RU2705535C1 - Device for burning coal-water fuel with a ceramic flame stabilizer and backlight - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fuel combustion devices.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat engineering. Device for burning coal-water fuel with ceramic flame stabilizer and illumination comprises two combustion chambers with fuel and air feed nozzles. Chambers are located vertically and separated by horizontally installed ceramic grids. One grid between upper combustion chamber and lower chamber, second one – between lower combustion chamber and slurry tray. Ceramic grids are flame stabilizers. In the lower combustion chamber a high-temperature electric heating element is installed, which performs the function of "lighting" of combustion chamber for fuel afterburning at a higher temperature and ignition element at the moment of the device start-up.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to produce boilers of low power, which work on water-coal fuel for heating of small rooms with minimum emission of harmful substances into atmosphere.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, in particular to a technique for generating thermal energy on the principle of flame oxidation of liquid fuel. This device is designed specifically for the burning of coal water. The device is also suitable for burning any other types of liquid fuels, can be used for heating residential buildings and premises, in industry, agriculture, housing and communal services, transport and other areas for autonomous water heating and air heating, as well as hot water residential and industrial premises, buildings and structures: garages, greenhouses, storages, farms, country houses, etc.

A device is known “A method of two-stage combustion of fuel and a furnace for its implementation” (RF patent No. 2323210, F23C 10/02 05/10/2008) in which the method of two-stage combustion of fuel is carried out in the first stage by gasification and partial combustion in a fluidized bed with circulation connected vertically oriented by the descending zone of gasification of fuel and the ascending zone of partial oxidation of the fuel and its coke residue at an environmentally caused low combustion temperature with subsequent and second stage afterburning of gasification products and unburned fuel in a flare high-temperature process in a chamber furnace, including the process of heat recovery generated in the first stage of combustion in addition to the energy consumption necessary to maintain the isothermality of the processes occurring in the layer in the amount necessary to heat the air used to provide combustion and afterburning of fuel in both stages of the reaction, and the layer of material transferred to the air by the cooled material removed outside the reaction zone. In addition to the circulating, a downward transit zone is arranged in the fluidized bed to afterburn the fluidized air stream at a controlled temperature of the combustible components from the discharge, in an amount and at the outlet temperature of the zone, sufficient to ensure that the reaction air is heated by regeneration heat, an inert component of the layer material, and the beginning afterburning zones are placed at the upper level of the fluidized bed in direct contact with the upper, output end of the ascending oxidation zone, which carries The surface of the layer is a material with an extremely low content of combustible substances for any reaction mode, some of which is carried out from the layer through its surface into the chamber chamber volume by the reaction products and unreacted air of the oxidation zone and also does not reach the afterburning zone. Heat recovery is carried out by means of highly efficient contact heat exchange between a dispersed mineral component of the layer material practically not containing combustible components and air heated before its use in the combustion processes of combustible substances. Outside the combustion zone, the technological transportation of hot, practically free of combustible components of the dispersed mineral component of the layer material is carried out using any, including airborne and pneumatic transport systems. ”

The disadvantage of this method is that this method requires a large furnace space for stable and complete combustion of fuel and cannot be implemented for domestic purposes, as well as incomplete combustion of fuel and a large amount of sludge, since in this method combustion occurs at low temperatures of 600- 900 degrees Celsius, which does not allow to completely burn water-coal mixtures.

The closest in technical essence of the claimed invention is a "Two-chamber furnace for burning crushed wood waste" (RF patent No. 2476768, F23B 10/00, F23G 5/027, F23C 6/04 02/27/2013 g) containing a layered prismatic gas-generating chamber with vertical front, rear and side walls, a ceiling with a gas-tight waste input unit, a layer-holding hearth lattice, with primary air blast nozzles installed above it, with generator gas outlet windows located on the rear wall above the layer the primary air blast and nozzles and under the layer-holding grill and equipped with filter gratings, as well as a prismatic afterburner with vertical front, rear and side walls, generator gas inlet windows placed on the front wall, afterburner air nozzles, gas ducts connecting the gas generation and afterburning chambers and connected to the generator gas outlet and inlet windows, respectively, in the rear wall of the gas generation chamber and in the front wall of the afterburner, with inside and oriented by the axisymmetric nozzles of the secondary air blasting in the direction of the afterburning chamber, walls are installed in the gas ducts with an even pitch, forming a system of vertically slotted confuser channels with equal input and output passage sections and parallel vertical planes of symmetry with each other, with a width on the front wall of the afterburner ( 0.4-1.7) the channel widths in the outlet sections, the secondary blast nozzles are arranged in vertical rows, installed in the inlet sections of each of channels, and their axes are aligned with the vertical planes of symmetry of the corresponding confuser channels.

The disadvantage of this device is that this device operates on solid fuel and on plants with a capacity of more than 100 kW, due to the need for a large furnace space.

The objective of the invention is the development of a domestic heating boiler of low power, powered by carbon-dioxide fuel (VUT).

It is known that for high-quality combustion, coal-water fuel must go through several phases: evaporation of water, burning of light fractions, burning of heavy coal fractions with particle sizes of 50-250 microns. For stable and complete combustion of the fuel, this problem is solved either by increasing the time spent by the fuel particles in the combustion zone or by increasing the temperature in the combustion zone.

The problem is solved in that a device for burning water-coal fuel with a ceramic combustion stabilizer and backlight containing two combustion chambers with fuel and air nozzles arranged vertically according to the invention, the chambers are separated by horizontally mounted ceramic gratings, one between the upper combustion chamber and the lower chamber, the second between a lower combustion chamber and a sump for sludge, which are stabilizers of combustion, as well as a high temperature is installed in the lower combustion chamber an electric heating element, which performs the function of “backlighting” the combustion chamber for burning fuel at a higher temperature and the ignition element at the time of starting up the device.

In the lower combustion chamber, the air-fuel mixture burns at a higher temperature due to additional heating by an electric high-temperature heating element, the same element is an ignition device. Ceramic honeycomb lattices stabilize the combustion process in a small-volume chamber, and the presence of “backlight” by a high-temperature electric heating element allows all fractions of fuel to participate in the combustion process.

The drawing (Fig. 1) shows a General view of a device for burning water-coal fuel with a ceramic combustion stabilizer and backlight.

The device contains: 1 - refractory casing, 2 - upper low-temperature combustion chamber for fuel, 3 - lower high-temperature combustion chamber for fuel, 4a, 4b - ceramic honeycomb lattices for separation of combustion zones and stabilization of the combustion process, 5 - high-temperature electric heating element, 6 - a nozzle for supplying fuel and air for combustion, 7 - a pan for removing ash and sludge, 8 - a heat exchanger, 9 - a tank for coal water, 10 - a fuel supply regulator, 11 - a fuel pump, 12 - a high-temperature heating regulator of an electric element, 13 - hoses for supplying coal-water fuel, 14 - a heating medium heating sensor, 15 - a sensor (high-temperature thermocouple) for adjusting the heating temperature, 16 - a heat-shielding casing, 17 - water-coal fuel (VUT).

The device operates as follows:

1. Starting the device.

- The coolant circulation is turned on;

- The electric high-temperature heater (5) is turned on in the "fuse" mode;

- In the chamber (2) and (3) at the same time, coal-water fuel begins to be supplied, which is ignited by a high-temperature electric heater. Further, at the beginning of the combustion process, the device body (1) and ceramic gratings (4a, 4b) are heated. After heating is completed and the device enters the operating mode, the combustion process occurs under the action of the high temperature of the device body (1) and ceramic gratings (4a, 4b), while the electric high-temperature heater (5) switches to the “backlight” mode to create a higher temperature combustion in the chamber (3). The fuel begins to burn first in the lower high-temperature chamber (3) then, in the process of heating the device, the fuel ignites in the upper chamber (2).

2. The main mode of operation.

Fuel (17) from the tank (9) with the help of hoses (13), a pump for water-carbon fuel (11) and a fuel supply regulator (10), is fed through the low pressure nozzles (6) to the upper (2) and lower (3) chamber burning device. In the upper low-temperature chamber (2), the process of combustion of light fuel fractions at a temperature of 1100-1300 degrees Celsius is the basis, but since the volume of the furnace is small, approximately 25-30% of the fuel (17), mainly solid coal compounds, 50-250 microns in size ., through the honeycomb ceramic grating (4a) from the upper combustion chamber (2) enter the lower high-temperature chamber (3), where they are burned out due to the higher temperature. A small amount of the initial fuel (17) is also added to the lower high-temperature chamber (3) to stabilize the combustion process. A high temperature in the lower chamber is achieved by illuminating the chamber (3) with an electric disilicit-molybdenum or other atmospheric high-temperature heater with a heating temperature of 1500-1800 Celsius (5). The temperature of the heating of the electric heating element (5) is controlled using a sensor (15). The electric heater (5) performs the functions of “backlight” and “ignition device”. High temperature allows all sizes of fuel particles to enter into a combustion reaction. Honeycomb ceramic gratings (4a, 4b) stabilize the combustion process and separate zones (2) and (3). In the process of starting work, the furnaces, ceramic gratings (4a, 4b) and the casing (1) accumulate thermal energy, and if the flame breaks down during the fuel supply, the device will continue to work due to the accumulated thermal energy. The remains of unburned fuel (17) and sludge are deposited on a sump (7) through a ceramic grate (4b).

3. Stopping the device.

The stop occurs by stopping the supply of coal water to the device.

The use of the claimed invention allows the production of devices (household boilers) of low power, operating on coal-water fuel for heating small rooms with minimal emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. This device can operate on other types of liquid fuels, such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel.

Claims (1)

A device for burning water-coal fuel with a ceramic combustion stabilizer and a backlight, comprising two combustion chambers with fuel and air nozzles arranged vertically, characterized in that the chambers are separated by horizontally mounted ceramic grilles, one between the upper combustion chamber and the lower chamber, the second between the lower a combustion chamber and a sump for sludge, which are combustion stabilizers, a high-temperature electric heating element is installed in the lower combustion chamber, Follow the important function of "backlight" combustion chamber for afterburning of the fuel at higher temperatures and the ignition element at the time of device start-up.

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