RU2434928C2 - Pyrolysis plant for urban ore utilisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: urban ore is supplied from receiving bunker 1 by means of tight box-type dosing unit 2 through downcomer 3 to inner cavity of tubular pyrolysis chamber 5 the walls of which are perforated with longitudinal slots to leave pyrolysis gas. Pyrolysis gas flows from pyrolysis chamber 5 to tubular pyrolysis gas collecting chamber 6, which in its turn is enclosed in external tubular chamber 7 with external heat insulating layer. Heating of urban ore and their thermo-chemical breakdown is performed owing to hot flue gases from gas burner 11, which are supplied to tubular chamber of initial heating 8 through tangential nozzles, and due to hot exhaust gases supplied from gas turbine electric unit 10 through inlet hole of external tubular chamber 7.

EFFECT: invention allows developing effective pyrolysis plant operating on urban ore.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for a pyrolysis installation for the thermal treatment of municipal solid waste.

Known pyrolysis installation for the thermal treatment of municipal solid waste, including a vertical reactor with internal heating of crushed solid household waste. Hot gases from the combustion of carbon-containing fuel at a temperature of 600-900 ° C, not containing oxygen, enter the base of the reactor and pass through a layer of municipal solid waste. In this case, the waste is dried and its weight is reduced by 30-60%. As a result of thermochemical conversion, the carbon components are converted into pyrolysis combustible gas, which is burned in a gas burner to be fed into the internal cavity of the pyrolysis reactor (see B. B. Bobovich, V. V. Devyatkin. Processing of production and consumption waste. M .: Intermet Engineering , 2000, p. 224-225).

The disadvantage of this reactor is the low calorific value of pyrolysis gas containing up to 50% inert nitrogen, which does not allow its use in gas engine or gas turbine plants to generate electrical energy. In addition, expensive lining with heat-resistant material on the inner surface of the reactor is required.

As a prototype, “Installation for producing generator gas from recycled wood or vegetable raw materials” was adopted, including a gasification chamber made of refractory bricks, a metal hopper extending from it with a rectangular cross section and a hatch for loading raw materials (see RF patent No. 2081894 dated 20.06. 1997, applicant Tomsk State University).

The disadvantage of this installation is the lack of high-quality heating of raw materials in a capacious chamber for the generation of generator gas, as well as the cyclical loading of raw materials into the gasification chamber. In addition, the issue of the efficient use of generator gas directly at the facility in order to obtain electric and thermal energy has not been resolved.

An object of the present invention is to provide an efficient pyrolysis plant operating on municipal solid waste.

The solution to this problem is:

- the use in the composition of the pyrolysis installation of a tubular pyrolysis chamber, perforated with slotted openings, enclosed in a tubular chamber for collecting pyrolysis gas, which, in turn, is placed in the outer tubular chamber of external heating, and the heating of municipal solid waste to ensure their thermochemical decomposition is carried out both due to supply of hot flue gases from a gas burner into the internal cavity of the tubular pyrolysis chamber, and due to the supply of hot exhaust gases from a gas turbine electric the unit into the cavity between the tubular pyrolysis chamber and the outer tubular chamber coated with a heat-insulating layer;

- supplying the pyrolysis installation with a purification and cooling unit for the pyrolysis gas to produce conditioned pyrolysis gas;

- supplying the pyrolysis installation with a gas turbine power plant, the hot exhaust gases of which are used for external heating of municipal solid waste through the metal wall of the tubular chamber for collecting pyrolysis gas;

- the use of a loading device for municipal solid waste and a discharge device for a chilled ash residue, made in the form of sealed box-type dispensers with reciprocating motion;

- a device at the outlet of the tubular chamber for collecting pyrolysis gas of a tubular chamber for primary heating of solid household waste with nozzles for supplying hot gas tangentially located in the lower part from a gas burner operating on its own pyrolysis gas;

- a device at the outlet of the tubular chamber of primary heating of the tubular chamber of the ash residue with a cooled water jacket.

An example of a pyrolysis installation for the disposal of municipal solid waste is presented in the drawing.

Solid waste is loaded into the receiving hopper 1, under which a sealed box-type dispenser of type 2 is installed. A drain pipe 3 is connected to the outlet rectangular opening of the dispenser, through which municipal solid waste enters through the pyrolysis gas collector 4 with water cooling into the internal cavity of the tubular pyrolysis chamber 5. The walls of the tubular pyrolysis chamber are perforated with longitudinal slots to exit the pyrolysis gas. The tubular pyrolysis chamber is placed in a tubular pyrolysis gas collection chamber 6. In turn, the tubular pyrolysis gas collection chamber is placed in an outer tubular chamber 7 with an external heat-insulating layer. Below the tubular pyrolysis chamber is a tubular chamber for the initial heating of municipal solid waste 8 with a heat-insulating casing.

Pyrolysis gases enter the purification and separation unit 9, where gaseous fuel and liquid fuel are released. Dried and cooled pyrolysis gas enters the gas turbine power unit 10 and the gas burner 11.

Electricity generated in a gas turbine power plant is supplied to a centralized power grid. Hot exhaust gases from the gas turbine power unit are sent to the outer tubular chamber to heat the metal casing of the tubular pyrolysis chamber for collecting pyrolysis gas.

A certain part of the dried and cooled pyrolysis gas enters the gas burner and in the form of hot flue gases is fed into the inner cavity of the tubular chamber for the initial heating of municipal solid waste.

The operation of the pyrolysis installation for the disposal of municipal solid waste is as follows.

Solid household waste from the receiving hopper 1 using a sealed box-type dispenser 2 through the downpipe 3, passing the pyrolysis gas collector 4, with a given capacity is fed into the inner cavity of the tubular pyrolysis chamber 5, the walls of which are perforated with longitudinal slots for the exit of pyrolysis gas. Under the influence of high temperature, solid household waste decomposes into pyrolysis vapors and a solid inert precipitate. Penetrating through the slotted holes of the perforated pipe, the pyrolysis gases enter the tubular chamber for collecting pyrolysis gas 6, which, in turn, is enclosed in the outer tubular chamber 7 with an external heat-insulating layer. The heating of solid household waste and their thermochemical decomposition is carried out due to hot flue gases from a gas burner 11 entering the tubular chamber of initial heating 8 through tangential nozzles, and due to hot exhaust gases coming from the gas turbine electric unit 10 through the inlet of the outer tube chamber. Rising up, the pyrolysis gases are collected in the pyrolysis gas collector and discharged through the gas pipeline to the cooling and purification unit of the pyrolysis gas 9, from where they enter the gas turbine power unit and the gas burner.

After thermal degradation, the residual ash of the inert components of the waste falls down into the tubular chamber of the ash residue 12, which is cooled by a water jacket. The discharge of the cooled ash residue is carried out using the lower sealed box-type dispenser 13 in a container for subsequent dispatch to a plasma high-temperature installation.

During the operation of the pyrolysis installation, the amount of pyrolysis gas supplied to the burner is controlled so that the temperature inside the tubular pyrolysis chamber does not exceed the temperature of the exhaust gases entering the outer tubular chamber from the gas turbine power unit, 500 ° C. This makes it possible to use ordinary steel pipes for the manufacture of a metal tubular chamber perforated by longitudinal slits and to ensure the durability of the pyrolysis installation for the disposal of municipal solid waste.

Claims (4)

1. Pyrolysis installation for the disposal of municipal solid waste, including vertically arranged tubular chambers for thermal decomposition of solid household waste with loading and unloading devices, heating devices for municipal solid waste using its own pyrolysis gas, characterized in that the pyrolysis installation contains a tubular primary heating chamber, gas turbine power unit, connected by a stream of hot exhaust gases with a cavity between the tubular pyrolysis chamber and the outer tube a chamber covered with a heat-insulating layer, as well as a gas burner communicated by means of tangential nozzles in a stream of hot flue gases with a tubular chamber of initial heating. 2. The pyrolysis installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrolysis installation includes a unit for cleaning and cooling the pyrolysis gas to produce a conditioned pyrolysis gas. 3. The pyrolysis installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular chamber for primary heating of solid household waste is located below the pyrolysis chamber and is equipped with nozzles for supplying hot gas from a gas burner operating on its own pyrolysis gas. 4. The pyrolysis installation according to claim 1, characterized in that at the outlet of the tubular primary heating chamber there is a tubular ash residue chamber with a cooled water jacket.