RU65522U1 - DEVICE FOR THERMAL INSULATION OF EXTERIOR WALLS OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for thermal insulation of the outer walls of multi-storey buildings The invention relates to the field of construction, and more particularly to the construction of buildings with transverse load-bearing walls and self-supporting enclosing structures. At the intersection of the longitudinal walls 1, which act as the enclosure of the operated premises, and the transverse walls 4, vertical channels 18, (Figs. 1, 10), in which elements 19 are made of highly effective heat-insulating materials, are installed on the reinforced concrete wall elements 17. Longitudinal insulation 3 (cladding) is installed on two reinforced concrete beams 20, between which an effective insulation 21 is located (FIGS. 4, 6, 7 and 9). In the balcony and window openings in the insulation 3 (lining) are installed plastic tubes 13 and 14 (figure 1). 2 hung, f-s, 11 ill.

Description

The device relates to multi-storey construction, namely to the construction of buildings with transverse walls and self-supporting enclosing structures. More specifically, the invention relates to thermal insulation of longitudinal self-supporting walls of residential and public buildings.

Despite the thousands of years of experience in the construction of residential premises, at the modern level of buildings, wall compositions of exterior fences made of building materials of mineral origin is a tangle of contradictions, which does not simultaneously fulfill all the requirements of comfort. A classic example of such a contradiction is the problem of steam: to maintain steam and humidity comfort, steam released by a person must be removed from the room, but it must not be allowed into the wall, which leads to its moistening (and in winter to freezing), which worsens the thermal comfort of the rooms and leads to premature destruction of the wall material, (see the article by B.V. Gusev et al. “On the ideal comfort of the home” in the journal “Building Materials, Equipment, Technologies of the 21st Century” No. 1, 1999, pp. 24-25). Known enclosing structures consisting of external brickwork and aerated concrete blocks laid on the floor (see US Pat. RF No. 2148129, class E 04 B 2/02, 1998)

Wall constructions are also known (St. Petersburg for utility model No. 24481 and No. 24482, class E 04 B 2/02, 2001)

Of the known structures, the closest analogue to the present invention is a device for thermal insulation of external walls, including a heat-insulating layer in the form of an air gap formed by the inner surface of the external wall, the cladding and communicating with the room through an air-permeable section of the cladding located under the ceiling (see US Pat. RF No. 2072409, CL 6 E 04 1/76, 1993)

The main disadvantage of the closest analogue is that, at the intersection of the transverse load-bearing walls with the longitudinal ones, so-called “cold bridges” are formed that impair indoor comfort. In addition, this adversely affects the strength of the building frame itself, since the strength of the lining relative to the strength of the frame itself is small.

The objective of the invention is to increase the comfort of the premises of buildings, without compromising the strength of the building as a whole.

To obtain the specified technical result in a known device, including a heat-insulating layer in the form of an air gap formed by the inner surface of the outer wall, the cladding and communicating with the room through the breathable section of the cladding, at the intersection of the transverse walls with the longitudinal

made wall elements in the form of protrusions to the outside of the building, having vertical channels to the entire height of the building, filled with effective heat-insulating material. This design allows you to significantly insulate places (nodes) of the intersection and at the same time strengthen them.

In addition, in the known device, the longitudinal load-bearing elements of the building frame are also thermally insulated by placing a longitudinal heat-insulating layer between them, over the entire length, from a highly efficient (in terms of heat) material.

Further, the technical result is achieved by the fact that vertical plastic tubes are installed in the heat-insulating element. The latter can improve the process of erection of thermal insulation and thereby improve the quality of the construction process, without reducing the requirements of thermal comfort.

The following is an example of the implementation of the claimed design in General Figure 1 shows a plan of a building to be insulated.

Figure 2 - section aa in figure 1

In Fig.3 - section bB in Fig.1

Figure 4 - section bb in figure 1

In Fig.5 is a section bb in Fig.1 with an embodiment of a heater 9 from small cellular blocks.

In Fig.6 is a section GG in Fig.1

Fig.7 is a section DD in Fig.1

On Fig - section EE in figure 1

In Fig.9 - section ZZ in Fig.1

Figure 10 - node "A" in figure 1

Figure 11 - node "B" in figure 1

The building consists of longitudinal walls 1, insulation 3 is installed inside the building with a gap 2, the transverse walls 4 are load-bearing, hollow plates 5 are supported on them. The transverse end wall 6 is supporting and the hollow plates are supported on it 7. To the end wall 6 with a gap 8 insulation is installed 9. In the end wall 6 there are ventilation ducts 10 that extend in the wall 6 to the entire height of the building and they are connected with a gap 8. The walls of the loggias 11 adjoin the longitudinal walls 1, on which the loggia plates 12 are installed. In the balcony openings in at polyethylene pipes 13 are installed in the heater, polyethylene pipes 14 are installed in the window openings in the insulation 3. L-shaped polyethylene pipes 15 are installed in the insulation 9 from the side of the end wall 6. The pipes 13, 14, 15 ensure that the upper part 16 of the insulation 3 and 9 are carefully filled with foam concrete. .

At the intersection of the longitudinal walls 1 and the transverse walls 4 on the reinforced concrete wall elements 17, channels 18 are arranged in which the elements 19 are made of effective heat-insulating materials that prevent the formation of cold bridges at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse walls.

The longitudinal insulation 3 is installed on two reinforced concrete beams 20, between which there is an effective insulation 21 and the beams 20 are interconnected by connecting elements 22.

Over the balcony and window openings, jumpers 23, 24 are installed.

The beams 20 are installed on the support pillows 25 using electric arc welding.

The supporting pillows 25 are located in the transverse bearing walls 4 and they are supported by longitudinal self-supporting walls 1 and are a connecting element between the longitudinal and transverse walls, thereby creating rigidity and stability of the entire building.

On the supporting beams 20, guide metal elements 26 are installed, which are installed from the lower and upper parts of the beams 20 and are attached to it by anchors 29. Along the perimeter of the balcony and window openings, longitudinal 27 and transverse 28 wooden blocks are fixed, which are attached to the brick wall using anchors 29 1. At the intersection of the longitudinal wall 1 and the transverse walls 4, 6, with the help of anchors 29, wooden blocks 30 are fixed. To the wooden blocks 27, 28, 30 and the guide profile 26 with the help of screws 31, sheet material 32 is attached to which Angled building elements 33 and fasteners 34 are fastened with self-tapping screws 31. Between the sheet material 32, the longitudinal wall 1, and the transverse walls 4, a through gap 2 is formed across the entire height of the building 2. Rack profiles 35 are installed between the guide metal profiles 26, which are connecting elements 36 with using self-tapping screws 37 are connected to the corner elements 33, thereby forming a formwork frame.

To the rack elements 35, with the help of screws 31, a sheet element 40 made of gypsum-fiber sheets is attached, insulation 3 is fed into the space between the walls 4, 6 of the sheet materials 32, 40.

The horizontal and vertical surfaces of window and balcony openings are closed with sheet materials 41, which are fastened with anchors 39.

As an additional option for warming the longitudinal wall 1, the insulation 3 can be made of small blocks 42 made of lightweight cellular blocks, which must have high accuracy of geometric dimensions with tolerances (+ -) 1.0 mm and they are laid on the wall with glue with a thickness of a seam of 2-3 mm (see figure 5).

Warming of the end walls 6 is as follows: between the ventilation channels 10 to the wall 6, with the help of anchors 29, wooden horizontal bars 43 are attached with a pitch of 400 mm, guide profiles 26 are attached to the lower and upper surfaces of the hollow plates 7 using anchors 44. The profile 26 is installed sheet material 32, which is attached to the wooden beam 43 using self-tapping screws 31. In the profile 26 located on the hollow plate 7, closer to the transverse end wall 6, a wooden block 45 is installed,

which tightly presses the sheet material 32 to the inner surface of the profile 26 and the position of the bar 45 is fixed by a self-tapping screw 31. Rack profiles 35 are installed between the guide profiles 26, which are fixed in the guide profiles 26 by self-tapping screws 31. Corner elements are fixed to the wooden blocks 43 by screws 31 through the sheet material 32 33. The strut profile 35 is connected using the connecting element 36, which is fixed to the elements 33, 35 with a self-tapping screw 38. A sheet is installed to the rack profiles 35 and the guide profiles 26 Second material 40 is made of gypsum and sheets via screws 31 is fastened to the profiles 26, 35, forming a formwork system for filling insulation 9.

In hollow plates 7 in the places of installation of the insulation 9, through holes are drilled through 46, into which plastic tubes 15 are installed, which serve to guarantee the filling of the upper part of the insulation 9 located under the hollow plate 7.

In the places of support of the hollow plates 7 on the transverse end wall 6 between the end part of the hollow plate 7 and the wall 6, an effective insulation 47 is installed, which eliminates the formation of a cold bridge in the wall 6 at the installation site of the hollow plate 7.

When installing the hollow plates 7 on the end transverse walls 6 in the places of passage of the vertical ventilation ducts 10, rectangular openings 48 are provided in the hollow plates 7, and a ventilation system is formed from the gap 8 between the wall 6, the insulation 9 and the vertical ventilation channel 10, which ensures normal operation end wall 6, while creating favorable, comfortable conditions for human habitation.

In an example implementation of the claimed invention, given in a more complete form, the technical solutions described in our previous applications for a method of thermal insulation, for inventions and a utility model of the same authors are described and should be considered in combination.

All design changes in the building design as a whole are aimed at improving the comfort of the premises in order to avoid excessive wetting of the building envelope, which leads to freezing (at high freezing temperatures) and a decrease in the strength of the building. The number of freezing plus thawing cycles is reduced. Despite a certain rise in price of construction, the gain in comfort is obvious.

Claims (3)

1. A device for thermal insulation of the outer walls of multi-storey buildings, including a heat-insulating layer in the form of an air gap formed by the inner surface of the outer wall, the cladding and communicating with the room through an air-permeable section of the cladding, characterized in that in the places of suppression of the longitudinal and transverse walls made wall elements in the form protrusions to the outside of the building, having vertical channels filled with effective heat-insulating material. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a longitudinal heat-insulating layer is installed between the building frame structures of the building connecting the longitudinal and transverse walls to the entire length of the building. 3. The device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that vertical plastic tubes are installed in the heat-insulating element.