RU68213U1 - RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH MOBILE OBJECTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to radio communications technology. The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the system, namely, to protect the input circuits of the receiver of the ground and airborne transceiver stations from the powerful radio signals of the ground and airborne transmitters, respectively. To achieve this goal, it is planned to form, at the time of transmission of messages from ground or airborne transceiver stations, signals to block the input of the receiver using a buffer storage unit and a free access key, respectively. This signal is controlled by the corresponding antenna switch at the ground or airborne transceiver stations.

Description

The model relates to radio communications technology and can be used to organize data exchange via the air-ground channel, for example, in air traffic control systems.

A known radio communication system with moving objects (PO), containing ground and airborne transceiver stations, between which data is exchanged in accordance with the embedded algorithms [1]. When exchanging messages between a ground-based transceiver station and mobile communication objects, the channel load changes depending on the flight stage and the information activity of digital radio subscribers. The counter of the number of moving objects controls the number of objects and provides this number to the counter of the system load. Depending on the number of objects and the number of message retransmissions, the system uses dynamic algorithms for organizing messaging and controlling radio channels. To avoid collisions while simultaneously transmitting messages by several objects, the carrier is monitored during exposure to the on-board receiver. The state when the radio channel is free is determined. For the separation in time of the moments when several mobile objects were connected to the on-board device, a carrier frequency analyzer and a pseudo-random delay generator were introduced, which provide a corresponding delay in the transmission of messages from mobile objects.

The disadvantages of the system include:

- The lack of information about the relative position of the ground transceiver station located, for example, at the airport, and a moving object, for example, an aircraft, complicates the solution on board navigation tasks.

- The solution of the task of controlling the movement of software in only one ground transceiver station limits the area of responsibility of a radio communication system with a range of direct visibility of software (200-360) km at a flight height (8-10) km. However, the distance of the flight path can exceed 1000 km and the entire route requires continuous data exchange via the ground-to-air channel. Therefore, to ensure the continuity of support, an exchange must be provided

data on aircraft parameters between adjacent ground transceiver stations.

- The lack of software information in the transmitted data requires repeated requests from the ground transceiver station, which increases the unproductive download of the radio link.

The closest in purpose and most of the essential features is a radio communication system with moving objects [2], which is taken as a prototype. It consists of ground and airborne transceiver stations, between which data is exchanged. Messages from the software in the ground transceiver station pass through a series-connected receiver, demodulator, message decoder, first AND element, message priority decoder. Then the messages are distributed between the m-channel block of priority message timers and the block of priority message registers, from the output of which they are sent to the m inputs of the switch-distributor of messages and, in accordance with the address of the message, are distributed either to the free access key, or to the address polling key, or to a data recording unit for display, or to a terrestrial communication modem for transmitting data to other terrestrial transceiver stations. If there is a corresponding address in the strobe formed by the free-access clock generator, messages passing through the free-access key connected in series, the buffer storage unit, modulator and transmitter are converted into radio signals intended for software. Similarly, messages from the output of a location sensor or typed on the control panel of a ground-based transceiver station and displayed on a data block are converted into radio signals after passing through a series-connected data output unit, a buffer storage unit, a modulator and a transmitter. Tracking the system load level, organizing the data exchange process in accordance with the given algorithms, is provided by the buffer register of addresses of moving objects, a counter of the number of moving objects, a system load counter, a shaper of a time window, an address polling clock generator, a delay line, a second AND element, a key free access, address polling key, counter of the number of interrogations, reset pulse generator, data format converter.

In the on-board transceiver station of a radio communication system with moving objects, radio signals from a ground-based transceiver station, passing an antenna switch with an antenna, a receiver, a demodulator, an address decoder, a mode decoder, are displayed on the data recording unit, as well as data from the output of the on-board transceiver station control panel. Information from the outputs of the sensors of the data output unit, the data processing unit of the global navigation system, the aircraft address unit, and the onboard transceiver station control panel via the message register block, message priority encoder and message switch-distributor is fed to the inputs of the free access key, clock generator, address key a survey. The generated messages from the output of the switch-distributor of messages or the mode decoder, passing through sequentially connected address polling key, time relay, delay line, random number generator, modulator, transmitter, antenna switch with an antenna, are emitted in the form of radio signals into space. To assess the occupancy of the radio channel, the carrier listening mode is provided using a carrier frequency analyzer, a pseudo-random delay generator, a free access key, which form a transmission permission signal supplied to the modulator input. The clock generator provides synchronization of messages transmitted from the software.

The disadvantages of the prototype include:

- lack of protection of the input circuits of the receiver of the ground transceiver station from the powerful radio signals of the transmitter;

- lack of protection of the input circuits of the receiver of the airborne transceiver station from the powerful radio signals of the corresponding transmitter;

- the presence of two antennas and antenna-feeder paths of the ground transceiver station increases the cost of the system, complicates the placement of its elements and increases operating costs.

The main task, which the claimed model is aimed at, is to increase the reliability of the system, namely, to protect the input circuits of the receivers of the ground and airborne transceiver stations from the powerful radio signals of the ground and airborne transmitters, respectively.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the radio communication system with moving objects, containing in the ground transceiver station

serially connected transmitter and modulator, data recording unit, data output unit, first and second elements AND, serially connected message decoder, buffer register of addresses of moving objects, object number counter, system load counter, free access clock generator, free access key and buffer storage unit, serially connected shaper of the time window and the clock generator of the address poll, sequentially connected by m-bit decrypto bus message priority, consisting of m priority registers, and a message distribution switch, priority message timer block, consisting of m timers, a number of overshoot counters and a reset pulse generator, the output of the demodulator being connected to the first input of the first element And, the second output of the buffer address register is movable objects is connected to the second input of the first AND element, the output of which is connected to the input of the message priority decoder, the output of which is connected by an m-bit bus to the control input of the register block in priority messages, the first output of the message distribution switch is connected to the information input of the free access key and to the information input of the address polling key, the output of which is connected to the second input of the buffer storage unit, the second output of the message distribution switch is connected to the input of the data recording unit, the output of the block data output is connected to the third input of the buffer storage unit, the output of the counter number of requests is connected to the second input of the system load counter, the second output of which It is connected to the input of the time window driver, the second output of which is connected to the input of the delay line, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the second element And the output of the clock generator of the address polling is connected to the second input of the second element And, the output of which is connected to the control input of the address key interrogation, the output of the delay line is connected to the fourth input of the buffer storage unit, the first output of which is connected to the inputs of the modulator, counter of the number of interrogations and the reset pulse generator, output which is connected by an m-bit bus to the reset input of the block of priority message registers, connected to the main inputs / outputs of similar modems of two neighboring remote terrestrial transceiver stations, a terrestrial communication modem, whose information input is connected to the output of the message distribution switchboard, and the information

output - through a data format converter it is connected to the second input of the message decoder, a location sensor, the output of which is connected to the second input of the data output unit, the control panel of the ground transceiver station, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the corresponding data recording unit and data output unit, and to the airborne transceiver Stations - series-connected antenna switch, receiver, demodulator and address decoder, series-connected modulator and transmitter, the output of which is connected n with an antenna switch input, a data recording unit and a data output unit connected in series with an n-bit bus, a message register unit, a message priority encoder and a message distributor, serial connected clock generator, address polling key, time relay, delay line and generator random numbers, mode decoder, serially connected carrier frequency analyzer, pseudo-random delay generator and free access key, and the output of the address decoder is connected to the input of the mode decoder, the first output of which is connected to the input of the data recording unit, the second and third outputs of the mode decoder are connected to the second input of the address polling key and the free access key, the output of the data output unit is connected by an n-bit bus to the input of the message register block, the output of the switch-distributor of messages is connected to the third input of the address polling key and to the third input of the free access key, the second output of the clock generator is connected to the fourth input of the key access control, the output of which is connected to the first input of the modulator, the output of the random number generator is connected to the second input of the modulator, the second output of the receiver is connected to the input of the carrier frequency analyzer, the antenna, receiver and data processing unit of the global navigation system are connected in series, the latter output through (n The +1) th channel of the message register block is connected to the (n + 1) th input of the message priority encoder, and the airplane address block, the output of which through the (n + 2) th channel of the message register block is to (n + 2) - mu entrance message priority encoder, the control panel of the airborne transceiver station, the output of which is connected to the input of the data recording unit and through the (n + 3) th channel of the message register block with the (n + 3) input of the message priority encoder, are additionally introduced into the ground transceiver station serially connected antenna

and an antenna switch, the output of which is connected to the input of the receiver, the input is to the output of the transmitter, and the control input is to the second output of the buffer storage unit, in the on-board transceiver station, the output of the free access key is also connected to the control input of the antenna switch, n is the number of software sensors, m is the number of timers in the block of priority message timers and the number of registers in the block of priority message registers.

Figure 1 shows the functional diagram of the ground transceiver station and its communication, figure 2 is a functional diagram of the airborne transceiver station.

The ground-based transceiver station 1 contains a receiver 2, a demodulator 3, a message decoder 4, a buffer register 5 addresses of moving objects, the first element And 6, a decoder 7 message priorities, block 8 priority message timers, block 9 register priority messages, switch-distributor 10 messages, a counter 11 for the number of moving objects, a system load counter 12, a free access clock generator 13, a time window shaper 14, an address poll generator 15 clock pulses, a delay line 16, a second element T AND 17, free access key 18, data output unit 19 as an information source, address interrogation key 20, buffer storage unit 21, overspeed count 22, reset pulse generator 23, data recording unit 24, modulator 25, transmitter 26, modem 47 terrestrial communication, location sensor 48, data format converter 49, control panel of the ground transceiver station 54, antenna switch 56, antenna 57.

The on-board transceiver station of a mobile communication radio system includes an antenna switch with an antenna 27, a receiver 28, a demodulator 29, an address decoder 30, a mode decoder 31, a data recording unit 32, a data output unit 33, a message register unit 34, a message priority encoder 35, a switch 36 message distributor, free access key 37, clock pulse generator 38, address polling key 39, time relay 40, delay line 41, random number generator 42, modulator 43, transmitter 44, carrier frequency analyzer 45, gene ator pseudorandom delay 46, 50, 51 and 52 - an antenna, a receiver and data processing unit of the global navigation system, respectively, and the block addresses 53 of the aircraft 55 and the remote control board transceiver station.

The radio signals received by the ground receiver 2 of the ground transceiver station 1 from the air-to-ground channel are converted into video signals in the demodulator 3 and fed to a message decoder 4, which is connected to the buffer register 5 of the addresses of moving objects and is used to identify the addresses received in the message with the addresses of moving objects stored in buffer register 5, in accordance with the exchange protocol accepted in the system. If the address of the moving object coincides with the address stored in the list, the And 6 element receives a control signal from the buffer register 5 of the addresses of the moving objects and the message enters the decryptor 7 message priorities. Messages from the terrestrial communication modem 47 are received at the second input of message decoder 4 through a format converter 49. Prioritization of messages for incoming information messages in accordance with the categories of urgency accepted in the radio communication system with mobile objects is carried out using shifting message registers, the first bit of which is initially “1” is written, which corresponds to the absence of messages. Upon receipt of messages from the radio communication channel in the registers 9, the messages of the corresponding queues are shifted and priority timers are started, the number of which is determined by the number of received message priorities in accordance with the exchange protocol, which control the time spent by the messages in the queue of the corresponding urgency category. Block 8 timers priority messages determines the time "aging" of information, and if the message for a certain period of time has not been transmitted to the communication channel, it is "erased" and the buffer storage unit 21 sends a request for retransmission of the message.

When maintaining the specified time, the message, depending on the system load, enters the buffer storage unit 21 either through the free access keys 18 or through the address polling keys 20 or when a ground transceiver station is input from the control panel 54 (from the location sensor 48) through the data output unit 19 The buffer storage unit 21 generates a message and a corresponding time gate for transmitting them to the input of the modulator 25 and to the input of the antenna switch 56, respectively. The message dialed by the operator (dispatcher) from the control panel 54 is displayed in the data recording unit 24.

When exchanging messages between a ground-based transceiver station and mobile objects, the channel load changes depending on the flight stage and information activity of digital radio subscribers. The counter 11 of the number of moving objects constantly monitors the number of objects and issues this number to the counter 12 of the system load, which determines the load of the communication channel. Depending on the number of moving objects and the number of interrogations of messages of a radio communication channel, the system uses dynamic algorithms for organizing the exchange of messages and control of radio communication channels, as well as the exchange of necessary data on software parameters between neighboring ground transceiver stations 1. For example, free access mode can be used with side of moving objects or a mode with a time interval.

By analyzing the state and loading of the radio channel in the communication system with mobile objects, the ground transceiver station 1 determines the number of collisions of messages in the radio channel, and when this number exceeds the maximum allowable, the system goes into address polling mode to streamline the operation of the air-ground data channel ". In order to avoid collisions during simultaneous transmission of messages by several objects, the carrier is monitored during exposure to the receiver 28 of the service part of the messages. A prepared message is transmitted only when the radio channel is free. In order to spread in time the moments when mobile objects came into contact when they found that the radio channel is free, a carrier frequency analyzer 45 and a pseudo-random delay generator 46 were introduced into the airborne transceiver, which provide a corresponding delay in the transmission of messages from moving objects.

From the counter 11 of the number of movable objects, information about the number of movable objects in the radio communication zone is supplied to the system load counter 12, which provides a control signal to the free access clock generator 13, which sets the system cycle through the free access key 18 in the free access mode. To do this, use the aircraft number data received from block 53 of the aircraft address through the (n + 2) th channel of block 34 message registers, the encoder 35 priorities, the switch-distributor 36 messages, key 37 free access or through the chain

serially connected nodes 39, 40, 41, 42. Then the message is modulated in the modulator 43 and, passing the transmitter 44 and the antenna switch 27 with the antenna, are radiated into space. The control data collected by the pilot on the control panel 55 of the onboard transceiver station is displayed on the data recording unit 32 and transmitted through the (n + 3) th channel of the message register block 34 after passing through additional processing at the nodes indicated above are emitted into space. The frequency of sending messages from the remote control 55 is determined in accordance with the situation on the moving object. The output of the free access key is also connected to the control input of the antenna switch 27 to protect the input circuits of the receiver 28 of the airborne transceiver station from the powerful radio signals of the transmitter 2.

If the system load limit value is exceeded, the system load counter 12 generates a control signal for switching on the address polling generator 15 of the time window 15 of the time window generator 14, which sets the system cycle through the address polling key 20 in the address polling mode. In the address polling mode, the communication initiator can only be a ground transceiver station 1, which, in accordance with the list of moving objects stored in the buffer register 5 addresses, periodically receives data from moving objects. It is possible to quickly transmit emergency (emergency) messages from mobile communication objects via a digital radio communication channel. If mobile objects were formed to transmit a message and found that the radio channel is free, then they inform the remaining mobile objects about the beginning of the data transfer cycle, including their location, and randomly distribute the sequence of their own transmission in this cycle in the time slots allocated to them. Each of the moving objects, using the carrier signal in the radio channel and synchronization pulses synchronized, for example, with the global time of the satellite navigation system, calculates the sum of transmission periods and transmission-free periods. If this sum coincides with the value of the established sequence, the moving object starts transmitting its own packet in the selected time interval.

The control panels 54, 55 in the ground and airborne transceiver stations allow for the exchange of data, for example, via the dispatcher-pilot channel in the interests of the air traffic control service. They are intended

to select permission / information / request message elements that correspond to the accepted speech phraseology and typing of any text. Display of dialed and received messages is carried out on registration devices 24 and 32, respectively.

The communication system with moving objects allows you to organize the transmission of messages for opening windows both in free access mode and in the address polling mode and with the time division of the slots of moving communication objects using a time window shaper 14, a delay line 16 and a second element And 17, which are generated by control signals for the buffer storage unit 21 when transmitting a message to moving objects to open and close the "windows". The generator 23 of the reset pulses in accordance with the signals from the first output of the buffer storage unit 21 produces in block 9 of the priority message registers reset the processed messages on the respective priority registers. The counter 22 of the number of interrogations for signals from the first output of the buffer storage unit 21 controls the number of transmitted messages and the number of confirmations received from moving objects, and transmits control signals to the counter 12 of the system boot. Next, the buffer storage unit 21 receives a message for transmission from the data output unit 19. Messages from the terrestrial modem 47 through a format converter 49 are sent to a message decoder 4, to the other input of which messages from the output of the demodulator 3 are received. Then, both messages go through the priority queue procedure and then, in accordance with the above procedure, are sent to the input of the buffer storage unit 21, where the service and information parts of the message are formed. Then, through the series-connected modulator 25 in accordance with the modulation method used and the transmitter 26, the converted messages through the series-connected antenna switch 56 and the antenna 57 are transmitted to the radio channel for reception by moving objects. Using a strobe formed at the second output of the buffer storage unit 21 at the time of transmission of the message, the reception of radio signals from the air is blocked. This provides additional protection for the input circuits of the receiver 2 from high-power high-frequency signals of the transmitter 26. In the on-board transceiver station, the receiver 28 is constantly in the reception mode at the operating frequency (transmission frequency of the interrogation message from the ground transceiver

station 1). After the message passes through the antenna switch with antenna 27, receiver 28, demodulator 29, it enters the address decoder 30, where the address received in the message is identified with the address of the moving object stored in the address decoder. Next, the message is transmitted to the mode decoder 31, where the received service part of the message is decrypted and the system operation mode is determined. The information part of the message is recorded in the data recording unit 32, which can be made in the form of a monitor or other display device. After deciphering the feature of the mode, a control signal is supplied to the free access keys 37 or address polling keys 39, which operate under the control of a clock generator 38. A message from the data output unit 33 or from the output of the global navigation system data processing unit 52 or from the airplane address unit 53 or from the onboard transceiver station control panel 55 is recorded in the message buffer register block 34 and then fed to the message encoder 35 where the service part is formed messages and priority is determined depending on the priority of subscribers of the system. Next, the message arrives at the switch distributor 36 messages, which, depending on the priority level or in accordance with the requirements of the exchange protocol, ranks them in order of priority for transmission. Then the messages are transmitted to the free access keys 37 or the address polling keys 39 depending on the operating mode of the system, which is determined by the ground transceiver station or data exchange algorithm. Further, the messages are either sent directly to the modulator 43 or, having passed through the devices 39, 40, 41, 42, are set in a predetermined time interval and are received at the second input of the modulator. In the random number generator 42, an encoding operation may be performed if necessary.

At the time of application, CDs and software of the inventive radio communication system were developed. The devices indicated in the claimed object can be implemented as follows. Nodes 1-21 are the same as the prototype. To implement the ground-based transmitter 26, receiver 2, modulator 25, demodulator 3, the same name nodes of the Polet-2 radio station (KhZh1.102.014) can be used, and for similar airborne nodes 44, 28, 43, 29, the R-862 radio station (IZh1 .101.013). Other operations of decryption, switching, storage, registration and transfer of data similar to the prototype, including

a 4 message decoder and a buffer storage unit 21 can be performed on TTL, TTLSh microcircuits, or programmatically on a processor board 5066-586-133 MHz - 1 MB, 2 MB Flash CPU Card from Octagon Systems. Modem 47 can be performed on a device of the Modem Carol type 5524DA1212, nodes 48, 50, 51, 52 — on devices manufactured by Trimble Navigation Ltd for a GPS system. As the location sensor 48 can also be used ROM with constant coordinate information with reference to the standing point of the ground transceiver station or GPS receiver. As antenna switches 27 and 56 and antenna 57, the IGLM.468349.005 filter switch and ASV-MV2 antenna ISKM.464641.016, respectively, can be used.

The use of the inventive radio communication system allows to increase the reliability of the system by additionally blocking the output radio signals of the transmitters in the ground and airborne antenna switches, which will protect the input circuits of the receiver of the ground and airborne transceiver stations from the powerful radio signals of the ground and airborne transmitters, respectively, including direct “creep” »Powerful radio signals. In addition, the cost of manufacturing and operating the system is reduced.

LITERATURE

1. AS No. 1401626, M. cl. H04B 7/26, H04L 27/00 BI No. 21, 1988.

2. RF patent No. 2195774, M. Cl. HB04 7/26. BI No. 31, 2002 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A radio communication system with moving objects, comprising, in a ground-based transceiver station, a serially connected transmitter and a modulator, a data recording unit, a data output unit, first and second I elements, serially connected message decoder, a buffer register of addresses of moving objects, a counter of the number of objects, a system load counter, free access clock generator, free access key and buffer storage unit, serially connected time window former and generator of addressable polling pulses, sequentially connected by an m-bit bus, a message priority decoder, consisting of m priority registers, and a message switchboard, a priority message timer block, consisting of m timers, a number of retransmissions and a reset pulse generator, the output of the demodulator being connected to the first input of the first element And, the second output of the buffer register of addresses of moving objects is connected to the second input of the first element And, the output of which is connected to the input of the decoder prioritize of messages, the output of which is connected by an m-bit bus to the control input of the priority message register block, the first output of the message distribution switch is connected to the information input of the free access key and to the information input of the address polling key, the output of which is connected to the second input of the buffer storage unit, the second the output of the switchboard-message distributor is connected to the input of the data recording unit, the output of the data output unit is connected to the third input of the buffer storage unit, the output of the counter The number of interrogations is connected to the second input of the system load counter, the second output of which is connected to the input of the time window former, the second output of which is connected to the input of the delay line, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the second element And, the output of the address polling clock generator is connected to the second the input of the second element And, the output of which is connected to the control input of the address polling key, the output of the delay line is connected to the fourth input of the buffer storage unit, the first output of which is inen with inputs of a modulator, a number of interrogations and a reset pulse generator, the output of which is connected by an m-bit bus to a reset input of a block of priority message registers, connected to the main inputs / outputs of similar modems of two neighboring remote ground transceiver stations, a ground communication modem, whose information input is connected to the output of the switch-distributor of messages, and the information output through the data format converter is connected to the second input of the message decoder, the sensor the position, the output of which is connected to the second input of the data output unit, the control panel of the ground-based transceiver station, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the corresponding data recording unit and the data output unit, and in the on-board transceiver station - series-connected antenna switch, receiver, demodulator and address decoder, a modulator and a transmitter connected in series, the output of which is connected to the input of the antenna switch, a data recording unit and a data output unit, connected in series n-bit bus, message register block, message priority encoder and message distribution switch, serially connected clock generator, address polling key, time relay, delay line and random number generator, mode decoder, serially connected carrier frequency analyzer, pseudo-random generator delays and a free access key, and the output of the address decoder is connected to the input of the mode decoder, the first output of which is connected to the input of the data recording unit, the second and the third outputs of the mode decoder are connected to the second input of the address polling key and the free access key, the output of the data output unit is connected by an n-bit bus to the input of the message register block, the output of the message distribution switch is connected to the third input of the address polling key and to the third key input free access, the second output of the clock generator is connected to the fourth input of the free access key, the output of which is connected to the first input of the modulator, the output of the random number generator with it is single with the second input of the modulator, the second output of the receiver is connected to the input of the carrier frequency analyzer, the antenna, receiver and data processing unit of the global navigation system are connected in series, and the output of the latter through the (n + 1) th channel of the message register block is connected to (n + 1 ) to the input of the message priority encoder, and the airplane address block, the output of which through the (n + 2) channel of the message register block is to the (n + 2) input of the message priority encoder, the control panel of the onboard transceiver station, the output of which It is connected to the input of the data recording unit and through the (n + 3) -th channel of the block of message registers with the (n + 3) -th input of the message priority encoder, characterized in that a series-connected antenna and an antenna switch, the output of which is introduced into the ground transceiver station connected to the input of the receiver, the input to the output of the transmitter, and the control input to the second output of the buffer storage unit, in the on-board transceiver station, the output of the free access key is also connected to the control input of the antenna switch, n is the number o software sensors, m is the number of timers in the block of priority message timers and the number of registers in the block of priority message registers.