the top side of the two interlocking solar cells. in another contrast; The adjacent ends of the two supercells do not mesh and the portion of interconductor 3160 attached to the front surface end contact of one of the two supercells can be visible from the front surface of the solar module. optionally in the variants mentioned; ha the interconductor which is BA so Wipe from the front of the unit can be covered or tinted (eg darkened) to reduce visual contrast between the interconductor and the supercells;. As observed by a person with normal color vision. Interconductor 5 3160 can extend parallel to the side edges of the two supercells behind the side edges of the supercells to electrically connect a pair of supercells in parallel to a pair of supercells arranged similarly in an adjacent row. Jad Connector 3170 is conductively connected to flexible interconnect 3160 as shown to electrically connect the adjacent ends of the two supercells to electrical components (such as 0 bypass fuses and/or module terminals in a junction box) on the rear surface of the solar module. In a contrast image (not shown) a ribbon conductor 3170 can be electrically attached to the lower surface contact of one of the interlocking supercells away from its interlocking ends; Instead of being attached to a 3160 interconnect form. This Lad configuration may provide a hidden branching point for one or more junction diodes or other components on the back surface of the Solar Module 5.

Figure 2 shows a representative rectangular solar module 200 comprising six rectangular supercells

0+ each cell has a length approximately equal to the length of the long sides of the solar module. is arranged

Super cells are six parallel rows with their long sides extending parallel to the long sides

for loneliness. A solar module of a similar design may include two rows of supercells with a

The listed side length or rows are less than shown in this example.

in another variant; The length of each cell can be approximately equal to the length of a short side of a unit

oblong umbrella They can be arranged in parallel rows with their long sides facing parallel

For the short sides of the unit. In other bodies also each row can contain two or more

of electrically interconnected supercells in series. Modules can have short 0 sides of about 1 meter and long sides of eg from 1.5 to about

0 metres. Load can use any shapes (Hie) and any other dimensions suitable for modules

solar.

Each supercell in this example comprises 72 rectangular solar cells that have a width of approximately 1/6

Of wafer width 156 mm square or pseudo square. Any suitable AT number of 5 rectangular solar cells of any other suitable dimensions may also be used.

Solar cells have smaller aspect ratios and long, narrow regions than a solar cell

Standard 156mm x 156mm; As explained; (Sa) It is used in a distinctive way to reduce loss

The resistive capacity is 12R in the LAY solar modules disclosed in this description. on dag

(a gual) The reduced area of 10 solar cells compared to standard size 0 silicon solar cells reduces the current produced in the solar cell; which directly reduces the resistive power loss in the cell

solar panels and in a series of these solar cells connected in series.

(Sa) Make a discreet socket to the back surface of a solar cell; for example by means of

The use of an electrical interconductor conductively bonded to one or more non-contact outlet pads.

Visible positioned only in the edge portion of the rear surface metallization pattern of the solar cell. alternatively »

A concealed socket can be made using an interconductor that runs substantially the entire length of the solar cell (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the solar cell) and is connected connectively to a set of concealed socket contact pads distributed along the length of the solar cell in a back-surface metallization pattern. Figure 131 shows a representative 3300 metallization pattern for the rear surface of a solar cell suitable for use with non-sala flanged sockets. The metallization pattern comprises a continuous electrical contact of 3310 aluminum; a set of 3315 silver contact gaskets arranged parallel to and adjacent to the edge of a long side of the back surface of the solar cell; and silver contact pads of a discreet socket 3320, each arranged parallel to an edge adjacent to one of the short sides of the back surface of the solar cell. When arranging the solar cell into a super cell; The 3315 contact pads overlap and directly bond 0 to the front surface of an adjacent rectangular solar cell. An interconductor may be conductively bonded to the contact pads of one of the two concealed sockets or the other 3320 in order to supply the supercell with a concealed socket. (The mentioned two interfaces can be employed to provide two hidden sockets, if desired). in the order shown in Figure 31a; Current flow from the concealed outlet is through metallization 5 of the rear surface of the cell generally parallel to the long sides of the solar cell to the point where the interconductors meet (contact 3320). In order to facilitate current flow along this laa) it is preferable that the resistance of the back surface metal foil be less than or equal to about 5 ohms; or less than or equal to about 2.5 ohms. Figure 31b presents another representative metallization pattern of a back surface of a 3301 solar cell suitable for use 0 with discreet sockets employing an interconductor similar to a conductor along the length of the back surface of a solar cell. Metallization style includes 3310 aluminum continuous electrical contacts; A set of 3315 silver contact gaskets arranged parallel to and adjacent to the edge of a long side of the back surface of the solar cell; and a set of discreet socket 3325 silver contact pads arranged in a row parallel to the long sides of the solar cell and centered approximately on the back surface of the solar cell.

An interconductor that runs substantially over the full length of the solar cell may be connected conductively to Concealed Receptacle Contact Gaskets 3325 to provide the solar cell with a Concealed Receptacle. The current flow to the concealed outlet is mainly through the JALIL-like interconnector which makes the conductivity of the back surface metallization pattern less important for the concealed outlet.

The location and number of the blind socket contacts to which the blind socket interconductor is attached on the back surface of a solar cell influence the length of the current path through metallization of the back surface of the solar cell; and on the contact pads of the blind socket and the interconnector. Accordingly, the configuration of the concealed outlet contact pads may be chosen to reduce the resistance to collect current in the path al to and through the concealed outlet interconductor. In addition to the bodies shown in the figures

0 31-31 (and Figure 31c discussed below); Suitable configurations for Concealed Die socket contact pads may include 2D matrix. Description Runs perpendicular to the long axis of the solar cell. In the latter case a row of concealed socket contact pads can be placed next to a short edge of, for example, the first solar cell. Figure 31c displays another representative metallization pattern for the back surface of a fit 3303 solar cell

5 For use Wf with flanged shielded sockets or shielded sockets employing a bus-like Gin conductor along the back surface of a solar cell. The metallization pattern includes a continuous copper contact pad 3315 arranged parallel to and adjacent to the edge of a long side of the back surface of the solar cell; set of brass fingers 3317 connected and extended perpendicularly from contact pad 3315; A gasket contacts a discreet socket of a continuous copper conductor 3325 running in parallel

0 to the long sides of the solar cell and is centered approximately on the back surface of the solar cell. A flange-connected interconductor can be attached to a terminal portion of the 3325 copper conductor to supply the solar cell to a discreet outlet. (The aforementioned two interconnectors can be employed on any end of the copper conductor 5 to provide two hidden outlets if desired). com An interconductor running pretty much the full length of the solar cell can be conductively attached to the copper conductor

Continuous copper 3325 to supply the supercell with a discreet outlet.

The interconnector employed to form the concealed socket can be bonded to the concealed socket contact pad in the back surface metallization pattern by tin soldering; welding; conductive adhesive; or in any other appropriate way. For metallization patterns using silver fillers as shown in Figures 131-31b; The interconnector may for example be formed from tinned copper. Another method is to make the socket discreet directly to the back surface contact of aluminum ae 3310aluminum conductive aluminum forming an aluminum-to-aluminum bond; which can be shaped, for example, by electrical or laser welding; or soldering; or conductive tape. in some embodiments; Contacts may contain tin. In the cases just described; The metallization of the 0 back surface of the solar cell will lack the silver contact gaskets 3320 (Fig. 131) A 3325 (Fig. 1B); but an edge-joined interconductor or a conductor-like aluminum interconductor can be bonded to an aluminum (or tin) contact (HN 3310 at Corresponding positions for these contacts Differential thermal expansion between the concealed outlet interconductors (or interconductors to the front or back surface supercell end contacts) and silicon solar cells; stress 5 induced on the solar cell and interconductor; can lead to cracking and other types of faults Which can degrade the performance of the solar module.Consequently, it is desirable that the concealed outlet and other interconnectors be configured to accommodate this differential expansion without the development of significant stress.The interconnectors can provide stress relief and hall expansion for example by being formed from materials High ductility (e.g. soft copper; ultra-thin copper foil); or forged from materials with a low coefficient of thermal expansion (Jie iron-nickel alloy with low thermal expansion, INVarKovar, etc.) or from a valley with a coefficient of thermal expansion nearly identical to that of silicon; that incorporate geometric dilatational features into the plane such as incisions; or fissures; or holes; or truss structures that accommodate the differential thermal expansion between the interconductor and the silicon solar cell; and/or uses extra-level geometry features such as warps; or bumps; or 5 clicks that accommodate said differential thermal expansion.

Parts of the interconductor attached to discreet socket contact pads (or attached to front or rear surface end contact pads of the supercell as described below) may have a density of, say, less than about 100 microns; less than about 50 microns; or less than about 0 microns; or less than about 25 microns to increase the flexibility of the interconnectors.

Referring again to Figures IT 7b-1; f7b-2,; These figures show several representative interfaces; Labeled with reference numbers A400 -400L ; Sags that employ strain-reducing geometries are suitable for use as interconnectors for concealed sockets or for electrical connections to front or back surface end contacts of a supercell. These interconductors typically have a length approximately equal to the length of the long sides of a rectangular solar cell that is attached to a panel, but can

0 to have any other suitable length. The representative 400 T 400-A interconnectors shown in FIG. 17 employ various in-plane stress-reducing features. Representative interconnector 400 No shown in the in-plane (YX) projection of Figure 7B-1 and the out-of-plane (ZX) projection of Figure 7B-2 uses slimy 3705 as the out-of-plane stress-reducing features in a tape Slim metallic.

5 Flex 3705 reduces the apparent tensile stiffness of the steel band. Bending allows the strip material to flex locally (voy of elongation) only when the strap is under tension. For thin strips; This can greatly reduce the apparent tensile toughness by eg 790 or more. The actual amount of reduction in apparent tensile stiffness depends on several factors including the number of bends;

0 the geometry of the bends; and tape density. An interconnector can also utilize a combination of in-plane and out-of-plane stress relief features. Figures 137-1 to 38b-2; It will also be discussed in detail below; Displays several representative interconnects that employ stress-reducing geometries both outside and in-plane and can be suitable for use as discreet All-Flanged Interconnectors.

To reduce or minimize the number of conductor runs required to connect each concealed outlet; An interconnector bus may be used for a concealed outlet. This method connects adjacent supercell concealed socket contacts to each other through the use of a concealed socket interconductor. (The electrical connection is typically positive-to-positive or negative-to-negative; same polarity at each end.) For example; Figure 32 presents a first interconductor of a concealed outlet 3400 running substantially over the full width of a solar cell 10 in a first supercell 100 base conductively with a concealed socket 3325 contact pads arranged as shown in Figure 31b; A second interconductor of a CS 3400 runs the full width of a corresponding solar cell in a supercell 100 in 0 adjacent row and is connected similarly to CS 3325's contact pads arranged as shown in Fig. 31b. The two 3400 interfaces are arranged in parallel and optionally adjacent or overlapping each other; They can be wired together or electrically connected to form a transport that connects the two adjacent supercells, Gis. This system can be extended by additional rows (eg all rows) of supercells as desired in order to form 5 parallel sectors of a solar module comprising sectors of several adjacent supercells. Figure 33 presents a perspective projection of a portion of a supercell from Figure 32. Figure 35 shows an example where the LAL supercell is interconnected in adjacent rows by means of a short interconnector 3400 which spans the gap between the supercells and which is conductively connected to a discreet socket contact pad 3320 on One supercell and another 0 3320 concealed socket contact pad on the supercell (AY) where the contact pads are arranged as shown in Fig. 32a. Figure 36 presents a similar configuration in which a short interconductor extends over the gap between supercells in adjacent rows and is conductively attached to an oho end of a central copper conductor of the back surface metallization pattern on one supercell and to an adjacent end of a central copper conductor portion of the rear surface metallization pattern of the other supercell ; The metallization of the copper back surface is configured as 5 shown in Fig. 31c. In both examples interconnection systems can be extended by additional rows

(eg all rows) of supercells as desired in order to form a parallel sector of a solar module

It includes segments of many adjacent supercells.

Figures 137-1 to 37-3 show projections in plane (YX) and out of plane (2-")

For representative 3400 short, concealed outlet interconnectors that have stress-reducing features in Level 3405. (Level YX is the back surface metallization pattern level of the solar cell). in

Examples in Figures 137-1 through 237-2 Each Interconnector 3400 has loops

0 and 3400b placed on opposite sides of one or more stress-reducing features

in the level. Representative stress-reducing features in the level include bodies of one, two, or more

of hollow diamond shapes; curvy bodies; and bodies for one, two or more slits.

0 The phrase 'stress-reducing feature in plane' as used herein can also refer to the density or tensile strength of the interconductor or iad of the interconductor; for example, the 3400 interconductor shown in Figures 37,-1 to 37,-3 is composed of A straight flat length of a thin copper strip or copper foil having a density T in level # of not less than or equal to about 100 microns; less than or equal to about 50 microns" less than or equal to about 30 microns" or less than or equal to about

5 25 microns to increase the flexibility of the interconnector. The density T could be, say, about 50 microns. The length L of the interconnector Sie can be about 8 centimeters (cm) and the width except for the interconnector Sie can be about 0.5cm. Figures 37,-3 and 37-1 respectively show projections of the front and back surface of the interconductor in the plane oy = X. The front surface of the interconductor faces the back surface of the solar module. Whereas, the interconnector can span the gap

between the two parallel rows of supercells in a solar Bang; Part of the interconductor can be Ga wipe through that gap from the front side of the solar module. Optionally that part of the interconnector can be blackened by eg coating it with a black polymer layer to reduce its visibility. In the example shown; The C3400's central portion of the front surface of the L2 interconnect of approximately 0.5 cm is coated with a thin black polymer layer. Typically, 2 is greater than or equal to

5 Show the gap between the rows of the supercell. The density of the black polymer layer can be

Like about 20 microns. Said copper thin strip interconnector can optionally also employ in-plane or out-of-plane stress-reducing features as described above; For example Jal ¢ the interconnector may include stress-reducing flexures out of plane as described above for Figs. 7b-1 5 2-7

Figures 138-1 through 38b-2 show in-plane (X-Y) and out-of-plane (2-") projections of short, representative interconnectors of a discreet outlet 3400 incorporating stress-reducing features out of plane 3407. In the examples each interconnector 3400 has lugs 13400 and 3400B are placed on opposite sides of one or more out-of-plane stress-reducing features. Representative extra-plane stress-relieving features include bodies for one or more flexions;

0 kinks; bumps; or grooves. The types and forms of stress-reducing traits described in Figures 137-1 to 37e-2 4 138-1 to 38b-2 can be employed; The interconductor binding density values described above for Figs. 1-437 to 37-3 also in long concealed outlet interconnectors as described above and in interconnectors attached to the rear or front surface end contacts of the supercell as appropriate 5 . An interconnector may have a combination of both in-plane and out-of-plane stress-reducing features. The in-plane and out-of-plane strain mitigating features are designed to reduce or minimize the effects of strain and stress on the solar cell junction thus creating highly reliable and flexible electrical connections. Figures 139-1 5 139-2 show representative short interconnector assemblies for a concealed outlet 0 has cell contact pad alignment features and super cell edge alignment features to facilitate self-operation; Ease of manufacturing and positioning accuracy. Figures 39b-1 and 39b-2 show a representative configuration of a short concealed outlet interconnector having asymmetric lengths of loops. These asymmetric interconductors can be used in opposite directions to avoid interference of conductors traveling parallel to the longitudinal axis of the supercells (see discussion for Figs. 142-42b below).

The hidden sockets described herein can form the required electrical connections in the Bang design in order to provide the required electrical circuit for a unit. (Sar) Make concealed outlet connections eg at intervals of 12, 24, 36, or 48 solar cells along a supercell; or at any other suitable interval. Spacing between concealed outlets can be specified depending on the application.

Each supercell typically has a front surface end contact at one end of the supercell and a posterior surface end contact at the other end of the supercell. in contrast, where a supercell extends the length or breadth of a solar module; These terminal contacts can be located next to opposite edges of the solar module. A flexible interconnector can be conductively bonded to a front or rear end surface contact of a supercell

0 To electrically connect the supercell to the solar cells (HAY) or to other electrical components in the module. For example » Fig. 134 shows a cross-sectional view of a representative solar module with an interconnector 3410 connected to a back surface end contact at the end of a supercell. The 3410 Back Surface End Contact Interconnector can be; or includes, for example; A copper tape or thin copper foil that has a density perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell to which it is attached is less than or equal to about

5 100 µm; or less than or about 50 microns; or less than or equal to about 30 microns; or less than or equal to about 25 microns to increase the flexibility of the interconnector. The width of the interconductor can for example be greater than or equal to about 10 mm in plane of the solar cell surface in a direction perpendicular to the current flow through the interconductor to improve conductivity. as described; The 3410 Back Surface End Contact Interconductor can be located behind the solar cells;

0 Where a portion of the interconductor does not extend behind the supercell in a direction parallel to cell row AE similar interconductors may be used to connect the front surface end contacts. alternatively To reduce the front surface area of the solar module occupied by the front surface end interconnectors; The front surface interconductor may comprise a thin flexible gia directly bonded to the supercell and a denser part providing high conductivity. This arrangement reduces the width of the interconductor

5 required to achieve foam conductivity. The dense part of the interconductor can be an essential part of the

interconnector Sie or be a separate piece joined by the thin galls of the interconnector. For example; Figures 34b-34c each show a cross-sectional projection of a representative interface 3410 conductively bonded to a front surface end contact at the end of a supercell. In both examples, a thin flexible 3410 part of the interconductor is directly attached to the cell

ultrafiltration on a thin copper strip or thin copper foil having a density perpendicular to the surface of the associated solar cell of less than or equal to about 100 microns; less than or equal to about 50 microns; less than or equal to about 30 microns; or less than or equal to about 25 microns. A thin copper strip 3410b of the interconductor ha is bonded to the thin part 3410 to improve the conductivity of the interconductor.

0 in Fig. 34b; An electrically conductive tape 3410g on the rear surface gal attaches the thin interconductor 13410 gia the thin interconductor to the supercell and segments the dense interconductor 60. In Figure 234 the thin interconductor 13410 ian ha is joined to the dense interconductor 3410b by Electrically conductive adhesive 3410D and its bonding to the supercell by means of electrically conductive adhesive 3410H. Electrically conductive labels 3410D and 3410E can be

5 similar or different; The electrically conductive adhesive 3410H (Kar Wie) is tin solder. The solar modules described in this description may have a lamellar structure (as shown in Figure 134) in which supercells and one or more 3610 encapsulated materials are bisected between 3620 transparent front chip and 3630 black chip. The transparent front chip can be

0 Glass (Sag Ha) The black wafer may be Wad of Glass or Ble of any other suitable material. An additional strip of laminated material may be placed between the 3410 Back Surface End Interface and the Super Cell Back Surface as explained. As noted above, “concealed sockets provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance to the black ALS unit.” Since these connectors are made of highly reflective Ghai conductors, they will naturally be high

Contrast with linked solar cells. However; By forming the connections on the back surface of the solar LDA and by having Lad extend other connectors in the solar module circuit behind the solar cells, the various connectors are hidden from view allowing multiple connection points (concealed sockets) while maintaining the "all-black" appearance. ".

Concealed sockets can be used to configure various unit designs. In the example in Figure 40 (Physical Design) and Figure 41 (Electrical Diagram); A solar module comprises of six supercells each running the length of the module. Concealed socket contact pads and short interconnectors 3400 divide each supercell into three sections and electrically connect adjacent supercell sections in parallel thus forming three sets of parallel connected supercell sections.

0 Each group is connected in parallel to a different 1300A-0 shunt diode valve that is inserted into (integrated into) the laminar assembly of the unit. Say Place shunt diodes eg directly behind supercells or between supercells. Transfer diodes can be placed roughly along a central line of the solar module parallel to the long sides of the solar module for example.

5 In the example in Figures 42-142 (also corresponding to the electrical diagram in Figure 41) a solar module has six supercells each running the length of the module. Concealed socket contact pads and short interconnectors 3400 divide each supercell into three sections and connect Electrically adjacent supercell sections are in parallel thus forming three groups of parallel connected supercell sections.Each group is connected in parallel with a different valve

0 of the 1300-11300C shunt diodes located behind the supercells connect the concealed socket contact pads and short interconnects to the shunt diodes located at the back of the unit within a junction box. Figure 42b provides a detailed connection plan for the short interconnectors 3400 to the hidden outlet and the connectors 1500b and 1500c. As shown, these connectors do not interfere with each other

5 Some In the example shown, this is enabled through the use of asymmetric interfaces

0 arranged in different directions. The gal method for avoiding overlapping of conductors is to use a first asymmetric interfacing 3400 that has loops of first length and a second asymmetric interfacing 0 that has loops of a different length than the first. In the example of FIG. 43 (also corresponding to the electrical diagram of FIG. 41); the unit has been initialized

The solar panels are similar to those shown in Figure 142 except that the interconnections to a discreet outlet 3400 form continuous buses that run substantially the entire width of the solar module. Each carrier may be an individual long interconnect 3400 conductively attached to the metallization of the rear surface of each supercell. alternatively A carrier may include several independent interfaces; each covering one supercell; connected in a conductive way to each other or interconnected electrically

0 in another way as previously described. Lad relates to Fig. 41. Fig. 43 also shows terminal interconnections of a 3410 supercell forming a continuous conductor along one terminal of the solar module to electrically connect terminal contacts to a front surface of the supercell. An additional 3410 supercell terminal interconnects form the continuous conductor along the opposite end of the solar module to electrically connect the terminal contacts to the back surface of the supercells.

5 A representative solar module in Figs. 144-44 corresponds also to the electrical diagram of Fig. 41. This example uses a short concealed outlet interconnection 3400 as in Fig. 142 and an interconnector 3410 forming the continuous conductors of the front and back surface terminal contacts of the supercell; as in Fig. 43 In the figures of Fig. 147 (physical diagram) and Fig. 47b (electrical diagram), a solar module is included.

0 on six supercells each running the entire length of the solar module. Concealed socket contacts and short interconnects 3400 segments each supercell into 2/3 long segments and 1/3 segment long. The 3410 interconnects at the bottom edge of the LS (shown in Fig. Tay) have three rows on the left side parallel to each other; Three rows on the right side parallel to each other (andl) and three rows on the side

5 left in a row with three rows on the right side. This equipment consists of three groups of

Supercell sections connected in parallel with each supercell assembly having a length 2/3 the length of the supercell. Each group is connected in parallel to a different 82000-0 branching diode. This fixture provides twice the voltage and about half the current that would be provided by the same supercell if connected electrically yay than that as shown in Figure 41.

As indicated (a) previously, with reference to Figure 34a; Interconnections associated with terminal contacts of the rear surface of the supercell may be located entirely behind the supercells and are not visible in the view from the front (sun) side of the solar module. 3410 interconnections associated with terminal contacts of a front surface of the supercell may be visible in the rear view of the module (eg; as in Figure 43) because they extend further from the terminals of the supercells (eg (Jaa) as in Figure 44) or

0 because it folds around and below the tips of the supercells. The use of discreet sockets facilitates the assembly of small numbers of solar cells per branch diode. in the examples in Figures 48-148 (each showing a physical diagram); Solar Bang comprises of six supercells each running the length of a unit. 3400 Concealed socket contact pads and short interconnects divide each supercell into fifths and electrically connect supercell sections

5 adjacent in parallel; It then works to form five sets of supercell sections connected in parallel. Each assembly is connected in parallel to a different E2100-A2100 branching diodes inserted into (included in) the laminate structure of the unit. Branching diodes, for example, may be located immediately behind the supercells or between the supercells. The 3410 super cell terminal interfaces form the continuous bus along one end of the unit

0 solar panels to electrically connect terminal contacts to a front surface of supercells; An additional 3410 supercell terminal interconnects form the continuous conductor along the opposite end of the solar module to electrically connect the terminal contacts to the back surface of the supercells. In the example from Figure 148; One junction box 2110 shall be electrically connected to the terminal front and rear surface interconnect buses by means of connectors 12115 and 2115b. There are no diodes in a junction box; However;

5 Alternatively (Fig. 48b) the long return conductors 2215 and 2115b may be discarded

and replace one junction box 2110 with two polarity junction boxes (+ or =) existing 2110a-0b; eg JE) at opposite edges of the unit. This eliminates resistive losses in long return conductors. Although the examples described in the request (Jad) use discreet sockets for the electrical partitioning of each supercell into three or five groups of solar cells; These examples are for illustrative purposes, not limitation. in general; A discreet socket can be used to electrically partition the supercell into more or less of the solar cell groups shown; and/or to more or less solar cells for each group shown. in the normal operation of the solar modules described in the present order; When no 0 bypass diode is forward biased and inductive; There is little or no current flowing through any padding that is in contact with a concealed outlet. Instead of that; Current flows through the length of each supercell through cell-to-cell conductive bonds between adjacent superimposed solar cells. In contrast, Fig. 45 shows the current flow when shunting a part of the solar module through a forward biased branching diode. As indicated by the arrows; In this example, current flows in the leftmost supercell 5 along the supercell until it reaches the solar cell connected to the outlet; dang this by metallizing the back surface of the solar cell; Concealed socket contact pad (not shown); interconnect 0 to the second solar cell in an adjacent supercell; Other concealed socket contacts (not shown) to which the interconnection in the All solar cell is connected through metallization of the rear surface of the solar cell Al and through additional concealed packings; interconnections 0 and metallize the back surface of the solar cell to a conductor 1500 conducting to a branching diode. The flow of current through other supercells is similar. As can be seen from the illustration; In the cases described, a discreet socket contact gasket may conduct current from two or more rows of supercells; Thus delivering a current greater than the current generated in Af one solar cell per unit. Typically there is no carrier rod; contact padding; or other spall element (other than metal toes 5 front surface or overlapping part of the adjacent solar cell) on the front surface of the cell

The solar panel has a contact charge with a discreet outlet. sling on it; If the contact pad is formed with a concealed silver socket on the silicon solar cell; The light conversion efficiency of the solar cell may decrease in the contact pad area of a concealed outlet if the silver contact pad reduces the effect of the back surface field which prevents the combination of the back surface tin solder. In order to avoid this loss of efficiency; Most supercell solar cells do not typically include concealed socket contacts. (eg oJ in some variants only those solar cells for which a blank contact is necessary for a branching diode circuit will have a blank contact mentioned). In addition, what can be used to match current generation in solar cells that have contact gaskets with a concealed outlet for current generation in solar cells that lack

0 to discreet socket contact pads; Solar cells with plain-contact gratings may have a greater light-gathering area than solar cells without plain-contact gratings. Individual discreet socket contact gaskets may have rectangular dimensions; For example » is less than or equal to about 2 mm by less than or equal to about 5 mm.

5 Solar modules undergo temperature cycling as a result of temperature variations in the environment in which they are installed during operation; And during the test. As shown in Figure 46a; During said temperature cycling is caused by a mismatch in thermal expansion between the silicon solar cells in the supercell and the other parts of the sand) eg glass front sheet of the module; Relative motion between the supercell and the other parts of the unit along the longitudinal axis of the cell rows

0 super. Said incompatibility tends to stretch or compress the supercells; It may damage solar cells or the conductive bonds between solar cells in supercells. similarly; As shown in Fig. 46) during temperature cycling, a mismatch in thermal expansion between an interconnector attached to the solar cell and the solar cell results in the relative motion between the interconnector and the solar cell in a direction perpendicular to the rows of supercells. This mismatch exerts stress and may be damaged

5 solar cells; interconnection; and the connecting link between them. This may happen with interconnects

Associated with discreet socket contact pads and interconnects attached to the front or back surface of a supercell or terminal contacts. similarly; may create annular mechanical loading of a solar module; for example during shipping or due to weather (eg wind and snow); Local shear forces at cell-to-cell bonds within the supercell and at the interface between the solar cell and the interface. These shear forces can also damage the solar module. To avoid problems arising from relative motion between the supercells and other parts of the solar module along the longitudinal axis of the supercell rows; A conductive adhesive can be selected using Jay! Adjacent superimposed solar cells to each other to form the flexible conductive bond 3515 (Fig. and a glass front sheet of the module in a parallel direction in rows in a temperature range of about -40°C to about 100°C without damage to the solar module. A conductive adhesive for the formation of conductive bonds that has a shear modulus at standard test conditions (ie, 25 m) can be selected; For example. less than or equal to about 100 MPa (MPa); 5 is less than or equal to about 200 MPa; less than or equal to about 300 MPa; less than or equal to about 400 MPa; less than or equal to about 500 MPa; less than or equal to about 600 MPa; less than or equal to about 700 MPa; JB of or equal to about 800 MPa; less than or equal to about 900 MPa; or less than or equal to about 1000 MPa. The flexible conductive bonds between adjacent, superimposed 0 solar cells can offset the differential motion between each cell and a glass front sheet of greater than or equal to about 15 microns; For example. Suitable conductive adhesives may include; For example; on ECM 1541-3 available from Engineered Conductive Materials LLC. to enhance heat flow along the supercell; This reduces the risk of damage to the solar module due to hot spots that may arise during operation of the solar module if the solar cell in the module is reverse biased 5 due to shading or due to AT ¢ conductive bonds between adjacent solar WIAs may form overlapping

Using for example (JB) a solar cell perpendicular thickness of less than or equal to about 50 microns and a perpendicular thermal conductivity of a solar cell greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/(m-kilo). To avoid problems arising from the relative movement between the interconnection and the solar cell to which it is connected; A conductive adhesive used to bond the interconnection to the solar cell can be selected to form the conductive bond between the solar cell and the interconnection rigid enough to drive the interconnection to accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the solar cell and the interconnection in a temperature range of about -40 °C to about 180 °C without damaging the solar module. Said conductive adhesive may be selected to form the conductive bond having a shear modulus at standard test conditions (ie, 0 25 m); For example; greater than or equal to about 1800 MPa; greater than or equal to about 1900 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2000 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2100 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2200 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2300 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2400 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2500 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2600 MPa; greater than or equal to 5 about 2700 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2800 MPa; greater than or equal to about 2900 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3000 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3100 MPa greater than or equal to about 3200 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3300 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3400 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3500 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3600 MPa; greater than or equal to 0 about 3700 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3800 MPa; greater than or equal to about 3900 MPa. or greater than or equal to about 4000 MPa. In the aforementioned contrasts, the interconnection can tolerate thermal expansion or contraction of the interconnection greater than or equal to about 40 μm; For example. Suitable conductive adhesives may include; For example, on Hitachi 60-450 and tin solders.

eg like this; Bondings between adjacent solar WIAs nested within a supercell are able to benefit from a different conductive adhesive than supercell bonding and an electro-elastic interconnect. For example; The conductive link between the supercell and the electrically elastic interconnection may consist of tin solder; The conductive bonds are formed between adjacent solar cells

5 overlays of conductive adhesive, not soldered with tin. In contrast, all conductive adhesives can be cured in a single-step process; For example in from about 150 pm to about 180 pm process window. The focus of the foregoing discussion has been on assembling an array of solar cells (possibly towed solar cells) in a roofed fashion on a common substrate. It follows that the unit is configured.

0 in order to collect a sufficient amount of useful solar energy; However; The establishment typically includes a number of the aforementioned units that are self-contained together. according to models; A group that may also be of solar cell units combined in a roofed manner to increase the efficiency of the array area. in the specified models; The unit can distinguish the upper conductive strap facing the solar direction; and the lower conductive strip facing away from the solar direction.

5. The bottom strap is buried under the cells. Subsequently; Does not obstruct incoming light and adversely affect unit space efficiency. In contrast"; The upper bandage is exposed and can obstruct incoming light and adversely affect efficiency. Depending on the models, the units themselves may be roofed; So that the upper strap is covered by an adjacent unit. This roofed unit configuration can also provide additional space in the unit for other items;

0 without adversely affecting the final area of the exposed unit matrix. 3 Examples of unit elements that may be located in overlapping areas may include, but not be limited to, junction box(s) and/or carrier strips.

in the specified models; be the boxes | For the corresponding adjacent roofed units in a coupling device

It is possible to achieve electrical connection between them. This simplifies the configuration of an array of roofed units

by getting rid of the wires.

in the specified models; The boxes [5] can be enhanced or combined with additional structural interfaces. Said entity may form a solution dela integral pitched roof assembly; Where the link dimensions are specified

tilting box. The mentioned implementation may be particularly useful where an array of modules is installed

thatched on a flat roof.

Capped supercells lend themselves to unique unit scheme opportunities for power management devices

at the unit level (eg; micro-transformers; unit capacity improvers; voltage intelligence

0 and smart converters; and related devices). The advantages of unit-level capacity management systems are to improve capacity. The supercells as described and used in the present order can produce higher voltages than conventional panels. additionally; A super unit cell diagram can further segment the unit. Higher voltage values and increased fragmentation both create potential advantages for capacity improvement.

5 This specification discloses high-efficiency solar modules (ie, solar panels) comprising narrow rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in a capped manner and electrically connected in series to form supercells; With supercells arranged in physically parallel rows in the solar module. Supercells may have lengths spanning the entire length or width of the solar module; For example; or two or more supercells may be arranged end-to-end in a row. may be

0 Each supercell includes any number of solar cells; In some variants it includes at least 19 solar cells and in certain variants greater than or equal to 100 silicon solar cells; For example. Each solar module may have a conventional size and shape as well as hundreds of silicon solar cells; It allows supercells in one solar module to be interconnected electrically to provide a direct current (DC) voltage ranging, for example, from about 90

5V (/) to about 450/A or more.

As further described Lad follows; This high DC voltage facilitates switching from current

Alternating (AC) alternating current by means of a transformer (eg microtransformer on

solar module) by eliminating or reducing the need for a DC to DC boost (increase in

voltage (DC) before conversion to AC by means of a transformer. Lad as further described below; high voltage DC also facilitates the use of equipment in which DC/ AC conversion can be performed

By means of a central transformer receiving high voltage DC output from two or more capped units

High voltage of a solar cell connected electrically in parallel to each other.

Turning now to the figures for a more detailed understanding of the solar modules described in this specification;

Figure 1 shows a cross-section view of a series of solar cells connected in series 10

0 arranged in a capped manner with adjacent solar cell terminals superimposed and electrically connected to form a supercell 100. Each solar cell 10 comprises a semiconductor diode structure and electrical contacts of a semiconductor diode structure by means of which the electric current generated in the solar cell 10 when illuminated by light can be provided to an external load in the examples described in this specification; Each solar cell is 10 crystalline solar cells

5 Rectangular silicon having front surface (sun side) and back surface (shaded side) metallization patterns presenting electrical contact with opposite sides of a P=connector having front surface metallization pattern placed on semiconductor layer for oN type conductivity and back surface metallization pattern placed on a semiconducting layer of m-type conductivity. However; Article systems can be used; diode structures; physical dimensions; or electrical contact fittings if appropriate. For example; metal pattern

0 front surface (sun side) may be placed on a P-type conductivity semiconductor layer and a back surface metallization pattern (shaded side) may be laid on an N-type conductive semiconductive layer Referring again to Fig. 1 in a 100 super cell is 10 adjacent solar cells conductively connected to each other in the area in which they are overlapped by an electrically conductive bonding material that electrically connects the front surface metallization pattern of one solar cell with a rear surface metallization pattern

5 for the adjacent solar cell. Electrically conductive bonding materials may include, for example, materials

electrically conductive adhesive, electrically conductive adhesive films and adhesive tapes; and traditional tin solders. Figure 2 shows a representative rectangular ¢200 solar module comprising six ¢100 rectangular supercells each having a length approximately equal to the length of the long sides of the solar module.

The supercells are arranged in six parallel rows with their long sides oriented in a sige manner to the long sides of the unit. Similarly a configured solar sang may have more or fewer rows of lateral supercells of listed length less than shown in this example. In other variants each of the supercells may have a length approximately equal to the length of the short side of a rectangular solar module; The rows are arranged in parallel with the long sides directed

0 parallel to the short sides of the unit. In other installations each row may also contain two or more electrically interconnected supercells in series. Units may have short sides that have length; For example; about 1 jie and the long sides are long; For example, from about 1.5 to about 2.0 meters. Any other suitable shapes (for example »square) and dimensions of the solar modules can also be used.

5 in some contrasting images; The conductive bonds between the superimposed solar cells provide mechanical compatibility with the super WAY that accommodates the mismatch in thermal expansion between the supercells and the solar module front sheet in a parallel orientation in rows in a temperature range from about -40°C to about 100°C without damage to the solar module. Each supercell in the example shown includes 72 rectangular solar cells each

0 a width equal to or approximately equal to 1/6 the width of a conventionally sized square or pseudo-square silicon wafer of 156 mm or a length equal to or approximately equal to the width of the pseudo-square or pseudo-square wafer. more generally; The rectangular silicon solar cells used in the solar modules described herein may include lengths of; for example » is equal to or approximately equal to the width of a square or pseudo-square silicon wafer of conventional size and width values; for example

5 example; MJT is equal to or approximately equal to the width of the square or pseudo-square wafer of the same size

traditional; such that GSM any integer > 20. 8M is eg 3 4; 5; 6 or 2A may also be greater than 20. The supercell may include any suitable number of said rectangular solar cells. The supercells of a 200 solar module may be interconnected in series by electrical interconnections (optionally » flexible electrical interconnections) or by module level power electronics

As described below to provide higher conventional sized solar module voltage than conventional voltage; Because the roofing method described a little earlier includes many more cells per unit than the traditional one. For example, a typical sized solar module includes supercells made of 1/8th of cut silicon solar cells which may include more than 600 solar cells each.

0 units. In comparison with; A conventional sized solar module comprises conventional sized interconnected silicon solar cells typically comprising about 60 solar cells per module. in conventional silicon solar modules; Square or pseudo-square solar cells are typically interconnected by copper strips and spaced apart to accommodate the interconnections. In the cases stated » square wafer cutting or a conventional sized dreadful dummy will result in

5 narrow rectangles reduces the total active area of the solar cell in the module and therefore limits the module capacity due to additional cell-to-cell interconnections. in contrast; In the solar modules disclosed in the present application, the capped fixture obscures cell-to-cell electrical interconnections below the active area of the solar cell. Accordingly, the solar modules described in the present application may provide higher output voltage values without reducing the input capacity of the module due to:

0 There is little or no negotiation between module capacity and numbers of solar cells (and required cell-to-cell interconnections) in the solar module. When all solar cells are connected in series; A roofed solar cell unit as described in the present order may provide a DC voltage in the range from about 90 V to about 450 V or more; For example. As previously mentioned; This higher DC voltage may be useful.

For example (Jal) a microtransformer placed on or near a solar module can be used to improve module-level power and convert direct (DC) direct current into alternating (AC) current now referring to Figures 49 -49b; The 4310 conventionally accepts a 25V to 40V DC output from a single 4300 solar module and outputs a 230V AC 5 output to match the connected grid. A typical microtransformer has two major components; DC/ DC Boost and DC/ AC Invert. DC/ DC boost is utilized to increase the DC bus voltage required for DCJ AC conversion (typically the most expensive and lossy component (72 efficiency loss). OY The solar modules described in the present order offer a higher voltage output; the need for DCJ DC boosting or Say elimination may be reduced (Fig. Conventional solar modules using a central (series') inverter instead of microinverters Conventional low output DC solar modules are electrically connected in series with each other and a series transformer The voltage produced by a series of solar modules is equal to the unit range of individual voltage values because the modules are connected in series The allowable voltage range determines the maximum and minimum number of units in series The maximum number of units is set by the unit voltage and blade voltage limits: eg >Nmax x Voc 600V (US residential standard) or Nmax x Voc < 1:000 V (commercial standard).The minimum number of units in a row specified PO Module voltage parameter and minimum operating voltage required by a series transformer: x Vmp > Vinvertermin 010l. The minimum operating voltage (VInvertermin) 0 required by a series transformer (eg 100105 “Powerone” or an SMA transformer) is typically between about 180 V and about 250 V. Typically; the ideal operating voltage for a series transformer is about 400 A single high voltage DC roofed solar cell module as described in the present order may produce a voltage greater than the minimum operating voltage required by a series inverter; optionally at or 5 close to the ideal operating voltage for a series inverter. As a result, the cell modules may Umbrella

DC high voltage capacitors described in the present order are electrically connected in parallel to each other with a series transformer. This can avoid the chain length requirements of the unit chains connected in series; This may complicate system design and installation. also; In series connected series of solar modules less module current dominates; The system cannot operate efficiently if units in the chain receive different lighting, such as with units on roof slopes, or as a result of shadowing

tree. The high-voltage parallel unit assemblies described herein may also avoid these problems; Because the current through each solar module is independent, they are current through the other solar modules. In addition to the above; Said equipment should not require module-level power electronics and thus can improve the reliability of the solar modules; This may be Lela in a way

0 indicated in contrasting images in which solar modules are scattered on the roof of the building. Referring now to Figures 50-50b; As previously described; The supercell may run almost the entire length or width of the solar module. to enable electrical connections along the supercell; The connection point to an electrical outlet (from front view) can be integrated into the solar module structure. This can be accomplished by attaching an electrical conductor to the metal of the rear surface of the solar cell at a terminal or location

5 mediator in the supercell. These hidden sockets allow electrical fragmentation of the supercell; assists interconnection of supercells or supercell divisions with branching diodes; unit-level power electronics (eg microtransformers; power enhancers; voltage intelligence and smart converters; and related devices); or other components. The use of discreet sockets is further described in Provisional US Patent Application No. 62/081.200; patent application

0 U.S. Provisional No. 62/133205 and U.S. Patent Application No. 14 [674983], each of which is included in the present application by reference in their entirety. In the examples from Figure 150 (representative physical diagram) and Figure 50b (representative electrical diagram); The 200 solar modules shown each comprise six of the 100 supercells electrically connected in series to provide high voltage DC. Each supercell is electrically subdivided into many

5 groups of solar cells by 4400 non-visible socket; So that each group of

The Lil eS solar cells are connected in parallel to a different 4410 branching diode. In these examples the branching diodes are located within the lamellar structure of the solar module; any; The solar cells are encapsulated between a transparent front surface film and a back surface film. alternatively These may be branching diodes located in a junction box located on the back deck or flange of the solar module; They are interconnected to discreet sockets by means of connector plugs. In the examples from Figure 151 (gale diagram) and Figure 51b (corresponding to the electrical diagram), a solar module 200 is also shown comprising six of the supercells 100 connected electrically in series to provide a high DC voltage. The solar module is electrically connected to three series double super LDA connected.With each pair of supercells electrically connected on 0 parallel to a different discharge diode.In this example the branching diodes are placed inside a junction box 4500 located on the back surface of the solar module.Can be that the branching diodes are instead located in the plate-structured solar module or in a flange-mounted junction box In the examples and in Figs. Hence to the reverse direction and not connected.If one or more of the solar cells in an array have been reverse-strung to a sufficiently higher voltage, however, the branching diode corresponding to that array will be energized and current will flow through the unit and branches through the solar cells screwed in reverse. This prevents dangerous hot spots from forming when there is shade or operational damage to the solar cells. 0 alternatively; Effective branching diodes can be achieved within unit-level power electronics; For example, a microtransformer; placed on or near the solar module. (Unit level power electronics may also be referred to and used in the present application as unit level power management devices or systems and unit level power management). The module level power electronics  optionally integrated into the solar module can improve the power from groups of ABW 5 cells and from each AB cell or from each individual supercell portion in subdivided supercells

electrophoresis (for example” by Opera the operation of a group of supercells; of a supercell; or

super cell fraction at the capacity point at its upper limit) thus providing a discrete capacity improvement in

Unit. Unit level power electronics can eliminate the need for any

Diodes in the unit such as the power electronics that determine when to sub-pass the entire unit, a particular group of supercells, and one or more individual supercells and/or

One or more parts of a particular supercell.

This can be achieved; For example; By integrated voltage information at the unit level. and about

by monitoring the voltage output of a solar cell circuit; (eg; one or more cells

supercells or supercell parts) in Solar Bang; The "smart key"" of the capacity management device can

0 Determine if the circuit includes any solar cells in the reverse direction. If a reversely tensioned solar cell is detected; The power management device can be disconnected from the corresponding circuit of the electrical system using; For example; relay switch or other component. For example; 13) If the monitored solar cell circuit falls below the preset limit value, the power management device will stop (open the circuit). could be the threshold value

5 predetermined; For example; A certain percentage or amount (for example, 720 or 10 volts) compared to the normal variance of the circuit. (Kay embedding voltage information implementations into existing unit level power electronics products (eg from Inc.c Tigo Energy: Inc.. Solaredge Technologies:Enphase Energy Inc.) within a conventional circuit design.

0 Figure 152 (physical diagram) and Fig. 52b (corresponding electrical diagram) show a schematic diagram of unit-level power management of high voltage incorporating a roofed supercell solar module. In this example, the Bang Solar Rectangular 200 comprises six rectangular roofed super cells 100 arranged in six rows running along the long sides of the solar module. Six of the supercells are electrically connected in series to provide a high DC voltage. you can play

4600 unit level capability electronics with a voltage sensing procedure; capacity management; and/or convert direct current (DC) direct current to alternating current (AC) for a complete unit. Figure 153 (physical diagram) and Figure 53b (corresponding electrical diagram) illustrate a schematic design of an AT for unit-level power management of Alle voltage where a solar module comprises the roofed supercells. In this example; A rectangular 200 solar module comprising six 100 rectangular roofed supercells arranged in six rows extends along the long sides of the solar module. Six supercells are electrically coupled within three connected double chains of supercells. Each pair of supercells communicates individually with power electronics to unit level 4600; which can perform voltage sensing and power optimization on individual pairs of supercells; 0 Connecting two or more of them in series to provide high voltage DC” and/or shal DC/AC conversion Figure 154 (physical diagram) and Figure 54b (corresponding to electrical diagram) show a schematic design of the AT to drive unit-level capacity of high voltage; A solar module comprises of roofed supercells. In this example; A rectangular solar module of 200 incorporating six super 5 rectangular roofed 100 cells arranged in six rows extends along the long sides of the solar module. Each super cell is individually connected with 4600" unit level power electronics that can perform voltage sensing and power optimization per cell dil connect two or more of them in series to provide elevated DC voltage ¢ and/or perform shunt .DC/ AC Figure 155 (gale diagram and corresponding electrical diagram Fig. 55b) illustrates a 0 schematic AT design for unit level power management of high voltage incorporating a solar module on the roofed supercells. In this example; A rectangular 200 solar module comprising six 100 rectangular roofed supercells arranged in six rows extends along the long sides of the solar module. Each supercell is electrically compartmentalized into two or more solar cell assemblies by discreet 4400 sockets. Each output solar cell assemblage is individually connected with 5 module level 4600 (Sar Ally) power electronics that perform voltage sensing and power optimization. all over

solar cell array; Connected set of groups in series to provide high DC voltage » and/or perform AC /00 conversion. In some variants two or SSTs of high voltage DC capped solar cell modules as described herein are connected Tole in series to provide DC voltage output Je

which is converted to AC by a transformer. The inverter can be a microinverter built into one of the solar modules; For example. In the cases mentioned, the microtransformer can be optionally coupled by power management to unit level electronics that also perform additional sensing and conduction functions as described above. Alternatively the transformer could be a 'fie' central series transformer discussed below.

0 and as shown in Figure 56; When the string cells in a solar module are in series adjacent to rows of supercells they can be displaced along their axes in a staggered manner. This swaying allows the adjacent ends of the rows of supercells to be electrically connected in series by the 4700 interconnect which is bonded with the upper ed of one supercell and the lower part of the other and with the lower part of the other while

5 The area of the unit that provides (space / length) is as is the case with streamlined manufacturing. dal) (Say) contiguous rows of supercells by about 5 alle for example. The differential thermal expansion between the 4700 electrodes and the silicon solar cells and the stress on the solar cell on the Sarg solar cell can Intermittent intermittency leads to cracking and other types of failures that can degrade the performance and performance of the solar module

cll 0 It is desirable that the internal linkage and design be contained such as differentiated stretching without significant overcompression. The inner thread can provide compression and reduce thermal expansion; For example Jal) that are forged from highly forged materials (eg; soft copper foil or thin copper foil) that are formed from low thermal expansion effective materials (eg » Kovar, Infar or any nickel-iron alloy have a low thermal expansion) or of materials having a modulus

5 Thermal Expansion Compliant to a approximate extent of silicone and includes Planar Geometric Expansion Characteristics such as

Longitudinal slits, slots, perforations, or truss-like structures that incorporate differential thermal expansion between the junction and the silicon solar cell and/or use geometrical features other than flat ones such as kinks or wobbles. Connecting parts for internal connections can have thicknesses of less than about 100 microns, less than about 50 microns, less than about 30 microns, or less than about 25 microns to increase flexibility.

Interconnections. (The generally low current in the mentioned solar modules provides the use of flexible conductive tapes (dad) without significant loss in conductivity due to electrical resistance from thin interconnection). In some contrasting images; The conductive links between the supercell and the electrical interconnection

0 flexible forced electrical interconnection to accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the supercell and the elastic electrical interconnection for a temperature range of about -40°C to about 0°C without damage to the solar module. Figure 17 (discussed above) shows several illustrative interfacial designs defined by reference numbers of 400-1400 T which are used in flat stresses with characteristic

5 Geometric stress relief in the plane Figures 7B-1 and 7B-2A (also discussed above) illustrate one example of the interfacial design identified by reference numbers 400U and 3705 that utilize geometrical stress-relieving features of the planer. Any one or any combination of the internally connected configurations used in the stress relief features may be suitable for electrically connected Jada supercells in many to provide high DC voltages as has been

0 described here. Discussion Lad related to Figs. 51a55b is centered on the unit level of performance enhancement with potential D C/AC conversion from high unit DC voltage by unit level power electrons to provide AC output from the unit. As noted above; The DCJAC conversion from high voltages to DC from the solar cell modules here could instead operate a means

5 central chord transposition. For example; Figure 157 schematically shows the system

Photovoltaic 4800 comprising a set of high DC voltage 200 capped solar cell modules electrically connected and connected in parallel to each other by means of a step-down transformer through a high voltage 4820 DC negative connector and a 4810 positive DC voltage connector. Typically each A 200 solar module comprising an array of 5 roofed supercells electrically connected in a set of electrical interconnects to provide high DC voltage as has been

described above. The 200 solar modules may optionally include branching diodes arranged as previously described; For example. Figure 57b shows an example of deploying a 4800V photovoltaic system on the upper part of the roof. In some variants of the 4800 photovoltaic system; There are two or more strings

The short 0 strings of the lly DC high voltage roofed solar cell modules are electrically connected in parallel with a series transformer. Referring again to Figure 7; For example; Each 200 solar module can be replaced using strings attached with a series of two or AST 200 high voltage roofed solar cell modules. This can be done; For example; To optimize the voltages supplied from the transformer while standards are met

5 organization. Conventional solar modules typically produce about 8 amps IC (short circuit current) about 0 Voc (open circuit voltage) and about 35 7000 (power point voltage at all maximum). As discussed above; The high voltage DC roofed solar cell modules as described herein comprise a/a times the number of conventional solar cells with both

Solar cells have an area of about 1 molar of the area of a conventional solar cell which yields well many times with higher voltage and 1/M current than a conventional solar module. As noted above, a can be any suitable number; typically > 20; but it can be greater than 20. M could be eg 3 4; 5; or 12.

If M = 6; The VOC is for WIA rooftop high voltage DC solar modules which can; For example; to be about 300 volts. Connecting two of the said units in series provides approximately 600 volts 06 to the conductor which is compatible with the set at its maximum of US basic standards. if M = 4; The VOC is for roofed high-voltage solar cell modules; be for example; about 200 volts. With three of these units connected in groups they can provide sa 600 volts DC directly to the connector. if M = 12; The VOC is for high voltage DC roofed solar cell modules which can be for example around 600 volts. A system with a conductor voltage of less than 0 V can also be designed. In such variants there are high voltage DC 0 roofed solar cell modules that can be "example" connected in pairs with triplets or any suitable combination in a matchbox to provide optimum voltage for the inverter. There is an increase in the challenge of parallel designs of high voltage DC roofed solar cell modules described above where there is no short circuit solar bang of solar modules that can be dipped extensively Lad related to module capacity short circuit (ie; ads 5 is the current through dissipated power in unit short) and the picture of the hazard is generated. This problem can be avoided; For example (Jl) by using diaphragm diodes arranged to avoid other modules from thrust through a short module; and the use of current-limiting fuses in combination with shielding diodes. Figure 57b schematically shows the use of two 4830 current-limiting fuses on the Linge and negative terminals of a high-voltage DC roofed solar cell line of 0 module 200. There shall be a special protective arrangement of shielding diodes and/or fuses that can Depends on whether or not there is a converter that can have a converter. There are special systems using a transfer device that include a transfer device that is typically grounded with a female conductor. Systems that typically use a transformer are not connected to a ground line with a female conductor.

For the inverter transformer it may be preferable to include a fuse in connection with the positive terminal of the solar module and another current limiting fuse in connection with the negative terminal. (eg) placement of shielding diodes and/or current limiting fuses with each unit in a junction box or in the lamellar unit. The appropriate junction box may include; dala and fuses (eg

metaphor in conjunction with fuses) over those available from Shoals Technology Group. Figure 158 shows an example capped high-voltage DC solar cell module incorporating a junction box 0 in which a shielded AS valve 4850 is aligned with the positive terminal of the solar module. The junction box does not include current bound by a fuse. Preferably can use this body

0 in combination with one or more current-limiting fuses located elsewhere (eg in the one's box) aligned with the positive terminals and/or negative terminals of the solar module (eg; see Figure 58d below). Figure 58b shows an example capped high-voltage DC of a solar cell module comprising a junction box 4840 in which a shielding diode is in line with the positive terminal of the solar module and a current capped fuse is a 4830 in line with

5 the negative side. Figure 58c shows an example of a high-voltage DC roofed solar cell module comprising a junction box 4840 that has a fuse-bound current of 4830 in line with the positive terminal of the solar module and a fuse-bound current of 4830 in line with the negative terminal. Figure 58d shows an example high-voltage DC roofed solar cell module comprising a junction box 4840 designed as in Figure 58a; Fuses are located next to it

0 junction box in line with the picture for positive and then negative terminals of the solar module. Referring now to Figures 159-59b; As an alternative to the designs described above; The blanking diodes and/or current bound fuses for each high-voltage DC roofed solar cell module can be housed together in the 4860 combiner box. In such changes one or more of the individual specifications can be actuated separate from

5 each unit with a combination means box. As shown in Figure 59a; In one of the options

A single connector to a group (eg passively as shown) is shared among all units. In another option (Fig. 59b) all poles have individual connectors for each unit. However, Figures 59a-59b only show fuses located in combiner box 4860; Any combination of fuses and/or diodes needed can be found in the unit box. in addition to; The electronic parts can be shal-capable

functions cg AY) eg; For example; Point monitoring and tracking of capacity at maximum capacity and/or separation of individual units or groups of units in a unified box. Reverse tension operation can be performed from the solar module when one or more of the solar WAN screws in the solar module are tangential or otherwise generate low current and are

0 Solar power operation at a voltage current point that drives the most current through a low current solar cell compared to a low current solar cell that circulates. The solar cell can be heated by reverse tension and dangerous dlls can be generated. In a parallel arrangement of the high-voltage DC roofed solar cell modules, as shown in Fig. 58a; For example; Reverse tension protection units can be provided by adjusting voltage

5 Proper operation with respect to the transformer. That case has been shown; For example by Figures 60-0b. Figure 60a shows a plot of 4870 of current vs. voltage and a plot of 4880 of power vs. voltage in parallel connected series of about ten high-voltage ©0 rooftop solar modules. These charts are calculated in relation to the unit and do not have any units

0 solar cells inside a reverse tension solar cell. It causes the solar modules connected electrically (deg towards Olga) they will each have the same operating voltage and their respective currents are added. In the manner of aad ¢ the transformer will vary the transformer on the circuit in order to detect the voltage curve of the power and determine The point at its maximum on the dg curve that operates for the unit circuit is at the point of overpowering the output.

On the contrary; Figure 60b shows the 4890 graph of current versus voltage

and diagram 4900 of power versus voltage for a sample system of Figure 60 J for case

In which some solar units are in a circle and contain one or more tension cells

reverse. The reversely screwed units show themselves in the current-voltage curve by the shape of the knee with a transition from 10 amp gs at a lower voltage to about 210 volts to

Approximately 16 amps when operating for voltages less than about 200 volts. And at a voltage J of about

0 volts, the shaded modules run on reverse screwed solar cells.

Reversely tensioned units show themselves in a power-voltage curve by having two

From the extremities: there is the s at its maximum at about 200 volts and the s

0 positional at its maximum at about 240 volts. The transformer may have been designed so that it attaches to such markings of the reverse tension solar modules and operates at the solar modules at a power point voltage at its maximum positional or absolute which when reverse tension is not. In the example of Figure 60; The transformer can be operated for units at a positional capacity point at its maximum to ensure that there is no reverse tension. In addition to or on

5 towards an alternative; The operating voltage can be selected at its minimum in relation to the following Lady transformer which is not the same as any units that can be reverse tensioned. The operating voltage can be set to its minimum level depending on other variables such as ambient temperature, operating current, calculated or measured temperature, and information received from external sources such as radiation; For example.

0 In some cz dll the same high voltage DC solar modules may be roofed with adjacent solar modules arranged in a partially superimposed manner and optionally electrically interconnected in overlapping areas of them. These capped configurations can be used for high voltage solar modules connected electrically in parallel which provide high DC voltage in combination with a series inverter or for high voltage solar modules which each include an inverter

5 minutes, as it converts the solar module to a high voltage DC with a module output of AC. be there

A pair of high-voltage solar modules roofed as described and electrically connected on the following to provide the required DC voltage; For example. Conventional series transformers are often required to have a wide range of potential input voltages (or "dynamic range") because 1) they must be compatible with the string lengths of the series-connected unit in a different configuration; 2) some units in the series have full or partial shade; and 3) changes in ambient temperature and change in radiation for unit voltages. In systems used in parallel design as described herein it is the length of the solar modules connected in parallel in series which does not affect the voltage. In addition, for the case where some units have been shaded and flashed, do not decide to operate 0 for the system at voltages from the shaded units (for example, as described above). Thus in a range of transformer voltages in a parallel design system there can be no need to contain a dynamic range from Factor #3 - of temperature and change in radiation. Because this is less; For example; With approximately 730 of the conventional dynamic range required for the switching media, the switching media used with parallel design systems will be as described here and can have a 5 Gaal range of, for example, between about 0 volts. between about 450 volts at standard conditions and at about 350 volts at high temperature and low irradiance (in which case it is 450 volts of on which corresponds to under 600 volts in operation at low temperature). in addition to; As described above, transformers can receive sufficient DC voltage to directly convert to AC without a surge phase. As a result, series transformers are used with parallel design systems as described herein that are simpler, cost less, and operate at higher efficiencies compared to series transformers used in conventional systems. For both microinverters and series inverters used with the high-voltage direct current of the 5 solar cell modules described herein, in order to avoid the DC surge demand, it is preferable to design

The module is solar (or in relation to a short series connected series of solar modules) and thus operation is provided (eg; power point at maximum VMP) the DC voltage is ef of the voltage at dail of AC for example, and for 120V AC the peak to peak is: /1701 = /1201 *(5001)2.Thus the solar modules should be designed to provide VMP at It has a minimum of about 175 V, eg 000 could be at its minimum condition of about 212 V (assuming 70.35 negative voltage class factor and operating temperature at a maximum of 75 m) and VTP at lla Operating for a lower limit temperature (eg -15°C) which can be about 242V so the VOC is less than about 300V (depending on 0 fill factor of the unit). AC (or 240 volts AC) all of those numbers are double which is converted in the form of 600 volts DC which is allowed for a maximum reign in 5 no for more applications Miscellaneous. For commercial and demanding applications that allow for high voltages, the numbers mentioned can also be increased. (Say) A high-voltage roofed solar cell module as described herein is designed to operate at > 5 206 600 or > 706 100 in which case the module may include integrated power electronics which prevent the voltages supplied by the power from increasing blade requirements. Such equipment can provide an operation of 1/000 which is sufficient ad related to phase dissipation 120V (240V) which requires 350 (lsh) without problems at temperatures in excess of 600V. Loic The building is disconnected from the electric grid » For example » by means of firefighting teams 0 The solar modules (for example; on the roof) provide electricity to the building lly can continue to generate electricity as long as the sun is shining.This raises the special concern that the said solar modules can maintain On a 'live' roof with dangerous voltages after the building is disconnected from the grid To accommodate this consideration high voltages are directed towards existing roofed solar cell modules described here that may optionally include cut-offs, for example, in or with a box horse Unified to unit Said outage can be B le that

physical outage or solid state outage; For example. The cut-out can be designed for example to “normal cut-off” when there is a loss of a particular signal (eg (Jaa from the inverter) which is cut off from the solar module at a high voltage output from the circuit. The contact for the cut-off is For example, over high voltage cables through a separate wire or wirelessly.

An important advantage of high-voltage rooftop solar modules is the diffusion of heat between the solar cells in an ultra-roofed cell. The applicants have discovered that heat can easily be transferred along a silicon supercell through thin thermally conductive electrical bonds between adjacent superimposed silicon solar cells. Your sniffer could be the electrically conductive connector between solar cells

0 adjacent overhangs formed by the electrically conductive material Jal. Measured vertically on the front and back surface of the solar cell; (Sang) to be for example less than or equal to about 0 microns” or less than or equal to about 150 microns; or less than or equal to about 125 microns; or less than or equal to about 100 microns; or less than or equal to about 90 μm; J of or equal to about 80 μm; or less than or equal to about 70 μm; or less than or

5 is about 60 microns” or less than or equal to about 50 microns” or less than or equal to about 5 microns. This thin bond reduces resistive losses at the LIAN and also enhances heat flow along the supercell from any hot spot in the supercell that can increase during operation. The thermal conductivity of the bond between solar cells can be, for example » > about 1.5 W/(m K).Furthermore, the rectangular aspect ratio can be

0 of the solar cells used here provide extended areas of thermal contact between adjacent solar LAYs. On the contrary ; In conventional solar modules, interconnections are used with ribbons between adjacent solar cells Allg, which generates heat in one of the solar cells that does not spread easily through the interconnection of the ribbons with respect to other solar cells in the unit. That works

Conventional solar modules which are prone to developing hot spots compared to the modules

described solar.

in addition to; During the supercell in the solar modules described here it is lower

Typically different from the series of conventional solar cells because the solar cells described here are typically formed by rectangular roofed solar cells each having an effective area

Less (eg » 9/1) Allg is a conventional solar cell.

As a result, in the conventional solar modules disclosed here, there is less heat being generated

It is dispersed in a solar cell that is reverse stretched at an unknown voltage and heat can be diffused

Easily through the supercell and solar module without creating a dangerous hotspot.

0 Many additional optional features can have high voltage solar modules lly use super cells as described here which can be more tolerant of heat dissipation in a reverse tensioned solar cell. For example; The supercells can be coated with a thermoplastic olefin (TPO) thermoplastic olefin. TPO packaging is more stable in thermal and optical terms compared to ethylene-vinyl acetate films.

(EVA) ethylene-vinyl acetate 15 EVA will develop with temperature and with ultraviolet light which can lead to hot spot problems that are created by current-limiting cells. In addition, the solar modules will have a glass-to-glass structure that has encapsulated supercells that are sandwiched between the front sheet of glass and the back sheet of glass. The structure of the glass - the aforementioned glass provides a module

0 solar so that it can operate safely at temperatures EL than those that can be tolerated with a conventional polymer backing foil. in addition to; The tie boxes, if present, are installed on one or more of the edges of the solar module. Otherwise, they are behind the solar module, as the tie boxes can be added to an additional layer of thermal insulation on the solar cells in the unit above.

Applicants therefore recognize that high-voltage solar modules are formed from supercells as described here (Sarg) can use them further than Lgl splitter valves compared to conventional solar modules because the heat flux through the supercells can Allows the module to operate without significant risk with one or more solar cells screwed in reverse 0. For example; in some variations there are olfactory modules specific to voltage as has been

As described above they are used less frequently with a discharge diode per 25 solar cells or less than one discharge diode per 30 solar cells; Less than one branching diode per 50 solar cells; Less than one short-distance diode for every 75 solar cells; less than one branching diode per 100 solar cells; only one branching diode; Or with no diode

oll 0 Referring now to Figures 61-61c; High voltage solar modules using branching diodes have been provided. Where there is a gia of the solar module exposed to shade the module damage can be aie or minimized through the use of branching diodes. As an example (JU), the solar module 4700 shown in Figure 5161 is 10 ultracell 100 cells attached to

5 in a row. As shown, 10 supercells are arranged in parallel rows. Each supercell includes 40 solar cells connected in series 10 ; Whereas, each of the 40 solar cells is designed from 1/6 of the width to the imaginary width as described here. and necessitates natural processes that have no shadow, the current flows in the form of a tickbox 4716 through each of the 100 supercells being successively linked through the links 4715 and thereafter it is

20 Current flows through junction box 4717 Optionally a single jumper box is used instead of the separate jumper boxes 4716 and 4717 so that the current returns to the das box) The example shown in Figure 161 shows implementations with at least one branching diode per solar cell. As shown, a branching diode is electrically coupled between a pair of adjacent supercells at a point approximately half the distance along the supercells (at

dass 25 example; single bypass diode 4901a associated with Fig

electrode between the 22nd solar cell and the first supercell solar cell and the adjacent solar cell in the “Aol” supercell and a secondary branch valve 4901b electrically connected between the second supercell and the third supercell, etc.). The first and last strings of cells have approximately half the number of solar cells in a supercell per branching diode. for example

example; As shown in Figure 61, the first and second strings of cells contain only 22 cells per branching diode. The total number of discharge diodes (11) for the variations in the solar module voltage shown in Figure 161 is equal to the number of supercells plus 1 additional discharge diode.

0 Each branching diode can be combined into a flexible circuit; For example. Referring now to Figure 1b: ; A magnified view of a connected region of a branching diode of two adjacent supercells is shown. The view in Figure 61b is from the not so bright side. according to the description. Two of the 10 solar cells in adjacent supercells are electrically connected using flex circuit 4718 incorporating a branching diode 4720. flex circuit diye 4718 and a diode

Branch 4720 is electrically connected to the solar cells 10 using contact pads 9 that are located on the back surfaces of the solar cells. (See also further discussion of the use of concealed contact gaskets to provide concealed sockets for branching diodes.) Additional branching diode electrical connection schemes can be employed to reduce the number of solar cells per branching diode. An example is shown in Figure 61c. According to the description; be a valve

0 one branching diode electrically connected between each pair of adjacent WAY supercells approximately midway along the supercells. The branching diode 14901 is electrically connected between adjacent solar cells in the first and second supercells; The branching diode 4901b is electrically connected between adjacent solar cells in the second and third supercells. The divergence diode 1 is electrically connected between the adjacent solar cells in the third and fourth supercells, and so on.

5 A second set of branching diodes can be included to reduce the number of solar cells made

It will be converted into partial shade. For example; The branching diode 4902 is electrically connected between the first and second supercells at an intermediate point between the branching diodes 4901 and 4901b; and the branching diode 4902b is electrically connected between the second and third supercells at an intermediate point between the branching diodes 4901b and 24901” and so on; Reduces the number of WANs to 5 per branch diode. Optionally, a GAT assembly may also be electrically connected branching diodes to further reduce the number of solar cells to be converted in partial shade. Branching diode 14903 is electrically connected between the first and second supercells at an intermediate point between branching diodes 14902 and 4901b; A branching diode 4903b is electrically connected between the second and third supercells at a midpoint between the branching diodes 0 4902b 249015) further reducing the number of cells per SU branching valve. This configuration results in a staggered sla of branching diodes; which allow switching of small groups of cells during partial shade Additional diodes may be electrically connected in this way until the number of solar cells required per branching diode is reached eg about 8 about 6 < about 4; or about 2 per diode In some units, about 4 solar cells per branching diode are preferred. On request, one or more branching diodes are shown in Fig. This specifies solar cell splitters and solar cell splitters that can be used, for example, to separate square or pseudo-square solar cells of conventional size 0 into an array of narrow rectangular or more or less rectangular solar cells. I hollow out the bottom surfaces of the conventional sized solar cells and an arched support surface to bend the conventional sized solar cells against the arched support surface and then slit the solar cells along the pre-prepared graph lines. The advantage of these notching tools and slitting methods is that they do not require physical contact with the top surfaces of the solar cells. Based on eile 5, slitting tools and methods can be employed in slitting solar cells that include soft and/or other materials

Ripe on their upper surfaces which may be damaged by physical contact. additionally; In some contrasts, the slitting tools and slitting methods mentioned may require contact with only parts of the bottom surfaces of the solar cells. In the aforementioned variations, notching tools and slitting methods can be employed to slit solar cells that contain soft and/or immature materials in shal 5 from their non-contact bottom surfaces by means of a slitting tool. For example; One method for fabricating a solar cell takes advantage of the slitting tools and slitting methods disclosed herein that involve laser duplicating one or more graph lines on each of one or more conventionally sized silicon solar cells to define a set of rectangular regions on the silicon solar cells; Bale 0 applied electrically conductive adhesive to portions of the top surfaces of one or more silicon solar cells; applying vacuum pressure between the bottom surfaces of one or more silicon solar WAYs and an arched support surface to bend one or more silicon solar cells against an arched support surface and then slit one or more silicon solar cells along the graph lines to provide an array of cells Rectangular silicone sunshades, each of which includes an eda of electrically conductive adhesive tape placed on its front surface next to a long side. The conductive adhesive binder may be applied to conventional sized silicon solar cells either before or after the solar cells are laser etched. The resulting array of rectangular silicon solar cells may be arranged inline with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells superimposed in a capped fashion 0 with a portion of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material sandwiched between them. The sold electrically conductive bonding can then be matured by bonding adjacent superimposed rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and electrically connecting them in series. This process forms a roofed "super cell" as described in the patent applications previously listed in Cross Reference To Related Applications.

Returning now to the figures for a better understanding of the splitting tools and methods revealed here. Figure 120 schematically shows a Gals projection of an analog 1050 that can be used to split a scratched solar WIA. In this lead) an appropriately sized scratched solar cell wafer 45 is carried by a perforated conveyor belt 1060 on an arced part of the discharge als 1070. As the solar cell wafer 45 passes the arced gall of the discharge manifold; The unloading is done

Apply it through the holes in the strap by pulling the bottom surface of the solar cell wafer 45 against the discharge manifold and thus bending the solar cell. The arcing radius (all R pla) of the discharge manifold can be chosen such that bending the solar cell wafer 45 in this way bisects the solar cell along the copy lines to form

0 Rectangular solar cells 10. Rectangular solar cells 10 can for example be used in a super cell as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The solar cell wafer 45 may be bisected in this manner without contacting the top surface of the solar cell wafer 45 on which the conductive adhesive binder has been applied. The cleavage may preferentially be initiated at one end of a copy line (i.e., at one edge of a line).

5 Solar Cell 45 (eg by arranging the copy lines so that they point at an angle of 0 to the discharge manifold so that one end of each copy line reaches the iad) arc of the discharge manifold before the other end. As shown in Figure 20b; For example, solar cells with their copy lines can be oriented to the direction of the belt drive (Mg is an arched bisection of the manifold oriented perpendicular to the direction of the belt travel. As an example “aT” Fig. 20c shows vector cells with their copy lines

Gages 0 on the direction of the cabal and an arched section of the manifold angled towards the direction of the belt. The slitting machine 1050 can use, for example, a single perforated movable Wha 1060 having a width perpendicular to its direction of travel that is Lodi equal to the width of the solar cell wafer 45. Alternatively; A 1050 can include two or three; or four; or more than

5 movable perforated belts 1060 Gis that can be arranged side by side in parallel and optionally spaced

apart Sie The AY tranche 1050 can use a single discharge manifold which can have a Tia width perpendicular to the solar cell travel direction which is equal Gi to the width of a solar cell wafer 45 0 Said discharge manifold can be used For example with a single perforated and movable belt of full width 1060 or with two or more belts arranged side by side in parallel and optionally spaced apart eg. The 1050Cleaving tool can have two or more manifolds arranged side by side in parallel and spaced apart (pan) whereby each ads discharge has the same degree of curvature. Said arranged configuration may be employed for example with a single full-width perforated movable belt 1060 or with two or more said belts arranged side by side 0 parallel and spaced apart. For example, the tool may include a movable auger belt 1060 per discharge ads. in the last ordinal body; The discharge manifolds and their corresponding movable perforated belts can be arranged to contact the bottom of the solar cell wafer only along two narrow strips defined by the width of the belts. In the cases mentioned, the solar cell can include soft materials in the lower surface area of the solar cell wafer that is not touched by the crunch without exposing 5 to the risk of damage to the soft materials during the splitting process. Any suitable arrangement of moving auger belts and vacuum manifolds may be used in the Cleaving tool 1050. In some variants; A scratched solar cell wafer may include an uncured conductive adhesive binder and/or other smooth material on the top and/or bottom surfaces prior to slicing with the 1050 splitting tool. Burning of the solar cell wafer and the placement of the soft material can have occurred in any ranking. Figure 162 schematically shows a projection la and Fig. 2b shows an overhead projection or other representative splitting tool 5210 similar to the splitting tool 1050 described above. When using the 5210 split cell, a suitable size 45 scratched solar cell wafer is placed on a pair of perforated belts.

0 spaced and parallel moving at a constant speed on a pair of corresponding parallel and spaced 5235 Vacuum manifolds. The 5235 vacuum manifolds typically include the same bend. As the wafer travels with belts on the discharge manifolds through the “C5235 cleaving region,” the wafer is wrapped around a cleavage radius defined by the curved bearing surfaces of the discharge manifolds by the vacuum pulling force on the wafer bottom. When the foil is wrapped around the slitting radius, the copy lines turn into cracks separating the foil from the individual rectangular solar cells. This will be described further below; The discharge manifolds are bent so that the RJSCs are not coplanar and that the edges of the RJSCs do not touch each other in series after the splitting process. F-adjacent rectangular solar cells from perforated belts (sh) can be unloaded in a convenient way; several examples are described below. The unloading method also typically separates the R-T solar cells from each other to prevent contact between them if they are in position Referring also to Figures 62-162b, each adit can include for example a flat region F5235 5 that provides low or high discharge or no Boys and an optional arcuate transition region 5 that provides low branching or High or no (lyin or Ge YE) provides low to high vacuum along its length C5235 split region providing adie Goji and narrower diameter vertical split region 5235 PC providing low Goji. 5230 by transferring the wafers 5 from the flat region F5235 to and through the transition region 5235 p dang that to the region 0 of the segment “C5235 where his is the chips; this is the transfer of the resulting split solar cells 10 out of the region of the segment C5235 and to a region after Part 5235 PC The Glas F5235 flat area is running At low discharge it is sufficient to restrict the chips 45 to the belts and discharge manifolds. The clearance here can be reduced (or non-existent) to reduce friction and thus the tension required for the belt; And because it is easier to restrict the 45 wafers to a flat surface than to

curved surfaces. The discharge in the F5235 flat area for example is about 1 to about 6 inches of Hg. Transition region T5235 Provides a transition curvature from flat region 15235 to bisected region C5235. Curvature radius or curvature radii; In transition region 15235 is greater than the radius of curvature in segment region 05235. The curve in transition region 5 can be part of an ellipse Sle but any AT curve can be used if wafers 45 approach the region of segment 05235 through the region Transition 15235 with a slight change in curvature “You go from a flat orientation in area F5235 to a radius bevel in area C5235” helps ensure that wafer edges do not rise 0 45 and disrupt offloading which can make it difficult to restrict wafers to the radius of the radius in the radius region 05235. The discharge in the transitional region 5235 T can be for example the same as the discharge in the radius region 05235; or intermediate between area dump F5235 and area dump 05235; or transitional along the length of region T5235 between the discharge in region 25235 and the discharge in region 5. The discharge in transition region T5235 can be eg about 2 to about 5 8 inches Lay bisect area © 5235 can include a radius curvature variable; or optionally; Fixed radius of curvature. The fixed radius of curvature Sie can be about 11.5” or about 5” or between about 6” and about 18”. Any suitable range of curvature can be used” and can be selected based on the wafer density 45 and the depth and shape of the coping lines in the wafer 0 45. Typically the thinner the wafer the shorter the radius of curvature required to bend the wafer sufficiently to slit along a wafer. The depth of Sie lines can range from about 60 microns to about 140 microns; Although any suitable line depth of copy that is shallower or more aggressive can also be used. Typically, the shallower the copies, the shorter the radius of curvature required to bend the wafer sufficiently to slit along a line of copy. The cross-sectional shape of the Waal line affects the required bending radius. Copy line in the form of

A wedge-shaped or has a wedge-shaped bottom can concentrate stress more effectively than a copy line that is rounded or has a rounded bottom. Backup lines that concentrate stress more effectively may not need as tight a bend radius in the bisecting region as compared to backlines that focus stress less effectively.

Unloading in Al Shatr 5235 ©; for at least one of the discharge manifolds is typically higher than in the other areas to ensure that the wafer is properly constrained to the slit bending radius to maintain a constant flexural stress. voluntarily »; As will be explained further below; In this area one forked manifold can provide higher branching than the other in order to better control cracking along the transcription lines. Unloading in section 05235 can be

0 eg about 4 to about 15 in (58) or about 4 to about 26 inches of Hg. The post-slice region 5235 PC typically has a narrower radius of curvature than the “C5235 1385” segment facilitates transport of split solar cells from the belts 5230 without allowing the fractured surfaces of adjacent split solar cells to rub or touch (which can cause solar cell failures from cracks or other failure modes).

narrower slay) 5 provides greater separation between the edges of adjacent solar cells that are dotted on the belts. The discharge in the post split area 5235 PC can be lower (eg similar or be the same as the discharge of the flat area 5235) because the 45 wafers have already been bisected into 10 solar cells so it is no longer necessary to restrict the solar cells to the curved radius for discharge manifolds. The edges of the 10 split solar cells can be raised from the 5230 Sie belts

0 Also it may be desirable not to overstress split solar cells 10. The flat and transition regions, bisectional regions and post-chip regions of the discharge manifolds can be Ble from separate segments of different curves with their terminals matching. For example (JEN the upper surface of each manifold may include a planar plane portion; and a portion of an ellipse for the clam region) an arc of a circle for the bisected region; and another arc of a circle or part of an ellipse of a post region

5 part. alternatively It may include some or all of the curved portions of the upper surface of a manifold

Manifold on a continuous geometric function of increasing curvature (the diameter of the adjacent circle decreases). Suitable functions mentioned may include; But it is not limited to “spiral states Jie, gluttonous functions Mia, and the natural logarithm function. The legal function is a curve in which the curvature, Glad, increases along the length of the curve's path. For example »in some variable images; All transition zones

The split and post split areas are part of a single sail curve having one end corresponding to the flat area. In some images (GAY) the transition region is a sail curve with one end proportional to the flat region and the other end proportional to the bisected region having circular curvature. in the last changing pictures; The area after the sie can include a circular curvature with a “Gaal” radius or a sail curvature with a narrower radius.

0 as noted above eg as shown in Figure 652b and Figure 663; In some variants one candid manifold provides Ulle bifurcation in bisect 05235 the other addy provides sub-bifurcation in bisect 05235. The unloading le manifold fully constrains the tip of the wafer it carries to the curvature of the bifurcation; which provides sufficient stress at the end of the copy line that extends above the manifold le ead a slit along the copy line. Low discharge edd does not completely bind a tip

5 the wafer carried to the manifold curvature; So the flexural radius of the wafer on that side is not sufficient to create the stress needed to initiate a kerf in the spline. However; The stress is high enough to extend the notch that started at the other end of the backing line covering the high discharge manifold. Without some vacuum on the "low vacuum" side to partially and sufficiently constrain that end of the wafer to the manifold curvature, there is a risk of not expanding the slit that

0 appeared on the opposite end of the "high vacuum" wafer all the way across the wafer. In the variant picture described 155 a single manifold candid can provide low branching along the full length cal from flat region 5235 through post-branch region 5235 PC As described for torsion, an asymmetric discharge profile in the 05235 split region provides an asymmetric stress along the splines that controls the nucleation and expansion of cracks along the splines.

5 to the example in Figure 63b; In the case of Yau than that provided the two branched discharge manifolds

Evenly (Sie lle) in the regions of the “C5235” section, cracks may nucleate at both ends of the wafer; They stretch out toward each other” and meet somewhere in the middle of the wafer. under these circumstances; There is a risk that the cracks will not be aligned with each other and thus create a potential mechanical point of failure in the resulting split cells at the junction of the cracks.

As an alternative to the asymmetric dump dug described above; Or in addition to it, fission can be initiated differentially at the first end of a transcription line by preparing the first end of the transcription line to reach the splitting region of the manifolds before the other end. This can be accomplished for example by orienting the solar cell wafers at an angle to the discharge manifolds as described above for Fig. 20b. Instead of that; The discharge manifolds can be arranged so that the splitting area is for one of the two manifolds

The manifolds are more extended along the belt path than the bifurcation area of the other discharge manifold. For example, two discharge manifolds with the same outward curvature may be slightly in the direction of the belt drive so that the solar cell wafers reach the bifurcation area of one manifold before having reached the splitting region of the discharge manifold AY) now with reference to Fig. 64; In the example shown, all 5235 candid have interstitial holes

5 5240 arranged in a row below the center of the discharge duct 5245. As shown in Figures 65-165) the discharge duct 5245 recesses into an upper surface of the belt-bearing manifold Ue 5230. Each manifold also includes center columns 5250 placed between the interstitial holes 5240 They are arranged in a row below the center of the discharge channel 5245. The center columns 5250 effectively separate the discharge channel 5245 into two parallel discharge channels on either side of the center column row.

0 central 5250 also serves as a mount for the 5230 belt; without the center columns 5250; Belt 5230 will be subject to a longer unloaded area and likely to slump towards the interstitial 0 burrs. This may produce dle 3D flexing of the 45 wafers (flexion with sliver radius and perpendicular to sliver radius); This can damage solar cells and interfere with the splitting process. As shown in Figures 65-165 and Figures 67-66; In the example described, the holes are connected

5 Interstitial 5240 Low Vacuum Chamber 5260 A (Flat Area F5235) and Transitional Area 5235 A

in Figure 662); With a High Vacuum Chamber 5260 H (segment area 65235 in Figure 162) and another Low Vacuum Chamber 5260 L (post-segment area 5235 PC in Figure 162) this arrangement provides a seamless Vial between the low vacuum and high vacuum areas of the discharge channel 5245 The 5240 interstitial perforations provide sufficient flow resistance so that if the region to which a perforation corresponds is left fully open, the airflow will not deviate completely into that perforation, allowing areas

The other is to maintain unloading. The discharge channel 5245 helps ensure that the holes of the discharge belt 5 will always have a vacuum and will not be in a dead zone when placed between the interstitial holes 5240. Referring again to Figures 065-165 and also to Figure 67 « Belts may include

0 perforated 5230 Sie on two rows of holes 5255 optionally arranged so that the front and rear edges 527 of a wafer 45 or a split solar cell 10 are always under vacuum when the belt advances along the manifold. In particular » the successive arrangement of holes 5255 in the example described ensures that the edges of a wafer 45 or a split solar cell 10 are permanently interlocked at at least one hole 5255 in each belt 5230; This helps prevent lifting of the edges of a 45- or cell wafer

5 sunshade 10 off belt 5230 and stern 5235. Any suitable arrangement AT can also be used for holes 5255. In some variants; The arrangement of the 5255 holes does not guarantee that the rims of a wafer 45 or a split solar cell 10 will always be under discharge. The moving perforated belts 5230 in the example illustrated of the splitting tool 5210 contact the bottom of the solar cell wafer 45 only along two narrow strips defined by the width of the belts along the edges

0 side of the solar cell wafer. Accordingly, the solar cell wafer can include soft materials (Jie) and uncured adhesives (Sle) in the bottom surface area of the beltless solar cell wafer 5230 without the risk of damage to the soft materials during the splitting process. in alternate variants; The splitting tool 5210 can for example use a single movable auger belt 5230 having a width perpendicular to its direction of travel equal Lo to the wafer width

5 Solar Cell 45; You are made of two perforated movable belts as just described. ein can

The 5210 splitter has two or three; or four; or more movable perforated belts 0 which can be arranged side by side in parallel and optionally spaced apart. The splitter 5210 can use a single manifold 5235 which (Sar) has a width he is perpendicular to the solar cell travel direction that is approximately equal to the width of a solar cell wafer 45. The mentioned add can be used for example with a single belt Perforated and movable in full width 0 or with two or more Gis arranged side by side in parallel and optionally spaced apart. The towing tool 5210 may for example comprise a single perforated, movable belt 5230 carried along opposite side edges by two curved manifold discharge ads (ads) 5235 arranged parallel and spaced side by side; each adie having the same curvature. 0 can dads splitting tool 5210 on three or more discharge manifolds 5235 arranged side by side in parallel and spaced apart each manifold having the same curvature Said arrangement can be used for example with single full width perforated movable belt 5230 or with three or JST of these belts arranged side by side and optionally spaced apart The splitting tool may include an alia 5230 mobile auger per anit for example Any suitable arrangement of the mobile auger belts and manifolds can be used Discharge into split tool 60. As noted above; in some variants; scratched WAY Solar Wafer 5 sliced with split tool 5210 may include uncured conductive adhesive binder and/or other smooth materials on top surfaces and/or The lower surfaces have a pre-cleavage.It can be 0 nekh has occurred for the solar cell wafer and soft material placement in any order. The perforated belts 5230 in shall tool 5210 (and the perforated belts 1060 in shall tool 1050) can transport solar cell wafers 45 at speeds ranging from, say, about 40 milliA jie (mm/s) to about 2000 mm/s or more or about 40 mm/s to about 500 mm/s or more; or about 80 mm/s or more.45 Solar cell wafer fission can be more easily 5 at high speeds than at low speeds.

Referring now to Figure 68; Once cleaved there will be some separation between the anterior and posterior edges 527 of the contiguous cleaved cells 10 due to the geometry of the curvature; which creates a wedge-shaped gap between adjacent split solar cells. If the diffused cells are allowed to return to a coplanar flat orientation below Vol the separation between the diffused cells is increased; There is a possibility that the edges of adjacent cleavage cells could touch and damage each other. It is therefore advantageous to remove split cells from belts 5230 (or belts 1060) while they are still carried by a curved surface. Figures 169-69 schematically illustrate several devices and methods by which split solar cells can be removed from 5230 belts (or 1060 belts) and transferred to one or more additional moving belts or moving surfaces with increased separation between the split solar cells. In an example Fig. 69); the split 10 solar cells of the 5230 belts are collected by one or more of the 5265 conveyor belts which move faster than the Jal 5230 belts and thus increase the separation between the split 10 0 solar cells in the example of Figure 69b; 10 split wafers by causing a slide slide 5270 placed between the two belts 5230 to slide. 5 In this JB the 5230 belts push each split cell into a low vacuum (no mie) zone of the manifolds 5235 to release the split cell To slide 5270; Lay belts 5230 still hold the unsplitted portion of wafer 45. Provision of an air cushion between split cell 10 and slide 5270 helps ensure that both cell and slide 5270 are not abraded during operation; Wal allows activated cell sliding 10 times faster away from 0 chip 45 thus allowing for faster belt slitting operating speeds. In the example of Fig. 69c; The naked 5275 in the form of a rotating "Ferris wheel" 5275 transfers the split solar cells 10 from belts 5230 to one or more belts 5280. In example Figure 369, rotating cylinder 5285 applies a vacuum through causal 15285 to capture the split solar cells 10 from belts 5230 and put it on the belts 5280.

In the example of Figure 269', the dpe actuator 5290 has a grating 15290 and an expandable and retractable actuator 5290b mounted on the grating. Trolley 5290 moves forward and backward to position operator 5290b in a position to remove the split solar cell 10 from belts 5230 and then position operator 5290b in position to place the split solar cell on belts 5280.

In the example of Figure 69 f; The lattice track assembly 5295 includes the lattice 15295 attached to a moving belt 0 which moves the lattice 15295 to a position that allows it to remove the split solar cells 10 from the belts 5230 and then moves the lattice 15295 to a position that allows it to place the split solar cells 10 on the belts 5280; The latter occurs when the numismatis fall off or retract

0 away from belt 5280 due to the path of belt 5230. In the example of Fig. 69g; A reversible vacuum belt assembly 5305 applies pressure through one or more perforated moving belts to move the split solar cells 10 from belts 5230 to belts 5280. Figures 170-270 provide vertical projections of an additional variable image from the representative instrument described.

5 above with reference to Figures 62-662b and subsequent figures. This 5310 variant uses 5265 transmission belts; As in the example in Figure J69 to remove the split solar WAY 10 from the punch belts 5230 that transports the unscrewed wafer 45 to the splitting region of the tool. The perspectives of Figures 71-171b show this changing image of the splitter at two different stages of operation. In Figure 71, an undoped wafer approaches the cleavage region of

0 tool; In Fig. 71b the Jax wafer 45 is the cleft region and the two cleaved solar cells 10 have been separated from the wafer and thus also separated from each other when transported by the 5265 conveyor belts. In addition to the features described (ails Figs. 71-170b show multiple discharge ports 5315 on each manifold Using multiple ports per manifold can allow greater control over dump diversity on

The extension of the upper surface of the manifold. For example, different vacuum ports 5315 can optionally connect to different vacuum chambers (Jie 5260- or 5260H in Fig. 66 and Fig. 72b); and/or optionally connected to different vacuum pumps to provide different vacuum pressures along the manifold. Figures 170-70b also show complete tracks for the perforated belts 5230 that wrap around the wheels 5325) and the upper surfaces of the discharge manifolds 5235; and the wheels 5320.

Belts 5230 either by wheels 5320 or wheels 5325 for example. Figures 72 and 72b show perspectives of its portion of discharge manifold 5235 extended by oy of perforated belt 5230 in relation to the variable image in Figures 70-170b; Where Fig. 172 provides a close projection of a part of Fig. 72b. Figure 173 Wane overhead showing part of

0 vacuum manifold 5235 over which extends ie alia 5230) and Fig. 73b presents a cross-sectional projection of the same configuration of the vacuum manifold and tracked belt taken along the line C=C indicated in Fig. 3. As shown in Fig. 73b; the relative directions of the interstitial holes 5240 may be varied along the length of the discharge manifold so that each interstitial bore is arranged perpendicular to the upper surface gia of the manifold immediately above the interstitial bore.

5 of the discharge manifold 5235 over which the alia drilled 5230 expands; The vacuum chambers 5260 and 5260 H are shown in transparent projections. Figure 74b shows a close-up of a section of Figure 74. Figures 75-175g show several patterns of representative perforations that can optionally be used for perforated discharge belts 5230. The common feature of these patterns is that the straight edge of a wafer 45 or of a fissile solar cell 10 trans-pattern perpendicular to the axis long belt at any position

0 belt will always overlap with at least one 5255 hole in each belt. Patterns may include for example two or more rows of successive square or rectangular perforations (Figs. 75a; S75) or two or JST of successive rows of circular (Figs. 75b75e; 75g); or two or more angled notches (Figs. 75c) STS or other suitable aperture configuration. This description discloses high-efficiency solar modules incorporating silicon solar cells

5 arranged in a staggered manner, superimposed and electrically connected in series by conductive bonds between cells

Interlocking adjacent solar panels to form a super LDA; The supercells are physically connected in parallel rows in a solar module. A supercell can include any suitable number of solar cells. Supercells can have lengths that necessarily zonally cover the full length or full width of the solar module; For example two or more supercells may be arranged end-to-end in a row; This arrangement masks the interfacial electrical interferences from solar cell to solar cell; It can therefore be used to create an attractive Bean solar module that has little or no discrepancy between adjacent solar cells connected in series. This description also reveals patterns of metallization of the cells that facilitate stenciling of the metallization on the front (and optionally) back surfaces of the solar cells. As used here 0 "stenciling" for WAY metallization refers to the application of a die (silver paste) to the surface of a solar cell through holes molded in another impermeable wafer of material. The stencil could be a molded stainless steel sheet, for example. The molded holes in the stencil are completely free of stencil material; It does not include, for example, any grid or strainer. The absence of mesh or screen material in the molded stencil apertures distinguishes “stenciling” as used herein from “porous printing.”5 By contrast, in screen printing the metallization material is placed on the surface of a solar cell through a screen (eg a mesh) that holds a molded impermeable material. The die includes holes in the opaque material through which the metallization material is placed on the solar cell The carrier screen extends through the holes in the opaque material Compared to porous printing, stencil printing of cell metallization patterns offers several advantages including values of 0 line widths (ul Greater aspect ratio (ratio of line height to width); smoothness and better line definition”; and greater stencil length compared to a filter. However, stencil printing cannot print “islands” in a single pass as is required in three-bar metallic designs Also, stencil printing cannot print in one pass. A metallization pattern requires that the stencil include non-carrying structures that are not constrained to fall into the stencil plane 5 during printing and may interfere with placement and use of the stencil.

In one pass you can print a metallization pattern in which the metal fingers arranged in parallel are interconnected by a busbar or other metal feature running perpendicular to the fingers; OY A single stencil of this design will include tabs of non-loading laminated material defined by the hole for the connecting rod and the holes for the fingers. The tabs will not be constrained by physical connections to other parts of the stencil until they fall into the plane of the stencil during printing and are likely to be displaced out of plane and distort from the position and use of the stencil. Thus, attempts when using stenciling to print conventional solar cells require two passes of front-side metallization using different usta for different stencils; or using a stencil printing step in combination with a screen printing step; Increases the total number of 0 print strokes per cell, which constitutes a "stack" issue where two prints overlap and result in a double height. Packaging is complicated by additional operations, additional printing, and additional steps add to the cost. Therefore, stencil printing is not common for solar cells. As described below in detail; The frontal metal patterns described in the present application can include any array of fingers (eg (Jal) parallel lines) that are not connected 5 to each other by the frontal metal pattern. These patterns can be stenciled in a single pass using a single stencil because the required stencil does not include unsupported parts or structures (Ao) eg; the year). These front surface metallization patterns can be indistinguishable for standard size solar cells and for solar cell chains in which spaced solar cells are interconnected by copper strips; Because the metallization pattern itself does not provide 0 base current propagation or electrical conductivity perpendicular to the fingers. However; The front surface metallization patterns described herein can work well in roofed rectangular solar cell installations as described herein in which the gia of the front surface metallization pattern of a solar cell is overlapped and conductively connected to the rear surface metallization pattern of a cell adjacent parasol. This is because metallization of the overlapping rear surface of the adjacent solar cell can provide 5 current propagation and electrical conductivity perpendicular to the fingers in the front surface metallization pattern.

Referring to the figures to understand in more detail the solar modules described in this specification; Figure 1 shows a cross-section view of a series of 10 series-connected solar cells arranged in a capstone fashion with adjacent solar cell terminals superimposed and electrically connected to form supercell 100. Each solar cell 10 comprises a semiconductor diode structure and the semiconductor diode electrical contacts by which The electric current generated in the solar cell 10 when illuminated by light can be supplied to an external load. In the examples described in this specification; Each solar cell 10 shall be a rectangular crystalline silicon solar cell comprising front surface (sun side) and back surface (shaded side) metallization patterns providing electrical contact with opposite sides of the 0-0 junction; The front surface metallization pattern 0 is placed on a semiconductor layer having an oN conductivity and the back surface metallization pattern is placed on a semiconducting layer having an oN type conductivity. However; Any material systems can be used; diode structures; physical dimensions or other electrical contact equipment if appropriate. For example; The front surface metallization pattern (sun side) can be placed on a semiconductor layer having an oP conductivity and the back surface metallization pattern (shaded side) is placed on a 5 ad conductive layer having a Neal conductivity referring again to Figure 1 In a supercell 100, adjacent solar cells 10 are conductively bonded directly to each other in the region where they overlap by means of an electrically conductive binder that electrically connects the metallization pattern of the front surface of one solar cell to the metallization pattern of the rear surface of an adjacent solar cell. Suitable electrically conductive binders may include 0; For example; electrically conductive adhesives, conductive adhesive films (Liles) and adhesive tapes; and traditional tin solders. Referring again to Figure 2; Figure 2 shows a typical rectangular solar module 200 comprising six rectangular supercells 100 (each of a length approximately equal to the length of the long sides of the module. The supercells are arranged in six parallel rows with their long sides oriented 5 parallel to the long sides of the module A properly configured solar module can include

More or less similar to the aforementioned rows of supercells of lateral length than shown in this example. In other variations each supercell may have a length approximately equal to the length of a short side of a rectangular solar module; (Sarg) To be rows arranged in parallel with its long sides oriented parallel to the short sides of the unit. In other equipment as well, each row may include two or more AB cells that can be electrically connected Tay in series at For example, the modules can have short sides that have a length of eg from about 1 m and long sides that have a length of eg from about 1.5 to about 2.0 m Any other suitable shapes can also be used (eg square) and the dimensions of the solar modules as well. Each super cell in this example comprises 72 rectangular solar cells each of which has a width of approximately 1/6 the width of a 156 millimeter (mm) square or square pseudo-wafer and a length of about 156 mm. Also use any other suitable number of rectangular solar cells of any other suitable dimensions.Fig. 76 shows an example of a front surface metallization pattern on a rectangular solar cell 10 Facilitating stencil printing as described above.The front surface metallization pattern can be formed;5 on Example" of silver paste. In the example of Figure 76, the metallization pattern of SS is included front surface on a set of 6015 fingers extending parallel to each other” and parallel to the short sides of the solar cell; and perpendicular to the long sides of the solar cell. The metallization pattern of the front surface also includes a row of optional 6020 contact gaskets that run parallel to and adjacent to the edge of the long side of the solar cell; so that each gasket contacting 6020 is located at end 0 of toe 6015. Where present; Each 6020 contact gasket forms an area for an individual bead of electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) solder tin or other electrically conductive material dail-gusted conductively onto the front surface of the solar cell shown to the gia interferometer The back surface of an adjacent solar cell. Gaskets can have round shapes»; square or rectangular for example.” However, any suitable shape 5 gasket may be used. As an alternative to using individual beads of electrically conductive binder,

A continuous strip or dashed line of ECA cease or other electrically conductive binder placed along the edge of the long side of the solar cell interconnects some or all of the fingers as well as interconnects the solar cell to the adjacent solar cell overlap. The line may be used The said discontinuous or continuous of the electrically conductive binder in combination with the conductive gaskets at the tips of the fingers, or without such conductive gaskets.

The solar cell can have 10; For example, the length ranges from about 156 mm by the width of about 26 can, so the aspect ratio (length of the short side / length of the long side) ranges from about 6:1. These six solar cells can be prepared on a silicon wafer with a standard dimension of 6 mm X 156 mm; And then it is separated (divided) to provide solar cells according to what is

0 shown. in other variations; Eight 10 solar cells can be prepared having dimensions of about 5 mm cae 156 X and therefore an aspect ratio of about 1:8 of a standard silicon wafer. more generally; Solar cells can have 10 aspect ratios; For example; It is about 1:2 to about 1:20 and can be prepared from wafers of standard size or from wafers of any other suitable dimension.

5 Referring again to Figure 76; The metallization pattern of the front surface may include; for example » about 60 to about 120 fingers per 156 mm of cell width; For example about 90 fingers. 6015 fingers can have width values for example Jaa from about 10 to about 90 microns; For example about 30 microns. The 6015 fingers can have elevations perpendicular to the solar cell surface of, say, about 10 to about 50.

0 microns. finger heights can be; For example; about 10 microns or more; about 20 microns or more; about 30 microns or more; about 40 microns or more; or about 0 microns or more. 6020 gaskets can have diameters (circles) or side lengths (quares or rectangles) of ; For example; about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm; For example about 0.5 mm.

The metallization pattern of the rear surface of the rectangular solar cell 10 may include; For example; on a row of distinct contact gaskets; Or a row of Lay or continuous busbar running parallel to and adjacent to the edge of the long side of the solar cell. However these contact gaskets or connecting rod are not required. If the front surface metallization pattern includes contact gaskets 6020 arranged along the edge of one of the long sides of the solar cell; A row of contact pads or a connecting rod (if available) in the back surface metallization pattern is then arranged along the edge of the other long side of the solar cell. The back surface metallization pattern may also include a metallic back surface contact covering substantially all remaining back surface of the solar cell. An example of a back surface metallization pattern of Fig. 177 comprises a row of distinct contact gaskets 6025 in combination with a back surface metallized contact 6030 as just described; A typical back surface metallization pattern of Fig. 77b comprises a continuous connecting rod 35 in combination with a metallic back surface contact 6030 as just described. In a super-roofed cell, the metallization pattern of the front surface of the solar cell is conductively connected by overlapping part of the metallization pattern of the back surface of an adjacent solar cell. For example; IF 5 solar cells include the metallization of the 6020 front surface contact gaskets; Each contact gasket 6020 may be aligned with and bonded to a corresponding back surface metal contact gasket 5 (if provided); or aligned with and connected to a rear surface metal connecting rod 35 (if equipped); or bonded to a 6030 metal back surface contact (if provided) on the adjacent solar cell. This can be accomplished for example so that the indistinguishable portions (eg Ae beads) of electrically conductive bonding material 0 are placed on each contact pad 6020; or with a broken or continuous line of electrically conductive matrix extending parallel to the edge of the solar cell and optionally electrically interconnect two or SST two 6020 contact gaskets. If the solar cell lacks a front surface metal contact gasket 6020; Then for example each toe of a front surface metallization pattern 6015 can be aligned with and attached to a corresponding back surface metallizing contact gasket 5 6025 (ang) or attached to a surface metallization connecting rod

posterior 35 (if available); or bonded to a 6030 metal back surface contact (if provided) on the adjacent solar cell. This can be accomplished for example by using distinct portions (eg (JU beads) of electrically conductive matrix placed on the overlapping end of each toe 6015; or by a discontinuous or continuous line of electrically conductive material extending parallel to the edge of the solar cell and optionally connecting Electrically interface two or more 6015 sticks. As noted above, portions of the overlapping bottom surface metallization of the adjacent solar cell' eg back surface connecting rod 5 3 and/or back surface contact 0 n cag may provide propagation current and electrical conductivity perpendicular to the fingers in the metallization pattern of the front surface.In variations using dashed or solid lines of the electrically conductive binder 0 as described above, the electrically conductive matrix may provide current propagation and electrical conduction perpendicular to the fingers in the metallization pattern of the front surface The overlapping back surface metallurgy and/or electrically conductive binder can carry eg current to the bal manifold fingers or other finger disturbances in the front surface metallization pattern. Back Surface Metallic Contact Gaskets Agent 6025 (alg 35 3 if available) For example, of silver paste; It can be applied by stencil printing, stencil printing, or any other suitable method. Metal back surface contact 6030« eg; of aluminium. Any other suitable metal patterns can also be used for the back surface and materials. Figure 78 shows an example of a front surface metallization pattern on a Terrible 6300 solar cell that can be segmented to form an array of rectangular solar cells each with the front 0 metallization pattern shown in Figure 76. Figure 79 shows an example of a back surface metallization pattern on a Terrible 6300 solar cell It can be subdivided to form an array of rectangular solar cells each with the back surface metallization pattern shown in Figure ATT

The front surface metallization pattern described in the present order can enable a stencil of front surface metallization to be printed on a solar cell production line with a standard 3D printer. For example; The production process may include silver paste to stencil or stencil print onto the back surface of an aquifer solar cell to form back surface contact pads or back surface busbar silver using a primer; After that dry the back surface silver paste; then stencil or stencil print an aluminum contact on the back surface of the solar cell using a second printer; then dry the aluminum contacts; then silver paste to stencil the front surface of the solar cell to create a complete front surface metallization pattern using one stencil in one step of stenciling with a third printer; then dry the silver paste; After that turn on the solar cell. 0 This printing and associated steps can occur in any AT order or can be omitted as appropriate. Using a stencil to print the metallization pattern on the front surface allows for narrower fingers to be produced than would be possible with stencil printing, which can improve the efficiency of the solar cell and reduce the use of silver and thus the production cost. Stenciling a front surface metallization pattern in one stencil step 5 allows using a single stencil to produce a front surface metallization pattern of uniform height; For example; Buffing does not appear as it would if stencil printing or multiple stencil printing was used in combination with stenciling to overlap impressions to define features that extend in other directions. After forming the front and back surface metallization pattern on the solar WAY; Each 0 square solar cell can be separated into two or more rectangular solar cells. This can be achieved for example by laser copying followed by slicing or any other suitable method. The rectangular solar cells can then be arranged in an overlapping manner and conductively connected to each other according to the previously described supercell configuration. This specification discloses methods for fabricating solar cells with low loss values in carrier combination at the edges of the solar cell; For example; Below 5 slotted edges enhance the combination of the stand. Solar cells can be silicon solar cells;

For example; More specifically, silicon solar cells can be made. This specification also discloses roofed (interfering) super cell installations of said solar cells. The individual solar cells in said supercell can have narrow rectangular geometries (eg Jia, slate-like shapes); so that the long sides of adjacent solar cells are arranged to overlap. A significant challenge in the cost-effective application of high-efficiency solar cells such as solar cells is the traditionally perceived need for large amounts of metal to carry large current from such a high-efficiency solar cell to an adjacent series-connected high-efficiency solar cell. dicing such a high-efficiency solar cell into narrow rectangular solar cell strips; Then 0 Arranging the resulting solar cells in a staggered (roofed) pattern with conductive bonds between overlapping portions of adjacent solar cells to form a continuum of solar cells in a cell (dala) provides an opportunity to reduce unit cost by simplifying the process. This is because The differentiation steps traditionally required to interconnect adjacent solar cells can be reduced by using metal strips.This roofing method would also improve module efficiency by reducing the current through the solar cells5 (because individual solar cell strips can have smaller than conventional effective areas) ling is the length of the current path between adjacent solar WIAs, each tending to reduce resistance loss.The reduced current can also allow less expensive but more resistive conductors (eg copper) to be substituted for more expensive but less resistive conductors (eg “silver) without significant performance loss. Additionally, this roofing method can reduce the area of the non-active module 0 by reducing the Lin-connected strips and connected contacts of the front surfaces of the solar cells. It can Conventional sized solar cells have; For example (Jal) the front and back surfaces are quite square with dimensions ranging from about 156 millimeters (mm) X about 156 mm. In the roofing scheme described for torsion such a solar cell is cuboided into two or more (eg 5; Two to twenty (156 mm) long solar cell strips

This roofing method is that dicing a conventional size solar cell into thin strips increases the cell edge length of the active area of the solar cell compared to a conventional size solar cell; Which can reduce performance due to the combination of the carrier at the edges. For example” Fig. 80 schematically shows the cube of the HIT 7100 solar cell which has front and back surface dimensions ranging from about 156 mm X about 156 mm to several solar cell strips (17100 27100 27100 371005) each having Narrow rectangular front and back surfaces with dimensions ranging from about 156 mm X about 40 mm.(The 156 mm long sides of the solar cell strips extend per page.) On a typical HIT cell shown 7100 has a monocrystalline base of type 51050.” It can have for example a thickness of 0 about 180 µm and square front and back surfaces with dimensions ranging from about 156 mm X about 6 mm. A layer with a thickness of about 5 nanometers (nm) of (a-Si) was applied Intrinsic amorphous SitH:H) and an about 5 nm thick layer of @-SitH doped with +0 (both layers are indicated together with Ref. 7110) were placed on the front surface of a crystalline silicon substrate 7105. Claws of 7105 were applied. Approx. 65 nm 5120 of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) conductive oxide 5 layered on a-Si:H 7110. Provides conductive metallic square lines 7130 placed on TCO 7120 electrical contact to the front surface of the solar cell. A layer of about 5 nm thick jie of 51:11-8 native and a layer of about 5 nm thick of 8 51:11 doped with +0 (both layers are labeled together with Ref. 7115) were applied to the back surface of a silicon substrate. Crystalline 7105. A film of about 0 65 nanometers thickness jie 7125 of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) is layered over layers of a-Si:H 7115 and conductive metal square lines 7135 placed on layer of TCO 7125 provide electrical contact to the back surface of the solar cell (Dimensions and materials noted above are intended to be rather representative; By traditional methods, 5 solar cell bonding 7100 (27100” ¢z7100 371005) is formed, and the edges are not made

Spina bifida problem 7140 is not running. These undamped edges contain a high density of dangling chemical bonds; Which enhance the carrier combination and reduce the performance of solar cells. on particular day; The 7145 cleaved surface that detects the N=p linkage and the 7145 cleavage surface that detects the strongly doped front surface field (in the 7110 layers) are not das off and can greatly improve carrier combination. In addition to the above; If a laser is used

Conventional for laser cutting or copying processes in the 7100 solar cell cubing; Heat damage such as recrystallization 7150 of amorphous silicon can occur on re-formed edges. as a result of unprocessed edges and heat damage; In dls using traditional manufacturing processes we can expect new edges formed on the Slotted Solar WAN 7100 57100 « 7100 »

0 and 1100d can reduce the short-circuit current »; open circuit voltage; and pseudo-fill factor of solar cells. This amounts to a significant reduction in solar cell performance. The formation of recombination-enhancing edges while dicing a conventionally sized solar cell into narrower solar cell strips can be avoided using the method shown in Figures 85–185j. This method uses insulation grooves on the front and back surface of a conventional sized solar cell

5 7100 To electrically isolate the p-n junction and the highly doped front surface field from cleaved edges that would otherwise function as recombination sites for low-diffusing carriers. The edges of the grooves are not defined by conventional fission; but rather by chemical etching or laser patterning; This is followed by the deposition of an oxide passivation layer (Jie), which passivates both the front and back grooves. compared to strongly similar regions; The base alloy is low enough that

0 The probability of electrons in the junction reaching a base with unvelvet cut edges is small. additionally; The dicing technique can be used for a wafer without indentations; Laser thermal separation

Thermal Laser Separation (TLS) for cutting wafers; and avoid possible heat damage. In the example shown in Figures 85-185j; The starting material is approximately 156 mm of monocrystalline silicon © in wafer cut form; It can have a mass resistance of eg

An example is about 1 to about 3 ohms a centimeter thick and can be eg about 180 microns thick. (The 7105 wafer forms the base of the solar cell.) Referring to Fig. 81, wafer 7105 is cut in Lali-etched, acid-washed and beveled pieces; And dried.

after that; In Fig. 81b an @-SitH layer of about 5 nm thick is self-deposited and a n+ a-Si:H like layer of about 5 nm thick (both layers together are indicated by reference number 7110) is deposited on the front surface of wafer 7105 by deposition with plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) enhanced chemical vapor deposition (eg JE) at a temperature from about 150 °C to about 200 °C; eg.

0 thereafter; In Fig. 81c a self-@-SitH layer of about 5 nano jie thickness and a look-alike B:51-8 p+ layer of about 5 nm thickness (both layers are indicated together by Ref. 7115) are deposited on the back surface of a 1 05 wafer by “PECVD for example” at a temperature from about 150 °C to about 200 °C; eg. Thereafter, in Fig. 81d the pattern of the front layers 8-51:14 7110 is set to form the insulation grooves

5 7112. Insulation grooves 7112 which typically penetrate layers 7110 to reach wafer 7105 and may have width values; For example; about 100 microns to about 1000 microns; For example about 200 microns. Grooves typically have the smallest usable width values; Based on the accuracy of the patterning techniques and fission techniques applied thereafter. Groove patterns te (eg 7112; eg 7112) can be achieved using laser patterning or chemical etching (eg ;

0 Determination of the injection pattern on wetness). after that; In Fig. 81e the patterns of the back layers AA:8-51 7115 are determined to form the insulation grooves 7. Similarly to the insulation grooves 7112; The insulation grooves 7117 which typically penetrate layers 5 are connected to the 7105 wafer and can have width values; For example » about 100 microns to about 1000 microns; For example about 200 microns. patterns can be achieved

grooves 7117; For example; using laser patterning or chemical etching (eg » wet injection patterning). Each Lay 7117 groove is aligned with a corresponding groove 2 on the front surface of the structure. after that; In Fig. 81f an approximately 65 nm thick layer of TCO 7120 is deposited on the patterned front layers of a-Si:H 7110. This can be achieved by physical vapor deposition

TCO dak or with ion plating,” for example. (PVD) physical vapor deposition The outer edge layers are coated with 7110 a-SitH The grooves are filled in 7112 in 0 layers Also it performs the anti-coating function TCO 7120 and then damps the surfaces Layers 7110. Layer 0. antireflection coating afterwards; In Fig. 581 a layer of about 65 nm thick TCO 7125 is deposited on patterned background layers: 51-8: 7115. This can be achieved by PVD or ion plating” eg. TCO layer 7125 fill grooves 7117 in a-Si:H layers 5 and coat outer edge layers 115; Then the surfaces of the 7115 layers are damped. The TCO layer 5 also performs the function of anti-reflection coating 5 after that; In Fig. 81h the surface is silk-screened (Jo) for example; The conductive front metal of the grating lines 7130 on the layer of TCO 7120. The grating lines 7130 can be formed from low grade hall silver pastes as Ald thereafter; in Fig. 81i a surface silk-screen printing (on eg metal) conductive back of grating 7135 on TCO layer 7125. grating 7135 can be molded from low temperature silver pastes eg. Then, after deposition of grating 7130 and grating 7135, the cell is cured solar system at a temperature ranging from about 200 C for a period of about 30 minutes, for example.

after that; In Figure 81j the solar cell is separated into strips of the 7155a solar cell; 7155« 7155 EGP; and 1155 d in the cube of the solar cell at the middle of the grooves. Cubism can be achieved for example using conventional laser copying and mechanical bisecting at the mid grooves of the solar cell bisect in line with the grooves. alternatively Cubism can be achieved using a laser thermal separation process (lk) of Jenoptik AG (for example) in which laser-induced heating is applied at the middle of the grooves to a mechanical stress that bisects the solar cell in line with the grooves. The latter method can avoid thermal damage to the edges of solar cells. The resulting 37155-17155 chip solar cells are different from the WAY 0 chip 57100-17100 solar cells shown in Figure 80. In particular the edges of the 7110-1 8-layers and the 7115 a-Si:H layers are formed in the 7140 solar cells. - 17140D by laser engraving or profiling; Not the mechanical part. additionally; The edges of layers 7110 and 7115 in solar cells 57155-57155 are passivated by a TCO layer. as a result; The 1140-0d solar cells lack the carrier combination that strengthens cleft edges that are present in the 17100-37100 5 solar cells. The method described for Figures 181-81j is intended to be representative and not limiting. so that the steps described in certain sequences are performed in other sequences or in parallel; as appropriate. Material layers and steps can be deleted, added, or replaced as appropriate. For example (Jha) if copper-plating metallization is used then additional 0 patterning and layer nucleation steps can be included in the process. In addition to the above; In some variations, only the front layers: 8-51 7110 are patterned to form “Ball” grooves, and the isolation grooves are not formed in the back layers 8-51:11 7115. In other variations, only the back layers 8-14 7115 are patterned to form isolation grooves ; Insulation grooves are not formed in the frontal layers 8-1 7115. As in the example from Figures 81-181j; In these variations dicing 5 also occurs in the middle of the grooves.

The formation of recombination-enhancing edges while dicing a conventionally sized HIT solar cell into narrower solar cell strips can also be avoided using the method shown in Figs. .

Referring to Figure 82a; In this example the starting material is again about 6 mm thick square silicon of type N monocrystalline wafer cut 7105 which may have a mass resistivity of eg about 1 to about 3 ohms centimeter and can be eg as thick as about 180 microns. Referring to Fig. 82b; The 7160 grooves are machined into the front surface of the 7105 wafer. It can

0 These grooves have depths eg; is about 80 microns to about 150 microns; eg about 90 microns; These widths can range from about 10 microns to about 100 microns, for example. The isolation grooves 7160 specify the geometry of the solar cell slats to be formed from the wafer 7105. As shown below; The 7105 wafer is bisected along these grooves. The grooves of 7160 can be machined by conventional copying

5 for laser chip eg. Thereafter” in Fig. 82c the wafer 7105 is textured etched (Lali) and acid washed; beveled; and dried. Etching typically removes damage initially present in the image surfaces of a cut wafer 7105 or done during groove formation 7160. Etching can expand Gang Load grooves 7160. Subsequently, in Fig. 52d a self 851:11 layer with a thickness of about 5 nm and a +0 layer are deposited

a-Si:H 0 with a thickness of about 5 nm (both layers are indicated together by reference number 7110) was applied to the front surface of wafer 7105 by “PECVD for example” at a temperature ranging from about 150 °C to about 200 °C. Then, in Jal 82e a 5:1:8-auto layer about 5 nm thick jie and a p+ a-Si:H like layer about 5 nm thick are deposited (shown Both layers together with reference number 7115)

on the back surface of a 1 05 C wafer by “PECVD” for example » at a temperature ranging from Jigs 150 C to about 200 C; for example. After that, in Figure 82f a TCO layer with a thickness of about 65 nanometers is deposited jie 7120 on the front layers: 8-51 7110. This can be achieved by “physical (PVD) vapor deposition 5” or “ion plating” for example.

0 Groove 7160 Typically the walls and bottom layers of Groove 7160 and the outer edge layers 7110 are then coated and the painted surfaces are passivated. The Lad 7120 TCO layer acts as an anti-reflective coating. Then, in Fig. 82g, a layer of TCO with a thickness of about 65 nm is deposited on 7125.

0 back layers 4A:8-51 7115. This can be achieved with PVD or ion-plating” eg. TCO Coating 7125 dampens the surfaces (eg including the outer edges) of the Coatings 7115 and also serves as an anti-reflective coating. after that; In Fig. 82h the front surface is silk-screened (Ao) for example; Metal) conductor for Lys 7130 gridlines on TCO 7120 layer. Gridlines can be formed

grating 7130 low temperature silver paste; For Ald after that; In Fig. 82i the conductive back surface (eg metal JE) of grated gridlines 7135 is silkscreened onto a layer of TCO 7125. Gridlines 7135 can be formed from low-grade silver hall pastes as Ald after that; After deposition of grating lines 7130 and grating lines 7135 is done

0 Solar cell maturation at a temperature of about 200 m sad about 30 minutes; For example. after that; In Fig. 82j the solar cell is separated into strips of the solar cell 27165 (17165” 165 17 and 7165d); by dicing the solar cell at the middle of the grooves 0 cubing can be achieved for example by using the conventional mechanical splitting at the middle of the grooves for the split

The solar cell is in line with the grooves. In a way that ch dicing can be achieved using the laser thermal separation process as described above; For example. The resulting sheet solar cell 37165-17165 differs from the WAY solar panel 57100-17100 shown in Figure 80. In particular the “edges of the layers are formed -8 51:11 7110 in the WAY solar 7165-7165” gay, not the mechanical part. additionally; The edges of the 7110 layers in the ST165-17165 solar cells are passivated by the TCO layer as a result (AlN). The 7165-17165d solar cells lack the carrier combination that strengthens the cleft edges that are present in the 37100-17100 solar cells. The method described is intended for Figures 81-181j are representative and not restrictive 0 so that the steps described in certain sequences are performed in other sequences or in parallel, as appropriate Material layers and steps may be omitted, added or replaced as appropriate For example (JOR in If brazing metallization is used then additional patterning and nucleation layer deposition steps can be incorporated into the process.Further to the above, in some variations some grooves of variants 7160 are machined in the back surface of wafer 7105 instead of in the front 5 surface of wafer 7105. The methods described are Lad above for Figures 81-181J5 586-186 applied to both N-type and M-type 1111 solar cells. The solar WAN can be forward emitter or back emitter. It may be preferable to apply the separation process On the side without the emitter s; The use of insulating grooves and passivation layers as described above to reduce 0 coalescence at the edges of the slashed wafer is applicable to other solar cell designs and to solar cells using material systems other than silicon. Referring again to Figure 1; A series of series-connected solar cells 0 formed by the methods described above may be characteristically arranged in a capped fashion so that the edges of adjacent solar cells are staggered and electrically connected to form a supercell 100. In a supercell 100

Adjacent solar LIANs 10 are conductively bonded to each other in the region in which they overlap by means of an electrically conductive binder that electrically connects the metallization pattern of the front surface of one solar cell to the metallization pattern of the rear surface of the adjacent solar cell. of gall may include the appropriate electrically conductive bond; For example; electrically conductive adhesives, electrically conductive adhesive films and adhesive tapes; and conventional welds.

Referring again to Figures 5a-5b; Figure 15 shows a typical rectangular solar module 200 comprising twenty rectangular supercells 100; Each is about half the length of the short sides of the solar module. The supercells are arranged end-to-end in pairs to form ten rows of supercells. So that the rows and long sides of the cells

0 supercells are oriented parallel to the short sides of the solar module. in other variations; Each row of supercells can contain three or more supercells. dad in other variations (Sa) that the supercells are arranged end-to-end in rows such that the rows and the long sides of the supercells are oriented parallel to the long sides of a rectangular solar module or oriented parallel to the side of a massive solar module. For the above; the unit can include

5 Solar has more or fewer supercells and more or fewer rows of supercells than shown in this example. (Sa) that an optional gap 210 shown in Fig. 15 is present to facilitate electrical contact to terminal contacts of a front surface of 100 supercells along the centerline of the solar module; in variations in which the supercells in each row are arranged such that at least one lie ‏

0 have a terminal contact front surface at the end of a supercell next to the other supercell in the row. In various pictures in which each row of supercells contains three or more supercells. Optional additional gaps can be provided between the supercells to similarly facilitate making electrical contacts to front surface terminal contacts located away from the sides of the solar module.

Figure 5b shows another typical rectangular 300 solar module comprising ten super rectangular 100 cells each of a length approximately equal to the length of the short sides of the solar module. Supercells are arranged so that their long sides are oriented parallel to the short sides of unity. In other variations the Super WAN can be lengths approximately equal to the length of the sides

The long sides of a rectangular solar module are oriented with their long sides parallel to the long sides of the solar module. (Kar) that supercells also have lengths approximately equal to the side lengths of a massive solar module, and are oriented with their long sides parallel to the side of the solar module. In addition to the above, a solar module can include more or less supercells of side length not shown in This example.

0 Figure 5b also shows what a solar module 200 of Fig. 15 looks like when there are no gaps between adjacent supercells in the rows of solar module 200 supercells. Any suitable gal arrangement of solar module 100 supercells can also be used. The following numbered paragraphs provide additional, non-restricted aspects of disclosure.

1 . Solar module includes:

Average breakdown voltage greater than about 10 V WAN solar assembled in one or more supercells each comprising two or more solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other with a material electrically and thermally conductive adhesive;

0 where no solar cell or one group of > WIA N solar in series of solar cells

Electrically connected individually in parallel with a branching diode. 2. The solar module in accordance with Clause 1; where it is not greater than or equal to 30. 3. the solar unit according to clause 1; where it is not greater than or equal to 50.

4. The solar module according to Clause 1; where it is not greater than or equal to 100.

5. The solar module according to Clause 1 where the adhesive adhesive forms bonds between the WA

Side-by-side solar panels have a thickness perpendicular to the solar cells of less than or equal to about 0.1 mm

A thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cell is greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/m/k. 6. The solar module according to Clause 1 where N solar cells are assembled into one super cell.

7. The solar module according to Gall 1, where the super cells are encapsulated in a polymer.

17 The solar module according to paragraph 7 where the polymer includes a thermoplastic olefin polymer

B. The solar module in accordance with clause 7 where the polymer is sandwiched between a front sheet of glass

glass 10 and back sheet 7c. Solar module in accordance with clause 7b where the back panel includes glass.

8. The solar module according to Clause 1, where the WA solar cells are silicon solar cells. 9 silicon solar cells. 7 solar module includes:

15 the supercell that covers substantially the entire length or width of the solar module parallel to the edge of the solar module”; A supercell comprises a series connected series of rectangular or more or less rectangular solar cells having an average breakdown voltage greater than about 10 V arranged in line with long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other (andl With an adhesive adhesive that is electrically and thermally conductive

¢sthermally conductive 0 where neither a solar cell nor a single group of >N solar cells in a supercell are individually electrically connected in parallel with a branching diode.

0. A solar module according to clause 9 where no > 24. 1. A solar module according to clause 9 where the supercell has a length in the downstream direction of at least about 500 mm. 2. The solar module according to Clause 9 wherein the super WAY is encapsulated in a thermoplastic olefin polymer sandwiched between front and back sheets of glass. 3. The supercell includes: a group of silicon solar cells, each of which includes: front or back surfaces are rectangular or rectangular to an extent defined by the first and second parallel long sides placed oppositely, and two short sides placed oppositely 0 »; At least parts of the front surfaces are exposed to sunlight while the solar cell series is in operation; at least one front surface placed adjacent to the first long side; and 5 one rear deck on BY) placed adjacent to the second long side; Wherein the silicon solar cells are arranged in line with the first and second long sides of the adjacent silicon interlocking solar cells and such that the front and back surface contact gaskets are on the adjacent silicon staggered solar WAY and conductively bonded to each other with a binder of conductive adhesive to conduct Electrolytic 0 silicon solar cells in series; Whereas, the metallization pattern of the front surface of each silicon solar cell includes a prepared barrier to determine to a large extent the bonding material of the conductive adhesive to at least one gasket.

Front surface contact prior to curing of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication. 4. The super cell according to clause 13 where for each pair of overlapping and adjacent silicon solar cells; The diaphragm on the front surface of one silicon solar cell is an overlapping and discreet part of another silicon solar cell; It then largely determines the conductive adhesive binder for the overlapping regions of the front surface of the silicon solar cell prior to the maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication. 5. the supercell according to paragraph 13 wherein the bulkhead comprises a continuous conductive line running parallel to and to the full length of substantially the first long side; so that at least one front surface contact gasket 0 is present between the continuous conductive line and the first long side of the solar cell. 6. Supercell according to sll 15) wherein the metallization pattern of the front surface comprises electrically connected fingers of gaskets contacting at least one front surface and extending perpendicular to the first long side; and a continuous conductive line electrically connected Lay to the fingers to provide several conductive paths of each finger to at least one front surface contact gasket 7. The supercell according to § 13 wherein the metallization pattern of the front surface comprises a set of distinct contact gaskets arranged in a row adjacent to and parallel to the first long side aiding the diaphragm on a set of Characteristics constituting separate septa for each distinct contact gasket largely determine the binder material of the conductive adhesive to the distinct contact gaskets prior to maturation of the 0 binder of the conductive adhesive during supercell manufacturing. 9. Supercell includes:

A group of silicon solar cells, each of which includes:

The front or back surfaces are oblong or rectangular in shape, defined by the long sides

The first and second parallelepipeds placed opposite each other and two short sides placed asymmetrically

opposite » at least parts of the front surfaces are exposed to sunlight during the operation of the solar cell series;

A metallization pattern, an electrically conductive front surface, placed on the front J surface, including

on a gasket in contact with at least one front surface placed adjacent to the first long side; And

at least one rear deck placed adjacent to the second long side;

0 where the silicon solar cells are arranged in line with the first and second long sides of the adjacent silicon solar cells interlocked and such that the front and rear surface contact pads are on the adjacent silicon solar WAY and conductively bonded to each other with a binder of conductive adhesive To electrically connect silicon solar cells in series; And

5 whereby the pattern of metallizing the back surface of each silicon solar cell comprises a barrier prepared to substantially strip the conductive adhesive binder into at least one back surface contact gaskets prior to maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication.

0. super cell according to sll 19; wherein the back surface metallurgy pattern comprises one or more distinct contact gaskets arranged in a row adjacent to and parallel to the second long side; and includes

The barrier contains a set of attributes that form separate barriers for each distinct contact gasket that largely determines the conductive-adhesive binder to the distinct contact gaskets prior to the maturation of the conductive-adhesive binder during supercell fabrication.

1. Supercell according to ll 20 where separate baffles butt and are longer than gaskets

corresponding distinct contacts.

22 Manufacturing Method Solar Cell Series; The method includes:

cube one or more pseudo square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form an array of rectangular silicon solar cells that is

Each is substantially the same length along its long axis; And

Arrange the rectangular silicon solar cells in line with the long sides of the solar cells

interconnected and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the solar cells

respectively;

0 where an array of rectangular silicon solar cells comprises at least one rectangular solar cell having two chamfered corners corresponding to the corners or on parts of the corners of the sham-shaped pseudo-wafer; and one or more rectangular silicon solar cells, each lacking chamfered corners; And where the spacing is selected between the parallel lines along which the pseudo-chip das pe was cubed in shape

5 a Bevel corners equation ob The width is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of WAY rectangular silicon solar cells that have chamfered corners is greater than the width perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of rectangular silicon solar cells that lack chamfered corners; So that each of the arrays of rectangular silicon solar cells in the series of solar cells has a front surface area of largely the same exposure to light in the operation of the series of solar cells.

0 23. A series of solar cells comprising: a group of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal parts of adjacent solar cells overlapping and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the solar cells in series;

where at least one of the silicon solar cells has chamfered corners that correspond to corners or parts of corners of a pseudo-square silicon wafer from which it has been cut into cubes; Cus at least one of the silicon solar cells lacks chamfered corners; Both silicon solar cells have a front surface area of substantially the same exposed area

to light during the operation of the solar cell series. 4. A method of manufacturing two or more strings of solar cells; The method comprises: dicing one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form a first array of rectangular silicon solar cells having chamfered corners corresponding to the corners or portions of the wafers

0 silicon pseudo-pseudo-silicon and a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells each having a first length covering the entire width of the pseudo-silicon wafers and lacking chamfered corners; Remove the chamfers from each of the first array of rectangular silicon solar cells to create a third array of rectangular silicon solar WANs each with a second length shorter than

5 first length and lacking chamfer corners; Arranging a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series to form a solar cell chain that has a width equal to the length of the first ; And

0 Arrangement of a third group of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect a third group of rectangular silicon solar cells in series to form a solar cell chain that has a width equal to the length the second.

5. A method of manufacturing two or more strings of solar cells; The method includes:

Cube one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells comprising the chamfered corners corresponding to the corners or portions of the corners of the pseudo-silicon wafers and a second set of rectangular solar cells of silicone lacks chamfered corners; Arrange a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series; Arranging a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and connected conductively to each other to electrically connect a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series. 6. The method of manufacturing a solar module; The method includes: dicing each of a group of pseudo-shape silicon wafers along a set of 5 lines parallel to a long edge of the wafer to form from a group of pseudo-shape silicon wafers an array of rectangular silicon solar cells with chamfered corners Corresponding to the awful-looking pseudo-corners of silicon wafers is an array of rectangular silicon solar cells that lack chamfered corners; Arrangement of at least some rectangular silicon solar cells lacking chamfered 0's to form a first set of supercells each comprising only rectangular silicon solar cells lacking chamfered corners arranged inline with long sides of silicon solar cells overlapped and closely coupled Connecting to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series;

Arrangement of at least some rectangular silicon solar cells comprising chamfered corners to form a second set of supercells each comprising only rectangular silicon solar cells comprising chamfered corners arranged inline with long sides of silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect silicon solar cells in series; And

Arrangement of supercells in parallel rows of supercells of length equal to a large extent to form a front surface of the solar module so that each row of supercells includes from a first group of supercells or only supercells from a second group of supercells. 7. The solar module in accordance with paragraph 26, where it includes two rows of supercells adjacent to

0 opposite parallel edges of the solar module supercells only from a second set of supercells; All other parallel supercell rows of the solar module contain only supercells from a first set of supercells. 8. The solar module according to Clause 27; Where the solar module includes a total of six rows of supercells.

5 29. The supercell comprises: an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line in the first direction with the peripheral parts of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; An elongated flexible SxS interconnect with its longitudinal axis oriented parallel to the ob vertical direction

0 in the first direction; conductively attached to the front or rear surface of a terminal silicon solar cell at three or more separate locations arranged along f in the second direction and traversing at least the entire width of the terminal solar cell in the second direction; having a conductive sheath of less than or equal to about 100 µm measured vertically on the front or back surface of the silicon terminal solar cell; Provides resistance to current flow in the second direction of less than or equal to about 0.012

ohms And prepared to provide flexibility that accommodates the differential expansion in the second direction between the terminal silicon solar cell and the interconnection for a temperature range ranging from about = 40 C to about 85 C. 0. The supercell according to clause 29 where the flexible electrical interconnection has a conductor thickness less than or equal to about 30 microns measured vertically on the front and back surfaces of the silicon terminal solar cell. 1. Supercell sll Gg 29 where the elastic electrical interconnection extends beyond the supercell in the second direction to provide electrical interconnection to at least a second supercell placed parallel J and adjacent to the supercell in a solar module. 2. Supercell sll Gg 29 where the elastic electrical interconnection extends beyond the 0 supercell in the first direction to provide electrical interconnection to a second supercell placed parallel to and in line with the supercell in a solar module. 33 solar modules comprising: a group of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows covering the width of the module to form a front surface of the module; Each supercell comprises an array of 5 silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal parts of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; Where at least one terminal of a first supercell adjacent to the unit edge in a first row is electrically connected to the terminal of a second supercell adjacent to the same unit edge in a second row by means of a flexible electrical interconnection 0 attached to the front surface of the first supercell at a set of locations separated by a conductive adhesive bonding material electrically »running parallel to the edge of the unit; ong at least of which folds around the end of a first supercell and is obscured from view from the front of the unit.

4. Solar module according to gall 33; The flexible electrical interconnect surfaces on the front surface of the unit are covered or tinted to reduce visual contrast with the supercells. 3 The solar module in accordance with clause 33 where f two or more parallel rows of supercells are arranged on a white background wafer to form a front surface of the solar module to be illuminated

5 by solar radiation while the solar module is in operation; The white background sheet comprises parallel dark strips having the locations and widths corresponding to the locations and widths of the spaces between the parallel rows of supercells; The white parts of the back panels are not visible through the spaces between the rows. 6. Solar cell series manufacturing method; The method includes:

0 Laser copying of one or more graph lines on each one or more of the silicon solar WAYs to define a set of rectangular regions on the silicon solar cells; apply an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more scratched silicon solar cells at one or more locations adjacent to the long side of each rectangular area; Separate the silicon solar cells along the graph lines to provide an array of solar cells

5 silicone rectangles each comprising eh of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed on its front surface next to a long side; Arrangement of an array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped in a hooded manner with a portion of the electrically conductive adhesive sold between; And

0 Ripening of the electrically conductive binder, and then connecting the adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connecting them electrically in series.

37 Manufacturing Method A series of solar cells; The method includes:

Laser copying of one or more graph lines on each one or more of the silicon solar cells to identify “de gene” from the rectangular areas on the silicon solar cells” Each application of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to portions of the top surfaces of one or more of the cells silicon solar panels;

Applying vacuum pressure between the bottom surfaces of one or more silicon solar cells and a Mohs support surface to bend one or more of the silicon solar cells against the arched support surface and then slit one or more of the silicon solar cells along the graph lines to provide an array of rectangular solar cells of silicon each including an eda of a ribbon material Arranging a group of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped in a roofing manner with a part of sale electrically conductive adhesive bonding placed Lad between; maturation of the electrically conductive binder; Then connect the adjacent overlapping rectangular solar cells

5 of silicon together (and) and electrically connected in series. 8. The method according to Paragraph 37) includes applying electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more silicon solar cells; this is laser copying one or more graph lines on each one or more silicon solar cells. 9. Method according to Paragraph 37 includes laser copying of one or more graph lines on

Each one or more of the solar cells is made of silicon. This is the placement of the electrically conductive adhesive dal sale on one or AST of the solar cells made of silicon. Solar module includes:

for the solar module; Each supercell comprises an array of arranged silicon solar cells

In line with the terminal parts of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and linked

in a conductive manner to connect the silicon solar cells electrically in series; Each supercell includes terminal contacts with an anterior surface at one end of the supercell and contacts

terminal to posterior surface of opposite polarity at opposite terminal of supercell;

where a first row of supercells includes a first supercell arranged so that its contact is

terminal to a front surface adjacent to and parallel to a first edge of the solar module; The solar module includes

It has a flexible electrical interface that is longitudinal and runs parallel to the edge first for the unit

0 solar; It is conductively attached to the terminal contacts of the anterior surface of the first supercell; A narrow gia occupies only a narrow front surface of the solar module adjacent to the first edge of the solar module and is not wider than about 1 centimeter measured vertically on the first edge of the solar module.

1. The solar module according to clause 40 where gia of the first flexible electrical interconnection extends

5 around the end of a first supercell closest to the first edge of the solar module; and behind the first supercell.

2. Spall Gy 40 solar module; Cus the first flexible interconnection comprises a thin band ea conductively attached to the terminal contact of the front surface of the first supercell and a thicker segment extending parallel to the first edge of the solar module.

0 43. The solar module according to clause 40 wherein the first flexible interconnection comprises a thin Ghd ga conductively bonded to the terminal contact of the front surface of the first supercell and a coiled strapping segment extending parallel to the first edge of the solar module.

4. Solar Module pursuant to Clause 40 Cus 2nd Row of Super WAY comprising a 2nd Supercell arranged with its front surface terminal contact adjacent to and parallel to the first edge of the module

solar; The terminal contact of the anterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the contact

terminal to the anterior surface of the second supercell by means of the first elastic electrical interconnection.

5. Solar module according to SAL 40; where the terminal contact to a posterior surface of the first supercell is located

adjacent to and parallel to the second edge of the solar module against the first edge of the solar module; It has a second flexible electrical interconnect that is longitudinal and runs parallel to the second edge

for the solar module; It is conductively attached to the terminal contact of the posterior surface of the supercell

1st” and is entirely behind the superior WDA.

46 The solar module according to Paragraph 45, where:

A second row of supercells comprises a second supercell arranged with its terminal contacting an anterior surface

0 is adjacent to and parallel to the first edge of the solar module and its terminal contact is located on a rear surface adjacent to and parallel to the second edge of the solar module; The terminal contact of the anterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of the anterior surface of the second supercell by means of the first elastic electrical interconnection; The terminal contact of a posterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of a surface

5 rear of the second super cell by means of the second flexible electrical interconnection.

7. The solar module in accordance with Clause 40; Include:

a second supercell arranged in the first row of supercells in series with the first supercell and with its terminal contacting a back surface next to a second edge of the solar module opposite the first edge of the solar module; And

0 A second flexible electrical interconnect that is longitudinal and runs parallel to the second edge of the solar module; It is conductively attached to the terminal contact of a posterior surface of the first supercell; ging entirely behind the supercells.

8. The solar module according to Clause 47; where: a second row of supercells comprises a third supercell and a fourth supercell arranged in series with a front surface terminal contact of the third supercell adjacent to the first edge of the solar module and a rear surface terminal contact of the fourth supercell adjacent to the second edge of the solar module; And

The terminal contact of the anterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of the anterior surface of the third supercell by means of the first elastic electrical interconnection and the terminal contact of a posterior surface of the second supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of the posterior surface of the fourth supercell by means of the second electrically flexible interconnection.

9. The solar module in accordance with § 40 Cus supercells are arranged on a white background sheet 0 comprising dark parallel strips having places and widths corresponding to the places and widths of spaces between parallel rows of supercells; The white parts of the back panels are not visible through the spaces between the rows. 0. The solar module in accordance with Clause 40) where all parts of the first flexible electrical interconnection located on the front surface of the solar module are covered or tinted to reduce visual contrast with 5 supercells. 1. The solar module according to Clause 40 Cua: Each solar cell of Silicon comprising: rectangular or nearly rectangular front or back surfaces defined by the first and second parallel long sides oppositely positioned and two short sides oppositely positioned 0 » At least portions of the front surfaces are exposed to sunlight during operation of the solar cell series; Metallization pattern An electrically conductive front surface placed on the front surface J includes a set of fingers extending perpendicular to the long sides and a set of distinctive contact gaskets

for the front surface laid in a row adjacent to the first long side; Each gasket in contact with a front surface is electrically connected to at least one of the fingers; distinct rear surface contact gaskets lined up next to the second long side; And

Within each supercell the silicon solar cells are arranged inline with the first and second long sides of the adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping such that the corresponding distinct front surface contact gaskets and the distinct back surface contact gaskets on the adjacent silicon solar Wal are aligned; overlapping; They are linked conductively with each other with a bonding material for a conductive adhesive to electrically connect the solar cells, made of silicon, in series.

0 52. The solar module according to clause 51) where the metallization pattern of the front surface of each silicon solar cell includes a group of thin conductors for electrical interconnection next to the front surface contact gaskets f f and each thin conductor is thinner than the width of the distinguished contact gaskets measured vertically on the The long sides of the solar cells.

3. The solar module in accordance with Clause 51; where the binder of the conductive adhesive is specified

5 so far as the front surface contact gasket locations having the front surface metallization pattern features that form one or more baffles adjacent to the distinct front surface contact gaskets.

4. The solar module in accordance with Clause 51; Where the binder of the Alia gall adhesive is largely defined by the locations of the back surface contact gaskets which have the characteristic back surface metallization pattern forming one or more baffles adjacent to the distinct back surface contact gasket.

0 55. Method of manufacturing a solar module; The method includes: rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal parts on the long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped in a capped manner;

Ripening of an electrically conductive bonding material placed between the overlapping peripheral parts of the adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells by applying heat and pressing the dill cells, then connecting the adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connecting them electrically in series; Arrangement and interconnection of supercells in the form of a coated solar module in a stacking of layers comprising

Envelope; Applying heat and pressure to stack the layers to form a jaminate structure. 6. The method according to Paragraph 55; Involves ripening or partially curing the electrically conductive binder by applying heat and pressure to supercells before applying heat and pressure to agglutinate the layers

0 to form a lamellar structure; Then the formation of mature or partially mature cells supercoiled as a direct product prior to the formation of the lamellar structure. 7. The method according to clause 56) where each additional rectangular silicon solar cell is added to the supercell during the assembly of the supercell; the electrically conductive adhesive between the re-added solar cell and its adjacent overlapping solar cell is partially ripened or matured

5 before another rectangular silicon solar cell added to the supercell. 8. the manner in accordance with Paragraph 56; It involves ripening or partially curing all of the electrically conductive binder in the supercell in the same step. 9. the manner in accordance with Paragraph 56; It includes: Partially curing the electrically conductive binder by applying heat and pressure to the WA ultrafine before

0 Apply heat and pressure to agglutinate the layers to form a lamellar structure; then the formation of partially mature supercells as a direct product prior to the formation of the lamellar structure; Completing the maturation of the electrically conductive binder while applying heat and pressure to stack the layers to form the lamellar structure.

0. the method in accordance with Paragraph 55; It includes the maturation of the electrically conductive binder during shedding

Heat and pressure agglutinate the layers to form a lamellar structure; without the formation of mature cells or

Partially superlatively matured as a direct product prior to the formation of the lamellar structure.

1. the manner in accordance with Paragraph 55; It involves dicing one or more silicon solar cells into rectangular shapes to provide rectangular silicon solar cells.

2. the manner in accordance with Paragraph 61; It involves applying an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to

One or more silicon solar cells before dicing one or more solar cells

SILICONE TO PROVIDE LIAN SOLAR RECTANGULAR SILICONE WITH CONDUCTIVE ADHESIVE TAPE

pre-positioned electrically.

0 63. The method according to clause 62 “involves applying electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more silicon solar cells; They then use a laser to copy one or more lines onto each one or more of the silicon solar cells; He then bisected one or more of the silicon solar cells along the scratched lines.

4. the manner in accordance with Paragraph 62; It involves using a laser to burn one or more lines on each surface

5 one or more silicon solar cells; This is the application of conductive adhesive tape (Liles) to the one or SST of the silicon solar cells; He then bisected one or more of the silicon solar cells along the scratched lines.

5. the manner in accordance with Paragraph 62; whereby the electrically conductive adhesive bonding material is applied to the top surface of each of one or more silicon solar cells and is not positioned oppositely.

for the bottom surface of each of one or more silicon solar cells; It involves applying vacuum pressure between the bottom surfaces of one or more silicon solar cells and an arched support surface to bend one or more silicon solar cells against the arched support surface and then slit one or more silicon solar cells along the graph lines.

66. The method according to Paragraph 61; It involves applying an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to

Rectangular silicon solar cells after cubic one or more solar cells from

Silicon to provide rectangular silicon solar cells.

7. The method according to paragraph 55) wherein the binder of the conductive adhesive has a denaturation temperature of less than or equal to about 0 °C.

1 solar module includes:

for the solar module; Each supercell comprises an array of arranged silicon solar cells

In line with the terminal parts of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and linked

0 in a conductive manner to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; Each supercell comprises an anterior surface terminal contact at one end of the supercell and a posterior surface terminal contact of opposite polarity at an opposite end of the supercell;

where a first row of supercells includes a first supercell arranged so that its terminal contact is with an adjacent front surface and parallel to a first edge of the solar module; The solar module includes

5 have a flexible electrical interconnect that is longitudinal and runs parallel to the first edge of the solar module; It is conductively attached to the terminal contacts of the anterior surface of the first supercell; A narrow gia occupies only a narrow front surface of the solar module adjacent to the first edge of the solar module and is not wider than about 1 centimeter measured vertically on the first edge of the solar module.

0 2a. solar module according to 1a; where part of the first elastic electrical interconnection extends around the end of a first supercell closest to the first edge of the solar module; and behind the first supercell.

8. Solar module according to gall 1a; Wherein the first flexible interconnection comprises a thin barb attached conductively to the terminal contact of the front surface of the first supercell and a thicker portion extending parallel to the first edge of the solar module. 4. The solar module according to clause 1 where the first flexible interconnection includes ea Sharbaty

Thin conductively attached to the terminal contact of the front surface of the first supercell (Sas) with a coiled band running parallel to the first edge of the solar module. 5a. solar module according to df] wherein a second row of supercells comprises a second supercell arranged with its terminal contact with a front surface adjacent to and parallel to the first edge of the solar module; The terminal contact of the anterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact

0 front surface of the second supercell by means of the first elastic electrical interconnection. 6 a. solar module according to oJ] where the terminal contact of a rear surface of the first supercell is adjacent to and parallel to a second edge of the solar module opposite the first edge of the solar module; It has a second flexible electrical interconnect that is longitudinal and runs parallel to the second edge of the solar module; It is conductively attached to the terminal contact of the posterior surface of the supercell

5 first »; It is located entirely behind the supercells. 7a. Solar Module in accordance with 6a where: A second row of super WAY comprises a second super cell arranged with its terminal contacting a front surface adjacent to and parallel to the first edge of the solar module and its terminal contacting a rear surface adjacent to and parallel to the second edge of the solar module;

0 the terminal contact of the anterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of the anterior surface of the second supercell by means of the first elastic electrical interconnection; The terminal contact of a posterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of the als surface of the second supercell by means of the second electrical elastic interconnection.

8a. The solar module according to clause [of] comprising: a second supercell arranged in the first row of supercells in series with the first supercell and with its terminal contacting a back surface next to a second edge of the solar module opposite the first edge of the solar module; And

a second flexible electrical interconnection that is longitudinal and runs parallel to the second edge of the solar module; It is conductively attached to the terminal contact of a posterior surface of the first supercell; It is located entirely behind the supercells.

9. The solar module according to paragraph 8a where: a second row of supercells includes a third supercell and a fourth supercell arranged in series with 0 terminal contacts of a front surface of the third supercell adjacent to the first edge of the solar module and terminal contacts of a rear surface of the fourth supercell adjacent to the second edge of the module solar; The terminal contact of the anterior surface of the first supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of the anterior surface of the third supercell by means of the first flexible electrical interconnection and the terminal contact of a posterior surface of the second supercell is electrically connected to the terminal contact of the posterior surface 5 of the fourth supercell by means of the second electrically flexible interconnection . 0. The solar module according to paragraph [of] where, away from the outer edges of the solar module, there are no electrical interconnections between the super cells that reduce the active area of the front surface of the module. 1. The solar module according to clause TT, where at least one pair of supercells is arranged on the same 0 line on the same terminal contacting line of the back surface of one pair of supercells adjacent 2. The solar module according to clause 11 where:

At least one pair of supercells is arranged in the same line on the same line next to each other

Two supercells have terminal contacts of opposite polarity;

The ends of a pair of adjacent supercells overlap; And

Supercells in a pair of supercells are electrically connected on a Mall by means of a flexible interconnection that is confined to their staggered ends and does not shade the front surface.

3. The solar module according to [of] where the supercells are arranged on a white background chip

It includes parallel dark slices that have the places and width values corresponding to the places and width values of the spaces in between

parallel rows of supercells; The white parts of the background chips will not be visible from

through the spaces between the rows.

0 114. The solar module according to 1a; All parts of the first flexible electrical interconnect that lie on the front surface of the solar module are covered or tinted to reduce visual contrast with the supercells.

5. The solar module according to paragraph [of] where: Each silicon solar cell includes:

5 1 front or back surfaces of rectangular or rectangular shape to an extent defined by the first and second parallel sides set oppositely and two short sides set oppositely; At least parts of the front surfaces are exposed to sunlight while the solar cell series is in operation; Metallization pattern Metallization An electrically conductive front surface placed on the front f surface

and having a set of fingers extending perpendicular to the long sides and a set of distinct front surface contact pads placed in a row adjacent to the first long side; Each gasket in contact with a front surface is electrically connected to at least one of the fingers; And

Distinctive rear surface contact gaskets lined up next to the second long side; Within each supercell, the silicon solar cells are arranged in line with the first and second long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping so that the corresponding distinct front surface contact gaskets and distinct back surface contact gaskets are on the cells.

adjacent silicon solar panels aligned; overlapping; They are linked conductively with each other with a bonding material for a conductive adhesive to electrically connect the solar cells, made of silicon, in series. 6. Solar module sill dg 115 where the metallization pattern of the front surface of each silicon solar cell includes a set of thin electrically interconnecting conductors next to the gaskets

0 1 Distinctive front surface contacts f Each thin conductor is thinner than the width of the discrete contact gaskets measured perpendicular to the long sides of the solar cell. 7. The solar module according to clause 15 wherein the binder of the adhesive, Alia gall, is limited to a large extent by the locations of the front surface contact gaskets having the features of the front surface metallization pattern forming barriers around each distinct front surface contact gasket.

5 118. The solar module in accordance with clause 15) wherein the binder of the conductive adhesive is limited to a large extent by the locations of the back surface contact gaskets which have the characteristic back surface metallization pattern forming barriers around each distinct back surface contact gasket. 9. The solar module according to clause 15) Where the distinct rear surface contact gaskets, the rear surface contact gaskets are of silver, and in fac, the distinct rear surface contact gaskets are of silver

0 The metallization pattern of the back surface of each silicon solar cell does not include a silver contact when made of silicon. 20 . Solar unit includes:

The silicon is arranged in line with the terminal parts of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series;

Where each silicon solar cell comprises: Front or back surfaces are rectangular or rectangular to an extent defined by the first and second parallel long sides placed oppositely and two short sides placed oppositely. At least parts of the front surfaces are exposed to sunlight during operation. solar cell series;

0 metallization pattern of an electrically conductive front surface placed on the front surface comprising a set of fingers extending perpendicular to the long sides and a set of distinctive front surface contact gaskets placed in a row adjacent to the first long side; Each gasket contacting a front surface is electrically connected to at least one of the fingers; And

5 distinct rear surface contact gaskets arranged in a row adjacent to the second long side; wherein within each supercell the silicon solar cells are arranged inline with the first and second long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping so that the corresponding distinct front surface contact gaskets and distinct back surface contact gaskets on adjacent silicon solar cells are aligned; overlapping; connected in a conductive way to each other

sale 0 conductive adhesive bond for electrically connecting silicon solar cells in series; And where the super cells are arranged in one row or in two or AST parallel rows to a large extent that cover the length or width of the solar module to form a front surface of the solar module that is required to be illuminated by solar radiation during the operation of the solar module.

L121 solar module according to sll 20) where the distinct back surface contact gaskets the back surface contact gaskets are silver and in fac the distinct back surface contact gaskets are silver The metallization pattern of the back surface of each silicon solar cell does not include silver contacts when made of silicon.2). The solar module according to clause 120) where the metallization pattern of the front surface of each silicon solar cell includes a group of thin conductors for electrical interconnection next to the distinct front surface contact gaskets f and each thin conductor is thinner than the width of the distinguished contact gaskets measured vertically on the long sides of the Solar cells 0 123. The solar module in accordance with clause 20) wherein the conductive adhesive binder is largely defined by the locations of the front surface contact gaskets which have the features of the front surface metallization pattern forming barriers around each distinct front surface contact gasket. 4. The solar module according to For Paragraph 120) wherein the binder of the conductive adhesive is limited to a large extent by the locations of the back surface contact gaskets having the characteristic back surface metallization pattern forming barriers around each distinct back surface contact gasket. 5. The super cell includes: an array of silicon solar cells including each: front or back surfaces oblong or rectangular to an extent repeated in shapes delineated by the first and second long parallel sides set oppositely, and two short sides set towards 0 opposite »; At least parts of the front surfaces are exposed to sunlight while the solar cell series is in operation; Metallization pattern, an electrically conductive front surface placed on the front surface, J, and includes a set of fingers extending perpendicular to the long sides, and a set of distinctive contact gaskets

for the front surface laid in a row adjacent to the first long side; Each gasket contacting a front surface is electrically connected to at least one of the fingers; The distinct silver rear surface contact gaskets are arranged in a row next to the long side

the second; wherein the silicon solar cells are arranged in line with the first and second long sides of the adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping so that the corresponding distinct front surface contact gaskets and the distinct back surface contact gaskets on the adjacent silicon solar cells are aligned; overlapping; Connectively linked to each other with a bonding substance

0 adhesive tape to electrically connect silicon solar cells in series.

6. The solar module according to paragraph 25, where the distinct back surface contact gaskets, the back surface contact gaskets are silver, and in fac, the distinct back surface contact gaskets are silver. The back surface metallization pattern of each silicon solar cell does not include silver contacts at

5 of silicone.

7. The series of solar cells according to clause 125, where the pattern of metallization of the front surface includes a group of thin conductors for electrical interconnection next to the front surface contact gaskets (Bacall), and each thin conductor is thinner than the width of the distinct contact gaskets measured vertically on the long sides of the solar cells.

0 128. Series of solar cells according to clause 025) wherein the binder of the conductive adhesive is substantially limited by the locations of the front surface contact gaskets having the characteristic front surface metallization pattern forming barriers around each distinct front surface contact gasket.

L129 series of solar cells according to clause 125) where the binder of the conductive adhesive is

Significantly defined by the locations of the rear surface contact gaskets which have the characteristics of a surface metallization pattern

rear panels that form barriers around each gasket that contact the distinct rear surface.

0. Solar cell series according to clause 25 wherein the binder of the conductive adhesive has a glass transition degree less than or equal to about 0 m.

1. method of manufacturing a solar module; The method includes:

The silicon rectangles are arranged on the same line so that the end parts are on long sides

of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped in a roofing manner;

0 Ripening of an electrically conductive bonding material placed between the overlapping peripheral parts of the adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells by applying heat and pressing the dill cells, then connecting the adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connecting them electrically in series; Arrangement and interconnection of supercells in the form of a coated solar module in a stacking of layers comprising

15 envelopes; Applying heat and pressure on the agglutination of the layers to form a lamellar structure.

2. The method according to clause 31 comprises ripening or partially curing the electrically conductive binder by applying heat and pressure to the supercells prior to applying heat and pressure to an agglutination of layers to form a laminated structure; Then the formation of mature cells or

0 partially matured ultramarine as a direct product prior to lamellar formation.

3. Method according to clause 132) where each additional rectangular silicon solar cell is added to the supercell during assembly of the supercell; the electrically conductive adhesive between

Re-added Solar Cell and Adjacent Overlapping The solar cell is ripened or partially matured before another rectangular silicon solar cell is added to the supercell. 4. The method according to Clause 132) includes the ripening or Lia ripening of all electrically conductive binders in the supercell in the same step.

35a. lag method for 32a; They include: maturation of the electrically conductive binder Lia by applying heat and pressure to supercells prior to applying heat and pressure to agglutinate the layers to form a lamellar structure; then the formation of partially mature supercells as a direct product prior to the formation of the lamellar structure; And completing the maturation of the electrically conductive binder while applying heat and pressure to stack the layers

0 to form the lamellar structure.

6. The method according to Clause 31 comprises the ripening of the electrically conductive binder by applying heat and pressure to an agglutination of layers to form a lamellar structure; Without the formation of mature or partially super mature cells as a direct product prior to the formation of the lamellar structure.

7 . The method according to Paragraph 31 includes dicing one or more solar cells from

5 Silicon into rectangular shapes to provide rectangular silicon solar cells.

8. The method according to clause 137 comprises applying electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or ST of silicon solar cells before dicing one or more silicon solar cells to provide rectangular silicon solar cells with electrically conductive adhesive pre-applied.

0 39a. The method according to Clause 38 comprises applying an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more silicon solar cells; They then use a laser to copy one or more lines onto each one or more of the silicon solar cells; Then bisect one or more of the silicone solar LAY's along the scratched lines.

0. The method according to Clause 38 comprises the use of a laser to copy one or more lines on each one or more silicon solar cells”; and then apply the electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more of the silicon solar cells; He then bisected one or more silicon solar cells along the scratched lines.

41a. the method in accordance with clause 38 whereby the electrically conductive adhesive bonding material is applied to the upper surface of each of one or more silicon solar cells nor is it opposing to the lower surface of each of one or more silicon solar cells; It involves applying vacuum pressure between the bottom surfaces of one or more silicon solar cells and a Mohs support surface to bend one or more silicon solar cells against the arched support surface and thereby

Slit one or more silicon solar cells along the graph lines. 2. The method according to Paragraph 37 includes placing electrically conductive adhesive bonding material on rectangular silicon solar cells after dicing one or SST of silicon solar cells to provide rectangular silicon solar cells. 3 . The method is in accordance with paragraph 31 wherein the binder of the conductive adhesive has a glass transition temperature 5 of less than or equal to about 0°C. 4. Supercell manufacturing method. The method includes: laser copying of one or ge AST graph lines on each one or more silicon solar cells to define a set of rectangular regions on the silicon solar cells; apply an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more scratched Silicon 0 solar cells at one or more locations adjacent to the long side of each rectangular area; Separation of the silicon solar cells along the schematic lines to provide an array of rectangular silicon solar cells each comprising a portion of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed on its front surface next to a long side;

Arrangement of an array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped in a capped manner with a portion of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material Lad placed between; maturation of the electrically conductive binder; Then connect the adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connect them electrically in series. 5 . Supercell manufacturing method. The method includes: laser copying of one or more graph lines on each one or more of the silicon solar cells to identify “de gene” of rectangular areas on the silicon solar cells” every 0 and applying electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to portions of the top surfaces for one or more silicon solar LIA; Applying vacuum pressure between the bottom surfaces of one or more silicon solar cells and a Mohs support surface to bend one or more of the silicon solar cells against the arched support surface and then slit one or more of the silicon solar cells along the 5 graph lines to provide an array of solar cells Rectangular silicon solar cells each including an eda of ribbon material arranging a group of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped in a roofing manner with a portion of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed between; And 0 is the maturation of the electrically conductive binder, then connecting the adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connecting them electrically, respectively. 6. Supercell manufacturing method; The method includes:

cube one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form an array of rectangular silicon solar cells each having substantially the same length along its longitudinal axis; Arrangement of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with the long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapping and connected conductively to each other to electrically connect the solar cells in a row; Wherein an array of rectangular silicon solar cells comprises at least one rectangular solar cell having two corresponding beveled corners or on shal corners of a sham-shaped wafer; one or more rectangular 0 silicon solar cells each lacking beveled corners; And where the spacing between the parallel lines, along which the pseudo-square wafer is cubed, is chosen for the equation for the beveled corners, so that the width perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rectangular silicon solar cells that include the beveled corners is greater than the width perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rectangular silicon solar cells which lack beveled corners; 5 so that each of the array of rectangular silicon solar cells in the series of solar cells has a front surface of the same area substantially exposed to light in the operation of the WAY series solar. 7. The supercell includes: a group of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal parts of adjacent solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the 0 solar cells in series; where at least one of the silicon solar cells has beveled corners corresponding to the corners or parts of the corners from a pseudo-square silicon wafer from which it has been cut into cilia where at least one of the silicon solar cells lacks beveled corners;

Each of the silicon solar cells has substantially the same front surface area exposed to light during solar cell series operation. 8. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TWO OR MORE SUPER WAY. The method includes: dicing one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells comprising beveled corners corresponding to the corners or portions of the corners, pseudo-quartz silicon wafers and a second set Many rectangular silicon solar cells each have a first length that covers the full width of pseudo-square silicon wafers and lack chamfered corners; removing beveled corners from each of a first set of rectangular silicon 0 solar cells to create a third set of rectangular silicon solar cells each with a second length shorter than the first and lacking chamfered corners; Arrangement of a second array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect a second array of rectangular silicon solar cells 5 in a row to form a solar cell chain of width equal to the length the first; Arranging a third group of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with the long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapping and connected conductively to each other to electrically connect a third group of rectangular silicon solar cells in a row to form a solar cell chain that has a width equal to the length the second. 0 49a. method of making two or more super WAYs; The method includes: dicing one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form a first array of rectangular silicon solar cells having beveled corners corresponding to the corners or parts of the corners

The pseudo-shape and a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells lack the beveled corners; arrange a first array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect a first array of rectangular silicon solar cells electrically in series; Arranging a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells 0 in series. 150. A solar module comprising: an average breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts WAY solar assembled in one or more supercells each comprising two or more solar cells arranged in line 5 with long sides of adjacent solar cells interleaved and linked conductively with each other with an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive; Where no solar cell or one group of < no solar cells in series of solar cells is individually electrically connected in parallel with a branching diode. 1. The solar module Tg of 50a; where not greater than or equal to 30. 0 52 a. solar module in accordance with clause 50a; where N is greater than or equal to 50. 3a. solar module in accordance with clause 50a; where it is not greater than or equal to 100.

4A. the solar module in accordance with clause 50a; Where the adhesive forms bonds between adjacent solar WIAs having a thickness perpendicular to the solar cells less than or equal to about 0.1 mm and a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cells greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/m/k. a. The solar module is in accordance with clause 150 where the solar WAY is assembled into a single super cell 5. 6 a. solar module in accordance with clause 50a; The WIA solar cells are silicon solar cells. 57 0 solar modules comprising: the supercell that covers substantially the entire length or breadth of the solar module parallel to the 0 solar module edge; The supercell comprises a series connected series of WIA N rectangular or more or less rectangular solar panels having an average breakdown voltage greater than about 10 V arranged in line with long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other with a material electrically and thermally conductive adhesive; Where a solar cell or a single group of <N solar cells in a supercell is not electrically connected 5 individually in parallel with a branching diode. 8a. solar module in accordance with clause 57a; Gua No > 24. 9 a. solar module in accordance with clause 57a; Where the supercell has a length in the direction of current flow of at least about 500 mm. 0 a. The supercell comprises: 0 array of silicon solar cells each comprising: rectangular or nearly rectangular front or back surfaces defined by oppositely positioned first and second parallel long sides and two oppositely positioned short sides

opposite » at least parts of the front surfaces are exposed to sunlight during the operation of the solar cell series; at least one front surface placed adjacent to the first long side; And

Electro-hase back surface metallization pattern placed on the rear surface and comprising at least one back surface contact gasket positioned adjacent to the second long side; Wherein the silicon solar cells are arranged in line with the first and second long sides of the adjacent silicon staggered solar cells and such that the front and back surface contact gaskets on the adjacent silicon staggered solar WAY are symmetrically bonded

0 connect to each other soley bond salad A conductive adhesive to electrically connect silicon solar cells in series; Whereas, the metallization pattern of the front surface of each silicon solar cell includes a barrier primed to significantly determine the conductive adhesive binder of at least one front surface contact gasket prior to maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication.

5 61 a. The supercell according to 60a » where for each pair of adjacent, overlapping solar WAYs of silicon; The diaphragm on the front surface of one silicon solar cell is an overlapping and discreet gia of another silicon solar cell; It then largely determines the conductive adhesive binder for the overlapping regions of the front surface of the silicon solar cell prior to the maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication.

0 62 1. The supercell according to clause 60a » where the bulkhead comprises a continuous conductive line running parallel to and for the substantially full length of the first long side; With at least one front surface contact gasket present between the continuous conductive line and the first long side of the solar cell.

3a. supercell in accordance with 62a; Wherein the front surface metallization pattern comprises electrically connected fingers of two gaskets contacting at least one front surface and extending perpendicular to the first long side; and a continuous conductive line electrically interconnected to the fingers to provide several conductive paths from each finger of the pads in contact with at least one front surface.

64a. supercell in accordance with clause 60a; wherein the front surface metallization pattern comprises a set of distinct contact gaskets arranged in a row adjacent to and parallel to the first long side; The barrier includes a set of features that form separate barriers for each distinct contact gasket that largely determines the conductive adhesive binder to the distinct contact gaskets prior to maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication.

0 65 a. Gay supercell of 64a; Separate baffles buttress and are longer than their corresponding premium contact gaskets. 6 a. The supercell comprises: an array of silicon solar cells each comprising: front or back surfaces that are rectangular or oblong to an extent that repeats shapes defined by the long sides

5 first and second parallelepiped parallelepipeds and two short sideopposite sides» At least parts of the front surfaces shall be exposed to sunlight during operation of the solar cell series; at least one front surface placed adjacent to the first long side; and at least one rear deck placed adjacent to the second long side; Where the silicon solar cells are arranged in line with the first and second long sides of the adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and so that the gaskets are in contact with the surface

The front and rear on the adjacent solar WAY are interlaced silicon and conductively bonded to each other with a conductive adhesive binder to electrically connect the silicon solar cells respectively; And where the pattern of metallization of the back surface of each silicon solar cell includes a bee barrier to determine to a large extent the bonding material of the conductive adhesive to the single back surface contact gaskets

At least prior to the maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication. 7a. supercell according to yal 66a; Wherein the back surface metallurgy pattern comprises one or more distinct contact gaskets arranged in a row adjacent to and parallel to the second long side; The barrier includes a set of features that form separate barriers for each distinct contact gasket

0 by far the conductive adhesive binder to the distinct contact gaskets prior to the maturation of the conductive adhesive binder during supercell fabrication. 68a. supercell in accordance with 67a; Separate baffles buttress and are longer than their corresponding premium contact gaskets. 9a. The manufacturing method is a series of solar cells; The method includes:

5 cube one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form an array of rectangular silicon solar cells each having substantially the same length along its longitudinal axis; Arranging the rectangular silicon solar cells in line with the long sides of adjacent solar cells overlapping and connected conductively to each other to connect the solar cells electrically.

0 respectively; Wherein a group of rectangular silicon solar cells includes at least one rectangular solar cell having two corresponding beveled corners or on a shal

from the corners of the awful-looking dummy wafer; one or more rectangular silicon solar cells each lacking beveled corners; And where the spacing is selected between the parallel lines, along which the pseudo-square wafer is cubed to be equal to the beveled corners, so that the width is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the solar cells.

rectangular silicon solar cells that have beveled corners are greater than the width perpendicular to the longitudinal axis than rectangular silicon solar cells that lack beveled corners; So that each array of rectangular silicon solar cells in a solar cell series has a front surface area of substantially the same exposure to light in a solar cell series operation. 0 a. A series of solar cells including:

0 A group of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal parts of adjacent solar cells overlapping and connected conductively to each other to electrically connect the solar cells in series; Where at least one of the silicon solar cells has beveled corners that correspond to the corners or portions of the corners of the pseudo-square silicon wafer from which it has been cut into

5 Cubes » Cua At least one of the silicon solar cells lacks beveled corners; Each of the silicon solar cells has substantially the same front surface area exposed to light during solar cell series operation.

1 a. method of manufacturing two or more strings of solar cells; The method involves: dicing one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of parallel lines

0 to a long edge of each wafer to form a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells comprising the beveled corners corresponding to the corners or parts of the corners of the pseudo-shaped silicon wafers and a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells each having a first length that covers the entire width of the square silicon wafers pseudo-shape and lack chamfered corners;

remove the beveled corners from each of a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells to create a third set of WAN rectangular silicon solar cells each with a second length shorter than the first and lacking chamfered corners; 5 Arrange a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other for electrical connection. A second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series to form a solar cell chain of equal width first length; Arranging a third group of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with the long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapping and connected conductively 0 to each other to electrically connect a third group of rectangular silicon solar cells in a row to form a solar cell chain that has a width equal to The second length. 2a. method of manufacturing two or more strings of solar cells; The method comprises: dicing one or more pseudo-square silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of each wafer to form a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells comprising beveled corners corresponding to the corners or portions of the corners, pseudo-square silicon wafers and a second set Rectangular silicon solar cells lack beveled corners; Arrange a first set of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected 0 to each other (and) to electrically connect a first set of WAY rectangular silicon solar cells in series; and arrange a second array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with the long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected

to each other to electrically connect a second set of rectangular silicon solar cells in series. j 7 3 . Method for manufacturing a solar module The method includes: dicing each one of a group of pseudo-shape silicon wafers along a set of lines parallel to a long edge of the wafer to form from a group of pseudo-shape silicon wafers a group of rectangular silicon solar cells that have beveled corners Corresponding to the corners are awful pseudo-shaped silicon wafers and an array of rectangular silicon solar cells lacking the beveled corners; Arrangement of at least some rectangular silicon solar cells lacking beveled corners 0 to form a first set of supercells each comprising only rectangular silicon solar cells lacking beveled corners arranged inline with long sides of silicon solar cells overlapped and closely connected Connecting to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; Arrangement of at least some rectangular silicon solar cells comprising beveled corners 5 to form a second set of supercells each comprising only rectangular silicon solar cells comprising the beveled corners arranged in line with long sides of silicon solar cells overlapped and closely coupled Connecting to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; And the arrangement of supercells in parallel rows of supercells of length equal to a large extent to form a front surface of the solar module ¢ so that each row of supercells includes from a first group of supercells or supercells only from a group of 400 supercells. 4A. solar module in accordance with clause 73a; Where two rows of supercells adjacent to opposite parallel edges of the solar module contain only supercells from a second set of cells

superlative. All other parallel supercell rows of the solar module contain only the supercells from a first set of supercells. a. solar module in accordance with clause 74a; Where the solar module includes a total of six rows of supercells. 5 76 a. The supercell includes:

A group of silicon solar cells arranged in line in a first direction with the terminal parts of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; An elongated Ope electrical interconnection with its longitudinal axis oriented parallel to the ob vertical direction

0 in the first direction attached conductively to a front or back surface of one terminal silicon solar cell at three or more separate positions arranged along f in the second direction and running at least the entire width of the terminal solar cell in the second direction; having a conductive sheath of less than or equal to about 100 µm measured vertically on the front or back surface of the silicon terminal solar cell; Provides resistance to current flow in the second direction of less than or equal to about 0.012

5 ohms; It is prepared to provide flexibility that accommodates the differential expansion in the second direction between the terminal silicon solar cell and the interconnection for a temperature range ranging from about -40 C to about 85 C. 7. Supercell sll Gg 76 where the electrically elastic interconnection has a conductive thickness less than or equal to about 30 microns measured vertically on the front and back surfaces of the silicon terminal solar cell.

0 178. The supercell according to 76a; The elastic electrical interconnection extends beyond the supercell in the second direction to provide electrical interconnection to at least a second supercell placed parallel J and adjacent to the supercell in a solar module.

9. the supercell according to clause 76a; The elastic electrical interconnection extends beyond the supercell in the first direction to provide an electrical interconnection to a second supercell placed parallel to and in line with the supercell in a solar module. i180 . Solar unit includes:

A group of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows covering the width of the unit to form a front surface of the unit; Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the terminal sections of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series;

0 where at least one terminal of a first supercell adjacent to the unit edge in a first row is electrically connected to the terminal of a second supercell adjacent to the same unit edge in a second row by means of a flexible electrical interconnect attached to the front surface of the first supercell at a set of locations separated by a conductive adhesive bonding material electrically. running parallel to the edge of the unit; ong at least of which folds around the end of a first supercell and is obscured from view from the front of the unit.

5 81a. The solar module in accordance with Clause 180 where the flexible electrical interconnect surfaces on the front surface of the module are covered or colored to reduce visual contrast with supercells. 2). the solar module in accordance with Clause 80a; where two or more parallel rows of supercells are arranged on a white backing sheet to form a front surface of the solar module that is required to be illuminated by solar radiation while the module is in operation; The white backing chip includes chips

0 parallel dims having places and width values corresponding to places and width values of spaces between parallel rows of supercells; The white parts of the background chips are not visible through the spaces between the rows. 3). The manufacturing method is a series of solar cells; The method includes:

Laser copying of one or fe AST graph lines on each one or more silicon solar cells to identify de gene from the rectangular regions on the silicon solar cells; apply an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more scratched silicon solar cells at one or more locations adjacent to the long side of each rectangular area; Separation of the silicon solar cells along the schematic lines to provide an array of rectangular silicon solar cells each comprising a portion of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed on its front surface next to a long side; Arrangement of an array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped in a capped fashion with a portion of the sale bonding 0 1 electrically conductive adhesive placed between ¢ and ripening of the electrically conductive binder; Then connect the adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connect them electrically in series. 4). The manufacturing method is a series of solar cells; The method includes: Laser copying of one or more graph lines on each one or more of the 5 silicon solar cells to define a set of rectangular areas on each silicon solar WAY and applying electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to portions of the top surfaces of each one or more silicon solar cells; Applying vacuum pressure between the bottom surfaces of one or more silicon 0 solar cells and an arched support surface to bend one or more silicon solar cells against the arched support surface and then slit one or more silicon solar cells along the graph lines to provide an array of solar cells Rectangular silicone, each containing an EDA of ribbon

Arrangement of an array of rectangular silicon solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular silicon solar cells overlapped in a hooded manner with a portion of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material Lad placed between; maturation of the electrically conductive binder; Then connect the adjacent overlapping rectangular silicon solar cells to each other and connect them electrically in series. 185 The method according to clause 184 “involves applying an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to one or more silicon solar cells; This is the laser copying of one or more graph lines on each one or more silicon solar cells. 186 The method according to clause 84) includes laser copying one or more graph lines 0 on each one or more silicon solar cells” dang that is applying electrically conductive tape to one or AST of the silicon solar cells. [Lo] successor comprising: 1[b 0] device comprising: series connected in series of at least 25 solar cells connected in parallel to a common 5 branching diode” each solar cell having a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts and a group in The supercell comprises solar cells arranged with long sides of adjacent overlapping solar cells conductively bonded with adhesive. be greater than or equal to 50.0 Jp. device according to all 1[b where not greater than or equal to 100.0 kb. device according to clause 1b wherein the adhesive has a thickness Jif of or equal to cae 0.1 Mon and has Thermal conductivity greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/m/k.

cap. A device according to 1[b] in which the solar cells are assembled into a single supercell. 7b. A device according to sill 1[b] where the solar cells are not grouped in a supercell array on the same back surface. 8b. A device according to 1b wherein the solar cells are silicon solar cells. 9b. A device according to class i] in which the supercell has a length in the direction of current flow of at least

about 500 mm. 0b. A device according to clause 1b wherein the solar cell has a feature configured to determine the diffusion of the adhesive R0.1b. A device according to 10b where the attribute includes dan is raised.

0 12b. A device according to clause 10b where the feature includes metallization 3b. a device according to § 12b wherein the metallurgy comprises a line running the full length of the first long side; The apparatus also includes at least one contact gasket located between the line and the first long side. 4b. A device according to SAL 13b where:

(5) Metallization furthermore includes fingers electrically connected to at least one contact gasket and extending perpendicularly to the first long side; And interconnections of the connecting line of the fingers. 5b. Device according to all 10b where the feature is on the front side of the solar cell. 6b. A device according to section 10b where the feature is on the back side of the solar cell.

0 17b. A device according to 10b where the feature includes a recessed feature.

8b. A device according to clause 010 where the feature is masked by the solar cell adjacent to the supercell. 9b. a device according to [b wherein a first solar cell of the supercell has chamfered corners and a second solar cell of the supercell lacks chamfered corners; The first solar cell and the second solar cell have the same area exposed to light. 0b. an apparatus of accordance with paragraph 1[b] further comprising a flexible electrical interconnect having the longitudinal axis parallel to a second direction perpendicular to the first; The flexible electrical interconnect is conductively attached to the surface of the solar cell and accommodates the thermal expansion of the solar cell in two dimensions. 1b. A device of accordance with clause 20b wherein the flexible electrical interconnection has a thickness less than or equal to 0 of about 100 microns to provide a resistance of less than or equal to about 0.012 Ohm. 2b. An apparatus of § 20b wherein the deck includes a rear deck. 3b. A device of accordance with § 20b in which the elastic electrical interconnection is in contact with another supercell. 4b. A device in accordance with clause 23b wherein the other supercell is in consistency with the supercell. 5b. A device according to sul 23b in which the other supercell is adjacent to the supercell. 5 26b. A device according to § 20b wherein a first part of the interconnection flexes around an edge of the supercell and wherein the remaining second part of the interconnection is on a posterior side of the supercell. 7b. A device of accordance with paragraph 20b wherein the flexible electrical interconnect is electrically connected to a junction diode. 8b. a device according to [b wherein an array of supercells is arranged in two or more parallel rows on a back wafer to form a front surface solar module”; Wherein the posterior flake is white and includes opaque strips of location and width corresponding to the spaces between the supercells.

9b. lea according to 1b where the supercell comprises at least one pair of cell chains connected to the power management system. 0b. A device of accordance with 1b comprising also a power management device in electrical contact with the supercell and a device “J 5” to receive the output voltage of the supercell;

based on voltage; Determine if the solar cell is in reverse tilt; Separation of the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the supercell unit circuit. 1b. A device according to 1b in which the supercell is placed on a rear surface Jol to form a first unit having a top conductor strip on the first side facing the direction of the solar energy; The device is also included

0 on: another supercell placed on a second rear surface to form a second sang having an inferior banding on a second side facing away from the solar direction; Where the second unit overlaps and is attached to a part of the first unit that includes the upper bar. 2b. A device according to salt 31b where the second unit is attached to the first unit with an adhesive.

33b. A device according to SAL 31b where the second unit is linked to the first unit with a matching device. 4b. An apparatus of pursuant to paragraph 31b also comprising a junction box telescopic by the second unit. 5b. A device according to all 34b where the second unit is linked to the first unit with a matching device. 6b. A device in accordance with § 35B Cum The compatibility device is between the junction box and another junction box on the second unit.

0 37b. A device according to § 31b in which the first rear surface includes glass. 8b. A device according to gall 31b in which the first back surface comprises a material other than glass.

9b. lea according to clause 1b wherein the solar cell comprises a cut with a beveled part of a larger piece. 0b. A device in accordance with 39b cus The supercell further includes a GAT solar cell having beveled oda; Where the long side of the solar cell is in electrical contact with the side

the length of the other solar cell that has a similar length. 1c1. A method comprising: a supercell configuration comprising a series connected series of at least 25 <N solar cells on the same back surface; Each solar cell has a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts and is arranged in long strands of adjacent solar cells overlapping and conductively bonded with a material

0 adhesive; Each supercell is connected at most to a single branching diode of 2g. method according to clause 1C1 where it is not greater than or equal to 30. 3C. method according to clause 1C1 where it is not greater than or equal to 50. 4C. method according to clause 1c1 where it is not greater than or equal to 100.

5 5c1. a method according to § 1C1 where the adhesive has a thickness of less than or equal to about 0.1 mm; It has a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/m/k. 6 mg. Method according to 1c1 where the WA solar cells are silicon solar cells. 7 c. A method according to § 1c1 wherein the supercell has a length in the downstream direction of at least about 500 mm.

0 8c1. a method according to § 1c1 wherein a first solar cell of the supercell has chamfered corners and a second solar cell of the supercell lacks chamfered corners; The first solar cell and the second solar cell have the same area exposed to light.

9 c. A method according to paragraph 1c1 also includes determination of the spread of the adhesive using a characteristic of 00g. A method according to Clause 9C1 where the tag includes a superscript tag. 1 c. method according to § 9C1 where the feature includes metallurgy. 12 c 1. A method according to § 11c1 where metallization includes a line extending the full length of the first long side and at least one contact gasket present between the line and the first long side. 3c. method according to § 1212 wherein: metallization furthermore comprises fingers electrically connected to at least one contact gasket extending perpendicularly to the first long side; And 0 interconnections for the conductive line of the fingers. 1714 method according to clause 9c1 where the feature is on the front side of the solar cell. 5 c. Method according to 9c1 where the feature is on the back side of the solar cell. 1216 method according to 9C1 where the notch includes a hollow notch. 7h. A method according to clause 9c1 wherein the feature is masked by the solar cell adjacent to the 5 supercell. 8 c. Gg's method of § 1c1 also involves the formation of another supercell on the same posterior surface. 9 c. A method according to clause 1c1 also comprising: conductively bonding to the surface of the solar cell; A flexible electrical interconnect having the longitudinal axis 0 parallel to a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; And making the flexible electrical interconnection accommodate the thermal expansion of the solar cell in two dimensions

0 c. A method according to § 19C1 wherein the flexible electrical interconnect has a thickness of less than or equal to about 100 microns to provide a resistance of less than or equal to about 0.012 Ohm. 1h. Method according to § 19c1 where the surface includes a back surface. 2c. A method according to § 19c1 further comprising the contact of another supercell with elastic electrical interconnection. 3c. A method according to clause 1222 whereby the other supercell is consistent with the supercell. 4c. A method according to § 22C1 in which the other supercell is adjacent to the supercell. 5 c. A method according to § 19c1 also includes folding a first gia of the interconnection around an edge of the supercell with the remaining second interconnection portion being on a posterior side of the supercell. 0 26 J1. A method according to clause 19C1 also includes electrically connecting the flexible electrical interconnect to a branching diode. 7 c. A method according to clause 1c1 further comprising: Arrangement of a group of supercells in two or more parallel rows on the same rear surface to form a front surface solar module » wherein the back sheet is white and includes 5 opaque slats of position and width corresponding to the spaces between the supercells. 8 c. A method according to § 1c1 also includes the connection of at least one pair of cell duds to the power management system. 9 c. A method according to clause 1c1 also comprising: electrically connecting the power management device to the supercell; 0 Make the power management device receive supercell voltage output; based on voltage; das is a power management device that determines whether the solar cell is in reverse tilt; And

Have the power management device disconnect the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the 0c supercell unit circuit. A method according to § 1c1 whereby the supercell is placed on the rear surface to form a first unit having an upper conductive strip on the first side facing the solar direction; The method also includes: placing another supercell on another back surface to form a second unit having a bottom band on a second side

facing away from the solar direction; Where the second unit overlaps and is attached to a part of the first unit that includes the upper bar. 1 c. A method according to Clause 30C1 whereby the second unit is attached to the first unit with an adhesive. 2c. A method according to Clause 30C1 whereby the second unit is linked to the first unit with a matching device.

0 33 J1. A method according to Clause 30c1 also includes the overlapping of a junction box with the second unit. 4c. A method according to Paragraph 33C1 whereby the second unit is linked to the first unit with a matching device. 5 c. A method according to Clause 34c1 Cum the matching equipment is between the junction box and another junction box on the second unit. 6 c. Method according to § 30C1 where the back surface includes glass.

5 37c1. A method according to § 30C1 wherein the back surface includes a gal material other than glass. 8 c. A method according to clause 30C1 also comprising: electrically connecting a relay switch in series between the first unit and the second unit; Sensing the output voltage of the first unit by means of the Controller; And the operation of the relay switch with a control means that the output voltage drops below the limit.

9 c. A method according to clause 1c1 wherein the solar cell comprises a cut with a beveled part of a larger piece. 0 c. A method according to § 39c1 wherein the supercell construction comprises placing the long side of the solar cell in electrical contact with the long side of the same length as another solar cell having a 5 beveled.

2z1 device comprising: a solar module comprising a front surface comprising a series-connected first string of at least 9 solar cells assembled in a long Colgan-order supercell of adjacent solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded with adhesive; And

0 A snap-on connector electrically connected to a rear surface contact of the first supercell to provide a discreet outlet to an electrical component. 2c. Device in accordance with 1C2 Cua electrical component comprising a relief diode. 3c. Device according to sll 2c2 where the branching diode is located on the back surface of the solar module.

5 4 J2. The all Wy 3c2 where the branch diode is located outside of a junction box. 5 c. Device according to sll 4c2 Cus junction box includes one terminal. 6 c. A device according to 3c2 whereby the branching diode is placed near the edge of the solar module. 7 c. Device in accordance with 2c2 Cus The branching diode is enclosed in a lamellar structure

Jaminate structure 0 8 c. Apparatus according to sell 7c2 in which the calis is the first supercell within the lamellar structure.

9 c. A device according to 2C2 in which the branching diode is placed around the circumference of the solar module. 22710 Device according to 1C2 where the electrical component includes a junction box Bang terminal; Power Management System Smart Switch Relay “Voltage Sensing Control Means Central Microtransformer DCJAC” or Power Enhancer Module 06/86.

11c2. A device according to sll 1c1 where the electrical component is located on the back surface of the solar module. 2c. A device according to clause 1c1 wherein the solar unit furthermore comprises a second series in series of at least 19 solar cells assembled in a second supercell having a first terminal electrically connected in series to the first supercell.

2213 device in accordance with clause 12C2 wherein the second supercell is interlocked and electrically connected in 0 series to the first supercell with a conductive adhesive. 2714 device in accordance with paragraph 12C2 where the back surface contact is located away from the first end. 2715 A device in accordance with 12C2 also includes a flexible interconnection between the first terminal and the first super cell. 2216 Device according to clause 15C2 where the flexible interconnection Lad extends beyond the side edges 5 The first and second supercells to electrically connect the first and second supercells in parallel with another supercell. 7. A device according to 1C2 where the adhesive has a thickness of less than or equal to about 0.1 mm; It has a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/m/k. 2718 devices according to 1C2 where the solar cells are silicon solar cells with a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts. 9 c. A device according to clause 271 in which the first supercell has a length downstream of at least about 500 mm.

0 c. A device according to clause 1C2 wherein the solar cell of the first supercell includes a feature configured to determine the diffusion of the adhesive material. 1 c. lea according to clause 20c2 where the tag includes a superscripted tag. 2c. A device according to clause 21C2 where the feature includes metallization 5 23C2. a device according to § 22c2 wherein the metallurgy comprises a conducting line running the full length of the first long side; The device also includes at least one contact gasket located between Lal and the first long side. 2724 apparatus according to clause 23C2 where: metallization furthermore comprises electrically connected fingers with at least one contact gasket 0 1 extending vertically on the long side f of the first ¢ and interconnections of the conductive line of the fingers. 5 c. A device according to Clause 20C2 where the feature is on the front side of the solar cell. 6. A device according to Clause 20C2 where the feature is on the back side of the solar cell. 7. The ly device of 20c2 where the attribute includes hollow daw. 28 c 2. A device according to clause 20c2 wherein the feature is masked by the solar cell adjacent to the first supercell. 9 c. A device according to clause 1c2 wherein the first superlative Lal solar cell has a beveled a. 0 c. a device according to clause 29c2 wherein the first supercell additionally includes another 0 solar cell having a beveled gia; And where the long side of the solar cell is in electrical contact with the long side of the other solar cell that has a similar length.

1. A device according to clause 29c2 wherein the first super cell additionally includes another solar cell lacking “chamfered corners” and the solar cell and the other solar cell have the same area exposed to light. 2. A device according to Clause 1c2 wherein: the first supercell is arranged with a second supercell in parallel rows on a front surface back wafer; The back sheet is white and includes opaque bands of the location and width corresponding to the spaces between the first supercell and the second supercell. 3c. A device according to spall 1c2 where the first supercell has at least one pair of LAN chains connected to the power management system. 4. The device sll Wy 1c2 further comprises the power management device in electrical connection with the first supercell and is equipped to; receiving output voltage of the first supercell; based on voltage; Determine whether the solar cell of the first supercell is in reverse tilt; and 5 detach the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the super cell unit circuit. 5. A device according to Clause 34C2 where the power management device includes a relay. 6. A device according to Clause 1C2 whereby the first supercell is placed on a first rear surface to form a unit with an upper conductor strapping on the first side facing the direction of the solar energy; The device further comprises: another supercell placed on a second rear surface to form a different unit that has lower days on a second side facing away from the solar direction;

Gus The different unit overlaps and is attached to the part of the unit that includes the top bar. 7. A device in accordance with § 36C2 Cus The different unit is attached to the unit with adhesive. 8 c. A device according to yall 36c2 where the different unit is connected to the unit with a matching device. 29 0 Device according to clause 26 The EIS includes a junction box interlocked by the different unit. 0 c. A device according to Clause 39C2 where the different unit is connected to the unit with a matching equipment between the junction box and another junction box on a different solar unit. 1c3. Apparatus comprising: a first supercell mounted on a front surface solar module comprising an array of 0 solar cells; Each has a breakdown voltage of more than about 10 volts; A first strip conductor electrically connected to a rear surface contact of the first supercell to provide a discreet first outlet to an electrical component; A second super cell is located on the solar module front surface and includes an array of 5 solar cells; Each has a breakdown voltage of more than about 10 volts; A second tape conductor is electrically connected to a rear surface contact of the second supercell to provide a second discreet outlet. 2c. A device according to 1C3 in which the electrical component comprises a relief diode. 0 3c3. Wy device of 2c3 where the branching diode is located on the back surface of a solar module. 34 . A device according to Clause 33 where the Sul valve is located outside a junction box.

5 c. A device according to all 4c3 wherein the junction box comprises a single terminal. 6 c. A device according to § 3c3 in which the branching diode is located close to the edge of unit 7c. A device according to 2C3 in which the bypass diode is enclosed in a lamellar structure. 8c3. Device according to sell 7c3 in which the first supercell is encapsulated within the lamellar structure.

9 c. A device according to 8c3 whereby the branching diode is placed around the circumference of a solar module. 0 c. A device according to sul 1c3 in which the first supercell is connected in series with a second supercell. 1 c. A device according to Clause 10C3 Cus:

0 The first supercell and the second supercell form a first pair; In addition, the device includes two additional Super WANs in a second pair connected in parallel with a first pair. 2 pilgrimage. A device in accordance with SAL 10C3 in which the second discreet receptacle is connected to the electrical component.

5 13c3. A device according to 12C3 where the electrical component comprises a relief diode. 4c. A device according to clause 13c3 wherein the first supercell includes not less than 19 solar cells. 5 c. A device in accordance with Section 3212 in which the electrical component includes a power management system. 6 c. A device according to 1C3 where the electrical component includes a switch.

0 17c3. The gall Wy 16G3 also includes a voltage sensing control in contact with a switch.

8 c. A device according to 16C3 where the switch is in contact with a central transformer. 9 c. a device of accordance with paragraph 1c3 wherein the electrical component comprises a power drive device designed to receive the output voltage of the first supercell; sly on voltage; Determine whether the solar cell of the first supercell is in the reverse tilt; f Separation of the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the supercell unit circuit. 0 c. A device according to paragraph 1 in which the electrical component includes a transformer. 1 pilgrimage. A device according to paragraph 20C3, where the transformer includes an 86/06 microtransformer. 2c. A device according to Clause 1C3 where the electrical component comprises a solar module terminal. 3c. A device according to clause 3222 where the solar module terminal is a single solar module terminal 0 inside a junction box. 4h. A device according to 1C3 where the electrical component is located on the rear surface of a solar module. 5 c. A device according to § 1c3 in which the rear surface contact is located away from one end of the first supercell overlapping the second supercell. 6 c. A device according to sll 1c3 in which the first supercell has a downstream length of at least 5 about 500 mm. 17h. A device according to clause 1c3 wherein the solar cell of the first supercell includes a feature configured to determine the diffusion of the adhesive. 8 c. A device according to clause 27C3 where the attribute includes daw in the uppercase. 3229 ly device of 28C3 where the attribute includes metallurgy. 0 30 EGP 3. Wy device of 27C3 where the notch includes a hollow notch.

3231 device according to clause 27C3 where the feature is on the back side of the solar cell. 2 pilgrimage. Device according to sll 27c3 Cus The feature is masked by the solar cell adjacent to the first supercell. 3c. A device according to clause 1c3 wherein the solar cell of the first supercell has a 5 beveled a.

4c. A device according to clause 33c3 in which the first supercell additionally includes another solar cell having a beveled ola; Where the long side of the solar cell is in electrical contact with the long side of the other solar cell, which has a similar length. 5 c. A device according to § 33c3 in which the first supercell furthermore includes a cell

0 other umbrellas lack chamfer corners; The solar cell and the other solar cell have the same area exposed to light. 6. A device according to § 1c3 wherein: the first supercell is arranged with a second supercell in parallel rows on a front surface back wafer; And

The back wafer is white and includes opaque bands of the location and width corresponding to the spaces between the first supercell and the second supercell. 3737 device according to clause 321 where the first super cell is placed on a first rear surface to form a unit having days an upper conductor on a front surface of the unit facing the direction of the solar energy 3 The device also includes:

0 a third supercell placed on a second rear surface to form a different sang having a lower band on a second Gils facing away from the solar direction; Cus the different module is overlapped and gan is attached to the module which includes the top bar.

8 c. A device according to paragraph 37C3 whereby the different unit is attached to the unit with an adhesive material. 3z39 0 Paragraph 37 device The EIS has a junction box interlocked by the different unit. 0 c. A device according to Clause 39c3 Cus The different unit is connected to the unit with a matching device between the junction box and another junction box on the different unit. 1c4. Apparatus comprising: a solar module comprising a front surface that includes a chain-linked first-string of solar cells arrayed in a first supercell arranged with sides reaching adjacent solar cells that are overlapped and conductively bonded with adhesive; The solar cell surface characteristic is adapted to identify the adhesive. 2c. A device according to clause 1c4 wherein the surface feature of the solar cell includes a recessed feature. 3c. A device according to Clause 1C4 where the surface feature of the solar cell includes a raised feature. 4c. A device according to clause 3c4 in which the raised feature is on the front surface of the solar cell. 5c4. A device according to Clause 4C4 wherein the filed feature includes a metal pattern. 5 6c4. A device according to 5c4 wherein a metallic pattern comprising a conductive line extending parallel to and substantially along the long side of the solar cell. 7 c. An apparatus of accordance with 6c4 also comprising a contact gasket between the conductive line and the long side. 8 c. A device according to § 7c4 where: La 20 metal includes in addition a set of fingers ¢ and

The conductive line electrically interconnected to the fingers to provide multiple conductive paths from each finger to the contact pad. 9 c. Apparatus according to sill 7c4 also comprising a set of distinct contact gaskets arranged in a row adjacent to and parallel to the long side; Metallization pattern Configuration of a set of separate barriers to limit the non-adhesive material to the distinct contact gaskets. 0 c. Apparatus in accordance with § 8c4 Cus A set of separate baffles butting the corresponding discrete contact gaskets. 1 c. A device according to clause 8c4 in which a set of discrete baffles is longer than the corresponding distinct contact gaskets. 0 12c4. A device according to Clause 1C4 wherein the surface feature of the solar cell is not revealed by overlapping one side of another solar cell. 3c. Device according to spall 12c4 where the other solar cell is part of the supercell. 4214 device according to clause 12c4 where the other solar cell is eda from another super cell. 5 c. Device according to sll 3c4 in which the raised feature is on the back surface of the solar cell. 5 16c4. Wy device of 15c4 where the filed attribute includes a metal pattern. 4217 device according to clause 16C4 where the metallization pattern forms a set of separate barriers for fixing the adhesive to a set of distinct contact gaskets located on a front surface of another solar cell overlapped by the solar cell. 8 c. A device according to SAL 17C4 in which a set of separate baffles butt the corresponding marked 0 contact gaskets. 9 c. Wy device of 17C4 wherein a set of discrete baffles is longer than the corresponding discrete contact gaskets.

0 c. Wy device for 1c1 where every supercell solar cell has a breakdown voltage of 0 volts or greater. 1h. A device according to sll 121 in which the supercell has a length in the direction of current flow of at least about 500 mm.

22c4. A device according to clause 1c1 wherein the solar cell of the supercell has a beveled ga. 3c. a device according to clause 22c4 wherein the supercell additionally includes another solar cell having a beveled gia; And where the long side of the solar cell is in electrical contact with the long side of the other solar cell that has a similar length. 4c. A device according to clause 22C4 wherein the supercell additionally includes a solar cell

0 others lack chamfer corners; The solar cell and the other solar cell have the same area exposed to light. 5 c. A device according to Clause 1C4 in which the supercell is arranged with a second supercell on a front surface and a first rear surface foil to form a first unit. 6 c. Apparatus according to clause 25c4 wherein the back sheet is white and includes opaque strips 5 of the position and width corresponding to the spaces between the supercell and the second supercell. 7 pilgrimage. Device Gy of paragraph 25c 4 Cun The first unit shall have an upper conductive tape on the first unit a front surface facing the direction of the solar energy; The device also includes: a third supercell placed on a second rear surface to form a second module with lower days on the side of a second module facing away from solar energy; and 0 where the second unit overlaps and is attached to a part of the first unit that includes the upper bar. 8 c. A device according to paragraph 27C4 where the second unit is attached to the first unit with an adhesive material. 9 c. A 427-section EIS device comprising a junction box interlocked by the second unit.

0C.. A device according to Paragraph 29C4 where the second unit is linked to the first unit with a matching equipment between the junction box and the AT junction box on the second unit. 1 c. A device according to SAL 29C4 in which the junction box contains one terminal unit. 2c. A device according to paragraph 27C4 that also includes a switch between the first unit and the second unit. 33c4. The sll Wy 32c4 also includes a voltage sensing control in contact with a switch. 4. A device according to Clause 27C4 where the supercell includes not less than DAD ten solar cells connected separately electrically in parallel with a single branching diode. 5 c. A device according to § 34C4 in which a single bypass diode is placed near the edge of a first unit. 6 c. A device according to § 34C4 in which the single bypass diode is enclosed in a lamellar structure. 7h. ly apparatus of vertebra 36c4 in which the supercell is encapsulated within the lamellar structure. 8 c. A device according to § 34C4 in which a single branching diode is placed around the perimeter of a first unit. 5 39c4. A device in accordance with 25c4 Cus supercell and supercell II comprising a separately connected pair power management device. 0 c. device according to sll 25c4 also comprising a power management device Lge to receive the output voltage of the supercell; based on voltage; Determine whether the solar cell of the supercell is in reverse tilt; and 0 decoupling the solar cell in the inverse tilt of the supercell unit circuit. 1 c. Device includes:

A solar module comprising a front surface incorporating a series connected first string of silicon solar cells arrayed in a first supercell comprising a first silicon solar cell having chamfered corners arranged with an overlap side and conductively bonded with adhesive to a second silicon solar cell.

2c5. device according to sll 1c5 in which the second silicon solar cell lacks chamfered corners; Each silicon solar cell of the first supercell has substantially the same front surface area exposed to light. 3c. A device according to clause 2c5 whereby: the first silicon solar cell and the second silicon solar cell have the same length;

0 The width of the first silicon solar cell is greater than the width of the second silicon solar cell. 4c. A device according to sll 3c5 where the length copies the shape of the pseudo-chip da ye the shape. 5 c 5. A device according to § 3C5 with a length of 156 mm.

5 6c5. A device according to paragraph 3C5 with a length of 125 mm. 7 c. A device according to SAL 3c5, where the aspect ratio between the width and length of the first solar cell is between about 1:2 to about 1:20. 8 c. Device according to sll 3c5 where the first silicon solar cell overlaps the second silicon solar cell between about 1 mm to about med

0 9c5. A device according to clause 3c5 wherein the first supercell comprises at least nineteen silicon solar cells each having a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts.

5210 A device of 3C5 where the first supercell has a downstream length of at least about 500 mm. 1 c. A device according to § 3c5 wherein: the first supercell is connected in parallel with a second supercell on the front surface; The anterior surface includes a white posterior surface defining opaque strips of location and width corresponding to the spaces between the first supercell and the second supercell. 2. A device according to Clause 1C5 wherein the second silicon solar cell includes beveled corners. 3c. Apparatus according to clause 12c5 where for the long side of the first silicon solar cell

0 overlap to the long side of the second silicon solar cell. 4h. Device according to sll 12c5 where the long side of the first silicon solar cell overlaps the short side of the second silicon solar cell. 5 c. A device according to § 1C5 wherein the front surface comprises: a first row containing a first supercell consisting of solar cells with beveled corners; And

a second row comprising a second in series WAY solar silicon array in a second supercell connected in parallel with the first supercell and consisting of solar cells lacking beveled corners; The length of the second row is substantially the same as the length of the first row.

5216 device according to clause 15C5 where the first row is adjacent to a unit edge and is not

0 The second row is next to the edge of the unit.

7 c. A device according to clause 15C5 wherein the first supercell comprises at least nineteen solar cells each having a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts and the first supercell having a length in the direction of current flow of at least about 500 mm. 8 c. Apparatus pursuant to § 15c5 Cus front surface comprising a white back surface defining opaque slats of position and width corresponding to the spaces between the first supercell and the second supercell.

5219 Wy device of 1C5 also includes a metallization pattern on the front side of the second solar cell. 5220 Wy device for 19c5 where the metallization pattern includes a tapered gia extending around the OS) beveled.

0 21c5. Apparatus according to spall 19c5 in which the metallization pattern includes a raised feature to determine the spread of the adhesive. 2c. A device according to § 19C5 wherein the pattern of metallurgy comprises: a set of discrete contact gaskets ¢ fingers electrically connected to a set of discrete contact gaskets; And

5 conductive line for finger interconnection. 5223 device according to clause 22C5 where the metallization pattern forms a set of separate barriers for fixing the adhesive to the distinct contact gaskets. 5724 Device in accordance with 23C5 Cus A set of separate screens that butt and are longer than the corresponding distinct contact pads.

0 25 EGP 5. Sa according to 1c5 also includes an electrical interconnection (pe) conductively bonded to the surface of the first solar cell and accommodating the thermal expansion of the first solar cell in two dimensions.

6 c. The Wy device of § 25c5 ga Cus first of the interconnection flexes around an edge of the first supercell with the remaining ga the second interconnection on the posterior side of the first supercell. 7. Device according to sll 521 wherein the unit has a top conductive strip on the front surface facing the solar direction; The device also includes:

another module with a second supercell placed on the lower Jando all on the GAY module facing away from the solar; And where the second unit overlaps and is attached to a part of the first unit that includes the upper bar. 8 c. A device according to paragraph 27C5 whereby the other unit is attached to the unit with adhesive.

0 29c5. An apparatus according to clause 27C5 also comprising a junction box telescopic by unit J to another. 5230 device according to sll 5229 where the other unit is connected to the unit with a matching equipment between the junction box and another junction box on J Bas oll to another. 5z3 1 . A device according to clause 5z29 where the junction box contains one terminal unit.

32 c 5. A device according to clause 5-27 that also includes a switch between one unit and the other unit. 3c. The gall Wy 32G5 also includes a voltage sensing control in contact with a switch. 4h. A device according to clause 27C5 wherein the first supercell comprises not less than nineteen solar cells electrically connected to a single branching diode.

35 EGP 5. A device in accordance with 34C5 Cus A single branch diode shall be placed near the edge of a first unit.

6 c. Wy device of § 34C5 where the single-branch diode is enclosed in a laminated structure 7. A device according to § 5236 in which the supercell is encapsulated within the lamellar structure. 5738 devices in accordance with paragraph 34C5 where a single branch diode is placed around the perimeter of a first unit.

9 c. A device according to clause 27C5 wherein the first super cell and the second super cell include a pair connected to the power management device. 0 c. a device of accordance with clause 27c5 also comprising a power management device Lge to receive the output voltage of the first supercell;

based on voltage; Determine whether the solar cell of the first supercell is in reverse tilt; Separation of the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the supercell unit circuit. Oz1 device comprising: a solar module comprising a front surface that includes a chain connected to a first series of silicon solar cells assembled in a first super cell that has a first silicon solar cell for it

5 The beveled corners are arranged with an overlapping side and conductively bonded with adhesive to a second silicon solar cell. 2c. device according to ll 671 in which the second silicon solar cell lacks beveled corners; Each silicon solar cell of the first supercell has substantially the same front surface area exposed to light.

0 3c6. A device according to Clause 2c6 Cus:

The first silicon solar cell and the second silicon solar cell have the same length; The width of the first silicon solar cell is greater than the width of the second silicon solar cell. 4c6. Apparatus according to sill 3c6 in which the length reproduces the shape of a square pseudo-wafer.

5c6. A device according to § 3C6 with a length of 156 mm. 6 c. A device according to § 3C6 with a length of 125 mm. 7 c. jill Wy 3c6 device, where the aspect ratio between the width and length of the first solar cell is between about 1:2 to about 1:20.

0 8c6. A device according to clause 3C6 wherein the first silicon solar cell overlaps the second silicon solar cell between about 1 mm to about med 9C. A device according to SAL 3c6 in which the first supercell comprises at least nineteen silicon solar cells each having a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts. 0 c. A device according to § 3c6 in which the first supercell has a length in the direction of current flow of

5 at least about 500 mm. 1 c. Apparatus according to 3c6 Cus: the first supercell is connected in parallel with a second supercell on the front surface; The anterior surface includes a white posterior surface defining opaque strips of location and width corresponding to the spaces between the first supercell and the second supercell.

0 12c6. Device according to clause 1C6 wherein the second silicon solar cell includes beveled corners.

3c. Apparatus according to clause 12c6 wherein the long side of the first silicon solar cell overlaps with the long side of the second silicon solar cell. 4c. Device according to sll 12c6 where the long side of the first silicon solar cell overlaps the short side of the second silicon solar cell. 15 c 6. A device according to clause 1C6 wherein the front surface comprises: a first row incorporating a first supercell consisting of solar cells with beveled corners; a second row comprising a second series in series of silicon solar cells arrayed in a second supercell connected in parallel with the first supercell consisting of solar cells lacking chamfered corners; The length of the second row is substantially the same as the length of 0 of the first row. 6216 device according to clause 15C6 where the first row is adjacent to the edge of a unit and the second row is not adjacent to the edge of the unit. 7 c. A device according to clause 15c6 wherein the first supercell comprises at least nineteen solar cells each having a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 volts” and the first supercell has a length in 5 in the direction of current flow of at least about 500 mm. 8 c. An apparatus according to § 15c6 wherein the front surface includes a white back surface defining opaque strips of position and width corresponding to the spaces between the first supercell and the second supercell. 9 c. The Wy device of 1c6 also includes a metallization pattern on the front side of the second solar cell. 0 20c6. A device according to § 19C6 wherein the metallurgical pattern comprises a tapering gia extending around the OS) which is beveled.

1 c. A device according to clause 19c6 wherein the metallization pattern includes a raised feature to determine the spread of the adhesive. 2. an apparatus of accordance with clause 19C6 wherein the pattern of metallurgy comprises: a set of discrete contact gaskets ¢ fingers electrically connected to a set of discrete contact gaskets; and a conductive line for finger interconnection. 3c. A device according to § 22C6 where the metallization pattern forms a set of separate barriers for fixing the adhesive to the distinct contact gaskets. 4h. A device according to clause 23C6 in which a set of separate diaphragms buttress and are longer than 0 the corresponding distinct contact gaskets. 5 c. A device of accordance with 1C6 also comprising a flexible electrical interconnect conductively attached to the surface of the first solar cell and accommodating the thermal expansion of the first solar cell in two dimensions. 16226 Wy device of §25c6 ea Cus first of the interconnection flexes around an edge of the first supercell 5 where the remaining second interconnection ga is on a posterior side of the first supercell. 7. Device according to sll 671 wherein the unit has a top conductive strip on the front surface facing the solar direction; The device also includes: another module with a second supercell positioned on the lower Jando all surface on module GAY 20 facing away from solar energy; And where the second unit overlaps and is attached to a part of the first unit that includes the upper bar.

8 c. A device in accordance with paragraph 27C6 whereby the other unit is attached to the unit with an adhesive material.

9 c. A Part 627 EIS device has a junction box interlocked by the unit

other.

6230 device according to sll 29c6 where the other unit is connected to the unit with a box compatibility device

junction and another junction box on the other unit.

1 3 c. A device according to clause 6729 wherein the junction box contains one terminal unit.

2c. A device according to clause 27C6 that also includes a switch between one unit and the other unit.

6733 Device Wy of 32C6 also includes a voltage sensing control in a contact

with key. 0 34c6. A device according to clause 27C6 in which the first supercell comprises not less than nine

Ten solar cells electrically connected to a single branching diode.

5 c. A device according to § 34C6 in which a single bypass diode is placed close to an edge

first unit.

6 pounds. ly device of 34c6 in which the single branch diode is placed in a laminated structure Jaminate structure 5

6237 device according to 6236 clause in which the supercell is encapsulated within the lamellar structure.

8 h. A device according to § 34C6 in which a single bypass diode is placed around the perimeter of a unit

first.

9 c. A device according to sll 27c6 wherein the first supercell and the second supercell include pair 0 connected to the power management device.

0 c. A device according to Clause 27C6 that also includes a power management device Lge

receiving output voltage of the first supercell; based on voltage; Determine whether the solar cell of the first supercell is in reverse tilt; Separation of the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the supercell unit circuit. zl device includes:

A solar module comprising a front surface comprising a first series connected in series of at least superlatives comprising a first silicon solar cell arranged with the overlapped end and conductively bonded with adhesive to a second silicon solar cell; And an interconnector connected in a conductive way to the surface of the solar cell.

0 2c7. Sea according to clause 1C7 where the surface of the solar cell includes a rear surface of the first solar cell of silicon. 3c. A device of accordance with paragraph 2c7 also comprising a strip conductor that electrically connects the supercell to an electrical component. 4c. A device according to sll 3c7 where the conductor is andl) and is conductively attached to the surface 5 of the solar cell away from the interference terminal. 5 c. A device according to sll 4c7 where the electrical component is on the back surface of a solar module. 6 AH. Device Wy Part 4C7 Cua The electrical component includes a junction box. 7 c. Device according to sill 6c7 Cua junction box is in interlock compatible with AT junction box on different unit interleaved by Bas olf. 8 c. 71. A device according to clause 4c7 wherein the electrical component comprises a relief diode. 79 Device according to 4C7 where the electrical component comprises a unit terminal.

7210 Apparatus of 4C7 where the electrical component includes a transformer. 1h. A device according to paragraph 10C7, where the transformer includes an 86/06 microtransformer. 2. A device according to Clause 11C7 where a DCJAC microtransformer is on the back surface of a solar module. 3. A device according to Clause 4C7 where the electrical component includes a power management device. 14c7. Device according to sll 13c7 Cus power management device including switch. 7215 A device of 14C7 also includes a voltage sensing control in connection with a switch. 6h. a device according to clause 13c7 wherein the power management device Lge is to receive the output voltage of the supercell; 0 based on voltage; Determine whether the solar cell of the supercell is in the reverse tilt; Separate the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the supercell unit circle. 7. A device according to Clause 16C7 wherein the power management device is in electrical connection with a central transformer. 7218 Device 13C7 where the power management device includes a DC/AC unit power enhancer. 5 19C71. A device according to § 3c7 in which the interconnection is confined between a supercell and another supercell on the front surface. 0. gall ly device 3 c 7 where the andl connector and are connected in a conductive way to the interconnection. 1 c. A device according to clause 3c7 wherein the interconnection provides a resistance to the flow of current of less than or 0 equal to about 0.012 ohms.

2h. A device according to Clause 3C7 where the interconnection is prepared to accommodate the differential expansion between the first silicon solar cell and the interconnection for a temperature range ranging from about -0°C to about 85°C. 7223 Device in accordance with 3C7 where the interconnection thickness is less than or equal to about 100 microns.

4h. Apparatus according to clause 3C7 where the interconnection thickness is less than or equal to about 30 microns. 5 c. A device of accordance with 3c7 in which the supercell has a length in the direction of current flow of at least about 500 mm.

0 26c7. A device according to Clause 3C7 also comprising another supercell on a front surface of the unit. Sa .7 according to sal 26c7 where the interconnection connects the other supercell in series with the supercell. 8 c. The ly device of § 26c7 where interconnection connects the other supercell in parallel with the supercell.

5 29c7. Apparatus according to sll 26c7 wherein the anterior surface comprises a white posterior surface defining opaque strips of position and width corresponding to the spaces between one supercell and the other supercell. 0 c. A device according to Clause 3C7 where the interconnection comprises a mode. 1 c. sll ly 30c7 Cus pattern has slits; oblique cracks; and/or perforations. 2. A device according to Clause 3C7 where part of the interconnection is dark.

0 7233 device according to clause 3C7 where: the first silicon solar cell includes beveled corners;

The second silicon solar cell lacks the beveled corners; Each supercell silicon solar cell has substantially the same front surface area exposed to light. 7234 device according to paragraph 3C7 where: the first solar cell of silicon includes beveled corners;

The second silicon solar cell has beveled corners; The side includes a long side that overlaps the long side of the second silicon solar cell. 5 c. A device according to Clause 3C7 where the interconnection constitutes a transmission cable. 7236 Devices in accordance with 3C7 wherein are interconnected and are connected in a surface conductive manner

0 1 The solar cell at a glued joint. 7237 device according to 3c7 wherein a first part of the interconnection flexes around an edge of the supercell and the second remaining gall is located on a posterior side of the supercell. 8 c. A device of accordance with § 3C7 also having a metal pattern on the front surface and including a line running along the side (igh) The device also includes at a set of contact gaskets

5 distinct is located between the line and the long side. 7239 apparatus ly of clause 38c7 where: metallization furthermore comprises electrically connected fingers with corresponding distinct contact gaskets extending vertically on the long side ¢ and conductive line interconnections of the fingers.

0 40 c7. Apparatus in accordance with 38c7 Cus The metallization pattern includes a raised feature to determine the spread of the adhesive.

zl A device comprising: A group of supercells arranged in rows on a front surface solar module Each supercell includes at least nineteen silicon solar cells having a breakdown voltage of at least 10 volts arranged in line with the terminal parts of the solar cells Adjacent silicon interlaced and conductively connected to electrically connect silicon solar cells in series;

Where the tip of a first supercell adjacent to the edge of a unit in row Jf is electrically connected to the tip of a second supercell adjacent to the edge of the unit in a second row by means of an elastic electrical interconnection connected to the front surface of the first supercell. 822 device according to 1C8 where ein of the flexible electrical interconnect is covered by a film

0 1 opaque. 3c. A device in accordance with 2C8 wherein the front surface of the solar module comprises a back surface wafer showing low visible contrast with flexible electrical interconnection. 4c. A device according to clause 81 where edn of the flexible electrical interconnection is coloured. 5 c. A device in accordance with 4c8 wherein the front surface of the solar module includes a surface wafer

5 rear showing ye low contrast with flexible electrical interconnection. 6 c. A device in accordance with 1C8 wherein the front surface of the solar module includes a white back surface wafer. 7 c. A device according to sell 6c8 also includes opaque slats corresponding to the spaces between the rows. 8 c. A device in accordance with clause 826 where the solar IAIN semiconductor layer is directed from

0 silicon towards the wafer back surface. 9c. Device in accordance with 1C85 where: the front surface of the solar module includes a back surface wafer; And

Back deck chip included; Flexible Electrical Interconnection » First Supercell; and envelope 0 c. Device according to sual 9c8 Cus. The envelope comprises a thermoplastic polymer. 1 c. Apparatus according to clause 10c8 wherein a thermoplastic polymer comprising a thermoplastic olefin polymer.

2c. A device according to Clause 9c8 that also includes a windshield foil. 3c. ly device for the 8212 where the back surface wafer includes glass. 4c. A device according to sll 1c8 Cua flexible electrical interconnection is connected at a set of separate locations.

0 15c8. A device according to clause 1c8 wherein the flexible electrical interconnect is bonded to an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material. 6 c. A device according to Clause 1C8 also comprising a glued joint. 7 c. A device in accordance with 1Cus 8C The flexible electrical interconnection runs parallel to the edge of the unit.

5 18c8. A device according to § 821 in which a portion of the flexible electrical interconnect is folded around the first supercell and is not visible. 9 c. The LY device of § 871 also includes a snap-on connector that electrically connects the first supercell to an electrical component. 8z20 . A device according to Paragraph 19 8z where the Sharbaty connector and connected in a conductive manner

Flexible electrical interconnection.

1 c. A device according to Clause 19c8 wherein is the bonding conductor and is connected in a conductive manner to the surface of the solar cell away from the interference terminal. 2c. A device according to Clause 19C8 where the electrical component is on the back surface of a solar module. 3c. A device according to SAL 19C8 in which the electrical component includes a junction box. 24c8. A device according to Clause 23c8 wherein the junction box is in gear with a junction box

Another on another front surface of a solar module. 5 c. A device according to Clause 23C8 wherein the junction box includes a junction box with one end. 6 c. A device in accordance with § 19C8 Cus The electrical component comprises a relief diode. 7 c. A device according to Clause 19c8 where the electrical component includes a switch.

0 28 J8. an apparatus of accordance with paragraph 27C8 further comprising a voltage-sensing control device designed to receive a voltage output of the first supercell; based on voltage; Determine whether the solar cell of the first supercell is in the reverse tilt; And contact with a switch to disconnect the solar cell in the reverse tilt of the super cell unit circuit. 9 c. A device according to § 821 in which the first supercell is connected in series with a cell

5 super sec. 0c.. a device according to Clause 1c8 where: a first silicon solar cell of the first supercell including beveled corners; a second silicon solar cell of the first supercell lacks the beveled corners; Each silicon solar cell of the first supercell has by far the same surface area

0 front exposed.

1 c. Apparatus in accordance with Clause 1c8 wherein: a first silicon solar cell of the first supercell having beveled corners; a second silicon solar cell of the first supercell incorporating beveled corners; The long side of the first silicon solar cell overlaps with the long side of the second silicon solar cell.

2c. A device according to clause 81 wherein a silicon solar cell of the first supercell comprises a sheet having a length of about 156 mm. 3c. A device according to clause 81 wherein a silicon solar cell of the first supercell comprises a sheet having a length of about 125 mm.

0 34 c8. A device according to clause 1c8 wherein a silicon solar cell of the first supercell comprises a sheet having the aspect ratio of shag-width from about 2:1 to about 20:1. 5 c. ly device of 1c8 whereby the adjacent silicon interleaved solar cells of the first supercell are conductively bonded with an adhesive; The device also includes a custom feature to determine the spread of the adhesive.

5 8236. A device according to § 35c8 where the feature includes a trench. 7. ly apparatus of § 36c8 where the trench is machined with a metallization pattern. 8 c. lady device of § 37c8 where the metallization pattern includes a line running along the long side of the silicon solar cell; The device also includes a set of discrete contact gaskets located between the line and the long side.

0 39 c8. A device according to § 37c8 where the metallization pattern is located on the front of a silicon solar cell of the first supercell.

0 c. A device according to § 37C8 in which the metallization pattern is located on the rear surface of a silicon solar cell of the second supercell. 1c9. Device comprising: A solar module comprising a front surface containing series connected silicon solar cells assembled in a first supercell comprising a first cut-out plate having a front side metallization pattern along a first outer edge interspersed by a second cut-out strip. 2c. A device according to Clause 1c9 wherein the first cutting slice and the second cutting slice have a length duplicating the length of the wafer from which the first cutting slice is divided. 3c. A device according to Clause 2C9 with a length of 156 mm. 0 4c9. A device according to paragraph 2C9 with a length of 125 mm. 5 c. A device according to sill 2c9, where the aspect ratio between the width of the first cut slice and the length is between about 1:2 to about 1:20. 6 c. A device according to Clause 2C9 where the first cut slice includes a first beveled corner. 7 c. A device according to Paragraph 6c9 where the first corner is beveled along the first outer edge. 5 8c9. A device according to Paragraph 6C9 where the first beveled corner is not along the first outer edge. 9c9. Device according to Clause 6c9 cus The second cutting bracket includes a second chamfered corner. 0 c. A device according to Clause 9c9 where the overlapping of the edge of the second cutting segment includes the second chamfered corner. 0 11c9. Wy device of § 9c9 where the second cutting chip edge overlap does not include the second beveled corner.

9712 apparatus according to clause 6c9 wherein the length reproduces the shape of the square dummy wafer from which the first cut wafer is subdivided. 9213 device according to clause 926 where the width of the first cutting slat is different from the width of the second cutting slat where the first cutting slat and the second cutting slat have approximately the same slicing area.

4c. A device according to Clause 1C9 where the second cutting slice overlaps the first cutting slice between about 1-5 mm. 5h. A device according to 1C9 wherein the front side metallization pattern includes a connecting rod. 6 1 9%. A device according to § 5 1c9 in which the connecting rod includes a tapering part.

17c9. Device according to Clause 1 Oz wherein the pattern of metallization of the front side includes a contact gasket 9218 Device according to Clause 17C9 where: a second cut slice is attached to the first cut slice with adhesive; The distinctive contact gasket furthermore includes a feature to limit the spread of adhesive.

5 19c9. Device according to § 18C9 Gus The feature includes a trench. 0 c. A device according to 1C9 wherein the front-side metallization pattern comprises a relief diode. 9721 device according to 1C9 where the front side metal pattern includes a finger. 2. A device according to Clause 1C9 wherein the first cutting slide additionally includes a pattern

0 tapered to the backside along an outer edge dul opposite the first outer edge. 3c. 9722 device in which the back side metallization pattern includes a contact gasket.

4c. A device according to § 22C9 wherein the back side metallization pattern includes a connecting rod. 5 c. A device according to Clause 1C9 in which the supercell comprises at least nineteen cut silicon wafers each having a breakdown voltage greater than about 10 V. 6 c. A device according to Section 1C9 whereby a supercell is connected to another supercell on a Bas oll front surface. 9217 0 device according to clause 6c wherein the unit has a front surface comprising a white back surface defining opaque slats corresponding to the spaces between one supercell and the other supercell. 8 c. Device according to 26C9 where: the front surface of the solar module includes a back surface wafer; and 0 back surface chip; interconnection; supercell. The envelope comprises a lamellar structure. 9 c. A device according to § 28C9 wherein the envelope comprises a thermoplastic polymer. 0 c. Device according to sll 29C9 Cus thermoplastic polymer comprising thermoplastic olefin polymer. 1 c. Device according to sll 26c9 also comprising an interconnection between the supercell and the other 5 supercell. 2. A device according to Clause 31c9 in which the eda of the interconnection is covered by an opaque film. 3c. Wy device of 31c9 where eda from interconnection is colored. 4c. An apparatus of accordance with paragraph 31C9 further comprising a tape conductor electrically connecting the supercell to an electrical component. 0 35 EGP 9. A device according to § 34C9 in which the bonded conductor is connected in a conductive manner to the rear side of the first cut segment.

6 c. A device according to 34C9 wherein the electrical component comprises a relief diode. 9737 device according to 34C9 where the electrical component includes a switch. 8 pilgrimage. A device according to Clause 34C9 where the electrical component includes a junction box. 9 c. A device in accordance with § 38C9 Cun, a junction box that interfaces with and is equipped in conformity with another junction box. 0 c. A device according to § 26C9 wherein the super cell and the other super cell are connected in series. 1 c. A method comprising: laser copying of a copy line onto a silicon wafer to define the area of the solar cell; 0 Apply an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to the top surface of the scratched silicon wafer adjacent to the long side of the solar cell area; and separating a silicon wafer along the splicing line to provide a solar cell sheet comprising an ein of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed adjacent to the long side of the solar cell sheet. 2c. A method according to § 1C10 also includes providing the silicon wafer with a metallization pattern; Where 5 segregation occurs, the solar cell strip has a metallization pattern along the long side. 0z3 1 . Method according to § 1 02 wherein La metallurgy includes a connecting rod or contact gasket 4c. method according to § 1072 wherein the provision includes printing of a metallized pattern. 5c0. Method according to § 2C10 wherein the enhancement includes electrophoresis of a metallurgical pattern. 0 6c10. A method according to § 2C10 wherein the metallization pattern includes a feature adapted to determine the spread of the electrically conductive adhesive.

7. A device according to 6c10 where the feature includes a trench. 8 c. Method according to § 1071 where the mode includes printing. 1029 method according to sell 1c10 where the mode includes sedimentation using a mask. 0 c. Method according to § 1071 where the length of the long side of the solar cell wafer reproduces the shape of the wafer. 1 c. Method according to Clause 10c10 where the length is 156 mm or 125 mm. 2c. A method according to Sald 10c10, where the aspect ratio between the width of the solar cell strip and the length is between about 1:2 to about 1:20. 3c. Method according to clause 1C10 wherein the separation includes: 0 Applying vacuum pressure between a bottom surface of the wafer and an arched support surface to bend the solar cell region against the arched support surface and then slit the silicon wafer along the copy line. 4c. A method according to clause 1C10 further comprising: arrangement of a group of solar cell strips in line with long sides of overlapping adjacent solar cell strips (cing) of electrically conductive adhesive placed in between; And 5 the maturation of the electrically conductive binder, and then the bonding next to the overlap of the solar cell slices to each other and connecting them electrically, respectively. 5 c. A method according to Paragraph 14c10, where the curing includes shall 6h. Method according to Clause 14c10 wherein ripening involves applying pressure. 7 c. Method according to § 14c10 Cus The arrangement involves the formation of a layered structure. 0 18c10. A method according to Clause 17c10 wherein the curing involves applying heat and pressure to the layered structure.

9 c. A method according to § 17c10 wherein the layered structure includes an envelope. 0 c. Method according to § 19C10 wherein the envelope comprises a thermoplastic polymer. 1 c. A method according to clause 20C10 wherein the thermoplastic polymer comprises a thermoplastic olefin polymer. 22c10. Method according to § 17C10 wherein the layered structure includes a back surface wafer.

10723. method according to § 10722 where: the backing sheet is white; The layered structure furthermore includes opaque slats. 4c. Method according to Clause 14c10 Cus The arrangement includes at least nineteen arrangements

0 solar cell strips on the same line. 5 c. Method according to Clause 24C10 Cus Each of at least nineteen segments of a solar cell shall have a breakdown voltage of at least 10 V. 6 c. A method according to clause 24C10 also includes placing on JN nineteen solar cell strips in contact with only one branching diode.

5 27c10. Method according to sll 26c10. The IS comprises the configuration of a strip conductor between one of at least nineteen solar cell strips and a single branching diode. 0 1 028 method according to clause 1 027 wherein the single branch diode is located in a junction box 0 9c. ly method of clause 28c10 where the junction box is on the back side of a solar module; In t< equipment compatibility with AT junction box for 7 different dad unit.

0 30 c10. A method according to § 14c10 whereby the cell slice is overlapped from a group of cell slices

1 c. Method according to Clause 14c10 wherein the solar cell strip includes a first chamfered corner. 2c. A method according to Clause 31C10 wherein the long side of a solar cell overlap has a segment of a group of solar cell segments that does not include a second beveled corner. 3c. A method according to clause 32C10 where the width of the solar cell strip is greater than the overlapping width of the solar cell strip; Wherein, the solar cell chip and the overlap of the AY solar chip have approximately the same area of the chip. 4 pilgrimage. A method according to § 31C10 wherein the long side of an overlap of a solar cell strip of a set of solar cell strips includes a second beveled corner. 5 c. A method according to § 34C10 wherein the long side of the solar cell strip overlap 0 is for a set of solar cell strips; Overlapping the long side of the cell slice includes the first beveled corner. 6 pilgrimage. A method according to § 34C10 wherein the long side of the solar cell strip overlaps a set of solar cell strips; Overlap the long side of the cell slice not including the first beveled corner. 5 37c10. A method according to Clause 14c10 also comprising the connection of one set of solar cell strips with another set of solar cell strips using an interconnection. 8 pilgrimage. A method according to § 37c10 in which the ha of the interconnection is covered with an opaque film. 9 c. A method according to Clause 37c10 whereby part of the interconnection is coloured. 0 c. A method according to § 37C10 where a group of solar cell strips is connected on sill 0 with another group of solar cell strips. 1 c. A method comprising: provision of a silicon wafer having a length;

Copy a copy line onto the silicon wafer to define the area of the solar cell; applying an electrically conductive adhesive binder to the surface of the silicon wafer; and separating a silicon wafer along the splicing line to provide a solar cell sheet comprising an ein of electrically conductive adhesive bonding material placed adjacent to the long side of the solar cell sheet. 2c11. method sell Wg 111 where copying includes laser copying. 3c. A method according to Paragraph 2C11 comprising laser copying a copying line; And then put electrically conductive adhesive tape. 4c. A method according to § 2C11 comprising the application of an electrically conductive adhesive tape to a foil. dang that laser copy copy line. 0 5c11. method according to sll 4c11 where: the laying includes the application of an unripe electrically conductive adhesive binder; And copying oil includes avoiding the production of an immature conductive bonding adhesive by laser heat. 6 c. Method according to 5C11 whereby the avoidance includes selection of the laser power and/or distance between the line of copy and an immature conductive binder. 5 7c11. Method according to 1C11 wherein the mode includes printing. 8 c. Method according to § 1C11 wherein the application includes mask sedimentation. 9 c. Method according to 1C11 wherein the copy line and electrically conductive adhesive tape are on the surface. 0 c. Method according to § 1c11 wherein the separation includes: arch support and then slitting the silicon wafer along the copy line.

1 c. Method according to Paragraph 10C11 wherein the chapter includes arranging the Naskh line at an angle relative to 2C. Method according to 1C11 where separation involves the use of a cylinder to apply pressure to the wafer. 13c11. a method according to § 1C11 wherein the provisioning includes the provisioning of the silicon wafer with a metallization pattern;

Where the separation occurs, the solar cell chip has a metallization pattern along the long side. 4c. Method according to § 13C11 wherein the metallurgical pattern includes a connecting rod or a discrete contact gasket. 5 c. Gg method for 13c11 where the supply includes printing a metallic pattern.

0 16c11. Method according to § 13c11 wherein the electrophoresis includes a metallization pattern. 7 c. A method according to § 13C11 wherein the metallization pattern includes a feature adapted to determine the diffusion of the electrically conductive adhesive. 8 c. Method according to 1C11 where the length of the long side of the solar cell wafer reproduces the shape of the wafer.

5 19c11. method according to § 18C11 where the length is 156 mm or 125 mm. 0c11. A method according to paragraph 18C11, where the aspect ratio between the width of the solar cell slats and the length is between about 1:2 to about 1:20. 1 c. A method according to clause 1C11 further comprising: Arrangement of a group of solar cell strips in line with the long sides of the overlap of the cell strips

0 adjacent solar panels and a portion of electrically conductive adhesive tape placed between them; And

Ripening of the electrically conductive binder, then bonding next to the overlap of the solar cell slices to each other and connecting them electrically, respectively. 2c. method according to § 21C11 where: the arrangement includes the formation of a layered structure; Ripening involves applying heat and/or pressure to the layered structure. 3c. Method according to clause 22c11 wherein the layered structure comprises a laminated thermoplastic olefin polymer. 4c. Method according to § 22C11 wherein the layered structure comprises: a white back surface wafer; and 0 opaque chips on the white back surface chip. 5 c. A method according to Clause 21C11 whereby: a group of wafers is presented on a mould; The binder of the conductive adhesive is distributed over a set of wafers; A group of wafers forms separate cells simultaneously into a group of solar cell wafers by fixation. 5 26c11. A method according to Clause 25C11 further comprising the transportation of a set of solar cell strips as an assembly; Whereas, the arrangement involves arranging a group of solar cell chips into a unit. 7 c. Method according to 21C11 Cus The arrangement includes an arrangement of at least nineteen solar cell strips having a breakdown voltage of at least 10 V in line with only one branching diode. 0 28c11. A method according to clause 27C11 further includes the configuration of a bonded conductor between one of the nineteen solar cell strips on JY and a single branching diode.

9 c. A method according to Clause 28C11 Cus The single branching diode is located in a first junction box of a first solar module that is in a matching arrangement with a second junction box of a second solar module. 0 c. A method according to clause 27C11 also includes the configuration of a strip connector between one of at least nineteen solar cell strips and a smart switch. Ten Al chips and a smart key 31C11. Method according to § 21c11 whereby the cell slice is overlapped from a set of cell slices 2c. Method according to § 21C11 wherein the solar cell sheet includes a first chamfered corner. 3c. A method according to clause 11232 whereby the long side of a solar cell strip does not overlap an array of solar cell strips; Beveled second corner. 0 34c11. ly method of § 33C11 where the width of the solar cell strip is greater than the overlap width of the solar cell strip; Where the solar cell slice and the overlap of the solar cell slice have approximately the same area of the slice. 5 c. A method according to § 32C11 wherein the long side of an overlap of a solar cell strip of a set of solar cell strips includes a second beveled corner. 5 36c11. A method according to § 35C11 wherein the long side of the solar cell strip overlaps a set of solar cell strips; Overlapping the long side of the cell slice includes the first beveled corner. 7 c. A method according to § 35C11 wherein the long side of the solar cell strip overlaps a set of solar cell strips; It overlaps with the long side of the cell slice not including the first beveled 0 corner. 8 c. A method according to Clause 21C11 also comprising the connection of one set of solar cell strips with another set of solar cell strips using an interconnection.

9 c. Method according to § 38C11 wherein the gia of the interconnection is covered with an opaque film or is coloured. 0c1. A method according to yall 38c11 where a group of solar cell strips is connected in series with another group of solar cell strips. 1c12. Method includes:

provide a silicone wafer that has a length; copies of a copy line on a silicon wafer to define the area of the solar cell; Silicon wafer separation along the copy line to provide the solar cell chip; An electrically conductive adhesive tape was placed adjacent to the long side of the cell slide

0 solar. 2c. Method according to Clause 1C12 where copying includes laser copying. 3c. Method according to § 1c12 wherein the mode includes stenciling. 4c. Method according to § 1271 wherein the mode includes ink-jet printing. 5 c. Method according to sll 1c12 wherein the mode includes sedimentation using a mask.

5 6c12. A method according to § 1C12 wherein the separation involves applying a vacuum pressure between the wafer surface and an arched surface. 7 c. Method according to § 6C12 Cum The arched surface includes a vacuum manifold; The separation involves orienting the copy line at an angle with respect to the vacuum manifold. 8 c. Method according to § 7c12 where the angle is perpendicular.

0 9c12. A method according to paragraph 7c12 where the angle is to a degree other than perpendicular.

0 c. Method according to clause 6c12 in which the vacuum pressure is applied through a conveyor belt. 1 c. A method according to clause 1c12 further comprising: Arrangement of a group of solar cell strips in line with the long sides of overlapping adjacent solar cell strips Electrically conductive adhesive bonding Lad placed between; And the maturation of the electrically conductive binder of the tape next to the overlapping of the solar cell slices are electrically connected in series. 12712 Method according to § 11C12 Gus The arrangement includes the formation of a layered structure The Calas method also includes the lamination of the layered structure. 3c. Method according to clause 12c12 wherein the ripening of Lia occurs at least during lamination 0 14c12. Method according to sll 12c12us Curing occurs independently of lamination. 5 c. Method according to gall 12c 12 in which the lamination involves applying vacuum pressure. 6. A method according to Clause 15C12 in which vacuum pressure is applied to an inflated part. 7 c. A method according to Clause 15c12 where vacuum pressure is applied to a belt. 8 c. Method according to clause 12212 wherein the envelope comprises a thermoplastic olefin polymer. 5 19c12. ly method for 12712 Gus clause The layered structure includes: white back surface wafer; and opaque strips on the white back surface wafer. 0 c. a method according to § 11c12 wherein the provisioning includes the provisioning of the silicon wafer with a metallization pattern; Where the separation occurs, the solar cell chip has a metallization pattern along the long side.

0 1 22 1 method according to § 20c2 1 where the metallization pattern includes a connecting rod or a distinctive contact gasket 0 2c. A method according to § 20c12 where the incorporation includes printing or electrophoresis of a metallization pattern. 23c12. Method according to paragraph 20C12, wherein the arrangement includes determining the spread of the adhesive tape

Electrically conductive with a metallic style characteristic. 12724 method according to Clause 23C12 where the label is on the front side of the 5C solar cell chip. Method according to clause 23c12 wherein the label is on the back side of the solar cell sheet

0 . 6 c. Method according to clause 11c12 in which the length of the long side of the solar cell wafer reproduces the shape of the wafer. 7 c. method according to § 26C12 where the length is 156 mm or 125 mm. 8 c. A method according to paragraph 26C12 where the aspect ratio between the width of the solar cell slats

5yon length is between about 1:2 to about 1:20. 9 c. Method according to 11C12 Gus The arrangement includes an arrangement of at least nineteen solar cell segments having a breakdown voltage of at least 10 V on the same line as the first supercell with only one branching diode. 0 c. A method according to Clause 29c12 also includes application of the conductive adhesive bonding material

0 electrically between the first supercell and an interconnection. 12231 method according to clause 30C12 whereby the interconnection connects the first supercell in parallel with a second supercell.

12232 method according to § 30C12 Cus Interconnection connects the first supercell in series with a second supercell. 3h. A method according to § 29c12 also includes the formation of a bonded conductor between the first supercell and the single branching diode.

34 c 12. A method according to Clause 33C12 whereby the single-branch diode is located in a first junction box of a first solar module that is in a matching arrangement with a second junction box of a second solar module. 5 c. Method according to Section 11C12 Gus The solar cell sheet includes a first beveled corner. 6 c. A method according to Clause 35C12 where the long side of a solar cell strip overlapping a group of solar cell strips does not include a second beveled corner.

0 37c12. ly method of § 36C12 where the width of the solar cell strip is greater than the overlap width of the solar cell strip; Cus the solar cell slice and the overlap of the solar cell slice have approximately the same area of the slice. 8 c. A method according to § 35C12 wherein the long side of an overlapping solar cell sheet of a set of solar cell strips includes a second beveled corner. 5 39c12. A method according to § 38c12 wherein the long side of the solar cell strip overlap of a set of solar cell strips; Overlapping the long side of the cell slice includes the first beveled corner. 0 c. A method according to § 38c12 wherein the long side of the solar cell strip overlap of a set of solar cell strips; Overlap with the long side of the cell slice not including the first beveled 0 corner. 1 c. Device includes:

A semiconductor wafer having a first surface that includes a first metallization pattern along a first outer edge 3 and a second metallization pattern along a second outer edge opposite the first outer edge.” The semiconductor wafer also includes a first copy line between the first metallization pattern and the second metallization pattern. 2c. Apparatus according to clause 1c13 wherein the first metallization pattern comprises a contact gasket Shas 5 3c13. A device according to Clause 1c13 where the first metal pattern includes a first finger pointing away from

The first outer edge towards the second metallization pattern. 4c. A device according to § 3C13 wherein the first metallization pattern furthermore comprises a connecting rod passing along the first outer edge and intersecting with the first finger. 5c3. Wy device for 4c13 where the second metallization pattern includes:

0 second finger pointing away from the second outer edge toward the first metal pattern; A second conductive rod extends along the second outer edge and intersects with the second finger. 6 c. The ly device of 3c13 also includes an electrically conductive adhesive extending along the outer edge 1 of first and in contact with the J of finger J of first . 7 c. A device according to § 3c13 wherein the first metallurgical pattern furthermore comprises a conductor

first fork. 8 c. A device according to clause 3C13 wherein the first metallization pattern furthermore comprises a first terminal conductor. 1379 devices according to Clause 1C13 where the first metallurgical pattern includes silver. 3z 10 1 device in accordance with § 39 1 where the metallization pattern 1 first comprises silver paste.

11c13. Device according to § 1379 where the first metallization pattern includes distinct contacts.

3z 12 1 device according to § 1 3z 1 where the first metallurgical pattern comprises aluminum tin or 113713 device pursuant to § 1321 where the first metallurgical pattern comprises copper. 0 1 3z 1 4 Device according to 3 1 3z 1 wherein the first metallurgical mode comprises an electrolytic wala.

5 c. Apparatus according to clause 13c13 also comprising a passivation scheme to reduce coalescence. 6 c. The ly device of § 1c13 also includes: a third metal pattern on the first surface of the semiconductor wafer not close to the first outer edge or to the second outer edge; And

0 A second Naskh line is between the third metal pattern and the second metal pattern, where the first Naskh line is between the first metal pattern and the third metal pattern. 7 c. device according to sll 16c13 wherein the ratio of the first width specified between the first copy line and the second copy line divided by the length of the semiconductor wafer; They range from about 1:2 to about 1:20

18c13. A device according to § 13217 having a length of about 156 mm or about 125 mm. 9 c. A device according to clause 17c13 wherein the semiconductor wafer includes beveled corners. 0 c. A device according to Paragraph 19c13 where: the first copy line is defined with the first outer edge; A first rectangular region with two beveled corners and a first metal pattern » The first rectangular region has an area corresponding to the output of

0 is the first length and a second width greater than the first; minus the common area of the two beveled corners; And

The second Naskh line defines with the Naskh line (JY) a second rectangular region that does not include the beveled corners and includes the third metallization pattern”; The second region is rectangular with an area corresponding to the product of the first length and the first width. 1 c. A device according to Paragraph 16C13 Gus The third metallurgical pattern includes a finger pointing towards the second metallurgical pattern. 2 Hajj. A device of accordance with 1C13 also comprising a third metallization pattern on a second surface of the semiconductor wafer opposite the first. 3 c. A device according to § 22C13 wherein the third metallization pattern includes a contact gasket close to the location of the first copy line. 0 24c13. Wy device for 1c13 where the first copy line is formed by a laser. 5 c. A device according to Clause 1C13 where the first copy line is on the first surface. 6 c. Apparatus according to § 1C13 wherein the first metallization pattern comprises a feature adapted to determine the diffusion of an electrically conductive adhesive. 7 c. sll device Wy 26c13 where the attribute includes a superscripted attribute. 5 28c13. A device according to § 27C13 wherein the first metallurgical pattern includes a contact gasket” and the feature includes butt sealing and longer than the contact gasket. 9 c. A device according to § 26C13 where the notch includes a hollow notch. 0 c. Device according to sll 29c13 Gus The recessed profile includes a trench. 1 33 1 0 A device according to 3z26 1 also comprising an electrically conductive adhesive in contact with the first metallization pattern. 2c. A device according to § 31C13 in which the electrically conductive adhesive is printed.

3c. Device according to spall 1c13 in which the semiconductor wafer comprises silicon. 4c. A device according to § 33C13 in which the semiconductor wafer comprises crystalline silicon. 5 c. A device according to Clause 33C13 where the first surface has a conductivity of the type 0.6H. Device according to sill 33c13, where the first surface has a conductivity of type 0. 37c13. Device according to Clause 1C13 where: the first metal pattern is 5 mm or less from the first outer edge; The second metal pattern is 5 mm or less from the second outer edge. 8 c. a device according to section 1321 in which the semiconductor wafer includes beveled corners; The first metallurgical pattern included a tapering gia extending around a beveled corner. 0 39c13. Device according to sill 38c13 Gua The taper galll includes a connecting rod. 0 c. sll ly 38G 13 Cua taper galll has connection with 1G gasket connector. Method comprising: copying the first transcription line onto a wafer; and 5 separating the wafer along the first copy line using vacuum pressure to provide the solar cell wafer. 2c. Method according to Clause 1C14 where copying includes laser copying. 3c. Method according to § 2C14 wherein the separation involves applying vacuum pressure between the wafer surface and an arched surface. 4c. Method according to § 3C14 wherein the arched surface includes a vacuum manifold.

5 c. A method according to § 4c14 in which the wafer is carried on a conveyor belt to the vacuum pressure manifold aig applying vacuum pressure through the belt. 6 c. method according to § 5c14 wherein the chapter includes: orienting the first copy line at an angle with respect to the vacuum manifold; And start a bisection at one end of the first copy line. 7. A method according to § 6c14 where the angle is to a large extent perpendicular. 8c1. A method according to sll 6c14 where the angle is any degree other than to be quite perpendicular. 9 c. A method according to Paragraph 3C14 also comprising the application of an unripe electrically conductive adhesive binder 0. 0 c. Method according to § 9C14 whereby the first copy line and the electrically conductive adhesive immature substrate are on the same wafer surface. 1 c. dasha according to clause 10c14 whereby laser copying avoids the ripening of an immature conductive binder adhesive by selecting the laser power and/or the distance between the first copying line and an immature 5 1 conductive adhesive. 2c. A method according to § 10c14 whereby the same surface against the wafer surface is carried by a belt that moves the wafer to the curved surface. 3c. Method according to § 14212 wherein the arched surface includes a vacuum manifold. 4c. A method according to Paragraph 9C14 where shedding occurs after copying. 0 15c14. A method according to Paragraph 9C14 where shedding occurs after dismissal. 6 c. Method according to Clause 9c14 wherein the mode includes stenciling.

7 c. Method according to clause 9c14 wherein the mode includes ink-jet printing. 8 c. Method according to § 9c14 where the situation includes sedimentation using a mask. 9 c. method according to 3c14 wherein the first line of naskh is between; A first metallization pattern on the wafer surface with a first outer edge length ¢ 9 a second metallization pattern on the wafer surface with an outer edge length Al 0c. a method according to § 19c14 wherein the wafer furthermore includes a third metallization pattern on the surface of the semiconductor wafer not close to the first outer edge or to the second outer edge; The method furthermore includes: copying a second naskh line between the third metallization pattern and the second metallizing pattern where the first naskh line is 0 between the first metallization mode and the third metallization pattern; And separate the wafer along the second copy line to provide another solar cell chip. 1 c. Wg method of § 20c14 wherein the distance between the first copy line and the second copy line is a width specifying the aspect ratio between about 1:2 and about 1:20 so that the length of the wafer includes about 5 mm or about 156 mm. 5 22c14. A method according to paragraph 19c14 where the first metallization pattern includes a finger pointing towards the second metallization pattern. 3 c. Method according to § 22c14 wherein the first metallurgical pattern furthermore comprises a connecting rod crossed with the toe. 4c. Method according to clause 23C14 where the connecting rod is within 5 mm of the first 0 outer edge.

c. A method according to Paragraph 22C14 also comprising an unripe electrically conductive adhesive binder in contact with a finger. 6 c. Method according to § 19c14 wherein the first metallization pattern comprises a contact gasket Shas 7c. A method according to § 19C14 further includes printing or electrophoresis of the first 5 metallization pattern on the wafer.

8 c. A method according to clause 3 further comprising: Arrangement of the solar cell strip into a first supercell comprising at least nineteen solar cell strips each having a breakdown voltage of at least 10 V with long sides overlapping adjacent solar cell strips Electrically conductive adhesive placed between ; And

0 Ripening of the electrically conductive binder for bonding next to the overlapping of the solar cell slices connected electrically in series. 9 c. Method according to § 28C14 wherein the arrangement includes the formation of a layered structure Calas includes the method also includes the lamination of the layered structure. 0 c. A method according to § 29c14 whereby at least Lia ripening occurs during lamination

5 31c14. Method according to § 29c14 Cus Curing takes place independently of lamination. 2c. Method according to § 29C14 wherein the envelope comprises a thermoplastic olefin polymer. 3c. Method according to § 29C14 (dad Cus) layered comprising: a white back surface wafer; and opaque strips on the white back surface wafer.

0 34c14. Method according to § 28C14 wherein the arrangement includes determination of the spread of electrically conductive adhesive tape using the metallization pattern character.

5 c. Method according to § 34C14 wherein the metallization pattern is a feature on a front surface of the solar cell sheet. 6 c. Method according to § 34C14 wherein the metallization pattern is a feature on the back surface of the solar cell sheet. 37c14. A method according to Clause 28c14 also includes the application of the conductive adhesive bonding material

Electrically between the first super cell and interconnect the connection of a second super cell respectively. 8 43 1 . Method in accordance with § 48 1 EIS includes the configuration of a strapping conductor between a single branching diode of the super cell 1 to first 3 single branching diode located in a first junction box Bas ol 7 a first solar in a T< fixture matching a second junction box Bas ol 7 is a second solar.

0 39c14. ly method for clause 28c14 where: the solar cell sheet includes a first chamfered corner; for the long side of a solar cell strip overlapping a set of solar cell strips; (OS) does not include a second bevel; The width of the solar cell slide is greater than the width of the JAIN solar cell slide; where slice

5 The solar cell and the overlap of the solar cell chip have approximately the same area of the chip. 14-40. Method according to Clause 14-28 where: the solar cell sheet includes a beveled Jol corner; the second crossed out; And

0 the long side of the solar cell chip overlap of a set of solar cell strips; Overlapping of the long side of the solar cell chip not including the first beveled corner.

1 c. A method comprising: formation of a first metallization pattern along a first outer edge of a first surface of a semiconductor wafer; forming a second metallization pattern along a second outer edge of the first surface; the second outer edge against the first outer edge; And create a first copy line between the first metalization pattern and the second metalization pattern. 2c. Method according to Clause 1C15 where: the first metal pattern includes a first finger pointing towards the second metal pattern; The second metal pattern has a second finger pointing towards the first metal pattern. 3c. Method according to § 2C15 where: 0 The first metal pattern furthermore comprises a first conductive rod intersecting with the first finger and located within 5 mm of the first outer edge; The second metal pattern includes a second conductive rod that intersects the second toe and is located within 5 mm of the second outer edge. 4c. Method according to § 3c15 also includes: 5 formation on the first surface; A third metal pattern that is not along the first outer edge or along the outer edge (dll) The third metal pattern includes ce having a third conductive rod parallel to the first conductive rod; a third toe pointing towards the second metal pattern; and creating a second backline between the metal pattern The third and the second metal pattern where the first copy line 0 is between the first metal pattern and the third metal pattern.

5 c 5. a method according to § 4C15 whereby the first copy line and the second copy line are separated by a width relative to the length of the semiconductor wafer; It ranges from about 1:2 to about 1:20. 6 c. Method according to § 5C15 wherein the length of the semiconductor wafer is about 156 mm or about 125 mm. 7c15. Method according to § 4C15 wherein the semiconductor wafer includes beveled corners.

8 c. method according to § 7c15 where: the first naskh line is defined with the first outer edge; a first solar cell area comprising two beveled corners and a first metallization pattern; so that the first solar cell region has an initial area corresponding to the product of the semiconductor wafer length and first width; minus the common area of the two corners

0 chamfer; And the second Naskh line with the first Naskh line defines a second region of the solar cell that does not include the beveled corners, and the metallization pattern “Gog” CB for the second solar cell region includes a second region corresponding to the product of the first length and a second width that is narrower than the first width; Where the first area and the second area are almost the same.

5 9c15. method according to Clause 8C15 where the length is about 156 mm or about 125 mm. 0 c. A method according to Clause 4C15 whereby the formation of the first copying line and the formation of the second copying line includes laser copying. 1 c. method according to clause 4C15 wherein the formation of the first metallization pattern includes the formation of the second metallization pattern and the formation of the third metallization pattern; on print.

0 12 5 1 method in accordance with paragraph 11 5 1 wherein the formation of the metallurgical pattern 1 includes the first » the formation of the second metallurgical pattern and the formation of the third metallization pattern; on stencil printing.

3c. Method according to § 11c15 Where Composition The first metallization mode involves forming a set of contact gaskets comprising silver. 4h. method in accordance with clause 4C15 wherein the formation of the first metallization pattern includes the formation of the second metallization pattern and the formation of the third metallization pattern; on electrophoresis. 15 c 15. method according to § 14c15 wherein the first metallurgical pattern includes; second metallization pattern; and pattern

The third metallization is on brass. 16 5 1 method according to § 54 1 where metallurgical type 1 of the first includes aluminium; tin; (dad) Copper and/or a conductor less expensive than silver. 17 5 1. A method according to § 54 1 where the semiconducting wafer comprises silicon.

0 18c15. A method according to § 17C15 wherein the semiconductor wafer comprises crystalline silicon. 15719 method according to clause 4c15 further includes the formation of a fourth metallization pattern on a second surface of the semiconductor wafer between the first outer edge and within 5 mm of the location of the second copy line. 0 1 5z20 method according to § 54 1 where surface J of the first has a first conductive type and the second surface has a second conductivity of a type opposite to the first conductive type.

5 21c15. Method according to § 4C15 wherein the fourth metallization pattern includes a contact gasket. 2c. Method Gg of § 3c15 also includes the application of a conductive adhesive to the semiconductor wafer. 15723 method according to paragraph 22C15 also includes placing the conductive adhesive in contact with the first finger 0

0 24c15. A method according to clause 23c15 wherein the application of the conductive adhesive comprises stenciling or mask deposition.

5 c. A method according to § 3c15 also includes the separation of a semiconductor wafer along the first copy line to form a first solar cell wafer incorporating the first metallization pattern. 6 pilgrimage. A method according to paragraph 25C15, where the separation includes applying a vacuum pressure to the first copy line. 27 c. 15. A method according to § 26c15 also includes placing the semiconducting wafer on a belt

moving to vacuum pressure. 5z28 1 method according to 5z25 1 also includes the sale position of a tag connected to the first solar cell bracket. 9 c. A method according to Paragraph 25C15 also includes:

0 Arrangement of the first solar cell strip in a first super cell comprising at least nineteen solar cell strips each having a breakdown voltage of at least 10 volts with long sides overlapping adjacent solar cell strips Conductive adhesive placed between ¢ and conductive adhesive maturation for adjoining bonding Overlapping solar cell segments connected electrically in series.

5 30 c 15. a method according to § 29c15 wherein the arrangement includes the formation of a layered structure incorporating an envelope; The method further includes the lamination of the layered structure. 1 c. A method according to § 30c15 in which the ripening, at least Tota, takes place during lamination. 2c. Method according to sell 30c15 in which the ripening occurs independently of lamination. 3c. Method according to clause 30C15 wherein the envelope comprises a thermoplastic olefin polymer.

0 34c15. Method according to § 30C15 wherein the layered structure comprises: a white back surface wafer ¢ f

Opaque slices on white back surface wafer. 5 c. The lg method of paragraph 29c15, where the arrangement includes determining the spread of the conductive adhesive by the characteristic of the metallization pattern. 6 c. Method according to § 35C15 wherein the metallization pattern feature is on the front surface of the first solar cell strip. 115237 method according to § 29C15 also includes the placement of the conductive adhesive between the first supercell and interconnection of a second supercell respectively. 5z3 8 1 . Method according to 5z29 1 EIS comprises the configuration of a bonded conductor between a single branching supercell diode 1 to a first 3 single branching diode located in a first junction box Bas ol

0 1 7 A first parasol in T< equipment is compatible with a second junction box Bas ol 7 A second parasol. 5z39 1 method according to 5z29 1 where: The first solar cell segment includes a beveled Jol corner; the long side of an overlapping solar cell bracket of the first supercell; Beveled second corner not included; And

5 The width of the first solar cell strip is greater than the overlapping width of the solar cell strip; Where the first solar cell slice and the overlap of the solar cell slice have approximately the same area of the slice. 5z40 1 method according to 5z29 1 where: The first solar cell segment includes a beveled Jol corner;

0 for the long side of an interleaved solar cell slice of the first supercell; Includes a second beveled corner; And

the long side of the overlap of the solar cell bracket; Overlapping of the long side of the first solar cell bracket not including the first beveled corner. 1 c. Method includes:

A first conductor or a row of contact gaskets arranged parallel to and adjacent to a first outer edge of the wafer and a second conductor or a row of contact gaskets arranged parallel to and adjacent to a second outer edge of the wafer opposite from and parallel to the first edge of the wafer; detach a silicon wafer along one or more graph lines parallel to the first and second outer edges of the wafer to form an array of rectangular solar cells; with the first conductive rod or

0 row of contact pads arranged parallel to and adjacent to a long outer edge of a first row of rectangular solar cells and the second busbar or a row of contact pads arranged parallel to and adjacent to a long outer edge of a second row of rectangular solar cells; Arranging the rectangular solar cells in line with the long sides of adjacent solar cells that are intertwined and connected conductively to each other to electrically connect the solar cells 5 in a row to form the supercell; Wherein the first conducting rod or row of contact pads on the first cell of a rectangular solar cell is interleaved by and conductively bonded to a bottom surface of the adjacent rectangular solar cell of the supercell. 62 1. The method according to clause 1 6 1 ¢ wherein the second conductive rod or row of contact pads 0 on the second of a rectangular solar cell is interleaved by and conductively bonded to a lower surface of the adjacent rectangular solar cell of the supercell. 3c. Method according to SAL 1671) where the silicon wafer is awful or the pseudo square silicon wafer.

4c. method according to sll 3c16; Cus the silicon wafer has sides of about 125 mm long or about 156 mm long. 5 c. the method according to Paragraph 3C16; Where the ratio of length to width of each rectangular solar cell is between about 2:1 and about 20:1.

6 c 16. Method according to clause 1671) where the silicon wafer is 67 1 crystalline silicon wafer. Method according to clause 1 6 1 ¢ wherein the first conductive rod f or row of contact gaskets and the second conductive rod or row of contact gaskets are present In the edge regions of the silicon wafer, light is converted to electricity less efficiently than in the central regions of the silicon wafer.

0 8c16. the method according to Paragraph 1C16; Where the metallization pattern of the front surface comprises a first set of parallel fingers electrically connected to the first conductive rod or row of contact pads extending inward from the first outer edge of the wafer and a second set of parallel fingers electrically connected to the second conductive rod or row of contact pads extending towards the inside of the second outer edge of the wafer.

5 9c16. Method Gd of §1c16; Where the metallization pattern of the front surface comprises at least a third conducting rod or row of parallel oriented contact gaskets J located between the first conducting rod J or row of contact gaskets and the second conducting rod or row of contact gaskets and a third set of parallel oriented fingers perpendicular to and electrically connected to the third busbar or row of contact pads; The third conductive rod or row of gaskets

0 The contact is arranged in equilibrium with and adjacent to the long outer edge of the third of the rectangular solar cells after the silicon wafer is separated to form a group of rectangular solar cells. 0 c. the method according to Paragraph 1C16; It consists of applying a conductive adhesive to the first conductive rod or a row of contact gaskets and attaching it conductively with the first rectangular solar cell to the adjacent solar cell.

1 c. the method according to Paragraph 10C16; Where a metallization pattern includes a Gee barrier to determine the diffusion of the conductive dan material. 2. The method according to Paragraph 10C16; It includes applying conductive adhesive to stenciling. 13c16. the method according to Paragraph 10C16; It includes the application of the conductive adhesive to the print

with ink jet. 4c. the method according to Paragraph 10C16; The conductive adhesive is placed before the graph lines are formed in the silicon wafer. 5 c. The method according to clause 1671) whereby separating a silicon wafer with a length of one or more arc lines to bend the silicon wafer against the arched support surface and then slitting the silicon wafer along one or JST of the graph lines. 6c. The method is according to clause 1c16 where: The silicon wafer is The dummy shaped silicone wafer has dug beveled corners

5 Separation of the silicon wafer to form an array of rectangular solar cells One or more rectangular solar cells having one or more beveled corners; And the spacing between the graph lines is chosen to equalize the beveled corners so that the width perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rectangular solar cells that include the beveled corners is greater than the width perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rectangular solar cells that lack corners

0 chamfer; So that each of the array of rectangular solar cells in the supercell has a front surface of the same area of substantially the same exposure to light in the operation of the supercell. 7 c. The method according to (16x1 sald) includes arranging the supercell in a layered structure between a transparent front wafer and a back wafer and lamination of the layered structure.

8 c. the method according to Paragraph 17C16; Where the layered dll lamination completes the maturation of a conductive adhesive placed between adjacent rectangular solar cells in the supercell to conductively connect adjacent rectangular solar cells to each other. 9 c. the method according to Paragraph 17C16; wherein the supercell is arranged in the layered structure in one of two or more parallel rows of supercells; The backing plate shall be a white wafer comprising dark, parallel strips having places and widths corresponding to the places and widths of the spaces between two or more rows of supercells such that the white backing portions are not visible through the spaces between rows of supercells in the aggregate unit. 0 c. the method according to Paragraph 17C16; Where the front panel and the back panel are 0 glass panels and the supercell is encapsulated in a flexible olefin layer Ll sandwiched between the glass panels. 1 pilgrimage. The method according to § 1671 includes the arrangement of the supercell in a first unit comprising a junction box in a matching device with a second junction box for a second sun 7 unit. al. Solar module comprising: array of supercells arranged in two or AST rows (cgi) Each supercell comprising 5 arrays of rectangular or extra-rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of the solar cells Adjacent silicon overlapping and conductively connected directly to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; A first contact gasket with a non-Us socket located on the rear surface of a first solar cell located at an intermediate position along the length of a first supercell; a first electrical interconnect which is conductively connected to the first contact gasket into a concealed outlet; Whereas the first electrical interconnection has an alga mitigation feature that accommodates a differential thermal expansion between the interconnection and the silicon solar cell to which it is to be bonded.

2 The solar module according to [a] shall include a gasket that is second contact with the existing concealed outlet

On the back surface of the second solar cell is the first adjacent solar cell at a position

Averaged along a second row of cells (ABW) where the first contact pad with a discreet socket is

Electrically connected to the second contact gasket in a concealed outlet through the first electrical interconnection.

3D The solar module according to paragraph a2 where the first electrical interconnection extends through a space between

The first supercell and the second supercell and are conductively connected to the second contact gasket

in an undisclosed socket.

4 d. The solar module according to [a] shall have a gasket that is second contact with the existing concealed outlet

0 on the back surface of the second solar cell lies another intermediate position along the first one of the supercells. A second electrical interconnect is conductively connected to the second contact gasket to a concealed outlet and the branching diode is electrically connected to the first electrical interconnection and the second electrical interconnection in parallel with the solar cells located between the first contact gasket to a concealed outlet and the second contact gasket to a concealed outlet.

5 kd. A solar module according to cal wherein the first concealed socket contact pad is one of a set of concealed socket contact pads arranged on the rear surface of the first solar cell in a row extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first solar cell; and the first electrical interconnection and are connected conductively to each of the group of contacts and extend far along the length of the first solar cell along the longitudinal axis.

0 6 d. the solar module according to D1 wherein the first contact pad is located in a discreet socket adjacent to a short side of the rear surface of the first solar cell; The first electrical interconnection does not extend very far inward from the contact pad to a discreet socket along the longitudinal axis of the solar cell; The back surface metallization pattern on the first solar cell provides a conductive path to the interconnect having a plate resistivity of less than or equal to about 5 ohms per square metre.

7 d. The solar module according to clause 6d where the panel resistance is less than or equal to about 2.5

Ohm per meter is terrible.

8 d. The solar module according to clause 06 wherein the first interconnection has two lugs

placed on opposite sides of the stress relief feature; And one of the lugs is tied on

Connected to the first contact gasket in a concealed outlet.

9 d. solar module according to 8d; where two of the lugs are of different lengths.

0D The solar module according to 1a where the first electrical interconnection has features

Alignment Determines the alignment of the plated with the first contact gasket with a hidden socket.

1D The solar module according to clause 1a where the first electrical interconnect has 0 alignment features specifying a required edge alignment of the first supercell.

2. The solar unit, according to paragraph D1, is arranged in a roofed manner, overlapping with another solar unit

electrically connected to it in an overlapping area.

al 3 . Solar unit includes:

front panel of glass; 5 1 Backboard;

A group of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows between the headboard

glass and back plate” Each supercell comprises an array of rectangular solar cells or

Largely rectangular silicon arranged in line with long sides of cells

Adjacent silicon solar panels interlocking and flexibly bonded directly to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; And

The first electrically flexible interconnection is rigidly bonded conductively to a first cell of

supercells

The flexible conductive bonds between the interleaved solar cells provide mechanical compatibility with the supercells that accommodates the mismatch in thermal expansion between the super LAY and the glass front plate in a parallel row direction for a temperature range of about -40 C to about 100 C without damaging the solar module; And

wherein the rigid conductive bond between the first supercell and the first elastic electrical interconductor causes the first elastic electrical interconductor to accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the first supercell and the first elastic interconnection in a direction perpendicular to the rows for a temperature range of about -40 °C to about 180m without damaging the solar module. 4 d. solar module according to 13d; Where are the conductive bonds between adjacent solar cells

0 overlaps within the supercell use a different conductive adhesive than the conductive bonds between the supercell and the flexible electrical interconnect 5d. The solar module according to Clause 14d, where each of the conductive adhesives can be cured in the same curing step. 6. The solar module according to clause 13d where the conductive bond on one side of at least one 5 of the solar cell inside the supercell uses a different conductive adhesive than the conductive bond on the other side 7d. The solar module according to Clause 16d, where each of the conductive adhesives can be cured in the same curing step. 8 d. solar module according to 13d; Where the conductive bonds between adjacent 0 interlocking solar cells accommodate the differential motion between each cell and the glass front plate is greater than or equal to about 15 microns.

9. The solar module according to clause 13d where the conductive bonds between adjacent solar LANs interlaced have a thickness perpendicular to the solar cells of less than or equal to about 50 microns and a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cells greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/(m-k) . 0.. the solar module according to clause 3 cal where the first elastic interconnection withstands the thermal expansion or contraction of the first elastic interconnection is greater than or equal to about 40 microns. 1. The solar module according to yall 13d where the part of the first flexible electrical interconnection connected in a conductive way to the supercell is similar to eda yi formed from wala 3 and has a perpendicular Slaw on the surface of the solar cell associated with it of less than or equal to about 50 microns. 2 . The solar module according to clause 521 where the hall of the first flexible electrical interconnect connected in a conductive manner to the supercell is similar to eda yi formed from wala 3 and has a perpendicular Slaw on the surface of the solar cell associated with it of less than or equal to about 30 μm. 3. The solar module according to clause 521 wherein the first flexible electrical interconnection has ein an embedded copper conductor that is not bonded to the solar cell and provides a conductivity higher than nll than the first flexible electrical interconnection that is conductively bonded to the solar cell. 5 24 d. The solar module according to clause a2] wherein the first flexible electrical interconnection has a width greater than or equal to about 10 mm in the plane of the solar cell surface in a direction perpendicular to the current flow through the interconnection. 5. The solar module according to Paragraph 521, where the first flexible electrical interconnection is connected in a conductive way to a conductor close to the solar cell that provides a conductivity higher than the first electrical interconnection 0. 6. The solar unit, according to Paragraph 213, is arranged in a roofed manner, overlapping with another solar unit to which it is connected electrically in an overlapping area. 27. Solar unit includes:

A group of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows; Each supercell comprises an array of rectangular or very rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively directly connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells on sesh 5

A contact gasket with a discreet outlet that does not conduct much current in normal operation is located on the back surface of a first solar cell ¢ where the first solar cell is at a position intermediate along the length of a first of the supercells in

0 in parallel to at least the second solar cell in a second row of supercells. 8 d. The solar module according to clause 7d includes an electrical interconnection connected to the contact gasket with a concealed outlet and an electrical interconnection of the contact gasket with a concealed outlet to the solar cell cal, where the electrical interconnection does not extend to a great extent along the length of the first solar cell and the metallization pattern of the back surface on the solar cell The first provides a conductive path to the outlet contact gasket

It is not shown that the resistivity of the board is less than or equal to about 5 ohms per square metre. L329 solar module according to clause 227) where an array of supercells is arranged in three or more parallel rows extending along the width of the solar module perpendicular to the rows; and a concealed outlet contact pad is electrically connected to a concealed contact pad on at least one The solar cell has in each of the rows of superconducting cells rows

0 supercells in parallel; JS connection At least one data transmission At least one to a contact pad with a concealed socket or to an interconnect between the contact pads with a concealed socket connected to a branching diode or electronic device AT 30 The solar module according to clause 27 has an electrical interconnect (pe) connected conductively to the contact gasket dale is not visible to connect it electrically to the solar cell Lal where:

The segment of the flexible electrical interconnection being conductively attached to the contact gasket to a discreet socket eda yi shaped like a wala and having a perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell to which it is attached is less than or equal to about 50 microns; And the conductive bond between the contact gasket with a concealed outlet and the flexible electrical interconnection drives the elastic electrical interconnection to bear a mismatch in thermal expansion between the first solar cell and the flexible interconnection »; And to accommodate the relative movement between the first solar cell and the second solar cell resulting from thermal expansion for a temperature range ranging from about -40 C to about 180 2 without damaging the solar module. 1. The solar module according to Paragraph 227 (where in the operation of the solar module the contact gasket other than 0 the first phenomenon can conduct a current greater than the current generated in any one of the solar cells. 2. The solar module according to Paragraph 027 where the front surface of the first solar cell which means 3. A solar module according to clause 27d wherein any area of the front surface of the solar cell (JN) 5 that is not overlapped by gia of the adjacent solar cell in the first supercell is not occupied by contact gaskets or any other Another feature of interconnection. 4. The solar unit in accordance with paragraph 27, where in each supercell, most of the cells do not have gaskets that are in contact with a hidden outlet. 5. The solar module according to Paragraph 034 (Gua). Cells that have gaskets that come into contact with a concealed outlet have a greater light gathering area than cells that do not have gaskets that come into contact with a concealed outlet. 6. The solar module according to Paragraph 227 “arranged in a roofed manner overlapping with a solar module 237. A solar unit that is electrically connected to it in an overlapping area.

front panel of glass;

backboard

A group of supercells arranged in two or more parallel rows between the headboard

Glass and back plate » Each supercell comprises an array of rectangular or very rectangular silicon solar cells arranged in line with long sides of the cells

Adjacent silicon solar panels are interlocked and flexibly bonded in a direct-to-connect manner

some to electrically connect silicon solar cells in series; And

The first electrically flexible interconnection is rigidly connected conductively to a first cell of

supercells;

0 1 where flexible conductive bonds are formed between the interlocking solar cells from a first adhesive material and have a shear modulus of less than or equal to about 800 MPa; Wherein, the rigid conductive bond between the first supercell and the first elastomeric interconnection is formed from a second conductive adhesive and has a shear modulus of greater than or equal to about 0 MPa.

5 38 d. The solar module according to clause 0237, where the first conductive adhesive and the second conductive adhesive are different 3 and the z of each of the conductive material daa can be added in the same curing step 9. A solar module in accordance with clause 037 where the conductive bonds between adjacent solar LANs have a thickness perpendicular to the solar cells of less than or equal to about 50 microns

And a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cells is greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/(m-K). 0 . The solar unit according to Clause 037 “is arranged in a roofed manner overlapping with another solar unit to which it is connected electrically in an overlapping area.

1e. A solar module comprising: a number not greater than or equal to about 150 LAN rectangular or substantially rectangular silicon solar panels arranged as an array of supercells in two or more parallel rows; Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells

interlocking and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect silicon solar cells in series; The supercells are electrically connected to provide a high direct current voltage of ≥90 volts. 2e. A solar unit according to cal comprising one or more flexible sesh interconnectors arranged for electrical connection a group of supercells in series to provide direct current voltage

0 elevated. 3e. solar module according to 2e; Unit-level power electronics include a transformer that converts high DC voltage to AC voltage. 4e. solar module according to 3e; Where the unit-level power electronics sense elevated direct current voltages and operate the unit at an optimum current voltage capability point.

5 5e. A cal solar module comprises module-level power electronics electrically connected into single pairs adjacent to consecutively connected rows of supercells. Electrically connect one or more pairs of rows of supercells in series to provide high direct current voltages; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage into alternating current voltage. 6e. The solar module according to paragraph A5 where the electronics sense the power at the module level

0 voltage across each single pair of supercell rows and occupies each single pair of supercell rows at an optimum current voltage capacity point. 7e. solar module in accordance with clause 6e; Wherein the unit-level power electronics switch a single pair of rows of supercells from a high DC voltage supply circuit if the voltage across the pair of rows is below a limit value.

8e. A cal solar module comprises module-level power electronics electrically connected to each individual row of supercells. electrically connect two or more rows of supercells in series to provide high direct current voltage; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage into alternating current voltage.

9e. solar module in accordance with clause 8e; Where unit-level power electronics sense the voltage across each individual row of supercells and operate each individual row of supercells at an optimum current voltage capability point. 0e. solar module in accordance with clause 9e; Wherein the unit-level power electronics switch an individual row of supercells from a high-voltage direct-current supply circuit if the voltage across

0 The row of hyper cells is below a threshold value. 1e. A solar module according to clause al comprises module-level power electronics electrically connected to each individual supercell; Wile connects two or more supercells in series to provide high direct current voltages; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage into alternating current voltage.

5 12 e. The solar module according to [al] wherein the module-level power electronics sense the voltage across each individual supercell and operate each individual supercell at a corresponding current voltage power point. 3e. The solar module in accordance with clause 212 where electronics unit-level power switch single supercell from a high DC voltage supply circuit if the voltage across the supercell is below a limit value.

0 14 e. solar module according to ca] in which each supercell is electrically divided into a group of sections by an undisclosed ale; The solar module comprises the power electronics at both module levels electrically connected to each section of each supercell through discreet sockets; Electrically connected to two or sections in series to provide high direct current voltages; It includes a transformer that converts high direct current voltage into alternating current voltage.

5e. the solar module in accordance with Paragraph 14 e; Cus electronics unit level power sensing

The voltage across each individual section of each supercell and occupies each individual section at an amperage voltage capacity point

6. The solar module according to Clause 15e; Where electronics power is at the unit-key department level

Single from a high voltage DC supply circuit if the voltage across the section is less than

boundary value.

7e. solar module according to any of paragraphs a 6 e; 9e; 12 e; or 15H; where is a point

The optimum voltage current capacity is the maximum current-voltage capacity point.

8e. solar module according to any of paragraphs 3H-17H; Cus electronics unit level power lacks a direct current to direct current boost component.

219 Solar Unit according to any of Paragraphs 1H-18H; where is not greater than or equal to about

0. Greater than or equal to about 250 Greater than or equal to about 300 Greater than or equal to

about 350; greater than or equal to about 400; greater than or equal to about 450; greater than or

equals about 500; greater than or equal to about 550; Greater than or equal to about 600 Greater than or equal to 1 5 650’ Or greater than or equal to about 700.

0e. solar module according to any of paragraphs 1H-19H; Where is the high direct current voltage

Greater than or equal to about 120 volts Greater than or equal to about 180 volts Greater than or equal to

about 240 volts greater than or equal to about 300 volts greater than or equal to about 360 volts

Greater than or equal to about 420V Greater than or equal to about 480V Greater than or equal to 0 About 540V or greater than or equal to about 600V.

1 2 e. Photovoltaic solar system includes:

Two or more solar modules electrically connected in parallel; And

adapter 3

Where each solar module comprises a number not greater than or equal to about 150 rectangular or very rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as an array of supercells in two or ST parallel rows; Each supercell in each sang comprises two or more silicon solar LAYs in that unit arranged inline with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other to connect

electrolytic silicon solar cells in series” and in each sang the supercells are electrically connected to provide a direct current unit output of high voltage greater than or equal to about 90 volts; Where the converter is electrically connected to the two or more solar modules to convert their high-voltage direct current output into alternating current.

0 22 e. photovoltaic solar system in accordance with clause 21e; Where each solar module includes one or more flexible electrical interconnects arranged to electrically connect the super LAY in the solar module in series to provide high voltage direct current output to the solar module. 3. The photovoltaic solar system according to Gall 21e; Includes at least a third solar module electrically connected in series with a first cell of two or more solar modules

5 electrically connected in parallel; wherein the third solar module comprises a number SN of or equal to about 150 rectangular or very rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as an array of supercells in two or more parallel rows; Each supercell in the third solar module comprises two or more silicon solar cells in that module arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and linked

0 in a conductive manner to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; In the third solar module the supercells are electrically connected to provide a high voltage direct current output to the module of greater than or equal to about 90 volts. 224 The photovoltaic solar system according to Paragraph 23E »includes at least a fourth solar unit connected electrically in series with a second row of two or more solar units

electrically connected in parallel; Whereas, the fourth solar module comprises an STN number of or equal to about 150 rectangular or more or less rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as a group of supercells in two or more parallel rows. Each supercell of the fourth solar module comprises two or more Of the silicon solar cells in that the unit is arranged on the same line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapping and connected conductively to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in a row »and in the fourth solar unit the super cells are electrically connected to provide direct current output With high unit voltage is greater than or equal to about 90V. 5 pm The photovoltaic solar system according to paragraphs 21H-24H; Includes order 0 fuses to prevent a short circuit in any one of the solar modules from dissipating the power generated by the other solar modules. 6 pm. The photovoltaic solar system according to any of Paragraphs 21H-25H; It includes blocking diodes arranged to prevent a short circuit in any one of the solar modules from dissipating the power generated by the other solar modules. 5 27 e. The photovoltaic solar system according to any of Paragraphs 21H-26H; It includes positive and negative cables to which the two or more solar modules are electrically connected in parallel and the transformer is electrically connected to them. 8 e. The solar voltaic system Spa according to any of paragraphs 1 226-22 comprises a collector box to which the two or more solar modules are electrically connected by a separate conductor”; 0 The collector box electrically connects the solar modules in parallel. 229 Solar Voltaic System Spa according to clause 228 where the collector box shall include fuses arranged to prevent a short circuit in any one of the solar modules from dissipating the power generated by the other solar modules.

230 Solar Voltaic System Spa according to clause 228 or clause 9e where the collector box shall include blocking diodes arranged to prevent a short circuit in any one of the solar modules from dissipating the power generated by the other solar modules. 231 Solar Photovoltaic System according to any of Paragraphs 21H-30H; where the converter is

It is designed to operate the solar modules at a direct current voltage, el, from the lowest set value, to avoid tilting the module back. 2 m. The photovoltaic solar system according to any of Paragraphs 21H-30H; Where the inverter is configured to recognize the reverse Alef condition and operates the solar modules with a voltage that avoids the reverse tilt condition.

0 33 e. solar module according to any of clauses 221-232 where it is not greater than or equal to about 200« greater than or equal to about 250 greater than or equal to about 300» greater than or equal to about 350; greater than or equal to about 400 greater than or equal to about 450; greater than or equal to about 500; greater than or equal to about 550 greater than or equal to about 600 greater than or equal to about 650 or greater than or equal to about 700

5 34 AH. The solar unit according to any of the paragraphs 21 AH-33 AH; where the high DC voltage is greater than or equal to about 120 V greater than or equal to about 180 V; greater than or equal to about 240 dali greater than or equal to about 300 volts; greater than or equal to about 0 volts greater than or equal to about 420 volts greater than or equal to about 480 dads greater than or equal to about 540 volts or greater than or equal to about 600 volts.

0 35 e. The photovoltaic solar system according to any of the paragraphs 221-234 placed above 6 3 e. Photovoltaic solar system includes:

A first solar module has a SIN number of or equal to about 150 solar WAY

The elongated or substantially rectangular silicon is arranged as an array of supercells in two

or more in parallel rows; each supercell comprises an array of solar cells

Silicon arranged in line with the long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded to each other to electrically connect the solar cells from

straight silicon; And

adapter;

The supercells are electrically connected to provide a high direct current voltage of greater than or

equals about 90 volts to the transformer; which converts direct current into alternating current.

0 317 e. photovoltaic solar system in accordance with clause 36e; The converter is a micro-inverter integrated with the first solar module.

238 Photovoltaic Solar System in accordance with Paragraph 36E »; Whereas, the first solar module comprises one or more flexible electrical interconnections arranged to electrically connect the supercells of the solar module in series to provide a high voltage direct current output to the solar module.

5 39 e. The photovoltaic solar system according to any of paragraphs 36H-38H; comprising at least the second solar module electrically connected in series with the first solar module; Wherein the second solar module comprises a number not greater than or equal to about 150 WAY rectangular or substantially rectangular silicon solar panels arranged as an array of supercells in two or more parallel rows; Each supercell in a second solar module contains two or more solar cells

0 silicon solar cells in that the unit is arranged in line with long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the silicon solar cells in series; In the second solar module the supercells are electrically connected to provide a high voltage direct current output to the module of greater than or equal to about 90 volts.

0e. The solar module according to any of clauses 236-239 where the converter lacks a DC-to-DC boosting component. 1e. solar module according to any of clauses 240-236 where it is not greater than or equal to about 200« greater than or equal to about 250 greater than or equal to about 300» greater than or equal to about 350; greater than or equal to about 400; greater than or equal to about 450; greater than or equal to about 500; greater than or equal to about 550 greater than or equal to about 600 greater than or equal to about 650; or greater than or equal to about 700.2 e. The solar unit according to me from paragraphs 36 AH-41 AH; Cun High DC voltage is greater than or equal to about 120V greater than or equal to about 180V; greater than or equal to about 240 ald greater than or equal to about 300 alg greater than or equal to about 0 volts greater than or equal to about 420 dal greater than or equal to about 480 volts; Greater than or equal to about 540V or greater than or equal to about 600V. 243 solar modules comprising: a number not greater than or equal to about 250 rectangular or very much rectangular 5 silicon solar cells arranged as a group of cells connected in super series in two or JST of parallel rows; Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded directly to each other with an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive to electrically conduct the silicon solar cells in the supercell respectively; and 0 is less than one branching diode per 25 solar cells; Wherein the thermally and electrically conductive adhesive forms bonds between adjacent solar WIAs having a thickness perpendicular to the solar cells of less than or equal to about 50 microns and a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar cells greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/(m-K).

4 e. The solar module according to paragraph 43 e », where the super cells are encapsulated in a thermoplastic olefin layer between the front and back wafer. 245 solar module according to paragraph 43 e », where the super cells are encapsulated between the front and back glass sheets.

46 e. The solar module according to Paragraph 43 e; Include less than one branching diode for every 30 solar cells; or less than one branching diode per 50 solar cells; or less than one branching diode per 100 solar cells; or only one branching diode; or does not include a bypass diode. 7e. The solar module according to Paragraph 43 e; It does not include a bypass diode; or a single diode

0 only for branching; or not more than three branching diodes; or not more than six branching diodes; or no more than ten branching diodes. 8e. The solar module according to Paragraph 43 e; The conductive bonds between the interconnected solar cells provide mechanical compatibility with the supercells that accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the supercells and the glass front plate in a row-parallel direction for a temperature range of about -

5 40m to about 100m without damaging the solar module. 9e. The solar unit according to any of the paragraphs 43 AH-48 AH; where not greater than or equal to about 300 greater than or equal to about 350 greater than or equal to about 400« greater than or equal to about 0450 greater than or equal to about 500 greater than or equal to about 550; greater than or equal to about 600 greater than or equal to about 650; or greater than or equal to about 700.

0 50 e. The solar module according to any of clauses 243-249 wherein the supercells are electrically connected to provide a high direct current voltage of ≥120V; greater than or equal to about 180V; Greater than or equal to about 240V Greater than or equal to about 300V Greater than or equal to about 360V Greater than or equal to about 420V Greater than or

equal to about 480 volts greater than or equal to about 540 volts; or greater than or equal to about 0 volts. 1 th. A solar energy system that includes H the solar module according to Paragraph 43e; and an inverter electrically connected to the solar module and configured to convert the DC output of the solar module to provide AC output 252 of the solar power system in accordance with clause 251 where the inverter lacks DC for the DC booster component 3e. the solar energy system in accordance with Paragraph 51e; Where the transformer is configured to operate the solar module

0 at DC voltages above the lowest set value to avoid anti-tilting of the solar cell. 4e. the solar energy system in accordance with Paragraph 53 e; Cua is the lowest dad voltage based on temperature. 5e. the solar energy system in accordance with Paragraph 51 e; Where the inverter is configured to recognize the state of reverse tilt Jang The solar module at a voltage avoids the state of reverse tilt.

5 56 e. the solar energy system in accordance with Paragraph 55 e; Where the inverter is configured to operate the solar module in the local maximum area of the voltage-current capacity curves of the solar module to avoid the reverse tilt condition. It's gone. The solar energy system according to any of the paragraphs 1 256-256 where the converter is a micro converter integrated with the solar unit.

1f. solar WAN manufacturing method; The method includes: rendering the solar cell wafer along a Mohs surface; and

The solar cell against the arched surface and then slit the solar cell wafer along one or more pre-processed graph lines to separate a group of solar cells from the solar cell wafer. 2and. the method according to paragraph 1 [f; Where the arched surface is a curved portion of the upper surface of a vacuum manifold that applies vacuum pressure to the lower surface of the solar cell wafer. 3f. The method is according to paragraph 2f, where the vacuum pressure exerted on the lower surface of the solar cell wafer by the vacuum manifold varies along the direction of movement of the solar cell wafer and is strongest in the vacuum manifold region in which the solar cell wafer is split. 0 for atmosphere. The method according to §2f or §3f involves transporting the solar cell wafer along the arched upper surface of the vacuum manifold with a Cua (adie) belt. Vacuum pressure is applied to the lower surface of the solar cell wafer through holes in the perforated belt. The holes in the belt shall be so arranged that the protruding and trailing edges of the solar cell wafer along the direction of motion in the solar cell wafer shall cover at least one hole in the belt 6a. flat area of the upper surface of the vacuum manifold to reach the transitional arched region of the upper surface of the vacuum manifold which has a first curvature; and then introduce the solar cell wafer into the upper surface of the vacuum manifold fission region where the solar cell wafer is fission 3 the region of 0 fission of the vacuum manifold has a second curvature Narrower than the first curvature.

8f. the method in accordance with paragraph 7 and; Where the curvature of a cleavage region is determined by the continuous geometry of the increasing curvature. 9 and . the method in accordance with paragraph 6 and; It involves presenting the split solar cells in a post-fission region of the vacuum manifold having a third curvature narrower than the second curvature. 10f. The method according to § 9f where the curvatures of the arc region NEY) is a cleavage zone; The region after fission is defined by a single continuous geometry of increasing curvature. 1j. the method according to paragraph 7, paragraph 8f or paragraph 10f; Cus The continuous geometric shape of increasing curvature is a sail. 2j. The method according to any of paragraphs 51-511” involves applying stronger vacuum pressure between the solar cell wafer and the arched surface at one end of each copy line dag that at the opposite end of each copy line to provide an asymmetric voltage distribution along each copy line that enhances nucleation A single slit crack spread along each copy line. 3j. The method according to any of Paragraphs 1[f-12f] includes A) curved surface split solar cells; Where the edges of the split solar cells do not touch prior to removal of the solar cells from the curved surface. 4j. The method according to any of paragraphs 513-51 includes: laser copying the graph lines on the solar cell wafer; applying an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material to portions of the top surface of the solar cell wafer before bisecting the solar cell wafer along the graph lines; 0 where each split solar cell comprises a portion of electrically conductive adhesive tape placed along the split edge of its upper surface.

5j. The method according to Paragraph 514 “includes laser copying of stylus lines; And then put electrically conductive adhesive tape. 6j. the method in accordance with paragraph 14 and; It includes the application of an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material; And then laser copying the stencil lines.

17r. METHOD OF MANUFACTURE A solar cell series of split solar cells made by the method according to (BY §§ 516-514 Gus) Scattered solar cells are rectangular; the method includes: Arranging a group of rectangular solar cells in line with long sides of the rectangular solar cells Adjacent joints overlapped in a capped manner with a portion of an electrically conductive adhesive bonding material

0 placed between; maturation of the electrically conductive binder; Then connect the adjacent rectangular solar cells to each other and connect them electrically in series. 8j. the method according to any of paragraphs 1[f-17f; Where the solar cell chip is a terrible or a pseudo terrible silicon solar cell chip. 61. The manufacturing method is a series of solar cells; The method includes: forming a back surface metallization pattern on each one or more of the aerated solar cells; Stencil print an entire front surface metallized pattern onto each of one or more terrific solar cells using a one stencil in one stencil printing step; 9 each square solar cell into two or more rectangular solar cells 0 to form from one or more square solar cells a group of rectangular solar cells each comprising a full front surface metallization pattern and a rear surface metallization pattern;

Arranging a group of rectangular solar cells in line with long sides of adjacent rectangular solar cells overlapping in a roofed manner; The metallization pattern of the front surface of one of the rectangular solar cells in the pair to the pattern of the metallization of the front surface of one of the rectangular solar cells in the pair

Metallization of the back surface of the other rectangular solar cells in the pair; Then the electrical connection to a group of rectangular solar cells in series. 2. The method according to clause (G1 where all parts of the stencil defining one or more features of the metallization pattern of the front surface on one or more solar cells da yal) are bound

0 with physical connections to other parts of the stencil to extend in the plane of the stencil while printing a stencil. 3. The method according to gyal 61; Where the metallization pattern of the front surface on each rectangular solar cell includes a group of fingers oriented perpendicular to the long sides of the rectangular solar cell and one of the fingers in the metallization pattern of the front surface that is connected bale to each other

5 Some with a metal pattern for the front surface. 4. The method according to “G3” where the fingers have width values ranging from about 10 microns to about 90 microns. 5. The method according to “G3” where the fingers have width values ranging from about 10 microns to about 50 microns.

0 66. The method according to (G3) where the fingers have width values ranging from about 10 microns to about 30 microns. 7. The method according to paragraph 63, where the fingers have height values perpendicular to the front surface of the rectangular solar cell ranging from about 10 microns to about 50 microns.

8. The method according to “G3” where the fingers have vertical elevation values on the front surface of the rectangular solar cell of about 30 microns or greater. 9. The method according to (G3) wherein the metallization pattern of the front surface on each rectangular solar cell comprises a group of contact gaskets arranged parallel to and adjacent to an edge of the long side of the rectangular solar cell, so that each contact gasket is located at tip 1 of the corresponding toe.

0. Method according to (G3) wherein the back surface metallization pattern on each rectangular solar cell comprises a set of contact pads arranged in a row parallel to and adjacent to an edge of the long side of the rectangular solar cell; and each pair of adjacent overlapping rectangular solar WAY is arranged so that each of the gaskets touches the back surface on one of the pairs

0 rectangular solar cells are aligned with and electrically connected to a corresponding finger in the metallization pattern of the front surface on the other of the rectangular solar cells in the pair. 1. Method dg of ©63; wherein the back surface metallization pattern on each rectangular solar cell comprises a busbar running parallel to and adjacent to an edge of the long side of the rectangular solar cell; Each pair of adjacent overlapping rectangular solar cells is arranged with a rod

5 Connection on one of the pair of interlocking rectangular solar cells and electrically connected with the fingers in the metallization pattern of the front surface on the other cell of the rectangular solar cells in the pair. 2. Method in accordance with Cus (G3): The metallization pattern of the front surface on each rectangular solar cell comprising a set of contact pads arranged parallel to and adjacent to an edge of the long side of the rectangular solar cell; such that the contacts are arranged in a row parallel to and adjacent to the edge of the long side of the cell rectangular solar; and

Each pair of adjacent interlocking rectangular solar cells is arranged so that each of the back surface contact pads is on one of the pair of interlocking rectangular solar cells with and electrically connected to a corresponding contact pad in the metallization pattern of the front surface on the SAY cell of the rectangular solar cells in the pair .

613. The method according to (G12) wherein the rectangular solar cells in each pair of adjacent interlocking rectangular solar cells are conductively bonded to each other by distinct portions of electrically conductive binder placed between the front surface and back surface overlapping contact pads.

4. The method according to (G3) wherein the rectangular solar cells in each pair of adjacent interlocking rectangular 0 solar cells are conductively bonded to each other by distinct portions of electrically conductive binder placed between the overlapping ends of the fingers in the metallization pattern of the front surface of one pair of Rectangular solar cells and the pattern of metallization of the back surface of the other pair of rectangular solar LAY 5. The method according to “G3” where the rectangular solar cells in each pair of adjacent overlapping rectangular solar cells 5 are connected in a conductive way to each other with a broken or continuous line of electrically conductive binder placed between the overlapping ends of the fingers in the metallization pattern of the front surface of one pair of rectangular solar cells and the metallization pattern of the rear surface of the other pair of rectangular solar cells; continuous or dashed line 616. Method according to G3 where: The metallization pattern of the front surface on each rectangular solar cell comprising a set of contact pads arranged parallel to and next to an edge of the long side of the rectangular solar cell; so that each gasket is in contact with the corresponding fingertip; And

Rectangular solar cells in each pair of adjacent, overlapping rectangular solar cells are conductively connected to each other a distinct shal of electrically conductive binder material placed between the contact gaskets in the metallization pattern of the front surface of one pair of rectangular solar cells and the metallization pattern of the back surface of a pair A AY of rectangular solar cells. 617. The method according to paragraph G3, where:

The front surface metallization pattern on each rectangular solar cell comprises a set of contact pads arranged parallel to and adjacent to an edge of the long side of the rectangular solar cell; so that each gasket is in contact with the corresponding fingertip; And the rectangular solar cells in each pair of adjacent rectangular solar cells overlapping are

conductively joined together by a broken or continuous line of electrically conductive binder placed between the contact pads in the front surface metallization pattern of one pair of rectangular solar cells and the rear surface metallization pattern of the other pair of rectangular solar cells; Continuous or dashed line Electrically conductive bonding material An electrically interconnected connection of one or more fingers.

5 18g. the method in accordance with any of paragraphs 1g-17g; The metallization pattern of the front surface is formed from silver paste. 1 h. Method of manufacturing a group of solar cells; The method comprises: depositing one or more front-surface amorphous silicon layers onto a front-surface of a crystalline silicon wafer; Surface amorphous silicon layers

Front 0 is lit by light in running solar cells; Deposition of one or more back surface amorphous silicon layers on the back surface of a crystalline silicon wafer on the opposite side of the crystalline silicon wafer from the front surface;

Patterning of one or more front surface amorphous silicon layers to form one or more front surface grooves in one or more front surface amorphous silicon layers; Deposition of a front surface passivation layer on top of one or more front surface amorphous silicon layers and on the front surface f of grooves ¢ patterning of one or more back surface amorphous silicon layers to form one or more back surface grooves in one or more silicon layers amorphous posterior surface » each of one or more of the posterior surface grooves formed in line with a corresponding surface of the anterior surface grooves; Deposition of a back surface passivation layer on one or more amorphous silicon layers of the back surface 0 and in the back surface grooves; A crystalline silicon wafer is cleaved at one or more cleavage planes. Each cleavage plane is concentric or substantially concentric on a different pair of corresponding anterior and posterior surface grooves. 2h. the method according to paragraph 1h; It has one or more front surface grooves to penetrate the front surface amorphous silicon layers to reach the front surface of the crystalline silicon wafer. 5 3h. the method according to paragraph 1h; It involves forming one or more back-surface grooves to penetrate one or more back-surface amorphous silicon layers to reach the back surface of the crystalline silicon wafer. 4h. the method according to paragraph 1h; It consists of a front surface passivation layer and a back surface passivation layer of transparent conductive oxide. 0 5h. the method according to paragraph 1h; It involves the use of a laser to induce thermal stress in a crystalline silicon wafer to cleavage a crystalline silicon wafer at one or more cleavage planes.

6h. the method according to paragraph 1h; It comprises mechanically bifurcating a crystalline silicon wafer at one or more

More than split levels.

7h. the method according to paragraph 1h; where one or more layers of amorphous silicon surface

Anterior form 0-0 joint with .crystalline silicon wafer

#h. The method according to paragraph 7 comprises bifurcation of a crystalline silicon wafer from its surface side

posterior.

29 The method according to § 1 wherein one or more layers of amorphous silicon are formed

The back surface has an NP joint with a crystalline silicon wafer.

0h. The method according to 9h comprises bifurcation of a crystalline silicon wafer from its front 0 surface side.

z 11 Method for manufacturing an array of solar cells; The method includes:

The formation of one or more grooves in the Jol surface of a crystalline silicon wafer

wafer;

Deposition of one or more layers of amorphous silicon on the first surface of a crystalline silicon wafer; 5 Deposition of a passivation layer in the grooves and on one or more layers of amorphous silicon on

The first surface of a crystalline silicon wafer;

Deposition of one or more layers of amorphous silicon onto a second surface of a crystalline silicon wafer

On the opposite side of the crystalline silicon wafer from the first surface;

A cleavage of a crystalline silicon wafer at one or more cleavage planes. Each cleavage plane is 0 or more centered on one groove different from one or more grooves.

d 1 2 . The method according to 1 1 id comprises the formation of a damping layer of a transparent conductive oxide.

3h. The method according to paragraph 11h, comprises by using a laser to induce a thermal stress in a crystalline silicon wafer to bifurcate the crystalline silicon wafer at one or more planes of the cleavage. 4h. The method according to paragraph 11h comprises mechanically slicing a crystalline silicon wafer at one or more cleavage planes. 15h. Method according to clause 11 2) wherein one or more of the silicon layers form a first amorphous surface NP bond with a crystalline silicon wafer. NP with a crystalline silicon wafer 7h The method according to paragraph 11h where the first surface of the crystalline silicon wafer is illuminated with light 0 in the operation of solar cells 8h The method according to paragraph 11h where the second surface of the crystalline silicon wafer is illuminated with light in the operation of solar cells 9h. Solar plane comprising: 5 same line with terminal parts of adjacent solar WIA overlapped in a capped manner and conductively connected to each other to electrically connect the solar cells in series; where each solar cell includes a crystalline silicon base; one or more first surface non-silicon layers Crystalline placed on a first surface of a crystalline silicon base to form a joint (np) one or more amorphous silicon layers of a second surface placed on the second surface of a crystalline silicon base on the opposite side of the silica base crystalline formation of the first surface and passivation layers that prevent carrier combination at the edges of the first surface amorphous silicon layers; at the edges of the second surface amorphous silicon layers; Or at the edges of the first surface seams

Amorphous silicon layers, and the edges of the second surface are amorphous silicon layers. 0h. Solar panel according to §19) where the damping layers include a transparent conductive oxide. 1h. Solar panel according to sll 19h, wherein the supercells are arranged in a row; or in

two or more parallel rows; To form a front surface of the solar panel to be illuminated by solar radiation while the solar panel is in operation. G1. 7 solar module comprising: a number not greater than or equal to about 250 rectangular or very rectangular silicon solar cells arranged as a group of cells connected in super series in two or more rows

0 parallelism; Each supercell comprises an array of silicon solar cells arranged in line with the long sides of adjacent silicon solar cells overlapped and conductively bonded directly to each other with an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive to electrically conduct the silicon solar cells in the supercell respectively; and one or more branching diodes;

5 Where each pair of adjacent parallel rows of the solar module is electrically connected to the solar cell valve located centrally in one row of the pair and connected conductively to an electrical contact on the back surface on an adjacent solar cell in the other row of the pair. G2. The solar module according to yall G1 where each pair of adjacent parallel rows is connected

0 electrically connected to at least one of the other branching diodes which is conductively connected to an electrical contact on the back surface on an adjacent solar cell in the other row of the pair.

kg3. A solar module according to clause G2 where each pair of adjacent parallel rows is electrically connected to at least one of the other branching diodes which is conductively connected to an electrical contact on the back surface on an adjacent solar cell in the row

AY 5 from the pair. G4. A solar module according to clause G1 where the thermally and electrically conductive adhesive forms bonds between adjacent solar cells having a thickness perpendicular to the solar cell of less than or equal to about microns and a thermal conductivity perpendicular to the solar WAY greater than or equal to about 1.5 W/ (m-k). ).

0 x 5. The solar module according to clause G1, where the super cells are encapsulated in a thermoplastic olefin layer between the front and back glass sheets x6. The solar module according to Clause G1, where the conductive bonds between the overlapping solar cells provide mechanical compatibility with the supercells that accommodate the mismatch in thermal expansion between the supercells and the glass front panel in a direction parallel to the rows for a temperature range of about -40 C.

5 to about 100m without damaging the solar module. G7. The solar module according to any of Clauses G1-G6; where is not greater than or equal to about 0. greater than or equal to about 350,; greater than or equal to about 400 greater than or equal to about 450; greater than or equal to about 500; greater than or equal to about 550; greater than or equal to about 600 greater than or equal to about 650; or greater than or equal to about 700.

0 g8. The solar module according to any of paragraphs X1-G7; where the supercells are electrically connected to provide a high direct current voltage of ≥120 V ≥180 V; greater than or equal to about 240 V ST of or equal to about 300 V greater than or equal to about 360 V greater than or equal to about 420 V greater than or equal to

about 480 volts; greater than or equal to about 540 alg or greater than or equal to about 600 volts. G9. Solar energy system 7 nm (5 nm) on: the solar module in accordance with clause G1 ¢ and an inverter electrically connected to the solar module and prepared to convert the DC output of the solar module to provide AC output G10. solar energy system in accordance with clause G9; Where the inverter lacks DC for the DC booster component G11. The solar energy system is according to (Of) where the inverter is Lge to operate the solar module at

0 DC voltage is higher than the minimum dad set to avoid (Al) solar cell reversibility. G12. The solar energy system according to Clause G11 where the lowest voltage dad is based on temperature. G13. The solar energy system according to Clause Of, where the inverter is configured to recognize an anti-tilt condition and operates the solar module with a voltage that avoids the anti-tilt condition.

5 kg14. The solar energy system according to Clause G13, where the converter is prepared to operate the solar module in the maximum local area of the voltage-current capacity curves of the solar module to avoid the reverse tilt condition. G15. The solar energy system according to any of Clauses G9-G14; where the transformer is an exact transformer

. solar module Integrated with Microinverter solar module

0 This list is aly illustrative only. Where additional adjustments of an experienced person become apparent in

The scope in light of this disclosure is intended to fall within the scope of the scope of the attached protection elements.

Claims (3)

Protection elements 1- system; Includes: a scratch tool to form a set of lines etched into a solar cell wafer; A printer to apply a dase bonding material electrically conductive on a solar cell wafer; A belt from “Jal” after placing the electrically conductive binder on the solar cell wafer 5 wafer; Separation of the solar cell wafer along the scribe lines To provide a set of separated solar cell strips, Lake. 2- the system according to claim 1; Where the belt is a perforated belt and a manifold slat 0 Vacuum manifold Vacuum pressure on the bottom surface of the solar cell wafer. 3- The system according to claim 1; Where the printer is with a screen; Ink jet ¢ or by Star .mask printer 4- The system pursuant to claim 1; Where the scratch tool is a laser scriber. 5- system; Includes: Means for scribing a solar cell wafer solar cell wafer 20 to form a set of scribe lines on the solar cell wafer; means for applying an electrically conductive dase bonding material to a solar cell wafer; And “ad!” means, after placing an electrically conductive bonding material on the solar cell wafer; Solar cell wafer length 5 Etched lines to provide a set of physically separated solar cell strips. 6. The system pursuant to claim 1; It includes an Eh manifold where: The belt pushes the solar cell wafer along the surface of the vacuum manifold ¢ The vacuum manifold applies vacuum pressure to the bottom surface of the solar cell wafer through perforations In the process of pulling the solar cell wafer towards the surface of the vacuum manifold; And where the belt pushes the solar cell wafer along the surface of the vacuum manifold, the solar cell wafer is bent by the action of vacuum pressure against a curved eda from the surface of the vacuum manifold, in order to slit the solar cell wafer Solar cell wafer with the length of one or more etched lines .scribe lines 7- The system according to Clause 6, where the vacuum pressure applied to the bottom surface of the cell wafer 5081 by the vacuum manifold varies along the direction of the solar cell wafer thrust and is stronger in The surface area of the vacuum manifold where the solar cell wafer is slit. 8- dy SYStem of claim 6; Where the holes in the belt are arranged such that the front and back edges of the solar cell wafer along the direction of the cell wafer +5018 should overlap with at least one hole in the belt. 0 9 The system according to claim 6 where: the surface of the vacuum manifold 0 comprises a flat region ¢ a transitional curved region 007 adjacent to the flat region and having a first curvature; a cleavage zone adjacent to the seasons transitional curved region a second bend narrower than the first; And by pushing the solar cell wafer along the flat area region 5 » then to and through the transitional region; Then to the cleavage area where the solar cell wafer is slit by one length or SI of scribe lines. 0- The system according to claim 9 Cus The vacuum manifold exerts a stronger vacuum pressure in the cleavage region than in the flat region 1- The system according to claim 9< where: The surface of the vacuum manifold includes manifold 5 has a post-cleavage region adjacent to the cleavage region and has a third curvature narrower than the second curvature; The belt pushes the 50105 solar cell chips that are split from the solar cell wafer from the cleavage region to the post-cleavage region; With the third bend being narrow Lay with LUSH to prevent touching the split edges of the split solar cell slats in succession Cus, the split solar cell slats are pushed by belt 10 2- system la, system of protection element 11; The vacuum manifold exerts a stronger vacuum pressure in the cleavage region than the vacuum pressure applied in the flat region and the post-cleave region 5 13- The system according to claim 6, where The vacuum pressure applied by the vacuum manifold causes an asymmetric stress distribution along the scribe line that enhances the nucleation and propagation of a single clearing crack along the scribe line. 0 14- The system includes: a vacuum manifold with a surface; a belt that pushes a solar cell wafer along the surface of a vacuum manifold; where the vacuum manifold 0 applies vacuum pressure to the bottom surface of the solar cell wafer _ to bend the solar cell wafer against a curved gia of the surface of the vacuum manifold 0 and thus sequentially slit the solar cell The length of the group of engraved lines is scribe ,. solar cell wafer lines 5 5- The system according to claim 14 (where: the surface of the vacuum manifold includes a flat region; a transitional curved region adjacent to the flat region and having a first curvature” and a cleavage region adjacent to the transitional curved region region and has a second curvature narrower than the first slat; The belt pushes the solar cell wafer 5 along the flat region; then to and through the transition zone; then to the cleavage region where the solar cell wafer is slit by one length or SST of etched lines 501106. 6- System 71 according to claim 15; where the vacuum manifold 0 exerts a stronger fli pressure in the cleavage region aie in the flat region 7- system according to claim 15 (where: the surface of the vacuum manifold 0 includes The post-cleavage region is adjacent to the cleavage region and has a third bend narrower than the second bend; the belt pushes the 50105 solar cell chips split from the solar cell wafer into the cleavage region to the post-cleavage region; the third bend being narrow enough Sufficient to prevent the split edges of the split solar cell slats touching sequentially (Cus) the split solar cell slats are pushed by belt – 8- system according to protection element 14) where the vacuum pressure applied by 0 vacuum manifold causes the Asymmetric stress distribution along the scribe line which promotes nucleation and propagation of a single clearing crack along the scribe line 9- System 0 according to claim 14 includes a laser scriber 5 which It forms a set of lines etched into the cell chip Solar cell wafer. 0- The system according to claim 14 “includes a printer that places an electrically conductive bonding material on the solar cell wafer before splitting the solar cell wafer wafer. . ::::: B N N ’ 7 a b =::::: . . . . . . $ 3 A A A A A : : 1 1 . 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A L M A M M M A A HR A Receipt A A A A SRR RRR RRR A A A A A A A A A A A J: A ie i: A ie i: FE ERR SR L L L L H H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L a tite bette SPR el ERE IN LSet So ESSERE ARERR A SR PERE SS SH 3 + : 03 . : 8 No SN as Maaa Wal Log A and Jal St Fas Je Sees Se a Wal June A AN SEO Cotto RN Majli pO: If you are not dead lol RAR torte Rt hore TROT TRIN Tobi L L A "8 L mtn nn ee en A rn en Ah EE Sq Es Bo ane Ssh a mete eet 3 48 Sql issues see Kae Ah Sb: be ae Seb Ae ; A A A A A SAA, FE Haddah Ddah m—- A A A A L A L: SEER: FERRER Hg Ht H H H H H Ht Lh Hg H H H H H H H H Ht Lh Hg Hg Lh H H H H H Gh A Hala 0 8 Hg hu on te od b 2s 4 Ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh ah lah ah ah ahhh a ma l hn id ee a l l ja ja wa mes dann ds aa aa aa a la a la a a a a a a a a aa la a a a a a a a a a a a hay a a a a Haha. LURES: Vie: TERE EE 1 A + x + + on A RERUN BORE A RERUN BORE A RERUN BORE A FERRARI Vuuren Tress L A A L QB + 3 3 3 8 + 3 CE — Under Le Ci: See SUC RP OME AHO 0 2 ——— AMG REE RRR rR RR ee RR SE C AJ AJ AJAJ AJAT MJ JJ JJ Mag L PRS [ese: SNE A A A A A SAE Cw % Aj * Ad Dham SN SC of Homma 3 i AP 3 JMS a A > between C H H A J Y A L A A for ES Yasim al-Motamid. FEU NAMA SA Ju RE: WR EE Rg 7" § as 5 CARRIE: AUER: PRE ARIF RRA ee SLA. YA. M. S. 3 ; 3 gt a 3 3 + 5 5 ; EAM TTT mm mm mm mm mm mm prepared with mm mm SO yesterday 6 A ES rrr freer] HA A A ia ine. rested I G — TET 802 T L for the LLA, SRNR IARI i A R urea! The year when M Er SMR A 3 2 0 1 [onesie § ; i CARNAL AMY x : Lm RA” nes A asses Miyat AC Lameyah SI G—"-3 2 | —————— 1 ] M PN 1 L —C— —— NO VERY VERY VERY JH Yesterday I M SE SS AAA) == 3 + 0 =: Lee Lamji SS SM Woman ie: AME a a —— ey a Sun a 0 I Ta S— CURR JARI. Sun 3 Sans. 37 SAMA AAA AY A Al-Hah Hala NCR Lamha Aa SAR: NEN 35 Lahi 4 446 D MANE EMMI AMMAN, ESS AANA SANNA: AANA: NARA, RS east sivas ipa c a sr llal irae rae ree ae em a ee t l t l t l l sir ood : & ack mmh bmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm MA. Nee J: N T N L H: 8 8 N an RA 0 5 : A 3 — N AA AS TAM 4 Xr | aaa: ene ‎Lo A M 2 Yamid Yasib ‎A AT . ns nono eed A A ah ah AA PRR mahlah ERA Tl AE TH EA Se A SND EON: ANNE SYS Mag A Ja PR ER L i Sa Jed Sk: SA” st Ama Umm Lala A Alam Alam Aal [eRe] § 1: Aa A: Aa A: The reward is the pain, the pain, the mother, the mother, the six, the mother a. by SEETEEVET. ERESTERTY MR M L A SA Se Name EE Dah BE PR En: El Ait Anim Mada Hayy Shab Ladj Dj Hlab Dj Dj L Jjah: A CASTS EN NA 2 M seit IEREtRe: El eet = Alhakat fy SY SA: Ferree a ay ey Why the Sr Sallam Jhi SO Aja Last Hajj Fao FA Line “Nr 1 DVN 8 B A Aone > RN AUER AAA A Aone SMF AE SMF AE 3” 0 cs TTL issn A oot so R Sy a a a ES a a a a a m a a a a a a a m a a a a a a a m a a a a a a m a a a a a a m a a m a a t { a 1: A L a 3 by ro SEMA AMMAN 0 ER Ea rap = HE = Lamhi 3 Sey AH M eT Cl L L SET LSS SS AN BANE SNCS, VON MN. —— bere God So So SUE A LAH SS a SE with HS AON ONE NRE Tbj TI Se J Salam: Al-Hajjajda Ajj ne GL 5 B L L SUNIL ASI: LJS AOU MSD TML MSS Rts a. 53: Aa Sas le ETH mE aE aE 8 2 Ha Lasef and Amoh Asah Al-Lour A-Taqi Al-Won-R-A-F RRA Amad Tr. Ed al-Bā’ al-jalah 3 3 Nye 1 1 wt 1 3 0 1 1 8 Bora] 3 0 for eR a mn Sg or is . 3 . : FS X : SHR : EE t B EGRESS ENR Sb EE SE ROE KER RE La “9 Xe We are almost the machines, ENT TE DA ATA BL B EL AA A HY Incl by 3 + 3 1 : WE 3 : > Caan Four Ha Hat Bal 3 . . L L I TTT N.R. D DR SN A S90 A RD eh oh NR : bE EE Sa } hE 3 reg 3 Puc : H < 0 0 REELS: 2. Re a x - x 5 x m jam la saah a Baas ava Nava Malam AR Damah Ah XR Ah A L A A 5, 3 year old RRC AR with Li SH A L A L A A L RAE I NA SE BA pe St WC LT oo SHE po TR I went to live Gone 3 3 Badah Takhl WEN St SEE MD SE NER SE C A i 3 ay 3 y ECR 3 Mena aaa ea a a 3 3 3 >in H re SS SE] 2, 3 I TT TI STR TA ET eT a ‎ i LSet : Al-Mah bend Asah de End Bod Moen Ld - 3 3 Ce 3 on BE H 3 LN hi LA L SU SE EE LA i SEG hl rahli i 3 H ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ا EEE EEE EEE aN EEE LER: 3 3 RE Hala L A Sight A AN CAR A TA AAR ARRAN TAA 8 A LT 3 Yemeni 3 3 . H a a rp RY wn ye 3 Leeder lire l nih ihn ddaeilaaad ne E 3 : H = 3 Tne 3 a 13! 3 FE — a H i H IR 3 3 : H r lb ا ا ا ا ا AA A A AAA A AA AA AAA AAA A AAA A Aa 3 3 = 3 BE 3 ces ce cece coe ce cee cc co XT) 3 TT aa t aa t rm JO es aaa re aaaa Uo AA Sa IT SRL MAT and AJ 3 RINSING SSS IS BIR CR SRG MCAS i 3 INT 3 mn SS 1 4 PRET 1 RRR 1 01 SMe SR SRD im, YSN SE TNT A N HE 3 A A Ng Hefet Ait Jadhan wa Hajna Ny RAR I rest in peace to Ay A 3 Lamki Amth ta Hp TE Ata 7 3 Lad BS me 3 : Arab © Shes 9 Anib said to Jabat, to Jabat B EE, that the verses of Al-Jahh should stand, and you should stand in your body = El-Labi RY H 8 . ) RIE J SRE ER SIE MM 3 A We HN EAU 3 8 MM 3 i 3 PS TA H ee AHN ee HR ae oI Co oro 3 A L aaa aaa A A a SS RR ai i 3 3 : 3 ea i oe Te LT ALA LAT RIN FLAM i AE A “a, 3 BE Sa A Ea REL a IL DE Ea TRE Sa SRE aa a) i ENE RE EE 0 a 0 a ‎ H RR Wamen At Adi A SR We Rahan ER SR 3 3 3 3 J asa JRE ey Ra “is H A Mahya 7 T edie Fan 3 on I a nn live I aa a i ny 3 3 us 3 pCR SEAS ENE SESE SSE ER for 1 3 3 3 3 : : : 1 3 Anaides: 3 RRO Oe JR SI a Reet SECRET SENN A So ESR ETE 3 AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A #Jet Ta Alma Ta Al Haal ¥ 3 FE A EA AANA EES A A 3 3 3 3 3 A I RV SSS * SRY EAR 3 ni emis frm } meni 3 Accents Frm 8 Mukhamma Mm 3 Aaa Aa I In ni ety ne 3 3 Followed by 3 3 3 3 5 3 A Hak Laj A A TA AAA AAAS AAA AAA AAA AAS TI TR MRE ORR IRI RRR A H annie, and I wish I'd leave a j a a a a a ti been] a tra 3 PE eg Sa er para dais fanny pet R 3 3 ] . 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Sea ah SE 4: Al Bad Meg 5 Aqb Yesterday A 7 Yah - RII ~ Ey Mo RII % Aa Lt La L L Jah Jah Jah Ha Se | SARA: SANE SA" is ses ee © Ses Swe em" 4 4 8 Bakh Yah Ragab Yahya Ji Bji Yil Yar [i] 8 1 Ra A S: Hail Msta Lala because Al La Taanaid 3 1: A Shall Laz Lazt: Below A A Rt Yari and B J I Dsaji | 1 x ES EE Alma Al-Hah 3 2 Ty ad Dit : 2 Sd 8 : Abs Iii 1 : Opi .i 1 L 3 6 8 8 : A ce SG 3 1 : Fed me ya lah ala ala la a aa boni ie ahla ala lla gE = aaa : mahala lla the N : 3 a — 8 yasis aa 3 N 8 : N OS i: 0 N v : 8 3 x N 3 0 : R nA AAA AARA RN S ET. below aa. aauhbe 8 I didn't come until I didn't look \ Modi lm mm lm mm AA ALL: N 1 3 N iid 1 FIRE: SNE: SE: J 1 UE! 3 AS 0000 : 1 : N 3 3 L C A 8 T A L 8 : N 3 3 A : N L 2 N y : 2 ER 3 3 $ NANA NAN A a a a aa Si d nd The six touches rn a la a a a a a a a 1 N: 1 a brother to you to a 3 RN a N N 8 a 8: a t at a 1 1 A L A L A L A L SOOROONN SS A L A L A A 1 SA——— as 3 8 A A RM 3 N : ; F for SECERRIEEERERE: JUN AJ JAHJ JAH i 3 X = y i Ri im mi A for CURIE: RR od 8 1 X easy lap dead a (mmm mmm amd 8 aaa ant 0: . 1: Nex Ll: Ajtstt Tt a Tds yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy SRN: Yeddy Ka Le B Aa A 0: 0 A Ea id [38 B’a Allah : .: Ee. : 1 B 1 B DEN District 1 B 1 B 1 B : 8 Fhe EE FA EE 8 8 Mary 1 ER =, od i Af ed LL 3 SRNR. J! And this is the beginning of the year. Si, MIRE FO l l l saan : . m ri 0 1 ms YERER a : § Ye eng aaa 00 0 : no no no no no no no £m Sand 5 : : b "i tin ELEREEEEE SEE very Se es t J ATA NATI TA TA WED AMSA A BE A A A A WA WA WA A A WA WA WA WA A A WA AN MAAMMARRAMAANG SREGAMANIANIG MAMMA TR ATANANIAAL SAMMAANIR LE, here: We have come to the angles, for the 1 1 1 1 1. 2 a hae connections for BE EE raat, b b “1: EE oS lhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh” ANTE: NOES: SEN irae ae to irae ae to mah tahdama alala ER d Meee el togo to ga FARRER CERRO HER JENN mi 8 TaN i 1 3 Ri x RE FA EE FA : Fee aw 8 i 3 x PR Ms RES 1 b Fumes 0 BE BD og ER. 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VE3 3 1 a. . . i a a $i 0 yesterday a aan a a a a a a 4 8 21 REY 1 : 21 8 3 HH i —— : a ; 1 l l : EY 1 21 a 2 1 a a 1 1 0 21 the height of the t l l l l l 7 sharp 3 : A : - es io ) 0 8 0 0 5 . B (a 5 B ia weighted: SE SA he and a oe EY RG 1) Mewes: 1 0 b po 8 duck cake Ea Bas Ty & 3 Ww. OSCR IO HE 0 SO A Under SEU ESE SUE Ht ERR distracts the dead from the dead EERE eee I'm dying to be able to turn around - to replace it Extended: I surveyed the neighborhood of Hoss 8, a mosque, mmm, d, cu, ===, a, I saw, a touch, a, a, b. 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