Biogas system and technique based on microwave heating
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological materials, and in particular to Biogas system and technique based on microwave heating.
Background technique
China's biomass resource is very rich, such as agricultural crop straw, forestry branch, the industrial dregs of a decoction, in recent years to low-heat
The concern of the energy trans-utilization of value fuel is also increasingly increasing.Reinforcement with the mankind to environmental protection consciousness is being paid close attention to
While waste utilization, more efficient, the smaller energy transformation technology of pollution is gradually used in industrial productio.
Standard biologic matter fixed bed gasification technology is limited by process conditions, is primarily present that gasification reaction temperature is low, carbon turns
The problems such as rate is low, tar content is big, synthesis gas utilizes quality low.The microwave plasma equipment for gasification occurred at present cannot be to life
Raw material of substance is completely heated, or biggish heating power is needed to can be only achieved preferable heating effect, is heated in this way
Low efficiency, power consumption is larger, and operating cost is high, haves the defects that waste of energy, seriously constrains the energy of biomass resource
Chemical industry utilizes.
Summary of the invention
It is strong using biomass material self heat and external microwave heat source collective effect that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of
The Biogas system and technique based on microwave heating of metaplasia gasification substance conversion process.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
Biogas system based on microwave heating, including sequentially connected microwave gasification furnace, be used for and microwave gasify
Furnace generate high-temperature gas exchange heat heat exchanger, cleaning dust equipment, caisson;Heat exchanger input air and
It is passed into microwave gasification furnace after water, with the gas converting heat of microwave gasification furnace generation from the other end of heat exchanger;Cleaning dust
The solid discharge of equipment is connect with microwave gasification furnace;Hot sky is produced in the high-temperature gas heat exchange that heat exchanger and microwave gasification furnace generate
It is passed into microwave gasification furnace after gas and water vapour as gasifying medium;The residue of cleaning dust equipment leads to after dehumidification treatments
The feeding conveying system connecting with microwave gasification furnace, participates in gasification reaction together with biomass material;The penetration power of microwave is strong, produces
Raw heat is big, and temperature needed for capable of being rapidly achieved vegetable material gasification, factor of created gase is high, is easy to control;It will by heat exchanger
To air and water, the heat after exchange can reuse in microwave gasification furnace the Exchange of apparent heat of high-temperature fuel gas, improve and be
The efficiency of heating- utilization of system;Residue enters back into microwave gasification furnace in cleaning dust equipment, carries out reheating, reduces discarded
Object discharge.
Further, the heat exchanger includes at least two-stage heat-exchanger rig.
Further, in order to preferably obtain the less clean gas of impurity, the cleaning dust equipment and detergent box
Connection, the interior pump being equipped with for being pumped into detergent in cleaning dust equipment of detergent box.
Further, the microwave gasification furnace includes shell, the reaction temperature in concentration and gasification furnace in order to guarantee energy
Degree, the upper and lower ends of shell are narrower than middle part, are equipped with microwave generator in hull outside wall, convey in the lower end of shell equipped with ash discharge
Device is equipped with the feed inlet of biological material in the side of shell, and shell is equipped with several place steam inlets and several place's gases
Entrance, gas access are air or oxygen-enriched entrance, and heat exchanger tube is equipped in shell;Pass through the height in microwave generator and heat exchanger tube
Warm medium collective effect improves heating efficiency, the gasification of raw material is accelerated to convert in the raw material in gasification furnace.
Further, it is equipped with feed conveying device at the feed inlet, the automatic uniform of biomass material may be implemented
Feeding, convenient for control;Meanwhile the intermittent agitating device for concentrating charging to need of conventional fixed-bed gasification furnace is eliminated, it simplifies
Furnace structure.
Further, the feed conveying device includes feed hopper, and the lower horizontal of feed hopper is equipped with the first conveying auger,
First conveying auger is started by motor control, and the end of the first conveying auger is extend into shell, meanwhile, feed hopper is defeated with first
The diameter of conveying pipeline where sending the diameter for the vertical conveying pipes being arranged between auger to be greater than conveying auger, and in feed hopper and first
Flap valve namely is being installed additional on vertical conveying pipes road between conveying auger, can effectively avoid leaking for furnace gas, it is ensured that
The safe operation of system;Flap valve avoids impurity from entering in microwave gasification furnace when not using device.
Further, first conveying auger is the varying pitch conveying auger with direct current, and raw material is in fill process
It generates to the extruding force in gasification furnace direction and plays material self sealing action.
Further, the shell is followed successively by gas reformation area, raw material desiccation and pyrolysis reaction region, gasification master from top to bottom
Reaction zone and collection gray area, gas reformation area are in up-small and down-big taper, and the microwave being arranged on the conical surface is conducive to conversion zone energy
Concentration, improve efficiency of heating- utilization;Raw material desiccation and pyrolysis reaction region are cylindrical, and gasification main reaction region is in up big and down small cone
Shape is equipped with heat exchanger tube in collection gray area, can give the heat transfer of ash material to heat exchange inner air tube, the air after heat exchange is passed through again
Into shell, for improving gas making efficiency;The heat exchanger tube is horizontally disposed, is heat exchange coil, is passed through air in heat exchange coil, uses
In the heat of recycling collection gray area lime-ash.
Alternatively, the heat exchanger tube has more, the entrance of heat exchanger tube and the steam (vapor) outlet end of heat exchanger are connected, heat exchanger tube
Outlet is connect with the gas access end of heat exchanger.
Further, it is equipped with multiple temperature detecting elements on the housing, is set at the gas outlet of the housing tip
There is gas monitor and control device, temperature detecting element and gas monitor and control device are individually connect with control system respectively, to guarantee safety, combustion gas prison
Control device detects the pressure of the gas of generation, and by collected data transmission to control system, if hypertonia, control
System control alarm device alarm processed, and control feed conveying device and stop working, suspend pan feeding, after pressure reduction, then weighs
Newly work.
Further, the shell of cladding shell is equipped in the outside of the shell, the outside of shell is equipped with insulating layer.
Further, gas outlet tube in the upper housing is equipped with the second heat exchanger tube, for by the sensible heat of obtained gas
It is transferred to water or air, water vapour or hot-air obtained can be passed into furnace body and utilize as gasifying medium.
Biogas technique based on microwave heating, the specific steps are as follows:
1) biological material is sent into microwave gasification furnace and carries out laser heating;
2) air in the mixed gas and heat exchanger generated in microwave gasification furnace and water exchange heat, the sky after heat exchange
Gas and water are sent to microwave gasification furnace;
3) gasification burning after exchanging heat is purified in cleaning dust equipment, and residue leads to after dehumidification treatments and microwave
The feeding conveying system of gasification furnace connection is again introduced into gasification furnace and participates in gasification reaction;
4) purified clean gas is stored in caisson, to supply industrial utilization or civilian.
The working principle of the invention is: the material into gasification furnace first passes around evaporation drying and goes out moisture, the water evaporated
A part is divided to participate in biomass gasification reaction as gasifying medium, remaining major part goes upward to gas reformation area and tar with air-flow
It reacts, makes tar conversion small molecule fuel gas;Meanwhile work can be run according to biomass material characteristic and system
Condition, the supply amount for adjusting power and steam that microwave generator is opened can be opened larger when furnace lifting or higher moisture content of the raw material
Microwave generator power, and reduce the supply amount of external steam.
Entire gas system processed, by the high temperature air and steam collective effect that circulate in microwave gasification furnace and heat exchanger tube in life
Raw material of substance brings it about sufficient gasification reaction, using heat exchanger by the sensible heat transfer of gasification furnace output high-temperature fuel gas to height
Warm air and water vapour, the circulating repetition for forming energy utilize;, the gas after heat exchange is deposited into gas storage after cleaning dust
It is kept in device with spare, the residue for the flying dust and tar that dedusting obtains is sent into microwave gasification furnace to gasify again;Together
When, by set-up of control system, to guarantee the automatic of gas-making process and safe operation.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) plant can be rapidly achieved in biological material by Microwave-assisted firing and high temperature air and steam collective effect
Temperature needed for material gasification, accelerates gasification reaction rate, improves efficiency of carbon con version, and factor of created gase is high, is easy to control.
2) it by the setting of control system, realizes the control to safety in gas-making process, is able to achieve automatic feed, automatically
Discharge, and the control of the pressure and temperature to output gas, the high degree of automation of system are highly-safe.
3) whole system realizes the energy joint disposal of biomass class waste material, and systematic heat utilization is high-efficient,
It is small to the loading effects of environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of gas system processed in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of gas system processed in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of gas making device in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the heat exchanger tube of embodiment 1 in the present invention;
Wherein, 1 microwave gasification furnace, 11 gas monitor and control devices, 12 microwave generators, 13 thermocouples, 14 steam inlets, 15 gases
Entrance, 16 heat exchanger tubes, 2 control systems, 3 ash discharge conveying devices, 31 ash discharge motors, 32 ash discharge shaft couplings, 33 ash releasing tubes, 34 ash discharges
Auger, 35 lime-ash match wet water pipe, 36 grey slag outlets, 4 horizontal feeding devices, 41 conveying motors, 42 conveying shaft couplings, 43 conveyings
Pipe, 44 first conveying augers, 5 feed inlet feeding devices, 51 feed hoppers, 52 vertical conveying pipes, 53 flap valves.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Whole description.
Embodiment 1
Biogas system based on microwave heating, including sequentially connected microwave gasification furnace 1, be used for and microwave gasify
Furnace 1 generate high-temperature gas exchange heat heat exchanger, cleaning dust equipment, caisson;Heat exchanger includes at least two
Grade heat-exchanger rig, hot-air and water vapour are produced in input air and water, the high-temperature gas heat exchange generated with microwave gasification furnace 1 respectively
It is passed into microwave gasification furnace 1 as gasifying medium afterwards;The residue of cleaning dust equipment leads to and microwave gas after dehumidification treatments
Change the feeding conveying system that furnace 1 connects, gasification reaction is participated in together with biomass material;, the penetration power of microwave is strong, the heat of generation
Amount is big, and temperature needed for capable of being rapidly achieved vegetable material cracking gasification, factor of created gase is high, is easy to control;It will be high by heat exchanger
To air and water, the hot-air and water vapour produced can reuse in microwave gasification furnace 1 Exchange of apparent heat of warm combustion gas, real
Existing heat recycles;Residue enters back into microwave gasification furnace 1 in cleaning dust equipment, carries out second gasification.
In order to preferably obtain the less gas of impurity, the cleaning dust equipment is connect with detergent box, detergent box
The interior pump being equipped with for being pumped into detergent in cleaning dust equipment.
The microwave gasification furnace 1 includes shell, is equipped with the shell and insulating layer of cladding shell in the outside of the shell;For
Guarantee the reaction temperature in the concentration and gasification furnace of energy, the upper and lower ends that shell is arranged are tapered, on the housing
The outside of side and downside is equipped with microwave generator 12.It is equipped with ash discharge conveying device 3 in the lower end of shell, is set in the side of shell
Have a feed inlet of biological material, shell is equipped with several place steam inlets 14 and several place gas accesses 15, gas be it is oxygen-enriched,
Heat exchanger tube 16 is equipped in shell, heat exchanger tube 16 is horizontally disposed, is the heat exchange coil of S type, as shown in Figure 4.Occurred by microwave
High-temperature medium collective effect in device 12 and heat exchanger tube 16 improves heating efficiency, accelerates the gas of raw material in the raw material in gasification furnace
Change conversion.
It is equipped with feed conveying device at the feed inlet, realizes automatic uniform feeding.As shown in figure 3, the feed inlet
Conveying device includes feed hopper 51, and feed hopper 51 connects vertical conveying pipes 52, sets in the lower horizontal of vertical conveying pipes 52
The first conveying auger 44 in conveying pipeline 43, the first conveying auger 44 is by being located at the conveying motor of 44 side of the first conveying auger
41 by conveying shaft coupling 42 control starting, the first conveying auger 44 be varying pitch conveyer device&apos of the end with direct current section, first
The end of conveying auger (varying pitch conveying auger) 44 is extend into shell, is set between feed hopper 51 and the first conveying auger 44
There is flap valve 53, the setting of the first conveying auger 44 and flap valve 53 can effectively avoid leaking for furnace gas, guarantee system
Operational safety;Flap valve 53 can also avoid impurity from entering in microwave gasification furnace 1 when not using device.
Ash discharge conveying device 3 includes ash releasing tube 33, and level is equipped with ash discharge auger 34 in ash releasing tube 33, passes through ash discharge motor
31 and ash discharge shaft coupling 32 realize conveying movement, the ash hole side of ash releasing tube 33 be equipped with lime-ash match wet water pipe 35, for pair
Lime-ash is humidified.
It is equipped with multiple temperature detecting elements on the housing, gas monitor and control is equipped at the gas outlet of the housing tip
Device 11, temperature detecting element (thermocouple 13) and gas monitor and control device 11 are individually connect with control system 2 respectively, to guarantee safety,
The pressure of the gas of 11 pairs of gas monitor and control device generations detects, and by collected data transmission to control system 2, if pressure
Power is excessively high, and control system 2 controls alarm device alarm, and controls feed conveying device and stop working, and suspends pan feeding, to pressure drop
After low, then re-start work.
Wherein, 2450 ± 50MHz of working frequency of microwave generator, 0.3~3.0kW of output power are continuously adjustable.
Microwave generator 12 guarantees 900~1200 DEG C of reaction temperature of the region in gas reformation area 2~3 floor of setting,
Tar material is set sufficiently to be cracked into H2、CH4、C2H4、C2H6Etc. small molecules fuel gas;The microwave generator is led in gasification
Reaction zone is arranged 1~2 layer and is used as auxiliary heat supplying, the heat which mainly utilizes biomass gasification process to generate, two parts heat
Amount collective effect guarantees that gasification main reaction region can guarantee higher 800~1000 DEG C of reaction temperature of main reaction region of gasifying;It is described
Microwave generator 12 collection gray area be arranged 1 layer, the energy of Microwave-assisted firing may advantageously facilitate the carbon conversion of ash content carbon residue, and
Heat exchanger tube to be arranged in fire grate provides enough energy inputs;Every layer of microwave generator 12 circumferentially uniformly divides on furnace wall
Cloth 4~8, microwave generator 12 is adjusted to biggish output power in the gas making device Ignition stage, is transported in gas making device
Row tend towards stability the operation phase when be gradually reduced the output power of microwave generator 12.
It is respectively equipped with air supply device in gasification main reaction region sum aggregate gray area, the gasifying mediums such as air/oxygen-enriched air are introduced into
It is passed through gasification furnace in heat exchanger tube 16 after preheating again, reduces lime-ash and discharge the sensible heat taken away, improve gasifier temperature.
As shown in Figure 1, the gas-made technology of gas system processed is as follows:
(1) microwave gasification is added to by feed conveying device continuous uniform through simple pretreated straw biomass raw material
In furnace 1;
(2) the external auxiliary heat source that biomass material is provided using self heat and microwave is in microwave gasification furnace 1 by gas
Change, generates and be rich in CO, H2And CH4High-temperature synthesis gas;
(3) heat exchanger by high-temperature synthesis gas sensible heat absorb normal temperature air and water be separately converted to high temperature air with
Water vapour is supplied to microwave gasification furnace 1 as gasifying medium;
(4) synthesis gas enters washing facility dust separation, and detergent can be used as washing medium after processing and recycle,
The main component filtered out in detergent is sent into gasification furnace for the residue of flying dust and tar and is regasified;
(5) synthesis gas after purified treatment supplies industrial utilization or civilian through gas storage holder stored adjustment.
Gasifying the ash content generated can be using returning to the field or as building materials raw material.The system can effectively improve system capacity using effect
Rate reduces the discharge of waste.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are:
The heat exchanger tube 16 has more, and the entrance of heat exchanger tube 16 and the steam (vapor) outlet end of heat exchanger connect, heat exchanger tube 16
Outlet and heat exchanger gas access end connect.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are:
The heat exchanger tube 16 is obliquely or vertically arranged.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are:
Other than the heat exchanger tube of above-mentioned two embodiments setting, one or more is equipped on the high-temperature pipe of gas outlet
A heat exchanger produces hot-air or steam as reaction medium respectively and supplies gasification furnace or supply external other systems utilization,
As shown in Figure 4.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.