RU81727U1 - INSTALLATION FOR DIRECT GASIFICATION OF AQUAROUS SUSPENSION - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to energy and can be used for gasification of water-coal suspensions prepared from low-grade, high-ash coals and their wastes.

The installation for direct-flow gasification of a coal-water suspension contains a gas generator that can be connected through controlled valves to a container for a coal-water suspension, a supply line through a controlled valve into the cavity of the gas generator of the enriched air and a separator for purification of the obtained gas, coupled to the body of the gas generator. The installation is equipped with a nozzle module installed at one of the ends of the gas generator and equipped with an ignition mixture, the nozzle module contains two blocks of fuel nozzles, air nozzles and a heating nozzle, which can be connected via controlled valves to a tank for combustible gas and with an air supply line, fuel nozzles have the ability to connect through controlled valves with a container for coal-water fuel and with the enriched air supply line, with which they also have the opportunity connections through a controlled valve to air nozzles, and in the case of the gas generator there is a cooling cavity designed to pump enriched air when it is supplied to the nozzle module. 1 P. f., 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to energy and can be used for gasification of water-coal suspensions prepared from low-grade, high-ash coals and their wastes.

A gasifier for coal or a coal mixture is known, comprising a casing into which a blast channel located in the upper part of the casing is introduced, a channel for discharging the produced gas, and a heater mounted on the bottom of the casing in its center. The blast channel is made in the form of a pipe, the output of which is placed above the electric heater. For the operation of the gasifier, the body cavity is filled with raw materials (dispersed coal or a coal mixture), the electric heater is turned on, and blast (air, water vapor, oxygen) is supplied through the blower channel. As a result, the pyrolysis of raw materials is carried out in the housing near the electric heater. The combustible gas formed as a result of the reaction is fed through the outlet channel to the storage tank or directly to the consumer. A solid residue (ash, coke) fills the lower cavity of the casing, and unreacted raw materials under the influence of gravity are lowered to the electric heater and subjected to pyrolysis. (see RF patent No. 2097406, class C10J 3/20, 1997).

As a result of the analysis of the implementation of this gasifier, it should be noted that it does not provide a continuous operation process, but is built on the principle of periodic operation (raw materials are loaded in portions), which determines its extremely low productivity, and the pyrolysis process is carried out only near the electric heater, which also reduces the gas generator performance while the raw material located at the walls of the housing practically does not undergo a pyrolysis reaction, and is sent to waste, with the waste being deposited in the lower part of the housing, the conditions for heating the raw materials with an electric heater are worsened, the pyrolysis process slows down sharply and in this case it is necessary to stop the gas generator and carry out its prevention.

Known gas generator containing a drying chamber and pyrolytic decomposition of raw materials loaded into the chamber by a loading device. With the exit of the drying chamber and pyrolytic decomposition of raw materials, a combustion chamber is connected with regeneration and purification zones of the generator gas, a generator gas separator and a cooler. The gas generator is connected by highways to the system for supplying air to the combustion zone and is equipped with a water cooling system.

(see RF patent No. 2303050, class C10J 3/20, 2007) is the closest analogue.

As a result of the analysis of the implementation of this gas generator, it should be noted that the process of preliminary drying of the raw material with its pyrolysis decomposition with subsequent burning of pyrolysis waste is time-consuming, requires complex cleaning systems and a powerful cooling system, which complicates the design of the gas generator.

The objective of this utility model is to develop a plant for gasification of raw materials, built on the principle of continuous operation, characterized by high gasification performance and allowing to obtain gas with a high degree of purification, as well as convenient for operation and maintenance.

The task is ensured by the fact that in the installation for direct-flow gasification of a coal-water suspension containing a gas generator having the ability to connect through controlled valves to a container for a coal-water suspension, a supply line through a controlled valve into the cavity of the gas generator of enriched air and a separator for purification of the obtained gas, coupled to the gas generator body , new is that the installation is equipped with a nozzle module installed at one of the ends of the gas generator and equipped with In order to ignite the working mixture, the injector module contains two fuel injector blocks, air nozzles and a heating nozzle, which can be connected via controlled valves to a tank for combustible gas and to an air supply line, fuel nozzles have the ability to connect through controlled valves to a tank for coal-water fuel and with an enriched air supply line, with which air nozzles are also able to be connected through a controlled valve, moreover, in the gas generator housing

a cooling cavity for pumping enriched air when it is supplied to the nozzle module.

The essence of the claimed utility model is illustrated by graphic materials on which:

figure 1 is a diagram of a plant for once-through gasification of a water-coal suspension;

figure 2 - gas generator, axial section.

Installation for direct-flow gasification of coal-water slurry contains a gas generator, made in the form of a housing 1, for example, a cylindrical shape, on the inner surface of which is lined 2. On the outside of the housing 1 there is a shell 3, forming a cavity with the outer surface of the housing for pumping air supplied to the gas generator housing for pyrolysis of raw materials. The input manifold of the tract is indicated by the position 4. On the side of one end, the housing 1 has the shape of a cone 5, on which the bypass collector 6 is placed.

The gas generator is mounted on a frame 7, on which the nozzle module 8 is also mounted, joined with the other end of the housing and consisting of the first block of fuel nozzles 9 installed at different angles with respect to the axis of the housing 1 and the second block of fuel nozzles 10. The nozzle module also contains a heating element a gas nozzle 11 with a separate supply of gas and air components.

The gas generator also contains an ash pan 12 for collecting unreacted particles and extracting them through a removable bottom.

On the frame 7 there is a beam 13, to which a collector 14 for supplying to nozzles of a water-carbon suspension is attached, as well as a collector 15 for supplying heated air to nozzles 9 and 10 (fuel nozzles). The ignition of the combustible mixture is carried out by the ignition device 16, for example, a plasma torch.

An air separator 17 having an output manifold 18 is docked to the flange of the conical part 5 of the housing 1.

The heating nozzle 11 is connected by a line 19 to a tank 20 for combustible gas, and a line 21 to a source of enriched air supply (enriched air in this application means air with

oxygen not less than 50%). A controlled valve 22 is installed in the highway 19, and a controlled valve 23 is installed in the highway 21.

The input manifold 4 is connected to the enriched air supply line 24.

The bypass manifold 6 is connected by a highway 25 through a collector 15 to the highways 26.1, 26.2, 26.3. In highways 26.2 and 26.3 installed controlled valves 27 and 28.

The installation is also equipped with tanks (not shown) for water-coal suspension (water-coal fuel - VUT), nitrogen, water.

The water-coal slurry tank by the line 29 in which the controlled valve 30 is installed is connected to the fuel nozzles of the first block.

The nitrogen tank by line 31, in which the controlled valve 32 is installed, is connected to the line for supplying water-carbon fuel to the nozzles.

The water tank through the line 33, in which the controlled valve 34 is installed, is connected to the line 29.

In line 24, a controlled valve 35 is installed.

The nozzle module also includes a block of air nozzles 36, which are most advisable to install at an angle to the axis of the housing 1 of the gas generator.

In the branch 29.1 of the line 29, a controlled valve 37 is installed for supplying a water-coal suspension to the fuel nozzles 10.

The design of components, assemblies, systems included in the installation is known, does not constitute the subject of patent protection for this application and is not disclosed in its materials.

Installation works as follows.

The installation can be operated both in manual and automatic modes. Let us consider the operation of the installation using an example of its operation in automatic mode.

The installation begins with its launch, which is carried out in three stages.

At the first stage of start-up, the control system gives a command to turn on the ignition device 16 and open the valves 22 and 23.

On highways 19 and 21, combustible gas and enriched air are supplied to the heating nozzle 11. The gas-air mixture at the outlet of the nozzle 11 is ignited by the device 16. The combustion products of the gas-air mixture moving inside

body 1, heat it. The heating temperature of the housing is determined by temperature sensors, the data from which enter the control system.

When the housing 1 is heated to a predetermined temperature, the second start-up stage begins, according to which the control system gives the command to open the valves 35, 27, 30, as a result of which the heated enriched air enters through the nozzles 36 into the cavity of the housing 1, to the nozzles of the first block. When the valve 30 is open, the water-carbon suspension flows through the line 29 to the inlet of the nozzles 9 of the first block and through them into the body cavity 1. Thus, when the valve is open 35, enriched air is supplied through the manifold 4 to the body cooling cavity for cooling the latter and heating the air. On the highway 25 through the collector 15, it enters the valves 27 and 28 and the nozzles 9 of the first block. Thus, a water-coal suspension mixed with air-enriched air enters the cavity of the housing 1, which is ignited by the heat of the combustion products of the gas-air mixture entering the housing cavity from the nozzle 11, as well as from the plasma torches 16.

The combustion products of the enriched water-coal suspension additionally heat the housing 1 (intermediate mode of operation of the gas generator).

After the gas generator enters the intermediate operation mode, the third stage of gas generator start is initiated, for which the control system gives a command to shut off valves 22 and 23, stopping the supply of enriched air and gas to the nozzle 11, the combustion of which ceases.

Next, the control system gives the command to open the valve 27, ensuring the supply of enriched air from the outlet of the cooling jacket to the turbulence-stabilizing nozzles 36, mounted in such a way as to ensure swirling of the flow, thereby intensifying and stabilizing the combustion process. In this case, air is supplied at full flow rate, providing efficient cooling of the housing.

Then the control system gives the command to open the valves 28 and 37, to ensure the flow of water-carbon suspension to the nozzles of the second block and through them into the cavity of the housing 1. The valve 28 provides the enriched air to the inlet of the nozzles of the second block.

In the body cavity, the air-fuel mixture ignites under the action of heat of the combustion products of the suspension and air entering the nozzles of the first block under the influence of the ignition device 16.

The products of pyrolysis formed as a result of the reaction with enriched air in a water-coal suspension from the gas generator exit enter the air separator 17, where the solid non-combustible fraction (unburned coal, ash) is separated from the obtained pyrolysis gas. Pyrolysis gas enters through the collector 18 into storage tanks or to the consumer, and unburned fractions are removed to the outside. The installation has reached steady-state operation.

In the established operating mode, the control system periodically “polls” the sensors and, if necessary, corrects the installation operating mode if necessary. When any parameter leaves the range of permissible values, the control system corrects its operation modes or shuts down the installation.

Scheduled shutdown of the installation is carried out by the command of the control system, which issues a command to open valves 22 and 23. Gas and enriched air are supplied to the nozzle 11 and the resulting gas-air mixture is ignited in the combustion zone of the coal-water slurry. Immediately after this, the control system gives the command to close the valves 37 and 28, which leads to the cessation of the supply of water-carbon suspension and enriched air into the nozzles of the second block. The operation of the gas generator goes into intermediate mode.

Next, the control system gives the command to close the valves 30 and 35, which leads to the cessation of the supply of water-coal suspension and enriched air into the nozzles of the first block. The pyrolysis process is terminated.

Further, the control system gives commands to open the valve 34, providing water from the line 33 to the water supply line of the coal-water slurry for washing the line and nozzles.

The remains of unburned coal and ash are removed from the cavity of the housing 1 under the action of the combustion products of the mixture coming from the nozzle 11.

Next, the valves 22 and 23 are closed, stopping the operation of the nozzle 11.

A command is given to open valve 32 for nitrogen to enter the water-coal slurry supply line. Nitrogen provides purging of the line, nozzles from the remains of the water-carbon suspension and the cavity of the housing 1 from the pyrolysis residues.

The design of the installation ensures its continuous operation, and also ensures the purification of the resulting gas. The use of two blocks of nozzles and the supply of enriched air into the cavity of the housing ensures the efficient flow of the combustion process of the mixture, its almost complete combustion. Preventive work on the installation (cleaning of highways, nozzles, gas generator cavities) is carried out during a shutdown cycle.

Claims (1)

Installation for direct-flow gasification of a coal-water suspension, containing a gas generator having the ability to connect through controlled valves to a container for a coal-water suspension, a supply line through a controlled valve into the cavity of the gas generator of the enriched air and a separator for purification of the produced gas, coupled to the body of the gas generator, characterized in that the installation is provided a nozzle module installed at one of the ends of the gas generator and equipped with a device for arsonizing the working mixture, the nozzle module with It will contain two fuel injector blocks, air nozzles and a heating nozzle, which can be connected via controlled valves to a combustible gas tank and to an air supply line, fuel nozzles have the ability to connect through controlled valves to a tank for coal-water fuel and enriched air supply line, with which also have the ability to connect air nozzles through a controlled valve, and in the gas generator housing there is a cooling cavity designed for pumping enriched air when supplying it to the nozzle module.