RU2441053C2 - Pyrolysis furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: raw materials are supplied from a hopper, interacts with an auger press for removal of a considerable part of water, further along this auger raw materials are supplied into a heat chamber with burners on pyrolysis gas, where inside the body of the auger mechanism there is a flow cutter arranged at the angle to direction of the raw materials movement, and above this auger there are oppositely arranged pyrolysis auger mechanisms oppositely to motion of the raw materials, as a rule, in amount of more than one, and they comprise their own flow cutters, besides, a drive for each auger mechanism, as a rule from one motor with a reducer, and upper auger mechanisms have attached pipes for removal of pyrolysis gas for useful consumption and operation of heat chamber burners, and the lower auger mechanism of raw materials supply has holes for steam outlet to the heat chamber, and the heat chamber has water boiler pipes on side walls and under the ceiling for useful consumption of heat from burners.

EFFECT: processing of wastes into liquid and gaseous fuel.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the processing of organic materials by the method of thermal processing without oxygen to produce pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis fuel and can be used for processing livestock and poultry waste in agriculture and providing heat and energy for utilities in the processing of household waste.

A device is known as “PYROLYSIS FURNACE WITH U-SHAPED SNAKE WITH INTERNAL CIRCUIT”. RU. Patent No. 2211854. C2. IPC 7 C10G 9/20, F28D 7/06. Application: 2000100273/12, 09/09/1998. Published: September 10, 2003.

The heater for heating the process fluid has a radiation chamber with two-pass tubular sections located therein, which contain at least one input branch connected to at least one output branch, a curved tubular element connecting the input branch to the output branch, a device for supplying the technological fluid into the input branch, a device for exposing the outer surface of the tubular sections to thermal radiation, an output device for cooling and collecting the fluid. Each tubular section has inner ribs. A method for producing olefins involves preheating a hydrocarbon feedstock, feeding the feedstock to a plurality of radiation coils, heating the radiation coil coils with a plurality of burners, collecting cracked hydrocarbon feeds, cooling the cracked hydrocarbon feeds, selecting at least one olefin from the cracked hydrocarbon feedstocks. Each radiation coil has at least one inlet branch connected with the possibility of the passage of fluid flow with at least one outlet branch, and a curved tubular element connecting the inlet branch to the outlet branch, which has all the tubular sections with internal ribs.

The disadvantage is the impossibility of constant loading and unloading of processed raw materials with a continuous processing cycle. It is necessary to stop the furnace to load raw materials.

A device is known "REACTOR GOLDEN PYROLYSIS INSTALLATION". RU. Application No. 2008131765. A. IPC С10В 1/00 (2006.01). APPLICATION FOR THE INVENTION. According to data as of December 10, 2010, the state of office work: the examination has been completed. Application publication date: 02/10/2010.

The reactor of the pyrolysis installation, including sealed tubular chambers with external heating, placed in a gas-tight heat-heating chamber, is characterized in that the reactor consists of two vertical sealed tubular chambers, installed one above the other and separated by two automatically controlled gates, placed in turn into external gas-tight heat-heating chambers equipped with inlet and outlet ducts with sequential supply of a hot agent for external heating ctor, and the upper tubular sealed chamber is equipped with a receiving hopper for loading raw materials with two automatically controlled valves and a pipe from the vacuum pump for pumping air after loading the chamber, and the lower tubular sealed chamber is equipped with internal vertical perforated heat transfer elements with an upper manifold for the extraction of pyrolysis gas and two automatically controlled shutters in the lower part of the chamber for unloading residual inert ash and slag.

The disadvantage is the impossibility of constant loading and unloading of processed raw materials without loss of power during the reboot.

The well-known "METHOD FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS AND SEMI-POX BY BIOLASS PYROLYSIS". RU. Patent No. 2346026. C2. IPC C10J 3/00 (2006.01). Application: 2007112818/04, 04/06/2007.

A method of producing synthesis gas by pyrolysis of biomass, including screw transportation of raw materials through the pyrolysis zone, in which the pyrolysis of organic substances is carried out to produce gas having a high calorific value, the process of separation of solid and gaseous substances with separation of the solid residue, the utilization of water vapor and solid residue with transfer the resulting heat in other stages of the process, characterized in that the method is carried out with continuous simultaneous operation of the screw system of the three chambers: drying, pyrolysis and ra dividing, in which the biomass intended for pyrolysis is first sent to the feed hopper, then the biomass is pushed through the drying zone, simultaneously heating the drying zone with flue gases and collecting condensate released during drying by a collector to collect steam and removing steam separately from flue gases, the steam is sent back to the drying chamber to optimize the drying temperature and to prevent overheating of the drying space to a preferred temperature of 400 ° C, while the excess steam is removed from the drying chamber When the optimum temperature is reached, the dried raw material is collected in a dry raw material hopper, from where part of it is fed with a screw for combustion to produce flue gases for heating the screw pyrolyzer, the rest of the dried raw material is fed through the screw into the pyrolysis chamber and transported for a period of time from 2 up to 7 minutes through a heated pyrolysis screw space to ensure uniform thickness of the heated biomass layer, in which the biomass is decomposed by continuous convection projection heat exchange between the walls of the screw chamber and the raw materials, and the high-calorie gas released during pyrolysis is collected in a gas collector, from where it is sent to the consumer, while the solid carbon residue is used in the combustion chamber with the disposal of harmful liquid and solid impurities in the form of tar and tar, and semi-coke they are collected in a gas and semi-coke receiving chamber and shipped to a consumer by means of a water-cooled screw; moreover, flue gases are removed through a chimney after heating the pyrolysis screw and a screw for drying, and the reverse breakthrough gas prevent gas plugs (prototype).

The disadvantage is the incompleteness of the process of processing organic substances into liquid and gaseous fuels, which occurs in the absence of oxygen, which means there is no synthesis of new harmful substances.

The aim of the invention is the processing into liquid and gaseous fuels of waste consisting of organic substances.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that in the pyrolysis furnace, raw materials consisting of human and animal wastes (manure, feces, household waste, food and industrial waste, etc.) are fed from a hopper that interacts with a screw press to remove a significant part of the water and then through this auger the raw material is fed into a heat chamber with pyrolysis gas burners, where a flow cutter is located at an angle to the direction of movement of the raw material in the auger mechanism housing, and there are meetings above this auger about the movement of raw materials, as a rule, there are more than one, pyrolysis screw mechanisms with their own flow shutoffs, and the drive to each screw mechanism, as a rule, from one motor with a reducer, and the upper screw mechanisms have pipes attached to them to remove pyrolysis or synthesis gas for the beneficial use and operation of the heat chamber burners, and the lower screw feed mechanism has openings for steam to exit into the heat chamber, and the heat chamber has water boiler pipes on the side walls and under the ceiling for useful Use of heat from the burners. The drawing shows a device "Pyrolysis furnace".

Statics

The pyrolysis furnace (drawing) is made so that the raw material (1) is supplied from the hopper (2), interacts with a screw press (3) to remove a significant part of the water (4), then this screw (3) feeds the raw material (1) into the heat a chamber (5) with burners (not shown) on pyrolysis gas (6), where inside the case (7) of the screw mechanism (8) is located at an angle to the direction of movement of the raw materials (1), the flow shut-off (9) and above this screw (3) / 8) are located opposite to the movement of raw materials (1), as a rule, more than one, pyrolysis screw mechanisms (8/26) with their flow cut-offs (9), comb a drive (10) to each screw mechanism (3/8), usually from one motor (11) with a gearbox (12), and the upper screw mechanisms (8) have pipes (13) attached to them to remove pyrolysis gas (6 ) for useful use and operation of the heat chamber burners, and the lower screw feed mechanism (3) has openings (14) for steam to enter the heat chamber (5), and the heat chamber (5) has pipes on the side walls and under the ceiling (15) ) a water boiler (16) for the efficient use of heat from the burners.

Work

Raw materials (1) containing an organic component and consisting of human and animal wastes (manure, feces, household garbage, food and industrial waste, etc.) are allowed with high humidity and are poured into a storage bin (2). The auger of the press (3) captures it and advances to the conical part (17) of the housing (7). Holes (18) are located on the cone (17), through which water (4) is squeezed into the drain (19). The pressed raw material (1) enters the heated section (20) of the heat chamber (5), where the housing (7) is heated to 200 degrees, and the raw material (1) is prepared for pyrolysis (drying, mixing, granulation), and then the raw material (1) ) enters the shut-off device (9) and creates a sealing plug (21) to prevent steam from entering the upper screw mechanisms (8). The auger mechanism (8) located above takes part of the cork (21) and advances the raw materials (1) through the housing (7), which has a temperature of up to 450 degrees Celsius. At the end of this screw mechanism (8), there is also a cutter (9) for creating a cork (21) from raw materials and slag. In this case, holes (22) are located in the upper part (23) of the body (7), connected to pipes (24) for removing pyrolysis gas (6) (consisting of: СО ₂ ; СО; Н ₂ O; resins; СН ₄ ; С ₂ Н ₄ ; N ₂ ; Н ₂ ; other gases), which is partially used for operation of burners of a warm chamber (5). If it is necessary to obtain high-quality pyrolysis fuel, a third screw mechanism (25) is located above the second screw mechanism (8), which selects second raw materials from the cork (26) for processing at a temperature of up to 800 degrees Celsius. At the end of the screw, a cutter (9) is also located to create a plug from the slag (27), which excludes the release of synthesis gas outside the pyrolysis gas exhaust pipes. As slag accumulates (27), it is squeezed out into a special container for disposal. After combustion of 1 ton of raw materials, 30-100 kg of slag can remain.

Technical and economic indicators of the device "Pyrolysis furnace" is significantly higher than the prototype, because There is a complete processing of raw materials into energy, and pyrolysis gas can be used to produce heat and electricity when it is supplied to an electric generator, and processing of raw materials into separate fractions consisting of pyrolysis fuel and pyrolysis gas and a more efficient use of the resulting heat are possible in terms of temperature.

List of items

1 - raw materials

2 - hopper

3 - screw press

4 - water

5 - thermal chamber

6 - pyrolysis gas

7 - case

8 - auger mechanism

9 - cutter

10 - drive

11 - motor

12 - gear

13 - pipe

14 - hole

15 - pipe

16 - water boiler

17 - conical part

18 - holes

19 - stock

20 - heated area

21 - sealing plug

22 - holes

23 - upper part

24 - pipe

25 - the third screw mechanism

26 - cork

27 - slag

Claims (1)

The pyrolysis furnace is characterized in that the raw material is supplied from the hopper, interacts with the screw press to remove a significant part of the water, then the raw material is fed through this screw to the heat chamber with pyrolysis gas burners, where the flow cutter is located inside the screw mechanism housing and above this auger are located opposite to the movement of raw materials, usually more than one, pyrolysis auger mechanisms with their flow shutoffs, and the drive to each auger mechanism, usually from one motors with a gearbox, and the upper screw mechanisms have pipes attached to them to remove pyrolysis gas for useful use and operation of the burners of the heat chamber, and the lower screw feed mechanism has openings for steam to enter the heat chamber, and the heat chamber has on the side walls and under the ceiling of the boiler pipe for the efficient use of heat from the burners.