RU96217U1 - DEVICE FOR THE PROCESSING OF HOUSEHOLD AND INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC WASTE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for processing household and industrial waste of organic origin, containing a pyrolysis reactor, consisting of two parts, and a system for separating steam-gas pyrolysis products, characterized in that it additionally contains a source of electromagnetic exposure, installed with the ability to affect the pyrolysis products in the second part reactor, the outlet of which is connected to a system for separating steam-gas pyrolysis products. ! 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrolysis reactor is made stationary. ! 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first part of the reactor is made in the form of a sealed outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, which contains feed screws with a variable pitch, having hollow shafts connected to the drive, a spiral guide is located between the inner and outer cylinders , a group of hot gas inlet pipes and a hot gas outlet pipe are installed on the outer cylinder, and an outlet pipe is connected to the inner cylinder. ! 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second part of the pyrolysis reactor can be made in the form of a sealed outer cylinder and an inner cylinder containing bladed screws located on shafts connected to the drive, between the inner and outer cylinders there is a spiral guide, outer the cylinder contains a group of hot gas inlet pipes and a hot gas outlet pipe, the inner cylinder contains a flange pipe for connection with the first part of the reactor, a steam-gas products outlet pipe and a solid product outlet pipe. ! 5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that

Description

The utility model relates to the processing of waste and the production of hydrocarbons from domestic and industrial organic waste by pyrolysis. The utility model can be used for the disposal of household, agricultural and industrial wastes of organic origin with the production of biogas waste, liquid petroleum products, and solid fuel components during processing.

In well-known systems for the processing and utilization of household and industrial wastes, in particular, such as manure, meat processing wastes, sawdust, peat, rubber, household wastes (cleaned from metals), etc., processes such as pressing and burial in burial sites are mainly used , microorganism-level biodegradation and high temperature processing.

In connection with the increase in waste volume, the principle of high-temperature decomposition becomes preferable, since burial in repositories and enzymatic decomposition of waste requires significant areas and is not considered profitable.

A known installation for the pyrolysis of household and municipal waste, containing a receiving funnel, a loading device, a shaft, a system for separating a gaseous mixture, including a duct with a damper and a condenser for the removal of combustible gases and liquid fuel, a gas purification system and a device for removing solid residue. (USSR author's certificate, No. 699287, IPC F23G 5/00, publ. 1979).

However, this installation has a low efficiency of waste processing, since the pyrolysis process proceeds with a clearly excessive oxygen content in the pyrolysis zone, which leads to excessive oxidation of the pyrolysis products and reduces the quality and quantity of the resulting fuel components.

A known installation for the processing of organic raw materials into fuel components (RF patent No. 2182684, IPC F23, G 5/027, publ. 05.20.02), containing means for supplying raw materials, a pyrolysis reactor equipped with an annular combustion chamber, a vapor-gas mixture separation system, a means for unloading. Placing the annular combustion chamber directly in the pyrolysis reactor leads to an increase in the efficiency of the process, however, in the indicated installation, the process of destruction of the waste does not allow achieving high-quality processing, since the reactor design is not designed for the use of pyrolysis with high temperatures.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed utility model is a device for producing hydrocarbons from household waste or waste and / or waste of organic materials (RF patent No. 2202589, IPC F23, G 5/027, publ. 10.10.03)

A device for implementing this method contains mainly a horizontal rotating reactor and a reactor with a helical stirrer. The horizontal rotary reactor carrying out the first cracking reaction includes a first cylindrical body, a loading device mounted at one end of the horizontal rotary reactor, and a first processing chamber mounted at its other end. The reactor with a helical stirrer, carrying out the second cracking reaction, includes a second cylindrical body connected to the first processing chamber and a second processing chamber mounted at the outlet of the second cylindrical body.

This device is more effective from the point of view of safety and technological process of waste processing, since cracking reactions are carried out in two stages in separate reactors at different temperatures. The absence of high temperatures during the first cracking reaction has a positive effect on the state of the first reactor.

However, this device for producing hydrocarbons from household waste or waste is not efficient enough in speed and quality of waste processing.

In addition, this device is critical in terms of manufacturability and process safety. This is due, inter alia, to the use of a rotating reactor. A rotating reactor is expensive and difficult to manufacture, and the process of effective destruction when exposed to high temperatures depends on compliance with the safety conditions of the process, determined by the absence of deformation of the reactor at high temperatures.

The main objective of the claimed utility model is to create a device for the processing of household and industrial wastes of organic materials, which allows to improve the quality of the waste processing process and most fully process and extract useful products, such as liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, and solid products.

The technical result is an increase in efficiency and reliability due to the waste processing process in two stages, combining various effects on the raw materials - pyrolysis and electromagnetic, which allows us to accelerate and most complete the destruction of waste, as well as to optimally separate and structure various useful output products.

The problem is solved in that in a device for the processing of household and industrial waste of organic origin, containing a pyrolysis reactor, consisting of two parts and a separation system for combined-cycle pyrolysis products, an electromagnetic source is additionally introduced, which is installed with the possibility of influencing the pyrolysis products in the second part of the reactor, the output of which is connected to a separation system for combined-cycle pyrolysis products.

Preferably, the pyrolysis reactor is stationary. The first part of the reactor can preferably be made in the form of a sealed outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, which contains variable-pitch feed screws having hollow shafts connected to the drive, a spiral guide is located between the inner and outer cylinders, a group of hot inlets is installed on the outer cylinder gases and a hot gas outlet pipe, and an outlet pipe is connected to the inner cylinder.

The second part of the pyrolysis reactor can be made in the form of a sealed outer cylinder and an inner cylinder containing vane screws located on shafts connected to the drive, a spiral guide is located between the inner and outer cylinders, the outer cylinder contains a group of hot gas inlets and a hot gas outlet , the inner cylinder contains a pipe with a flange for connection with the first part of the reactor, a pipe for the removal of combined-cycle products and a pipe for the exit of solid products.

The source of electromagnetic exposure is optimally performed in the form of a generator of periodic electromagnetic exposure, with a frequency of not more than 500 Hz, connected to a group of discharge devices.

A group of discharge devices can be installed on the branch pipe for the removal of combined-cycle products connecting the separation system for combined-cycle products with the outlet of the second part of the reactor.

On the ends of the second part of the reactor can be installed groups of discharge devices at the same time.

A group of discharge devices can be installed on the inner cylinder of the second part of the reactor.

It is advisable to perform a system for separating gas-vapor products of pyrolysis in the form of a gas-vapor mixture condenser, which is its input, a burner device and a separation unit for liquid media connected to a gas-vapor mixture condenser.

When processing a wet inhomogeneous waste mass, it is preferable to equip the device with a feed supply unit made in the form of a replaceable receiving tank, in the lower part of which a feed hollow screw with a variable pitch is installed.

When processing bulk products, it is advisable to perform a feed unit in the form of a sealed double-lock chamber. The inventive device allows to increase the efficiency of the waste processing by improving the quality of waste processing and accelerating the process of their destruction.

This is achieved due to the electromagnetic effect on the pyrolysis products located in the second part of the reactor, which allows to accelerate the destruction process, conduct better waste processing and increase the reliability of separation of various hydrocarbon fractions.

Recycling of waste in two parts of the reactor allows to increase the safety of the process and switch to electromagnetic effects on processing products that are solid and gaseous in the second part of the reactor.

In the inventive device, the design of the reactor in the form of two parts having internal and external cylinders allows to improve the rigidity of the structure, which creates the conditions for the use of the pyrolysis reactor at more intense heat loads. The presence of a spiral between the cylinders further strengthens the structure and makes it possible to evenly distribute heat in the pyrolysis reactor.

The utility model is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a block diagram of a device.

Figure 2 shows the construction of the first part of the reactor.

Figure 3 presents the design of the second part of the reactor.

A device for processing domestic and industrial organic waste contains a pyrolysis reactor consisting of the first 1 and second 3 parts connected to a system 5 for separating gas-vapor pyrolysis products, an electromagnetic radiation source 4 installed with the possibility of influencing the pyrolysis products in the second part 3 of the reactor. The pyrolysis reactor is stationary.

The device is equipped with a unit for unloading 6 of a solid product, made, for example, in the form of gas-tight gates, and also a unit for supplying raw materials 2 (Fig. 1), made, for example, in the form of a sealed double-lock chamber 11 connected to the first part 1 of the reactor.

The system 5 for separating gas-vapor pyrolysis products contains a vapor-gas mixture capacitor 7, the input of which is the input of the system 5, a burner 8, and a liquid medium separation unit 9 connected to the vapor-gas mixture condenser 7.

The first part 1 of the reactor is made in the form of a receiving tank 11, a sealed outer cylinder 12 and an inner cylinder 19. The inner cylinder 19 contains feeding hollow screws 14 with variable pitch with inlet and outlet pipes 17, 18. The screws 14 are located on hollow shafts 15 connected with drive 16, hot gas is supplied through the inlet nozzles of the screws 17 to heat the screws, and exhaust hot gas is discharged through the outlet nozzles 18. Between the inner 19 and the outer 12 cylinders there is a spiral guide 21. On the outer cylinder 12, a group of hot gas inlets 20 and a hot gas outlet 13 are installed, and an outlet pipe 22 is connected to the inner cylinder 19.

The second part 3 of the pyrolysis reactor is made in the form of a sealed outer cylinder 26 and an inner cylinder 34, containing the feed vane screws 29 located on the respective shafts 30 connected to the drive 35, a spiral guide 32 is located between the inner 34 and outer 26 cylinders. The outer cylinder 26 contains a group of nozzles 33 for introducing hot gases and a nozzle 28 for removing hot gases, the inner cylinder 34 contains a nozzle 25 with a flange for connecting to the first part 1 of the reactor, a nozzle 27 for removing the combined-gas products and a nozzle by 31 for output of solid products.

The source of electromagnetic interference 4 is made in the form of a generator 23 connected to a group of discharge devices 24, which can be installed on the branch pipe 27 for the removal of combined-cycle products connecting the separation system for combined-gas products with the output of the second part 3 of the reactor, or on the inner cylinder of the second part 3 of the reactor 3.

The group of discharge devices can also be installed simultaneously on the end sides of the second part 3 of the reactor, or in any other place of the second part of the reactor, from which the possibility of electromagnetic influence on the pyrolysis products located in the second part of the reactor 3, for example, on the inner cylinder 34, is provided.

The first 1 and second 3 parts of the reactor are equipped with a heater (not shown in the drawings).

The inventive device is implemented as follows.

Domestic and / or industrial organic waste enters the feed supply unit 2 (Fig. 1), made in the form of a sealed double-lock chamber 11 (Fig. 2), installed in the first part 1 of the reactor (Fig. 1).

If the raw material is a large fraction, then it can be subjected to preliminary processing, for example in a standard industrial extruder.

If there is no need for pre-treatment of waste (for example: manure, sawdust, or other waste in the form of fine fractions), it is advisable to submit the waste together with a catalyst, for example, sodium alkali, into the double-lock chamber 11 in the proportion of 2-15% of the initial weight of the waste.

From the feed unit 2 using the screws 14 with a variable pitch, the waste is moved along the inner cylinder 19 (figure 2) of the first part 1 of the reactor (figure 1). The use of several screws 14 avoids the process of sticking of waste to the screws and rotation of the waste together with the spiral of screws, which causes a stoppage of waste flow into the reactor. When using at least two augers, this process is eliminated, which significantly reduces equipment downtime associated with the need to repair and clean the augers. The use of augers with variable pitch allows you to create a water lock in the first third of the first part 1 of the reactor (figure 1), which ensures the tightness of the reactor and the possibility of organizing a continuous supply of waste. The corresponding shafts 15 of the screws 14 (FIG. 2) are hollow and are equipped with inlet pipes 17 of the screw for supplying heating gases and output pipes 18 of the screw for removing heating gases.

Such a constructive implementation allows to accelerate the process of heating the waste in the first part 1 of the reactor to temperatures of at least 200-300 °. The hollow shafts 15 of the screws 14 are driven by a drive 16, which allows you to adjust the speed of rotation of the screw 14 with a variable pitch as necessary. The design of the first part 1 of the reactor (Fig. 2), made in the form of an external 12 and an internal 19 cylinder, between which a spiral guide 21 is located, allows you to create a kind of heating chamber. The spiral guide 21 allows you to direct the flow of hot gases in a spiral around the cylinder 19, which ensures uniform heating of the structure of the first part 1 of the reactor and allows you to get a uniform linear expansion of the metal structures provided for in the design and manufacture of the reactor. In addition, such a design can improve the efficiency of the heat transfer process inside the reactor. The group of nozzles 20 for introducing hot gases is used to supply heating gases from burners (not shown in the drawings), made for example in the form of gas burners, and the nozzle 13 is installed for the removal of hot gases. The supply of heating gases to the group of nozzles 20 and nozzles 17 can also be carried out from the second part 3 of the reactor through the nozzle 28 of the outlet of hot gases or together from the burner devices and the second part 3 of the reactor. The use of exhaust hot gases from the second part 3 of the reactor for heating the first part 1 of the reactor (Fig. 1.) allows you to more fully use the energy of these gases, which leads to the use of the device in a more economical mode. Organic waste screws 14 with a variable pitch are moved inside the first part 1 of the reactor to the outlet pipe 22, which serves to connect the first 1 and second 3 parts of the reactor, through which the pyrolysis products enter the second part 3 of the reactor (Fig. 1).

The outlet pipe 22 (figure 2) of the first part 1 of the reactor is connected to the flange of the pipe 25 (figure 3) of the second part 3 of the reactor (figure 1).

The electromagnetic effect on the pyrolysis products of the second part 3 of the reactor is created using the source 4 of the electromagnetic effect, made in the form of a generator 23 connected to a group of discharge devices 24 installed with the possibility of influencing the pyrolysis products in the second part of the reactor. A group of discharge devices 24 can be installed on the end flanges of the second part 3 of the reactor, either at the outlet of the second part of the reactor at its junction with the vapor-gas product separation system 5, at the outlet pipe 27 for the combined-gas products, or, for example, at the nozzle 25 (Fig. 3 ) with a flange for connection with the first part of the reactor. It is preferable to carry out periodic electromagnetic exposure, which more effectively affects the waste. The electromagnetic action can be carried out by periodic electric discharge, preferably with a frequency of not more than 500 Hz and a breakdown voltage, for example, from 10 to 50 kV.

It has been experimentally established that, depending on the choice of frequency, various qualitative composition of hydrocarbons can be obtained. The choice of breakdown voltage depends on the size of the pyrolysis reactor, the smaller they are, the lower the breakdown voltage.

The second part 3 of the reactor has a design similar to that of the first part 1 of the reactor. The heating chamber in the second part of the reactor creates the inner 34 and outer 26 cylinders (figure 3), between which a spiral guide 32 passes. Through the group of nozzles 33 (figure 3) for connecting the burner devices (not shown) hot gas is supplied for heating the second part 3 of the reactor. To move and mix the pyrolysis products inside the second part 3 of the reactor, blade screws 29 (Fig. 3) are used, located on the shafts 30 (Fig. 2), which are driven by actuators 35 (Fig. 3), which provide the possibility of changing the rotation speed, which allows you to smoothly control the temperature inside the second part of the reactor, providing temperature parameters, for example, in the range of 500-1200 °.

Through the pipe 27 (Fig. 3) installed on the inner cylinder 34, the vapor-gas pyrolysis products are discharged, and through the pipe 31, the solid waste products are discharged to the solid product unloading unit 6 (Fig. 1).

The design of the screw 29 (Fig. 3) made in the form of blades allows the pyrolysis gases to freely move inside the second part 3 of the reactor and exit through the pipe 27 (Fig. 3) connected to the pyrolysis vapor-gas separation system 5 (Fig. 1) directly to the condenser 7 (figure 1).

The system 5 for the separation of gas-vapor pyrolysis products (Fig. 1) can be made in the form of a group of condensers designed for cooling and condensation of gas-vapor products of pyrolysis, as well as for the separation of gas / liquid media. Capacitors 7 are connected to the node 9 for the separation of liquid media (figure 1), which collects the liquid pyrolysis products and their separation into components: liquid hydrocarbons and aqueous pyrolysis products. The capacitor 7, (if they are in the group, then the latter) is connected to the burner device 8, which provides the combustion of pyrolysis gases.

The inventive device for the processing of domestic and industrial organic waste can effectively and efficiently obtain from organic waste valuable products in the form of solid, liquid and gaseous fuel components.

Claims (11)

1. A device for the processing of household and industrial waste of organic origin, containing a pyrolysis reactor, consisting of two parts, and a system for separating gas-vapor pyrolysis products, characterized in that it additionally introduces an electromagnetic source that is installed with the possibility of influencing the pyrolysis products in the second part a reactor, the output of which is connected to a separation system for combined-cycle pyrolysis products. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrolysis reactor is stationary. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first part of the reactor is made in the form of a sealed outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, which contains variable-pitch feed screws, having hollow shafts connected to the drive, a spiral guide is located between the inner and outer cylinders , a group of hot gas inlets and a hot gas outlet pipe are installed on the outer cylinder, and an outlet pipe is connected to the inner cylinder. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second part of the pyrolysis reactor can be made in the form of a sealed outer cylinder and an inner cylinder containing vane screws located on shafts connected to the drive, a spiral guide is located between the inner and outer cylinders, the outer the cylinder contains a group of nozzles for introducing hot gases and a branch pipe for discharging hot gases, the inner cylinder contains a branch pipe with a flange for connection with the first part of the reactor, a branch pipe for removing gas-vapor products and a branch pipe ok for the release of solid products. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the source of electromagnetic radiation is made in the form of a generator of periodic electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of not more than 500 Hz, connected to a group of discharge devices. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the group of discharge devices is installed on the branch pipe for the removal of combined-cycle products connecting the separation system for combined-cycle products with the outlet of the second part of the reactor. 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the groups of discharge devices are installed on the end sides of the second part of the reactor. 8. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the group of discharge devices is installed on the inner cylinder of the second part of the reactor. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the steam-gas product separation system comprises a steam-gas mixture condenser, which is its input, a burner device and a liquid separation unit connected to a gas-vapor mixture condenser. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a feed supply unit made in the form of a removable receiving container, in the lower part of which a feed hollow screw with a variable pitch is installed. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed unit is made in the form of a sealed double-lock chamber.