RU2518014C2 - System for radio communication with mobile objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radio engineering and can be used in systems for data communication between mobile objects, ground-based systems and other system subscribers. An on-board radio system determines the direction of a noise source and corrects the beam shape of the receiving antenna according to said determination. The on-board radio system includes n phase changers connected via two-way communication to corresponding inputs/outputs of n on-board broadband radio-frequency receiving-transmitting modules and to n inputs/outputs of a channel level module; control inputs/outputs of n phase changers are connected by two-way communication to corresponding n inputs/outputs of an on-board computer.

EFFECT: high noise immunity of the system and longer stable communication range.

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Description

The invention relates to data exchange systems and can be used to implement information exchange through ground-based systems (SC) between sources (recipients) of information located on air moving objects (PO) and receivers (sources) of information located on Earth.

In a radio communication system with moving objects [1] while moving, moving objects located within the radio horizon exchange data with the ground-based communication complex using the omnidirectional radiation of the on-board antenna of the transmitter’s radio signals. Messages received by the ground-based communication complex from the Air-to-Earth channel through data transmission equipment (ADF) are sent to the operator's computer workstation (AWP), where, in accordance with the exchange protocol adopted in the system, the address received in the message is identified with the addresses of moving objects stored in his memory. If the address of the moving object coincides with the address stored in the list, information about the location, motion parameters of the software and the state of its sensors is displayed on the monitor screen of the ground workstation. In the PC based PC workstation, the task of providing continuous radio communication with all N software is solved. When at least one of the software leaves the radio horizon or approaches the border of a stable radio communication zone, one of the software that is assigned by the message relay is determined programmatically. Based on the results of the analysis of the location and motion parameters of the remaining software, the optimal paths for message delivery to the remote one from the satellite for the software horizon are determined. The message from the NC through a serial chain consisting of (N-1) software can be delivered to the N-th software. To do this, on the NK in the shaper of the type of relayed messages, the number of the software assigned by the relay and the addresses of the air objects that provide the specified message traffic are laid down in a predetermined category (header) of the transmitted codegram. Messages received using an omnidirectional on-board antenna on a moving object are analyzed in a message type analysis unit. After the analysis, the issue of sending data via a bi-directional bus to the control system of a moving object or relaying them to neighboring software is resolved.

In normal mode, when relaying signals from the NK is not required, an address polling of the software is carried out by forming a message for transmission to the radio channel in accordance with the exchange protocol. The message typed by the operator (dispatcher) is displayed on the AWP monitor. After passing through the antenna, radio station, data transmission equipment, the signal is fed to the software in the on-board computer, where the address received in the message is identified with its own address of the moving object. Next, the message is transmitted to the analysis unit of the type of relayed message, where the decryption of the received header (service part) of the message is carried out and it is determined in what mode the software hardware should work. The information part of the message is recorded in the memory of the on-board computer and, if necessary, displayed on the screen of the data recording unit.

Shapers of the type of relayed messages allow for the exchange of digital data on the channel "operator-pilot" (CPDLC) instead of existing voice information. They are designed to select permission / information / request message elements that correspond to the accepted speech phraseology, and to set up arbitrary text. The display of dialed and received messages is carried out on the software data recording unit and the workstation monitor NK, respectively.

Messages from the outputs of the receivers of signals of global navigation satellite systems GLONASS / GPS are recorded in the memory of ground and airborne computers with reference to global time and used to calculate the navigation characteristics and motion parameters of each software. Received on the NK navigation messages from all software are processed in the calculator and displayed on the AWP monitor screen.

However, the aforementioned system has inherent disadvantages associated with the circular beam pattern in the azimuth of the airborne antenna, as a result of which the noise immunity sharply decreases and the range of stable communication decreases.

In addition, the equipment of the system consists of hardware units with low hardware reliability, which during the flight can fail and affect flight safety.

Known radio communication system with moving objects [2]. It differs from the above-mentioned system in that it additionally introduces redundant ground and airborne communications equipment, including DKMV long-distance radio stations. The radio communication system with mobile objects [2] includes N mobile objects (PO) connected by MB air-to-air radio channels MB, connected by MB air-to-earth radio channels MB and air-to-earth DKMV radio channels with M geographically dispersed ground-based complexes that are interconnected and with the corresponding control centers of air traffic control and airlines through a ground-based data network.

The ground-based communication complex includes the ground antennas of the MB and DKMV bands, respectively connected with the MB and DKMV radio stations connected by two-way communications through the data transmission equipment to the first input / output of the computer of the workstation, the second input / output of which is connected to the control input of the DKMV radio station , the third input / output is connected to the input / output of the terrestrial communication system, the first input is connected to the receiver of signals of navigation satellite systems (GLONASS / GPS), the second input is connected to the remote workstation control, the third input - to the builder type retransmitted messages, and the output - to the workstation monitor.

The mobile unit is equipped with an on-board communication complex, which includes omnidirectional on-board antennas of the MB and DKMV bands connected to MB and DKMV radio stations, respectively, which are connected by two-way communications via the on-board data transmission equipment with the first input / output of the on-board computer, the second input / output which is connected to the bi-directional bus of the moving object control system, the third input / output - to the analyzer of the type of received messages, the fourth input / output - to the control input / output DKMV radio stations, inputs to airborne sensors, relay type transmitter, signal receiver for navigation satellite systems, output to the data recording unit.

The disadvantages of the analogue are also associated with the circular beam pattern in the azimuth of the airborne antennas, as a result of which noise immunity sharply decreases and the range of stable communication decreases.

In addition, the small life cycle of airborne radio stations in the face of a continuous increase in ICAO's requirements for enhancing the functionality of communication systems included in the integrated communication, navigation and surveillance system for air traffic management (CNS / ATM) is due to the hardware performance of basic functions, including frequencies radio settings, bands, spectral signal filtering masks, physical levels of data transmission modes. Any new requirement for changing functions or insignificant correction of parameters necessitates hardware and constructive processing of the radio station, which is expensive for both avionics developers and its operators.

The closest in purpose and most of the essential features is a radio communication system with moving objects [3], which is taken as a prototype. In a radio communication system with mobile objects, which includes M geographically dispersed ground-based complexes and N mobile objects interconnected by air-to-air communication channels of the MB range, and using air-to-Earth radio channels of MB and DKMV ranges, with M ground-based complexes, NK are interconnected through a ground-based data network, through which continuous data exchange is provided. Each moving object contains an on-board computer, the first input / output of which is connected to the bi-directional bus of the moving object control system. The ground complex contains the ground antennas of the MB and DKMV bands, respectively associated with the terrestrial radio stations of the MB and DKMV bands, which are connected by two-way communications via the ground data transmission equipment to the first input / output of the computer of the workstation. The second input / output of the workstation is connected to the input / output of the NK for the terrestrial data network, the third input / output is connected to the shaper of the type of relayed messages, the first input is connected to the receiver of signals from navigation satellite systems (GLONASS / GPS), the second input is connected to the control panel of the workstation , and the output is to the workstation monitor. Each moving object has b pairs of interconnected airborne omnidirectional wide-range antenna feeder devices and wide-range radio frequency modules, the inputs / outputs of which are connected to the physical layer module (MFP) in accordance with the reference model for the interaction of open systems with two-way communications. The inputs / outputs of the MFP are connected to a computational communication module, consisting of channel-level module, router module (MM), and interface module (MI) connected in series with bi-directional communications. The MI inputs are connected to the on-board sensors, the receiver of the navigation satellite system, the output to the data recording unit, and the first input / output to the on-board analyzer of the type of received messages, the second input / output to the on-board driver of the type of relayed messages, the third input / output to the on-board computer. In addition, in each ground complex, the fourth input / output of the computer of the automated workstation is connected to the first control input of the ground radio station of the DKMV range, and the fifth input / output of the computer of the automated workstation is connected to the first control input of the ground radio station of the MB range, where b is necessary to obtain set reliability indicators the number of pairs of interconnected onboard omnidirectional wide-range antenna-feeder devices and wide-range radio frequency modes lei.

The disadvantages of the prototype are also associated with the circular shape in the azimuth of the onboard wide-range antenna-feeder devices, as a result of which noise immunity is sharply reduced and the range of stable communication is reduced compared with direct (optical) visibility.

The technical problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the noise immunity of the system and increase the range of stable communications, namely, the creation of an on-board radio engineering system that determines the direction to the source of interference and corrects the shape of the diagram of the receiving antenna in the directions to the carrier and the called subscriber.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known radio communication system with mobile objects, consisting of M geographically spaced ground-based communication complexes and N mobile objects interconnected by air-to-air communication channels of the MB band, and air-to-ground radio communication channels of MB and DKMV ranges - with M ground-based complexes that are interconnected and with external subscribers through a land-based data network, each moving object contains n wide-band onboard antennas connected directly with n airborne wide-range radio-frequency transceiver modules, the physical layer module is connected by two-way communications through a serial link channel module, the router module and the interface module to the on-board computer having a bi-directional interface of the on-board moving object control system, the inputs of the interface module are connected to the on-board sensors, receiver signals of the navigation satellite system, the output of the interface module is connected to the data recording unit, the second input d / output of the interface module is connected to the on-board analyzer of the type of received messages, the third input / output is connected to the on-board shaper of the type of relayed messages, and each ground complex contains terrestrial antennas of MB and DKMV bands connected respectively to terrestrial radio stations of MB and DKMV bands connected by two-way communications through ground-based data transmission equipment to the first input / output of the computer of the automated workstation (AWP), the second input / output of which is connected to the input / output of the SC for ground data transmission networks, the third input / output - to the shaper of the type of relayed messages, the fourth and fifth inputs / outputs - to the second inputs / outputs of the terrestrial radio stations MB and DKMV bands, respectively, the first input of the workstation calculator is connected to the ground receiver of signals from navigation satellite systems, the second input - to the AWP control panel, and the output to the AWS monitor, n phase shifters are introduced on each software, connected by two-way communications to the corresponding inputs / outputs of n onboard wide-band radio-frequency transceivers their modules and to the n inputs / outputs a physical layer module, control inputs / outputs n phase shifters are connected to the respective talkback n inputs / outputs board calculator.

The structural diagram of the inventive radio communication system with moving objects is presented in figure 1, where the notation is introduced:

1 - ground communication complex (NK);

2 - input / output NK 1 for a terrestrial data network;

3 - a moving object (PO), equipped with a new on-board communication complex, the structural diagram of which is shown in figure 2;

4 - input / output terrestrial data network, which is conventionally shown in figure 1 in the form of a line.

A radio communication system with software contains M geographically dispersed ground-based complexes 1, the structural diagram of which is shown in FIG. 3, and N mobile (air) objects 3 equipped with airborne communication complexes, the structural diagram of which is shown in FIG. 2, interconnected by communication channels 32 "Air-Air" MB range, and using channels 30 of the radio communication "Air-Earth" MB range and channels 31 DKMV range with M ground complexes 1, which are interconnected and ground users not shown in figure 1, using their inputs / Exit NK 2 and I / O 4 terrestrial data transfer network.

The structural diagram of the onboard equipment of a moving object 3 of the inventive radio communication system with moving objects, is shown in figure 2, where the notation is introduced:

5 - on-board computer;

6 - airborne sensors;

7 - an on-board receiver of signals of a global navigation satellite system GLONASS / GPS with an antenna;

8 - data recording unit;

9 - on-board analyzer of the type of received messages;

10 - airborne type relay relay messages;

11 - computing communication module (IUD);

12 - module interfaces with on-board equipment (MI);

13 - routing module (MM);

14 - channel level module (MCU);

15 - module physical layer (MFP) (digital signal processing);

16 - n airborne wide-range radio-frequency transceiver modules (SD RPPM);

17 - n airborne wide-range antennas (SD A);

18 - bidirectional bus control system of a moving object;

19 - n phase shifters.

Figure 2 shows for example 3 of n interconnected nodes 16, 17 and 19.

Moreover, n SDA 17 are connected directly (without an antenna-feeder path) to n SD RPM 16, which are connected via n phase shifters to the corresponding inputs / outputs of module 15 of the physical layer. The MFP 15 has a two-way digital interface with a channel level module 14, connected by a two-way digital interface with a routing module 13, connected by a two-way digital interface to the interface module 12, the inputs of which are connected to the on-board sensors 6, the receiver 7 of the signals of the navigation satellite system. MI 12 output is connected to the data recording unit 8, its second input / output is connected to the on-board analyzer 9 of the type of received messages, the third input / output to the on-board driver 10 of the type of relayed messages, the fourth input / output to the on-board computer 5 connected via a bi-directional interface 18 with an on-board control system software 3 not shown in FIG.

The structural diagram of the ground complex 1 of the inventive radio communication system with moving objects is presented in figure 3, where it is indicated:

20 - MB terrestrial radio station;

21 - ground antenna DKMV range;

22 - ground radio station DKMV range;

23 - ground-based data transmission equipment (ADF);

24 - computer workstation (AWP);

25 - ground-based receiver of signals of global navigation satellite systems with an antenna;

26 - shaper type relayed messages;

27 - monitor workstation;

28 - AWP control panel;

29 - ground antenna MB range;

2 - input / output NK 1 for a terrestrial data network.

In NK 1, ground antennas of 29 MB and 21 DKMV bands are connected respectively to radio stations of 20 MB and 22 DKMV bands connected by two-way communications via data transmission equipment 23 to the first input / output of the computer 24 of the workstation, the second input / output of which is connected to the input / output 2 NK 1 for the terrestrial data network, the third input / output - to the shaper 26 of the type of relayed messages, the fourth input / output - to the radio station 22 DKMV range, the fifth input / output - to the radio station 20 MB range, calculate the first input For the AWP, 25 signals of navigation satellite systems, for example GLONASS / GPS, are connected to the receiver, the second input to the AWP control panel 28, and the output to the AWP 27 monitor.

A radio communication system with moving objects operates as follows. Data transmission in the MB range with NK 1 is carried out through a chain of serially connected first software 3, second software 3 and further to the N-th software 3, and data transmission from the N-th software 3 to the NK 1 is carried out in the reverse order. Data transmission in the DKMV band with software 3 is carried out to that ground-based complex 1, the marker reception quality of which is the best or acceptable for the given mobile object 3. The ground-based data transmission network is connected by two-way interfaces 2 to each of M territorially spaced NK 1. Thus, the ground-based the data transmission network for information interaction unites all the NK 1 and provide a connection of each NK 1 with terrestrial users of the radio communication system.

In the absence of interference, the data exchange algorithm in the inventive radio communication system with software is that it carries out the following operations:

- assign each NK 1 for a time interval of 1-2 hours the active DKMV frequency from the set of allowed frequencies of the DKMV communication from the general list of frequencies, optimal according to the conditions of propagation of radio waves and electromagnetic compatibility for a given time interval, different from the active frequencies of all other NK 1 communication systems . Bring the number of the active frequency along with the time interval of its activation to each NK 1 through the terrestrial data network, thus realizing the frequency division multiple access (FDMA) protocol;

- determine for each allowed DKMV frequency its time offset of the first frame of the time division multiple access protocol (TDMA) relative to the leading frame, tied, for example, to 00: 00 min: 00 sec universal coordinated time UTC so that the marker signals on different frequencies were emitted by NK 1 in spaced time slots to reduce the time of analysis of the quality of the markers conducted by each moving object 3;

- develop a system table DKMV communication, which indicate a list of M ground-based communication systems 1 with their addresses, coordinates, supported by their operating modes and a set of allowed frequencies with the indicated offsets of the first frame of each frequency;

- bring the system table DKMV communication to all NK 1 and all software 3 over the terrestrial data network and radio channels;

- develop to ensure data transfer on the MB channel, the list of frequency support for MB communication, which indicates a list of M ground-based communication systems 1 with their addresses, coordinates, the modes of operation supported by them in the MB communication channel, sets of frequencies MB of communication allowed for each NK 1, bring a list of frequency support up to each software 3 through the terrestrial communication system and radio communication channels;

- carry out on each NK 1 the exchange of packet data through a ground-based data network with users of the system, as well as with other (M-1) NK1;

- implement in the ground equipment for data transmission 23 data exchange protocols in DKMV and MB channels of the physical layer (codec modems), channel and network layer, for example, in accordance with ARINC 618, 631, 635, 750, DO-224, ED-108 in HFDL, VDL-1 (ACARS), VDL-2, VDL-4 modes;

- the time of use of each DKMV frequency channel is divided into time frames for providing a DKMV communication for implementing a time division multiple access (TDMA) protocol. In the first slot of each frame, a marker signal is emitted, containing, for example, receipts for all messages received by SC 1 from different software 3 in the previous two frames, active frequencies of two adjacent SC 1, database version (system table), purpose of using slots with 4 on the 13th of the current frame and slots of the 2nd and 3rd of the next frame, as well as the channel busy flag. At the end of each frame, for each slot of the next frame, for example, it is assigned to be used for transmission from NK 1 or for transmission from a specific board (software 3) upon its preliminary request for an access slot, or for transmission from any board software 3 in random access mode ;

- exchange air-to-Earth packet data on each active DKMV channel with multiple access of moving objects 3 at a given message flow intensity;

- emit marker signals with a predetermined period to provide MB communications on each NK 1 at each authorized MB frequency. The signals of the markers are spread in time, so that software 3 can separately evaluate the quality of the signals of different NK 1 and select NK 1 for communication;

- choose the best communication frequency and register PO 3 at the selected frequencies of MB and DKMV channels on each PO 3 according to the results of assessing the quality of received marker signals of different NK 1 for each wavelength range;

- carry out in the MB range the exchange of packet data "Air-Earth" on the active MB channel, for example, in the mode of multiple access to the channel with listening to the carrier (CSMA) or on the active channel "Air-Air" and "Air-Earth" in multiple mode access to the channel with time division and self-organization (STDMA);

- initiate in the DKMV range on each moving object a frequency search procedure when the equipment is turned on or after disconnecting the line, if PO 3 can no longer detect markers from ground complex 1 at the current frequency. After auto-selecting the frequency and registering on the new channel, packet data is exchanged in TDMA mode with NK 1, on which PO 3 is registered, until the quality of the air-to-air DKMV channel exceeds the permissible level. If the quality of the DKMV radio channel is below the acceptable level, the new DKMV radio channel and its corresponding NK 1 are selected, regardless of the location of the NK 1, and software 3 is registered on the new DKMV radio channel;

- initiate the frequency search procedure in the MB range on each moving object when the equipment is turned on or after the line is disconnected, if SW 3 can no longer detect message packets from the ground complex 1 at the current frequency or if the control sublayer of the channel access protocol (MAC) indicates that current frequency is overloaded. At the same time, the RPM RP is tuned to an alternative (standby) frequency using the data from the frequency support list, and if the quality of the marker signals at the new frequency is satisfactory, register software 3 at the new frequency;

- implement in PO 3 and NK 1 the following procedures for managing the connectivity of the MB data line:

- identification of NK 1;

- initial installation of the line;

- modification of the line parameters;

- "handoff" initiated by software 3;

- “handoff” initiated by NK 1 at the request of PO 3;

- “handoff” initiated by NK 1;

- "handoff" initiated by software 3 at the request of NK 1;

- broadcast "handoff" at the request of NK 1;

- auto-tuning;

- form a batch message in the on-board end systems of software 3 (5, 18) containing the address of the recipient and the address of the sender (address of software 3), and transmit it through the interface module 12 to the on-board module 13 of the router, where it is packaged in the form of an ISO 8208 packet and then passed to the module 14 of the channel level, where it is converted into a packet of the channel level data network containing the verification sequence calculated using the redundant cyclic code (CRC). Received messages are transmitted to the module 15 of the physical layer, where they carry out, for example, operations:

- convolutional data coding for direct error correction;

- interleaving data to combat packetization errors due to fading;

- converting a sequence of three or two or one bit (depending on the data transfer rate and the type of modulation, for example 2-PSK, 4-PSK or 8-PSK, respectively) into phase values of the subcarrier signal of the selected frequency;

- scrambling data to align the spectrum of the transmitted signal;

- the formation of a key synchronization sequence and preamble containing a known sequence for training an adaptive demodulator, and information about the data transfer rate and the depth of interleaving;

- the formation of short training sequences that are inserted into the stream of transmitted user data to implement adaptive methods for receiving messages;

- the formation of a given shape of the envelope of each symbol to provide a given spectral mask of the emitted signal;

- formation of a DKMV signal, for example, with an upper sideband with a suppressed carrier with a radiation class of 2K80J2DEN.

The signal formed, for example, of multi-position phase shift keying (M-PSK, M = 2, 4, or 8) generated from the output of the physical layer module 15 with the required phase specified by the corresponding node 19 is supplied to the inputs n of the RPM 16, where it is amplified to the required power level, then on n wide-band antennas 17 and on the DKMV radio channel 31 is transmitted to the ground-based complex 1, where software 3 is registered. If there is interference, the following procedures are carried out:

- the direction to the interference source is determined by scanning the space using the control signals of the on-board computer, nodes 19, 16 and 17 in time intervals when there is no data exchange;

- coordinates and parameters of the interference source motion are determined using methods known in radar [4] and the corresponding messages are transmitted to the NK (through it and the ground data network to other NK and moving objects);

- if the situation allows, then the nodes 15 are transferred to another standby operating frequency or the pseudorandom operating frequency generation mode is activated;

- at the same time using the control signals of the on-board computer 5, the shape of the antenna array radiation pattern is adjusted to ensure minimum gain in the direction of the interference source;

- to increase the reliability of data transmission using nodes 5, 11, 16, 17 and 19, a beam of narrowly directed (needle) shape is formed in the direction of the subscriber with whom a communication session is being conducted or is to be held.

At NK 1 DKMV, the signal from the DKMV antenna 21 is fed to a ground-based radio station 22 of the DKMV band, operating, for example, in simplex mode in accordance with the specified TDMA protocol. From the output of the radio station 22, the message is sent to the input of the data transmission apparatus 23, where it is demodulated, descrambled, deinterleaved, decoded with direct error correction, and checked for errors not corrected by the decoder. In the absence of errors, the message is packaged in a packet, for example, in accordance with ISO 8208 and issued to the input of the computer AWP 24, where it is packaged in a packet intended for transmission, for example, according to the X.25 protocol over a land data network for information consumers.

When a packet is transmitted using the X.25 protocol over a terrestrial data transmission network in the opposite direction (from an information consumer) through a data transmission system 1 to software 3, it is first processed in the APM 24 computer of the ground complex 1, where a packet is formed from it, for example, according to ISO 8208, necessary for transmission in the Air-to-Earth data line. From the output of the AWP computer 24, the message is transmitted to the data transmission equipment 23, where it is packed into a data link packet containing verification sequences calculated using a redundant cyclic code (CRC), and encoding, data interleaving, modulation, data scrambling, and key synchronization are performed sequences and preambles containing a known sequence for training the adaptive demodulator, and information about the data transfer rate and the depth of interleaving, as well as Table of short training sequences, which are inserted in the transmitted user data flow for implementing adaptive methods receiving the message, forming a predetermined envelope shape of each character type raised cosine for a given spectral mask the emitted signal.

The signal generated in the ADF 23 is fed to the input of the DKMV radio station 22, where it is used to generate the DKMV radio signal, amplified to the required power level, then through the DKMV antenna 21 is transmitted via the DKMV radio channel 31 to PO 3.

On PO 3 DKMV, the radio signal through SD A 17 is fed to the RPM RPM 16. Then, through the phase shifter 19, the message is sent to the corresponding input of the MFP 15, where it is demodulated, descrambled, deinterleaved, decoded with direct error correction and output to MKU 14, where it is checked for the presence of errors not corrected by the decoder and, in the absence of errors, be packaged, for example, in an ISO 8208 package and output to input MM 13 for conversion into a package intended for transmission via MI 12 to on-board users (blocks 5, 8, 9 or to bus 18) .

In the process of exchanging packet data in the MB band with terrestrial users on each software 3, a packet message is generated in the on-board end system (18, 5). A message containing the recipient address and the sender address (software address 3) is transmitted from the on-board computer 5 through the interface module 12 to the router module 13, where it is packaged, for example, in an ISO 8208 packet of a network (packet) level. Then the message is transmitted to the channel layer module 14, where it is packaged in a channel layer packet containing verification sequences calculated using a redundant cyclic code (CRC), and passed to the physical layer module 15, where known operations are performed:

- data coding, for example, a Reed-Solomon code for direct error correction;

- interleaving data to combat packetization errors due to fading and impulse noise;

- converting a sequence of, for example, three data bits into a phase value of a signal symbol, relative phase encoding of neighboring symbols to implement relative 8-position phase shift keying (D8PSK);

- scrambling data to align the spectrum of the transmitted signal;

- the formation of a key synchronization sequence and preamble containing a known sequence for training an adaptive demodulator;

- the formation of a given shape of the envelope of each symbol, for example, such as a raised cosine with α = 0.6 to provide a given spectral mask of the emitted signal;

- formation of an MB signal, for example, with a radiation class of 14KOG1DE - with a band occupied by a 14 kHz signal, phase modulation (G) of a carrier of one digital channel without a subcarrier, data transmission (D) and multi-condition coding (E).

Formed radio signal, for example, 8-position relative phase shift keying (D8PSK) from the output of module 15 through n phase shifters 19 is fed to the inputs of n wide-band radio frequency transceiver modules 16, where it is amplified to the required power level and through n wide-band antennas 17 and MB radio channel 30 is transmitted to the ground-based complex 1, which registered REF.

On each NK 1 MB, the radio signal from the MB antenna 29 is fed to a terrestrial radio station of the 20 MB range, then the message is sent to the input of the data transmission apparatus 23, where it is demodulated, descrambled, deinterleaved, decoded with direct error correction, and checked for errors not corrected by the decoder. In the absence of errors, an ISO 8208 packet is formed from it, for example, and issued to the input of a 24 AWP calculator, where it is packed into a packet designed for transmission over a land data network to consumers, for example, using the X.25 protocol.

When transferring the packet in the opposite direction (from consumers to software 3), the message at the input / output 2 of the NK 1 is transmitted to the computer 24 AWP NK 1, where the packet is formed, for example, in accordance with ISO 8208, which is transmitted to the data transmission apparatus 23, where it is packaged in a data link packet containing verification sequences calculated using a redundant cyclic code (CRC), and the standard procedures described in MFP 15 are carried out.

Formed, for example, the signal of 8-position relative phase shift keying (D8PSK) from the ADF output 23 is fed to the input of the radio station 20, where it is amplified to the required power level and transmitted through the antenna 29 through the radio channel in the direction to the selected subscriber using the generated nodes 5, 11, 16, 17 and 19 radiation patterns.

On 3 MB software, the signal from the SD A 17 is fed to the RPPM 16 SD, from which the message is sent through the phase shifter 19 to the input of the MFP 15, where it is demodulated, descrambled, deinterleaved, decoded with direct error correction, and then output to the MCU 14, where it is checked for errors not fixed by the decoder. In the absence of errors, the message is packaged in a packet, for example, in accordance with ISO 8208 and issued to the input MM 13, where it is formed for transmission via MI 12 to on-board users (blocks 5, 8, 9 or to bus 18).

The system develops a communication system table containing the coordinates of NK 1, their addresses, the data transfer modes that they support in the MB and DKMV bands, the allowed communication frequencies for different modes of data exchange in the MB and DKMV bands, a time schedule for the emission of marker signals at each frequency and Bring to each NK 1 and PO 3 (during pre-flight preparation) via a ground data network.

The communication frequencies of the MB range specified in the frequency support list are active. At each NK 1, at the active communication frequency, marker signals are emitted at a given interval, according to the protocol of the data line. Information about the version of the system table (database version), the active frequencies of two neighboring NK 1, the slot assignment for the new frame, the receipt for all messages from software 3 received in the previous frame, the channel busy flag are entered into the DKMV marker signals. The first slot is assigned to the radiation of the marker with NK 1.

At software 3, they begin to analyze the signals of markers MB and DKMV ranges, being parked in the airport zone after turning on the power and automatic automatic control of technical health. Regardless of the functioning of the communication channel of the MB band, the software 3 constantly maintains the communication channel of the DKMV band with that NK 1, the channel quality with which is the best or acceptable.

During the flight, each software 3 provides automatic selection of the operating frequency from the list of allowed frequencies, registration on the NK 1 on the selected channel, random and redundant access to the communication channel in multiple access mode with time division, data exchange with geographically separated ground-based complexes 1, combined using a terrestrial data network in a single system.

In the radio communication system, navigation and other data are exchanged over the MB range radio link between the ground complex 1 and mobile objects 3 located within the radio horizon of the NK 1. The messages received by the ground radio station 22 from the Air-to-Earth channel through the data transmission apparatus 23 are sent to the ground computer 24 workstation, which can be performed on the basis of a serial PC. In it, in accordance with the exchange protocol adopted in the system, identification (comparison) of the software address 3 received in the message with the addresses of the moving objects stored in the memory of the computer 24 of the workstation is carried out. If the address of the moving object 3 coincides with the address stored in the list, information about the location, motion parameters of the software 3 and the state of its sensors are stored in the computer 24 arm. Upon request with software 3 with NK 1, information about the location, motion parameters of the movable object 3 selected for communication can be transmitted to it. In the absence of data exchange using the control signals of the on-board computer 5 and nodes 16, 17 and 19, scanning is provided in the operating frequency range beams of the radiation pattern of the antenna array, created from nodes 17, to determine the direction of the sources of signals and interference. If interference is detected using the control signals of the on-board computer 5 and nodes 16, 17 and 19, a minimum of the antenna array gain is automatically generated in this direction. In simplex communication mode at node 16, the receiving device is blocked for the duration of transmission, and in duplex communication, the system operates at different frequencies. In the ground-based computer 24 AWP solve the problem of ensuring a constant stable radio communication with all N 3 software, and based on the information about the exact location of all software 3 and the parameters of their movement carry out the operation of storing messages in the ground-based computer 24 AWP and the necessary data are displayed on the monitor screen 27 AWP NK 1 in a form convenient for perception by an operator (dispatcher).

When leaving at least one of PO 3 beyond the radio horizon NK 1 or approaching the boundary of a stable radio communication zone, the ground complex 1 determines software one of PO 3, which it appoints as the first relay of messages. With a constant range change between PO 3 and NK 1, for a certain time, any of N N 3, whose location is known and optimal with respect to NK 1 and all other software 3, can be assigned as a relay for a certain time. By analyzing the location and motion parameters of the remaining software 3 determine the optimal paths for message delivery to the mobile object 3 remote from the NK 1 beyond the radio horizon — the receiver of the message using a narrow antenna array pattern. A message from NK 1 through a sequential chain, which if necessary consists of several (from 1 to (N-1)) software 3, can be delivered to the desired software 3 - the recipient. To do this, on NK 1 in the shaper 26 of the type of relayed messages, in the predetermined bits of the transmitted codogram, the address of the software 3 assigned by the first relay is laid, if necessary, the addresses of other mobile objects 3 - relay devices that provide the specified message traffic, and the address of the software 3 - recipient. Messages received and processed on software 3 in devices 17, 16, 19, 15, 14, 13, 12 are transmitted to message type analysis unit 9. If the message is intended for this software 3, then after analysis, the question is solved about sending data via a bi-directional bus 18 to the control system of software 3 or about transmitting a message in relay mode to neighboring software 3 by forming an appropriate radiation pattern in space. To avoid collisions, the number of bits in the transmitted message is minimized and data is relayed sequentially in time.

For each software 3, the motion paths of neighboring software 3, if necessary, are displayed on the on-board unit 8 of data recording, and on the monitor screen 27 AWP, the trajectories of all software 3 in the area of NK 1 using the marks marking the previous location of software 3 generated by calculators 5 and 24 As software 3 moves, obsolete marks are erased. During the preflight preparation of each moving object 3, using the interface 18, the necessary data is loaded into the memory of the on-board computer 5 in the form of a system table containing lists of addresses, coordinates of ground complexes and the communication frequencies assigned to them. In NK 1, system tables are loaded using the input / output 2 of NK 1 for a terrestrial data network.

The information received by the software 3 is displayed on the screen of the data recording unit 8 in the form of alphanumeric characters or in the form of dots and vectors. Messages in accordance with the exchange protocol queue the corresponding category of urgency. In computers 5 and 24, the time of “aging” of information is determined, and if the message has not been transmitted to the communication channel for a period of time equal to the time of “aging”, then it is “erased” and a request is sent to send a new message.

In order to minimize the likelihood of random access collisions and not interfere with the current message transmission, apply procedures, for example, as in the VDL-2 mode, namely, implement the Carrier Listening Multiple Access Protocol (CSMA). To do this, in the ADF 23, the calculator 24 NK 1 and the modules 15 of the physical level and 14 channel level software 3 before transmitting each message, the channel is monitored (control of carrier occupancy) to detect the preamble, header or useful part of the messages. A prepared message with software 3 is transmitted only if the radio channel is free. In order to spread in time the contact times of different mobile objects 3 and NK 1, when after the channel was busy all the correspondents found that the radio channel is free, pseudo-random message transmission delays from the mobile ones are generated in the calculator 24 NK 1 and in the module 14 of the channel level software 3 objects 3 (for each software 3 own) and from NK 1. On each of software 3, the end time of the carrier frequency signal in the radio channel and synchronization pulses are used to initiate the calculation in module 14 of the channel level of the self-transmission time interval and inside this interval with a module 15 of the physical layer, nodes 19, 16 and 17 ON 3 transmit their own data packet.

Part of the frame slots is reserved for random access. If a packet with software 3 is transmitted in a random access slot and a positive receipt for this transmission is not found in the next frame marker, then they decide that a random access collision has occurred and initiate a collision avoidance algorithm on software 3, in which a pseudo-random delay of repeated packet transmission from the board, expressed in slots. This reduces the likelihood of re-collision.

Messages about the location of software 3 and its motion parameters from the outputs of the receivers 7 and 25 of the signals of navigation satellite systems, for example GLONASS / GPS, are recorded in the memory of computers 5 and 24 with reference to global time [3, 5, 6]. The exact synchronization of the slots used for data exchange between subscribers of the system, and their planned use for transmission is known to each user in relation to surrounding users with known coordinates. The control of the channel access protocol on each movable object 3 is carried out in the channel level module 14, and on the NK 1 - in the data transmission apparatus 23 and the AWP 24 computer.

The communication time of each software 3 can be reduced if the transmission of special messages from NK 1 containing information about free access slots in its service area is provided. Since NK 1 constantly monitors the channel, it has complete information about the dynamics of the channel access protocol. The assignment of slots for software 3 by ground complex 1 will completely avoid random access collisions, as well as reduce the time and computational costs of software 3 for choosing channel access slots. If NK 1 reserves several slots at the beginning of each frame for transmitting information about free slots to software 3, then for a given monitoring interval for software 3, NK 1 can serve a larger number of moving objects without mutual interference.

In calculators 5 and 24, the location data of software 3 is used to calculate the navigation characteristics and motion parameters of software 3 selected for communication. Depending on the specified time interval for sending messages about location of software 3 to NC 1 in calculator 5, a corresponding message is generated with reference to global time measurements of coordinates of software 3. This time is used in the computer 24 NK 1 for the well-known operation of constructing extrapolation marks from software 3 [4]. Thanks to the ground-based data network with inputs / outputs 4, which combines all M NK 1, information from remote over long distances (up to 4-6 thousand km or more) software 3 equipped with devices 14, 15, 16, 17 and 19 With the DKMV radio link control function, even in difficult interference conditions it is brought to all NK 1 radio communication systems, although the remote software 3 keeps in touch with only one NK 1, the quality of which markers is the best for software 3 at the given time.

In modules 14 and 15 of software 3 and on-board calculator 5 (through modules 13, 12 of communication computing module 11) software 3 automatically receives the received marker signals from all ground complexes 1 at all frequencies and selects the best frequency, for example, by the criterion of the maximum measured by the demodulator at receiving the entire signal-to-noise ratio packet. Using the signal-to-noise ratio measured at the selected frequency in the module 15, the maximum allowable data rate, as well as the type of modulation and coding, are selected in the module 14 of the computing module 11 of the communication software 3. The signal-to-noise ratio is estimated by all NK 1 and software 3 of the system every time when receiving any message packet. The value of the selected maximum allowable data rate is reported to the opposite side in the form of the recommended data rate. In the ground equipment 23 for transmitting data when operating on the DKMV radio station 22 and in the on-board modules 15, 14 of the software 3, known algorithms of high-speed adaptive modems designed for operation in multipath channels can be used, for example, a demodulation algorithm using an equalizer with crucial feedback, Viterbi’s suboptimal reception algorithm as a whole with element-wise decision making under multipath conditions, a maximum likelihood algorithm with identification of the current channel parameters (pulse Channel line providers) based on stochastic approximation methods, and others. All noise immunity reception algorithms used must satisfy the requirements specified, for example, in ARINC 635.

Thus, each of software 3 can communicate at several operating frequencies, known to all participants in the movement. The lists of allocated frequencies change depending on the time of the year, and the operating frequency for each NK 1 from the list of allocated frequencies is activated for every hour or two hours of the time of day. When moving, software 3 gets in touch, choosing that NK 1 for communication, the conditions for the propagation of radio waves for communication with which at a given time are optimal. Moreover, it is not necessary that the selected NK 1 be the closest. The communication channel constructed in this way between PO 3 and the terrestrial consumer (source) of information, as a rule, will include an on-board data transmission network and a terrestrial data transmission network connected by radio links. As soon as the quality of the communication channel 31 degrades below an acceptable level, on board using nodes 5, 14 and 15 of software 3 select a new optimal operating frequency based on an analysis of the propagation conditions of the radio waves and a new one corresponding to it NK 1. Thus, they provide a high (of the order of 0.999 ) reliability of communication during data exchange with software 3 located from NK 1 at distances from several hundred to 4-6 thousand kilometers.

The system is synchronized on the basis of the use by all participants of the movement of a single global universal coordinated time (UTC) received from existing objects of the global navigation satellite system using receivers 7 and 25.

For the interaction of ground-based complexes 1, end users and software 3, a ground-based data network with inputs / outputs 4 for NK 1 is used. It can be implemented by known methods, for example, when the NK 1 is internetworked through packet switching centers in accordance with the X.25 protocol [5]. Connections between NK 1 and X.25 packet switching centers (routers) can be provided through specially allocated or leased communication channels. They will allow broadcasting a message addressed by a ground user to a specific software 3 to that ground complex 1, on which this software 3 is “registered” and where at the given time optimal conditions for DKMV reception are provided. The radio communication system with software 3 operates in automatic mode without operator intervention at the selected frequencies from the list of frequencies assigned during communication planning. When transmitting data over a DCMV line, each frequency channel is used, for example, using a time division multiple access protocol. The access time to the frequency channel is divided into frames, each of which in turn is divided into intervals (slots). Short message packets with a duration shorter than the slot duration are used. Transmission NK 1 broadcast marker at each active frequency has its offset relative to the beginning of the leading frame, indicated in the system table.

The main advantage of using the device 19 introduced into the software 3, together with the devices 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 5, based on the principles of integrated modular avionics, presented, for example, in [7, 8, 9] and the “radio preset” method program ”, consists in the highest level of configurability and flexibility of protection against interference provided by the architecture. The highest level of configurability implemented in the proposed software 3 equipment is fully flexible types of modulation, line level protocols, networks, algorithms for determining the direction to the interference source and control antenna radiation patterns and user functions, the ability to change the type of modulation, signal bandwidth and center frequency according to the program within wide limits [7]. Thanks to the claimed system, it becomes possible to create (using the on-board computer 5 and the corresponding modules 15, 14 with a wide-range radio-frequency transceiver module 16) a wide-range programmable adaptive communication complex of a new type, working in conjunction with wide-band antennas 17 that form the antenna array both in MB and and in DKMV ranges. Module 15 of the physical layer of software 3 contains high-speed ADCs and DACs with a large dynamic range and is based on high-performance signal processors that digitally implement most of the functions of the physical layer, for example, the operations of frequency conversion, filtering, frequency synthesis, and receiving radio signals. It is intended for the generation and processing of radio signals at the physical level (encoding / decoding, interleaving / deinterleaving, scrambling / descrambling data, modulation / demodulation, implementing adaptive methods for transmitting and receiving signals, bandpass filtering, frequency conversion, etc.). The channel-level module 14 provides protocols for selecting communication frequencies, composing a communication line, exchanging line-level data and accessing the Air-to-Earth subnet, exchanging with software routing module 13, providing fail-safe operation, and other procedures. Routing module 13 provides the distribution of Air-to-Earth messages received on MB and DKMV channels, for example, in the form of ISO 8208 packets, to end users on board and in the opposite direction. The interface module 12 provides all the necessary interfaces with the on-board equipment, for example, via the ARINC 429, ARINC 664, ARINC 646 protocols and others.

When working in an interference environment using phase shifters 19 controlled by on-board computer 5, several separate beams of a narrow (needle) shape are formed and several frequencies are used simultaneously in each beam in the direction of subscribers: the corresponding NK 1 or a moving object with which to conduct a communication session. Further, depending on the location of the subscriber (a ground-based complex with known coordinates or received information about the location and parameters of the corresponding software 3 via the Earth-Air or Air-Air radio channels) 3, this beam due to the supply of control signals from the on-board computer 5 to various parts antenna array formed by wide-range on-board antennas 17 spaced across the surface of the moving object 3 n is directed towards the subscriber. The number n is selected taking into account the formation of the desired shape of the radiation pattern in a given sector or with the possibility of transferring rays round-robin. Thanks to this, new capabilities of the radio communication system appear and several advantages are achieved at once:

1. It becomes possible to use several frequencies simultaneously in each beam, which greatly increases the productivity of computing tools of software 3 as a message source, and increases the data transfer rate.

2. Significantly reduced radiated power from a moving object. This is due to the fact that by increasing the gain of the antenna array in the direction of the selected subscriber, much less energy is required for the formation and emission of radio signals in one beam, since a conventional omnidirectional antenna radiates energy in a wide sector.

3. The quality characteristics of the QoS services provided by the system are improved, since the antenna array created using the control signals of the on-board computer 5 and nodes 16, 17 and 19 can adapt to each specific situation, protect itself from interference, and transmit data individually to the corresponding individual subscriber. Thus, wherever the subscriber is located, a signal with sufficient power will be transmitted in his direction to provide the necessary level of reliability.

4. Improves the hardware reliability of on-board equipment by reducing the power of the transmitting devices of the node 16 compared with similar nodes of the prototype to obtain the same level of reliability of the received information, automatic backup and reconfiguration of the nodes 16, 17 and 19.

5. The communication range, the efficiency of the use of the frequency spectrum due to the formation of several separate beams of a narrow (needle) shape and the use of several frequencies simultaneously in each beam, are increased.

The nodes, channels and buses 1-18, 20-32 are the same as the prototype. ШД А 17 and modules 16, 19, 15, 14 together with the on-board computer 5 integrate the functions of adaptive MB and DKMV radio stations, data transmission equipment (codec, modem) with software implementation of the equipment operating modes (types of modulation, coding) with the possibility of introducing new operating modes of the modules programmatically, via the bus 18, the on-board computer 5 and the corresponding series-connected modules 12 and 13 included in the communication computing module 11. Computing communication module 11, which is part of software 3 (can be performed, for example, on the ADSP-21060 chip), provides functional interaction with on-board devices 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 15 and event sensors 6.

The channel level module 14 is designed to control the selection of frequency channels, the establishment of communication lines and registration on NK 1 for packaging, unpacking messages, controlling access to the channel, additional encoding / decoding, for example, an excessive cyclic CRC code for detecting errors that are not corrected at the physical level, automatic repeat request, cryptographic protection at the channel level, control of fault isolation and restoration of performance due to reconfiguration of the onboard part of the system, etc. It is implemented, for example, on a processor board 5066-586-133MHz-1 MB, 2 MB Flash CPU Card from Octagon Systems.

The router module 13 interacts with the channel level module 14 at the subnet access level, for example, according to the ISO 8208 protocol (in the ATN environment) in accordance with the specified data transfer modes and can be implemented on a universal computer such as a processor board 5066-586-133MHz-1 MB, 2 MB Flash CPU Card from Octagon Systems.

The interface module 12 provides the interaction of the communication computing module 11 with the avionics (devices 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) at different joints, for example, a discrete signal in accordance with ARINC 429, ARINC 664, ARINC 646, a one-time command and through an on-board computer 5, a bi-directional bus 18 with a moving object control system 3. It can be performed, for example, on an AFDX switch [10].

The physical layer module 15 provides parallel real-time processing of the signals of all n wide-range radio frequency transceiver modules 16, which are necessary together with the nodes 19 and 17 for the organization of data transmission links in the DKMV and MB bands. Moreover, in the event of a malfunction of one of the modules 16, the phases transmitted (and received) from the radio signal nodes 17 to restore the previous radiation pattern using the phase shifters 19 are corrected using phase shifters 19. In this case, all the functions of reconfiguration, processing and signal generation of the corresponding radio communication channel, data processing and information closure (if necessary) will be performed by software. The interaction of existing and new software modules in the prototype will be carried out according to predefined interaction rules (interaction protocols and procedures, input and output data), which will provide for their prompt change (replacement of program code) if necessary during the flight. This provides the ability to generate and process any signal and data, information closure, an interface with external equipment according to various algorithms and standards, even when software 3 is located on the borders of two zones of responsibility of automated air traffic control systems, in which for data exchange between NK 1 and 3, various data link modes are used, for example, VDL-2 and VDL-4. Thus, at the level of communication channels (physical, channel levels, including cryptographic protection of the channel, network access), the module 16 connected to the on-board motor A 17, together with the corresponding phase shifter 19, the physical layer module 15 and the channel layer module 14 provide compatibility with various types of air-to-Earth data lines. In addition, the module 15 sets the transmission frequency, bandwidth, etc. Module 15 is based on high-speed signal processors, which includes:

- Interfaces and gateways (input-output and data conversion) based on, for example, a matrix of gateways programmed with FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) no PCI technology (VME);

- signal processors, for example, type ADSP-21060 (company Analog Devices), programmable logic integrated circuits EPF10K50 (company Altera), AVR ATmega16 controllers (company Atmel) for monitoring and controlling the processing process (for codec modems, filters);

- a universal computing processor, for example, type CPC 10502, which implements the air-to-Earth data exchange protocols, fault detection and isolation procedures, and module reconfiguration 15.

The input node 19 can be performed on serial phase shifters MB and DKMV ranges.

The antenna array can be performed, for example, on a combination of half-wave vibrators MB and DKMV ranges spaced on the surface of a moving object in such a way as to provide a given communication sector. For example, for any location of subscribers in space, nodes 17 should be located along the perimeter of the surface of a moving object with the necessary number of lines to form a radiation pattern in the elevation plane.

The advantages of the proposed system are obvious:

- increases the service life - the life cycle of equipment in the context of continuous improvement of air-to-Earth data exchange protocols;

- the number and nomenclature of spare property and accessories is reduced due to the use of similar units in on-board equipment;

- eliminates the loss of power of radio signals in the antenna-feeder path due to the direct placement of the modules 16 on a wide-band antenna 17;

- the operation process is simplified - the functions of the faulty module in flight are replaced by software;

- the cost of equipment modernization is reduced, which is carried out only due to software correction.

At the time of application submission, functioning algorithms and software fragments of the claimed radio communication system were developed.

Literature

1. RF patent No. 44907 U1, cl. HBB 7/00, 2005.

2. RF patent №52290 U1, cl. HB04 7/26.

3. RF patent No. 68211 U1, cl. HB04 7/26 (prototype).

4. D.S. Kontorov, Yu.S. Golubev-Novozhilov. Introduction to radar systems engineering. - M .: Owls. Radio, 1971, 367 pp.

5. B.I. Kuzmin “Digital Telecommunication Networks and Systems”, part 1 “Concept” of ICAO CNS / ATM, Moscow, St. Petersburg: NIIER OJSC, 1999, 206 pp.

6. GPS - a global positioning system. - M .: PRIN, 1994, 76 p.

7. RTCA / DO-297. Guidance on the development of IMA and consideration of its certification, 2005.

8. ARINC 651. Guidance on the development of integrated modular avionics. 1991.

9. ARINC 653-1. Standard avionics application software interfaces. 2003.

10. ARINC 664. On-board data network. In 7 parts. 2005.

Claims (1)

A radio communication system with moving objects, consisting of M geographically spaced ground-based communication complexes and N mobile objects interconnected by air-to-Air communication channels of the MB band, and air-to-Earth radio communication channels of MB and DKMV bands with M ground-based complexes, which are interconnected and with external subscribers via a land data network, each mobile object contains n onboard wide-band antennas connected directly to n on-board wide-band radio frequency transceivers with the modules, the physical layer module is connected by two-way communications through the channel layer module connected in series, the router module and the interface module are connected to the on-board computer having a bi-directional interface of the onboard moving object control system, the inputs of the interface module are connected to the on-board sensors, the signal receiver of the navigation satellite system, output the interface module is connected to the data recording unit, the second input / output of the interface module is connected to the on-board analyzer type received messages, the third input / output - to the on-board shaper of the type of relayed messages, and each ground-based complex contains terrestrial antennas MB and DKMV bands associated respectively with terrestrial radio stations MB and DKMV bands connected by two-way communications via ground-based data transmission equipment to the first input / output computer workstation (AWS), the second input / output of which is connected to the input / output of the NK for the land data network, the third input / output - to the shaper type retr messages being sent, the fourth and fifth inputs / outputs - to the second inputs / outputs of terrestrial MB and DKMV radio stations, respectively, the first input of the workstation calculator is connected to the ground-based receiver of signals from navigation satellite systems, the second input is to the workstation control panel, and the output is to the workstation monitor , characterized in that on each software n phase shifters are introduced, connected by two-way communications both to the corresponding inputs / outputs of n onboard wide-range radio-frequency transceiver modules, and to n inputs / outputs of the module phe- level, control inputs / outputs n phase shifters are connected to the respective talkback n inputs / outputs board calculator.

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