RU2434929C2 - Pyrolysis system for utilisation of carbon-containing waste - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry. ^ SUBSTANCE: pyrolysis system for utilisation of carbon-containing waste includes pyrolysis reactor for thermochemical waste breakdown, loading 1 and unloading 9 devices, separation unit of pyrolysis gas into gaseous and liquid components 4 and independent furnace chamber 8 for co-combustion of pyrolysis liquid and pyrolysis gas, from which two heat-resistant tubes supplying oxygen-free hot gases for external and internal heating of waste are branched. Pyrolysis reactor is made of two tubular chambers installed one above the other - upper tubular chamber 2 with perforated holes for collection and discharge of pyrolysis vapours from reactor, and lower heat-resistant tubular chamber 3 for waste heating through metal walls. ^ EFFECT: invention allows increasing operating efficiency and safety and achieving necessary ecological properties of pyrolysis system. ^ 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the thermal processing of carbon-containing waste and can be used in municipal utilities of cities.

Pyrolysis plants are known for heating and thermal decomposition of carbon-containing wastes with limited air supply to the reactor (see Bobovich BB, Devyatkin VV “Processing of production and consumption wastes”, Moscow, “Intermet engineering”, 2000, p. 218 -236).

The disadvantage of such pyrolysis plants is the low calorific value of the pyrolysis gas due to air entering the reaction chamber, which leads to a significant content of inert nitrogen in the pyrolysis gas.

Known pyrolysis installation, designed as a utility model for patent No. 43546 dated July 15, 2004, by Yu.Yu. Belashov, Patent holder - South Ural Industrial Company Limited Liability Company.

The pyrolysis plant includes the following known and new elements.

Known from literary sources elements.

1. The installation contains a sealed pyrolysis chamber with a channel for gas extraction from the pyrolysis chamber and a channel for supplying gas to the pyrolysis chamber to generate thermal energy by burning gas in a burner.

2. The installation comprises a separator, a container for collecting pyrolysis liquid, a compressor and a heat exchanger for producing pyrolysis liquid and pyrolysis gas.

The new elements, according to the utility model for patent No. 43546 dated July 15, 2004, are as follows.

1. Between the pyrolysis chamber and the heat exchanger, a cyclone for collecting dust and a catalytic nozzle are installed in series.

2. The heat exchanger is equipped with a water tank.

3. The separator consists of a separation column and a drop collector.

4. The pyrolysis chamber is additionally equipped with a dispenser for unloading the carbonized residue and metal cord.

The disadvantages of the pyrolysis installation is the following.

1. Low calorific value of the pyrolysis gas, since together with the hot gases from the pyrolysis burner, a large amount of inert nitrogen enters the internal cavity of the pyrolysis reactor.

2. During the start-up period, due to the lack of pyrolysis gas, portable propane and oxygen cylinders must be used, which can lead to an emergency.

3. Manually controlled loading and unloading gates, due to temperature deformation, let through pyrolysis vapors containing carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide), which can lead to poisoning of personnel.

4. The relatively low temperature of the thermochemical decomposition of carbon-containing waste, not more than 500 ° C, leads to the formation of a significant amount of harmful nitrogen oxides in the composition of the pyrolysis gas.

5. Lack of an accumulation system and additional purification of pyrolysis gas for reliable operation of a gas engine electric unit with the aim of generating electricity.

6. Lack of a system for purifying gases emitted into the atmosphere.

The objective of the present invention is to increase productivity and safety, as well as achieving the necessary environmental characteristics of the pyrolysis complex.

The solution to this problem is achieved by using new technological and design features of the pyrolysis complex for the disposal of carbon-containing waste.

1. The pyrolysis reactor is made of two tubular chambers - an upper tubular chamber with perforated openings for the exit of pyrolysis vapors and a lower heat-resistant tubular chamber for heating carbon-containing waste through metal walls.

2. The pyrolysis reactor is equipped with an autonomous chamber for co-burning the pyrolysis liquid and pyrolysis gas to provide a starting mode and to supply a certain amount of hot gases to the internal cavity of the pyrolysis reactor and to the heat-resistant tube chamber for external heating of carbon-containing waste through metal walls.

An example of a pyrolysis complex for the disposal of carbon-containing waste is presented in the drawing.

The pyrolysis complex includes a sealed box-type loading device 1, an upper tube chamber 2 with perforated holes for collecting and exiting pyrolysis vapors, a lower heat-resistant tube chamber 3 for heating carbon-containing waste through metal walls.

For the separation of pyrolysis vapors into liquid and gaseous components, a pyrolysis vapor separation unit 4 is included in the pyrolysis complex. Gas holder 5 is used for additional purification of pyrolysis gas from pyrolysis liquid and water.

The purified pyrolysis gas under pressure enters the gas engine or gas turbine power unit 6.

The pyrolysis liquid from the compensation tank is pumped into the tank 7 with a pump for delivery to third-party consumers.

In a pyrolysis reactor, the thermochemical decomposition of carbon-containing wastes is carried out by heating them without air. For this, the pyrolysis reactor is equipped with an autonomous combustion chamber 8 for the joint combustion of pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis liquid. Two heat-resistant pipes supply hot gases in a certain ratio to the lower heat-resistant tubular chamber for heating carbon-containing waste through metal walls and into the inner cavity of the tubular chamber perforated with holes for collecting and exiting pyrolysis vapors. During the start-up period, only a liquid fuel burner operates, ensuring a quick start of the system.

To unload the carbon residue, the pyrolysis reactor is equipped with a sealed box-type unloading feeder 9.

The pyrolysis complex is equipped with a device for cleaning harmful gases emitted into the atmosphere. The gas purification device is made in the form of a tank 10 filled with water to the level of the dividing wall between the inlet and outlet ducts. A constant water level is maintained by a drain tank 11 equipped with a transfer pump. The cleaned flue gases are emitted into the atmosphere by means of a smoke exhauster 12 and a chimney 13.

The work of the pyrolysis complex for the processing of worn-out tires is as follows.

The crushed carbon-containing waste is loaded into the receiving hopper of a sealed box-type loading device 1.

With a certain capacity, carbon-containing waste is fed into the inner tubular chamber of the pyrolysis reactor 2.

Due to the external heating of the waste through the metal wall of the heat-resistant tubular chamber 3, the thermochemical decomposition of carbon-containing waste and the formation of pyrolysis vapors occur.

If it is necessary to increase the productivity of the pyrolysis reactor, hot gases are supplied to the internal cavity of the heat-resistant tubular chamber.

The separation of the pyrolysis vapors into liquid and gaseous components is carried out in the separation unit 4. Using a compressor, the pyrolysis gas is sent to the gas holder 5, where the pyrolysis gas is further purified from the pyrolysis liquid and water. The purified pyrolysis gas under pressure enters the gas engine or gas turbine power unit 6. The pyrolysis liquid flows from the separation unit to the compensation tank, from where it is pumped to the tank 7 for delivery to third-party consumers.

In a pyrolysis reactor, the thermochemical decomposition of carbon-containing waste is carried out by heating the waste without air. For this, the pyrolysis reactor is equipped with an autonomous combustion chamber 8 for the joint combustion of pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis liquid. Two heat-resistant pipes supply hot gases in a certain ratio for external and internal heating of carbon-containing waste. Due to this, reliable operation of the pyrolysis reactor in start-up mode is ensured and high performance of the pyrolysis complex is achieved. At the same time, the calorific value of the pyrolysis gas increases, since due to the external heating of the waste through the metal wall, the content of inert nitrogen in the composition of the pyrolysis gas decreases.

Residual waste in the form of a carburized residue is periodically discharged from the reactor using a box-type discharge feeder 9.

The gases emitted into the atmosphere enter a hydraulic tank 10 filled with lime water to the level of the dividing wall between the inlet and outlet ducts. A constant water level is maintained by a drain tank 11 equipped with a transfer pump. Water from the drain tank with the help of a pump is constantly pumped into a hydraulic tank and is constantly drained from there through a water trap into the drain tank. Foam-active substances are used to intensify the cleaning process of gases emitted into the atmosphere. The purified flue gases are sucked in by the exhaust fan 12 and emitted into the atmosphere through the chimney 13.

Thus, due to the new design scheme of the pyrolysis reactor with internal and external heating of carbon-containing wastes, the presence of an autonomous combustion chamber for generating hot gases, an increase in productivity and quality performance of the pyrolysis complex is achieved, while achieving the necessary environmental characteristics.

Claims (1)

A pyrolysis complex for the disposal of carbon-containing waste, including a pyrolysis reactor for thermochemical decomposition of waste, loading and unloading devices, a unit for separating pyrolysis steam into gaseous and liquid components, a waste heating device in the reactor, a pyrolysis gas purification system for supplying to a gas turbine power plant, and a purification system emitted into atmosphere of gases, characterized in that the pyrolysis reactor is made of two tubular chambers installed one above the other — an upper tubular chamber measures with perforated openings for collecting and exiting pyrolysis vapors from the reactor and the lower heat-resistant tubular chamber for heating waste through metal walls; moreover, an autonomous chamber for co-burning of pyrolysis liquid and pyrolysis gas is installed to ensure starting mode and heating of waste without air access, from which two heat resistant pipes supplying oxygen-free hot gases for external and internal waste heating.