RU2734311C1 - Pyrolysis unit for continuous action and method of processing solid household wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: waste processing and disposal.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods and devices for thermal processing of solid organic household waste with production of pyrolysis gas and can be used in domestic industry, chemistry, petrochemistry and other industries. Pyrolysis plant for continuous action includes a reactor, a condenser, a burner and a fan. Reactor is connected by means of tubes with condenser, which in its turn is connected to burner by means of connection pipes, and burner is connected to fan by means of air duct. Outer tubular chamber of reactor in upper part is rigidly connected to exhaust pipe and burner in lower part. Condenser includes a pyrolysis tube, cooling tubes, a capacitor housing, a liquid level sensor, a hydraulic lock for water, a hydraulic lock for pyrolysis oil, a tap with electric drive, a drain pipe for water, a drain pipe for pyrolysis oil, a branch pipe with non-condensed gas. Burner includes gas branch pipe, cooling jacket, combustion chamber, burner housing, holes, nozzle, nozzle and air duct.

EFFECT: technical result is acceleration of continuous pyrolysis process, combustion of gas with high efficiency.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods of thermal processing of solid organic waste with the production of pyrolysis gas, can be used in household services, chemistry, petrochemistry and other industries. For example, for the processing of sawdust, plastic, etc.

Known solution RU 2434928 C2 "Pyrolysis plant for the disposal of municipal solid waste", IPC F23G 5/00, C10B 53/00. Solid household waste from the receiving hopper using a sealed box-type dispenser through a down pipe is fed into the inner cavity of the tubular pyrolysis chamber, the walls of which are perforated with longitudinal slots for the pyrolysis gas to escape. Pyrolysis gases from the pyrolysis chamber pass into a tubular chamber for collecting pyrolysis gas, which, in turn, is enclosed in an outer tubular chamber with an outer heat-insulating layer.Heating of solid household waste and their thermochemical decomposition is carried out due to hot flue gases from a gas burner entering the tubular chamber of the initial heating through tangential nozzles, and due to hot exhaust gases coming from the gas turbine electric unit through the inlet of the outer tubular chamber.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the design of the pyrolysis plant for the disposal of municipal solid waste does not provide for the division of pyrolysis gases into water and pyrolysis oil. When the moisture content of the fuel is high, water vapor is formed together with the pyrolysis gases, which interferes with combustion. In this regard, the power drops sharply. (RU 2434928 C2, www1.fips.ru).

Known solution RU 2081894 C1 “Installation for producing generator gas from recycled wood or vegetable raw materials”, IPC C10J 3/20, including a gasification chamber made of refractory bricks, a metal hopper extending from it upward with a rectangular cross section and a hatch for loading raw materials,

The disadvantage of this installation is the lack of high-quality heating of the raw material in a capacious chamber for generating generator gas, as well as the cyclic loading of raw materials into the gasification chamber. (RU 2081894 C1, www1.fips.ru).

Of the known technical solutions, the closest in purpose and technical essence to the claimed object is the solution SU 1679140 A1 "Vertical furnace for thermal processing of solid waste", IPC F23G 5/027. The furnace contains a charging device, a unit for unloading pyrolysis products and pyrolysis chambers, separated by a rectangular shaft for the selection and distribution of vapor-gaseous products with a perforated conical cover. Under each of the pyrolysis chambers, two perforated inclined classifier troughs are placed, one above the other, and the unloading unit includes a conveyor system containing two sieve conveyors common for the pyrolysis chambers and individual side belt conveyors located under each classifier trough, located above each other. ,

The disadvantage of this solution is the low efficiency of the installation, since after the separation of vapor-gaseous products, they are not preheated after combustion in the burner. (SU 1679140 A1, www1.fips.ru).

The essence of the invention

The task to which the claimed solution is directed is the development of the design of a pyrolysis plant with a continuous process of operation, providing for the constructive possibility of heating the raw material in the chamber, separating the pyrolysis gases into water and pyrolysis oil, and after the separation of vapor-gaseous products, providing for their heating.

The claimed continuous pyrolysis plant FIG. 1 includes the reactor (1) of FIG. 1, 2, which is connected by means of pipes (1.6) (2.1) of Fig. 1 with the condenser (2) of FIG. 4, which in turn is associated with the burner (3) of FIG. 5 using the pipes (2.10) (3.1) fig. 1. Likewise the burner (3) of FIG. 1 is connected to the fan (4) of FIG. 1 by means of the duct (3.8) of FIG. 5. All these elements form a single outline.

Reactor (1) of FIG. 2 operating on the basis of an exothermic reaction for the treatment of municipal solid waste includes FIG. 1, 2, 3: loading flexible conveyor (1.1), knife drive shaft (1.2), vertical knife blade (1.3) fig. 2, 3, the horizontal blade of the knife (1.4) of Fig. 2, ribs (1.5) of Fig. 2, 3, the pyrolysis gas branch pipe (1.6), the exhaust pipe (1.7) of Fig. 2, an outer tubular chamber (1.8), an inner tubular pyrolysis chamber (1.9), auger (1.10), an unloading conveyor (1.11) of FIG. 1, 2, 3.

Solid household waste coming through the flexible loading conveyor (1.1) of Fig. 1, 2 enter the inner tubular pyrolysis chamber (1.9). The inner tubular pyrolysis chamber (1.9) is installed in the structural space of the outer tubular chamber (1.8) and has ribs (1.5) of FIG. 1, 2, Due to the high temperature of the air passing through the outer tube chamber (1.8) of FIG. 1, 2 and ribs (1.5) to the exhaust pipe (1.7), the inner tubular pyrolysis chamber (1.9) is heated, where municipal solid waste begins to decompose into pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas through the pyrolysis gas pipe (1.6) rigidly connected to the chamber (1.8) enters the condenser (2) of FIG. 4.

The outer tubular chamber (1.8) of FIG. 1 in the upper part is rigidly connected to the exhaust pipe (1.7) of FIG. 1.2 and the burner (3) of FIG. 1, 5 at the bottom,

Obtaining an accelerated process of pyrolysis of solid household waste and removing them from the walls of the tubular pyrolysis chamber (1.9) during heating is carried out by means of vertical blades (1.3), horizontal blades (1.4) of the knife of Fig. 1, 2. The engine (1.12) fig. 1 transmits torque to the shaft (1.2) of FIG. 2, which is mated with the horizontal blades (1.4), and the vertical blades (1.3) are rigidly connected to the edges of the horizontal blades, thereby driving the knife into rotation.

Capacitor (2) in fig. 1, 4 is intended for separating the pyrolysis gas into water (1.13) of Fig. 1, 4 and pyrolysis oil (1.14) of Fig. 1, 4. Includes FIG. 4: pyrolysis tube (2.1), cooling tubes (2.2), condenser housing (2.3) coupled with pyrolysis tube (2.1), liquid level sensor (2.4), water seal (2.5), water seal for pyrolysis oil (2.6), tap motorized (2.7), drain pipe for water (2.8), drain pipe for pyrolysis oil (2.9), non-condensable gas connection (2.10).

The pyrolysis gas rising upward through the pyrolysis gas pipe (1.6) in Fig. 1 enters the pyrolysis tube (2.1) in Fig. 1, 4, and then into capacitor (2). Getting into the condenser (2), the gas is cooled due to the cooling tubes (2.2) installed in the housing (2.3) of the condenser, because of this, the pyrolysis gas is divided into water (1.13) Fig. 1, 4, pyrolysis oil (1.14) fig. 1, 4 and non-condensable gas. Water and pyrolysis oil accumulate in the lower part of the condenser housing (2.3) in FIG. 4, To control the water level (1.13) of FIG. 1, 4 and oils (1.14) of Fig. 1, 4, a liquid level sensor (2.4) is installed in the condenser housing. Water (1.13) in Fig. 1, 4 and pyrolysis oil (1.14) of Fig. 1, 4 are removed through structures including a water seal for water (2.5), a water seal for pyrolysis oil (2.6), a drain pipe for water (2.8), a drain pipe for pyrolysis oil (2.9), a tap with an electric wire (2.7). After the separation of the pyrolysis gas, the non-condensable gas leaves the condenser through the branch pipe (2.10).

Burner (3) fig. 1, 5 ensures stable combustion of non-condensable gas, which is fed through the gas pipe to the burner for combustion and maintenance of the pyrolysis process. Includes FIG. 5: gas connection (3.1), cooling jacket (3,2), combustion chamber (3.3), burner body (3.4), holes (3.5), nozzle (3.6), nozzle (3.7), air duct (3.8). Through the non-condensable gas connection (2.10), the gas enters the gas connection (3.1) of FIG. 1, 5 burners. The gas flows through the pipe into the cooling jacket (3.2) of the combustion chamber (3.3) in Fig. 1, 5, Since the gas after the condensation process has a low temperature, it is used to cool the walls of the combustion chamber (3.3). Taking heat from the walls, the gas thereby increases its own temperature, which allows an exothermic reaction to proceed without additional heating, which means that constant operation of the nozzle (3.7), which is installed in the burner body (3.4) of Fig. 5. The gas enters the combustion chamber (3.3) through the holes (3.5) of FIG. fifteen.

Fan (4) fig. 1 moves air into the combustion chamber of the burner (3) of FIG. 5 in order to create an exothermic reaction with pyrolysis gas. Air duct (3.8) fig. 5 is located in the lower right part of the burner under the nozzle and is required to pump heated air from the fan (4) of FIG. 1 into the combustion chamber (3.3). The heated air is carried out by a liquid cooling system intended for cooling water in the cooling tubes (2.2) in Fig. 4 capacitors. Water circulates in a closed loop through a radiator with a fan. The fan blows air through the radiator grilles and creates heated air in the duct. A nozzle (3.6) is provided in the burner design to supply air at a certain speed and in the required direction.

The technical result of the claimed invention consists in the continuous operation of the pyrolysis plant, which has the constructive possibility of heating the raw material in the pyrolysis chamber, separating the pyrolysis gases into water and pyrolysis oil in the condenser, and providing for the preliminary heating of vapor-gaseous products after their separation.

Brief Description of Drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a continuous pyrolysis plant. General form.

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a continuous pyrolysis plant reactor. General form,

fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a continuous pyrolysis plant reactor. View A-A.

fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a capacitor. General form.

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a burner. General form.

Brief description of structural elements:

1 - reactor

1.1 - loading flexible conveyor

1.2 - knife drive shaft

1.3 - vertical blade of a knife

1.4 - horizontal blade of a knife

1.5 - ribs

1.6 - pipe for pyrolysis gases

1.7 - exhaust pipe

1.8 - outer tubular chamber

1.9 - inner tubular pyrolysis chamber

1.10 - auger

1.11 - unloading conveyor

1.12 - engine

1.13 - water

1.14 - oil

1.15 - solid household waste

2 - capacitor

2.1 - pyrolysis tube

2.2 - cooling tubes

2.3 - capacitor case

2.4 - liquid level sensor

2.5 - water seal

2.6 - odor lock for pyrolysis oil

2.7 - crane with electric drive

2.8 - drain pipe for water

2.9 - drain tube for pyrolysis oil

2.10 - branch pipe with non-condensable gas

3 - burner

3.1 - gas connection

3.2 - cooling jacket

3.3 - combustion chamber

3.4 - burner housing

3.5 - holes

3.6 - nozzle

3.7 - nozzle

3.8 - air duct

4 - fan

Implementation of the invention

The operation of a continuous pyrolysis plant for the disposal of solid household waste is carried out as follows.

Solid household waste is fed through a flexible loading conveyor (1.1) of FIG. 1, 2 and enter the inner tubular pyrolysis chamber (1.9). By means of the burner (3) of FIG. 1 and the fan (4), the air in the space between the outer tubular chamber (1.8) of FIG. 1, 2 and inner tubular pyrolysis chamber (1.9). Due to the high temperature of the air passing through the outer tubular chamber (1.8) of FIG. 1, 2 and ribs (1.5) to the exhaust pipe (1.7), the inner tubular pyrolysis chamber (1.9) is heated, where municipal solid waste begins to decompose into pyrolysis gas. Engine (1.12) Fig. 1 transmits torque to the shaft (1.2) of FIG. 2 coupled with horizontal (1.4) and vertical blades (1.3) of the knife, thereby mixing the waste in the chamber (1.9) to accelerate the pyrolysis process. The pyrolysis gas rises to the upper part of the inner tubular pyrolysis chamber (1.9) and flows through the pyrolysis gas pipe (1.6) in FIG. 1, 2, the pyrolysis tube (2.1) into the condenser (2), where, due to the cooling tubes (2.2), the pyrolysis gas is divided into water (1.13) and pyrolysis oil (1.14). The non-condensable gas leaves the condenser (2) through the non-condensable gas connection (2.10), the gas connection (3.1) of FIG. 1, 5 and enters the cooling jacket (3.2) of Fig. 1, 5 burners (3). Taking thermal energy from the walls, the gas increases its temperature, and through the holes (3.5) enters the combustion chamber (3.3), where from the fan (4) FIG. 1, 5 through the air duct (3.8) of FIG. 5, the nozzle (3.6) is supplied with heated air for an exothermic reaction. The air is heated by passing through the radiator of the water cooling system in the cooling tubes (2.2) in Fig. 4 capacitors (3). Due to such a system for heating the fuel mixture, the injector (3.7) of FIG. 5 works only at the stage of starting the installation.

The solid residue in the form of carbon enters the bottom of the inner tubular pyrolysis chamber (1.9) in FIG. 2, where through the auger (1.10) it enters the unloading conveyor (1.11).

Claims (3)

1. A method for processing solid household waste, including loading solid household waste through a loading flexible conveyor into the inner tubular pyrolysis chamber, where, using a burner and a fan, the air is heated in the space between the outer tubular chamber and the inner tubular pyrolysis chamber, the temperature of the air passing through the outer tubular chamber and ribs of the inner tubular pyrolysis chamber to the exhaust pipe, to the inner tubular pyrolysis chamber with the possibility of heating it and subsequent decomposition of household waste into pyrolysis gas, by mixing them with horizontal and vertical blades of a knife, followed by the rise of the pyrolysis gas to the upper part of the inner tubular the pyrolysis chamber, and its further flow through the pyrolysis gas pipe into the pyrolysis tube, and then into the condenser, where, due to the cooling tubes, the pyrolysis gas is separated into water, pyrolysis oil and non-condensable gas, which leaves the condenser through a gas pipe with non-condensable gas and is fed into the cooling jacket of the combustion chamber of the burner, where through the holes it enters the combustion chamber of the burner, where from the fan, through the air duct and nozzle, heated air is supplied for an exothermic reaction, and the resulting solid residue in the form carbon is fed into the lower part of the inner tubular pyrolysis chamber, from where the solid residue is discharged into an unloading conveyor. 2. A continuous pyrolysis plant for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a reactor, a condenser, a burner, a fan, and the reactor consists of a loading device, an outer tubular chamber, an inner tubular pyrolysis chamber, a pipe for pyrolysis gases and an unloading conveyor, characterized in that the loading device is made in the form of a flexible loading conveyor, and the inner tubular pyrolysis chamber has ribs, while the outer tubular chamber in the upper part is made with the possibility of rigid connection with the exhaust pipe, and in the lower part - with the burner, and the reactor is connected through a pipe of pyrolysis gases with pyrolysis tube of the condenser, which, in turn, is coupled to the burner by means of a gas branch pipe with non-condensable gas, while the burner, including the housing, the combustion chamber, the cooling jacket of the combustion chamber with holes, the nozzle and the nozzle, is configured to be connected to the fan using an air duct, p Moreover, the reactor additionally includes a motor that transmits torque to the shaft installed in the inner tubular pyrolysis chamber, with the possibility of mating with the horizontal and vertical blades of the knife, while the vertical blades are rigidly connected to the edges of the horizontal blades. 3. Installation according to claim. 2, characterized in that the condenser includes a liquid level sensor, a water seal for water, a water seal for pyrolysis oil, a faucet with an electric drive, a drain pipe for water, a drain pipe for pyrolysis oil.

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