HRP20110582A2 - Wall mounting structure for passive building, implementation and process of production - Google Patents

Abstract

Wall mounting structure for passive buildings includes construction of wall modules of high insulation properties for passive buildings, the process of its factory production for easy installation on site refers to the technical solution of load-bearing steel lattice structure defined height, width and thickness, using steel profiles of appropriate shapes, dimensions , and mutual positions and fastenings in accordance with all relevant requirements of the construction profession and regulations. 2.1) and vertical (2.2) clamps of wall segments, and on their lateral sides are attached the inner (1.3) and outer (1.4) low thermal conductivity gap holders on which the inner (6.2) and outer (6.3) panels in the form of panels of a certain thickness in which way the total thickness of the wall is defined. The formed steel structure in which all the necessary installations are installed and with the installed linings is invested in suitable presses and injected under a pressure of approx. 3 bar into the space bounded by the linings and the outer rim of the steel structure which forms the wall thickness. , whose expansion under pressure expels air from the entire interior of the structure, thus forming a compact mass that fills every pore inside, which not only eliminates any possibility of moisture condensation inside the wall, but also improves the statics of the steel structure by at least 30%. In this way, the factory has produced a completely compact wall of exact dimensions to complete readiness with the associated ceramics and parquets, in which all types of necessary installations are installed, with all openings, including openings for windows and doors, and achieved high insulating properties. it is achieved that the heat transfer coefficient U

Description

Technical field to which the invention relates

This invention - the construction of a wall module with high insulating properties for passive buildings, the process of its factory production with all the necessary installations installed using the appropriate technological process and simple assembly at the construction site - belongs to the technical areas marked with E04B 2/58, E04C 1/00, and E04C 2/00 according to the International Patent Classification.

Technical problem

There are constant efforts to achieve the lowest possible cost of construction per unit area of the building with the least possible consumption of materials and time, as well as the best possible characteristics of the building, which represents a traditional technical problem in the respective field of technology.

It is known that the price, quality and characteristics of the building are dominantly determined by the appropriate technical solution of the walls, the basis of which is their construction, which results in the process of making them to the highest possible degree of completion, as well as the possible ways of their rational execution at the construction site. It is therefore natural that the degree of success in solving the aforementioned technical problem is almost decisively determined by the success of the technical solution of the walls as well as the process of their manufacture and assembly during construction.

The technical problem that is solved by the subject invention consists in defining such a construction of the wall and the applied materials as well as the manufacturing and construction process that, while meeting all the requirements of the profession and regulations regarding the strength and statics of the walls as well as the entire building, high insulating properties of the wall necessary for construction of a passive building. It is desirable to also ensure the possibility of applying the appropriate technological procedure for the complete production of the finished wall in the factory until complete completion with the associated ceramics and parquets, in which all types of necessary installations are installed, with all openings made, including openings for the installation of windows and doors. By ensuring the possibility to erect the building in a very short period of time and with a very low expenditure of labor, the construction price per unit area of the building is significantly reduced.

In order to meet the passive house standard, confirmed by the "Blower - Door - Test", all external elements of the building, except for glazed surfaces, should be so well thermally insulated that the heat transfer coefficient U does not exceed 0.15 W/m2K, where the heat energy needs do not exceed 15 kWh/m².

The realization of a passive house presupposes a technical solution that achieves that the entire outer envelope of the building is made of high-quality thermal insulation with complete compactness, that is, an almost hermetically sealed envelope of the building. This, among other things, requires that the edges, corners, junctions and openings must be well resolved in order to achieve the consistent removal of all thermal bridges to prevent precious heat from escaping through joints, joints and various openings.

First of all, this places high demands on the technical solution of the walls of the building as components of the building with a dominant influence to achieve high insulating properties of individual parts but also of the entire building, in which way the quality of the applied materials comes to the fore, which, with adequate execution, creates assumptions that it is possible to achieve characteristics characteristic of a passive building.

It is desirable that the walls for the building are made of light load-bearing steel construction filled with a light highly insulating material, polyurethane (PIR) with flame retardant properties, and that the walls have adequate thickness and satisfactory dimensions of a rectangular shape with a height of one floor, which means greater than 2 m and suitable width.

State of the art

Throughout history, there have been constant efforts to achieve the lowest possible cost of construction per unit area of the building with the least possible consumption of materials and time, as well as the best possible characteristics of the building, primarily in terms of insulating properties, in order to minimize the consumption of heating materials per square meter of living space. , regardless of whether it is solid materials or gas, fuel oil or electrical energy.

The possible reduction in the price of the building directly depends on the construction of the wall itself, which determines the appropriate consumption of materials, but especially on the proportion of wall construction that is done in the factory compared to the remaining part that is carried out at the construction site.

In recent times, intensive efforts have been made to achieve such insulating properties of the building that the thermal energy needs do not exceed 15 kWh/m² per year, which is a key feature as a condition that characterizes a building with the name passive house. Studies and works on the realization of passive houses have been carried out for over two decades, and it is clear that the realization of a passive house places high demands on the quality of the applied building components. Thus, all external elements of the building, with the exception of glazed surfaces, should be so well thermally insulated that the heat transfer coefficient U is not higher than 0.15 W/m²K.

A passive house is a consistent development cycle of a low-energy house (NEK). A passive house uses up to 80% less energy compared to a low-energy house and up to 90% compared to conventional buildings.

In passive houses, uncontrolled exchange of outside and inside air must be prevented, which can be achieved by high thermal insulation and compactness of individual parts and the entire building.

This means that the external surfaces of the building must ensure complete sealing of the building's insulating envelope so that together they form a kind of windproof jacket. In addition, the connections of all structural elements and penetrations of installation lines must be carefully executed in order to achieve the required level of windproofness. Edges, corners, junctions and openings must be well planned in order to consistently avoid the appearance of thermal bridges.

Such high-quality constructions not only avoid the occurrence of drafts and thus the loss of energy, but due to the reduced entry of moisture into the constructions, the possibility of damage to the structural elements of the building is significantly reduced.

Therefore, designing and building a passive house for builders is a much more complex task than designing and building a traditional building of the same size and function.

As for the insulation of the passive house itself, its thickness should be at least 55 to 60 cm in combination with the installation of triple-glazed windows and doors that retain thermal energy well.

Whether the passive house standard is met is checked with the "Blower - Door - Test". All external elements of the building, with the exception of glazed surfaces, should be thermally insulated so well that the heat transfer coefficient U is not higher than 0.15 W/m²K.

In the state of the art related to the realization of buildings with high insulating properties, some construction methods are known in which lightweight wall elements are used.

In most cases, wall elements are made of expanded polystyrene. Examples of these processes and resulting structures are disclosed in US 5,353,562, US 4,823,534 and US 5,617,686.

EP 0 727 535 A1 presents a process for the construction of a partition wall, which includes the inclusion of a large number of columns and steel profiles, which ensure the position of the main surface material on both outer sides of the profile through a noise-insulating material and fix hard gypsum boards on the outer sides of the corresponding main surface materials , thereby creating a wall construction that has fire protection properties.

US 5,765,333 describes a jointed column and slab construction system, in which the column is placed on a floor system, a rigid foam board, consisting of one or more layers of rigid foam bonded together with an adhesive and shaped to fit the column, is placed next to the beam and connected with the beam and the floor, after which the next column is placed and connected to the same slab and so on. Mounting strips can be installed in the surface of the panels to enable the usual connection of plasterboards from the inside of the wall system or as a fastening element from the outside.

There are several versions of load-bearing walls that are mainly made at the passive house construction site, where the quality of the wall filling is both technically and technologically weakened.

There are also modules, US2010242394(A1) and WO2010111945 (A1), which have some similarities with the solution according to the subject invention, but are nevertheless fundamentally different.

The essence of the invention

The essence of the subject invention refers to a technical solution that solves the indicated technical problem in such a way that the purpose, dimensions and location of the terrain and the layout of the premises are provided for a specific building, by implementing appropriate budgets in a known manner and in accordance with all the main requirements of building regulations, such as compressive strength, resistance to earthquakes and wind and fire protection, is defined by the supporting steel structure of the wall with all associated components and with all the necessary installations and openings built in, with the fact that it is possible to implement both the technological process of the complete production of the walls in the factory and the simple assembly of these walls at the construction site with the characteristics and properties according to passive house criteria.

The steel structure defined in this way consists of profiles of certain shapes and dimensions, as a rule of C-profiles, horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2, C-profiles which are made of steel sheet of appropriate thickness and suitably connected in a known manner, between which, if necessary, for ensuring additional strength, in accordance with the calculations, except for horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2 C – profiles, additional steel elements for reinforcement 8.1 are installed.

Within the horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2 C-profiles, in accordance with the calculations carried out according to all relevant requirements of the construction industry and regulations, suitable wall clamps or its segments are attached for horizontal 2.1 and vertical 2.2 clamping of the walls or their segments to each other using clamps to achieve horizontal and vertical joints.

Constituent parts of the clamp for horizontal and vertical connections are the clamping screw, with the body 3.2 and the head 5.1, and the clamp cylinder 3.1 with the housing for fixing on the C-profile and the clamp nut 3.3 with the housing for fixing on the C-profile.

The clamping cylinder 3.1 with the housing as well as the clamping nut 3.3 with the housing are placed on the C-profile within the space defined by the inner surface 4.1 of the bottom of the C-profile with two inner side surfaces 4.2 of the C-profile in such a way that neither the clamping cylinder 3.1 nor the clamping nut 3.2 ever none of their parts go beyond the dimensions of the C-profile, but they are distant from the edge of the 3.4 C-profile by a certain distance D, regardless of whether it is a design for vertical or horizontal clamping.

The clamp cylinder 3.1 with the housing as well as the clamp nut 3.3 with the housing, placed on the C-profile in the manner described above, laid in the direction of the axis 4.3 of the C-profile, are located, as a rule, in a corner so that they lean against and are attached in a suitable manner to the inner surface 4.1 of the bottom of the C-profile and the associated inner side surface 4.2 of the C-profile, in which way better joint strength is achieved.

The steel construction of the wall or its segments formed in this way has a certain thickness of 2.4, which according to calculations is sufficient for the case of all the requirements set in relation to a certain building. At certain places of the horizontal 1.1 vertical 1.2 C-profiles, the necessary number of appropriately shaped internal 1.3 and external 1.4 distance holders are located and fixed.

The inner 1.3 and outer 1.4 spacers are made of a material that is a good thermal insulator, thus eliminating thermal bridges over them between the outer and inner surfaces of the wall.

The inner 8.2 and outer 8.3 lining are placed and fastened on the inner 1.3 and outer 1.4 spacers, in which way such a space is achieved between the inner 8.2 and the outer 8.3 lining that the total thickness 2.5 of the wall or its segments is achieved by injecting the insulation filling 8.4 into it. the size depends on the purpose of the building space and related requirements, and can be approximately 200-400 mm, most often around 300 mm.

On the inner 8.2 and outer 8.3 linings, corresponding holes are made, located so that they correspond to the location of the inner 1.3 and outer 1.4 spacer holders.

The structure of the steel structure of the wall or its segments made in the manner described above, complete with distance holders, tensioners and end linings, of certain external dimensions and surface area, for example 36 m2, is invested in a mold of the corresponding dimensions and the dimensions of a suitable injection press under a certain pressure, for example 3 bar, suitable insulating filling for which expanding polyurethane is most often used, which not only by its natural expansion but also under the action of pressure displaces air and hermetically fills every pore of the space bounded by the end plates and edge surfaces of the steel construction of the wall or its segments, formed by the associated profiles , as a rule horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2 C – profiles.

In this way, a completely compact structure of the wall is achieved, which ensures a high degree of insulation properties of the wall so that the heat transfer coefficient U is not higher than 0.15 W/m2K.

A module is the common name for a wall construction that is achieved by pressing in the manner described above, regardless of whether it is a complete wall or its segment. Modules, as a rule, have a rectangular shape, the usual total area of 36 m2, with dimensions of height and width: 3 x 12 m, which meets practically all requirements that appear in practice.

By making all the modules, i.e. all the wall elements in the factory, with all the windows, doors, pipes and/or other additional equipment installed in the production plant, it is possible to make completely even the entire building in advance, before it is transferred to the construction site, which is what the construction concept does very flexible, and further reduces construction costs.

The assembly of the wall modules completely made in the factory in the described manner, for the construction of the building at the construction site, is carried out by connecting them using clamps to create horizontal and vertical joints.

After the lower load-bearing module 10.1 of the wall is placed on the pre-prepared foundations, the floor-ceiling module 10.3 of the wall is placed, followed by the upper load-bearing module 10.2 of the wall, as well as the partition walls, upper 10.4 and lower 10.5.

Brief description of the drawing

Figure 1a Presentation of the basic structure of the steel structure

Position 1.1: Horizontal C – profile;

Position 1.2: Vertical C-profile;

Position 1.3: Internal spacer holder;

Position 1.4: Outer spacer holder;

Figure 1b Presentation of an example of a derived part of a segment of a steel structure

Figure 2a View of the steel structure with clamps

Position 2.1: Part of clamps for horizontal clamping of walls or their segments;

Position 2.2: Part of clamps for vertical clamping of walls or their segments;

Position 2.3: Penetrations for the installation of installation pipes and lines;

Position 2.4: Thickness of steel wall construction;

Position 2.5: Total thickness of the finished wall

Position 2.6: Penetrations for the passage of the body of the clamping screws;

Figure 2b Presentation of an example of a derived part of a steel structure with clamps

Figure 3. Display of the assembly of wall clamps or their segments

Position 3.1: Clamp cylinder with housing for fixing on C - profile;

Position 3.2: Clamping bolt body;

Position 3.3: Clamping nut with housing for fixing on C-profile;

Position 3.4: Edge C – profile;

Position L: Total length C – profile;

Position D: Distance of clamp, cylinder or nut for fixing, from the edge of C – profile;

Position W: Mutual axial distance between two C-profiles with wall clamps or theirs

segments;

Figure 4. Location of the wall clamps attached to the C-profile

Position 4.1: Inner surface of the bottom of the C-profile;

Position 4.2: Internal side surfaces of C-profile;

Position 4.3: Axial axis C – profile;

Figure 5. Display of the assembly of the clamping screw and the clamping cylinder with the housing for fixing on the C-profile

Position 5.1: Clamping screw head;

Figure 6. Display of the assembly of the clamping screw and the clamping nut with the housing for fixing on the C-profile

Figure 7. Showing examples of built-in clamps for vertical and horizontal clamping of walls or

their segments

Figure 8. Presentation of the basic components of the wall

Position 8.1: Steel construction elements, C – profiles and reinforcements;

Item 8.2: Inner lining;

Item 8.3: Outer cladding;

Position 8.4: Insulation filling;

Figure 9. View of the cross section of the wall

Position 9.1: Internal facade support;

Position 9.2: External facade support;

Figure 10. Example of connecting wall segments

Position 10.1: Lower bearing module of the wall;

Position 10.2: Upper bearing module of the wall;

Position 10.3: Floor-ceiling wall module;

Position 10.4: Upper partition wall;

Position 10.5: Lower partition wall;

Description of the method of realization of the invention

The invention in question is realized in such a way that for a certain building, the intended purpose, dimensions and location of the terrain and the layout of the rooms, the appropriate calculation is carried out in a known manner and in accordance with all the main requirements of building regulations, such as compressive strength, resistance to earthquakes and wind, and protection from fire, thus defining the supporting steel structure of the wall with all associated components and with all the necessary installations and openings installed, with the fact that it is possible to implement both the technological process of the complete production of the walls in the factory and the simple assembly of these walls at the place of construction with the characteristics and properties according to passive house criteria.

The steel structure defined in this way consists of profiles of certain shapes and dimensions, as a rule, C-profiles, horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2 C-profiles, which are made of sheet steel of the appropriate thickness and suitably connected in a known manner, between which, if necessary, for securing additional strength, in accordance with the calculations, except for horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2 C – profiles, additional steel elements for reinforcement 8.1 are also installed.

Within the horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2 C-profiles, in accordance with the calculations carried out according to all relevant requirements of the construction industry and regulations, suitable wall clamps or its segments are attached for horizontal 2.1 and vertical 2.2 clamping of the walls or their segments to each other using clamps to achieve horizontal and vertical joints.

The clamping cylinder 3.1 with the housing as well as the clamping nut 3.3 with the housing are placed on the C-profile within the space defined by the inner surface 4.1 of the bottom of the C-profile with two inner side surfaces 4.2 of the C-profile in such a way that neither the clamping cylinder 3.1 nor the clamping nut 3.2 ever none of their parts go beyond the dimensions of the C-profile, but they are distant from the edge of the 3.4 C-profile by distance D, regardless of whether it is a design for vertical or horizontal clamping.

The clamp cylinder 3.1 with the housing as well as the clamp nut 3.3 with the housing, placed on the C-profile in the manner described above, laid in the direction of the axis 4.3 of the C-profile, are located, as a rule, in a corner and are attached in a suitable way to the inner surface 4.1 bottom of the C-profile and the associated inner side surface 4.2 C-profile, how to achieve better strength of the joint.

The steel construction of the wall or its segments formed in this way has a certain thickness of 2.4, according to the calculations, sufficient for the case of a certain building. At certain places of the horizontal 1.1 vertical 1.2 C-profiles, the necessary number of appropriately shaped internal 1.3 and external 1.4 distance holders are located and fixed.

Internal 1.3 and external 1.4 distance holders are of this design and with the use of material that is a good thermal insulator, which removes thermal bridges over them between the external and internal surfaces of the wall.

On the inner 1.3 and outer 1.4 spacer holders, the inner 8.2 and the outer 8.3 lining are placed and fastened, in which way such a space is achieved between the inner 8.2 and the outer 8.3 lining that by injecting the insulation filling 8.4 into it, the total thickness 2.5 of the wall or its segments is achieved the size depends on the purpose of the building space and the associated requirements, and can usually be up to 300 mm.

On the inner 8.2 and outer 8.3 linings, corresponding holes are made, located so that they correspond to the location of the inner 1.3 and outer 1.4 spacer holders.

The structure of the steel structure of the wall or its segments made in the manner described above, complete with distance holders, tensioners and end linings, of certain external dimensions and surface area, for example 36 m2, is invested in a mold of the corresponding dimensions and the dimensions of a suitable injection press under a certain pressure, for example 3 bar, suitable insulating filling for which expanding polyurethane is most often used, which not only by its natural expansion but also under the action of pressure displaces air and hermetically fills every pore of the space bounded by the end plates and edge surfaces of the steel structure of the wall or its segments, formed by the associated profiles , as a rule horizontal 1.1 and vertical 1.2 C – profiles. Thanks to the thus obtained compact structure of the wall, the statics of the steel structure itself improved by at least 30%.

In this way, a completely compact structure of the wall is achieved, which ensures a high degree of insulation properties of the wall so that the heat transfer coefficient U is not higher than 0.15 W/m2K.

A module is the common name for a wall construction that is achieved by pressing in the manner described above, regardless of whether it is a complete wall or its segment. Modules, as a rule, have a rectangular shape, the usual total area of 36 m2, with dimensions of height and width: 3 x 12 m, which meets practically all requirements that appear in practice.

By making all the modules, i.e. all the wall elements in the factory, with all the windows, doors, pipes and/or other additional equipment installed in the production plant, it is possible to make completely even the entire building in advance, before it is transferred to the construction site, which is what the construction concept does very flexible, and further reduces construction costs.

The assembly of the wall modules completely made in the factory in the described manner, for the construction of the building at the construction site, is carried out by connecting them using clamps to achieve horizontal 7.1 and vertical 7.2 connections.

After the lower load-bearing module 10.1 of the wall is placed on the pre-prepared foundations, the floor-ceiling module 10.3 of the wall is placed, followed by the upper load-bearing module 10.2 of the wall, as well as the partition walls, upper 10.4 and lower 10.5.

If necessary, the internal supports of the facade 9.1 are attached to the steel structure, to which the external supports of the facade (9.2) continue, the base of which is placed on the external cladding (8.2).

Method of application of the invention

The invention in question finds its application in construction, where the greatest possible flexibility of construction is achieved, with a drastic reduction in costs and construction deadlines, which is a natural result of the production of all modules, i.e. all wall elements in the factory, with all windows, doors, pipes and/or other with additional equipment installed in the production plant, which means that it is possible to make completely even the entire building in advance, before it is transferred to the construction site.

In addition, since the application of the subject invention ensures the possibility of achieving a high level of insulation properties of the wall, even to the extent that the heat transfer coefficient U is not higher than 0.15 W/m2K, the application of the subject invention has an emphasized importance in the modern construction of passive houses with the possibility of achieving parameters and characteristics that meet even the most stringent requirements.

Claims (5)

1. Wall prefabricated structure for passive buildings, includes the technical solution of the supporting steel lattice structure for a certain building of the intended purpose, dimensions and location of the terrain and the layout of the rooms, by implementing appropriate calculations in a known manner and in accordance with all the main requirements of building regulations, such as compressive strength , resistance to earthquakes and wind, and fire protection, is defined by the supporting steel structure of the wall with all associated components and with built-in all the necessary openings for doors and windows, but also with channels for the accommodation of all necessary installations and lines, for example for electricity and telecommunications, and with built-in pipes for water and sewerage, whereby the steel structure defined in this way consists of profiles of certain shapes and dimensions, as a rule of C-profiles, horizontal (1.1) and vertical (1.2) C-profiles, which are made of steel sheet of appropriate thickness and suitable connected in a known way, between which they are for insurance if necessary additional strength, according to calculations, except for horizontal (1.1) and vertical (1.2) C-profiles, additional steel elements for reinforcement (8.1) are also installed, characterized by the fact that it consists of: - certain horizontal (1.1) and vertical (1.2) C-profiles of the steel structure, within which, in accordance with the calculations carried out according to all relevant requirements of the construction profession and regulations, appropriate wall clamps or its segments are attached for horizontal (2.1) and vertical (2.2) mutual clamping of the walls or their segments using clamps to create horizontal and vertical joints, where the clamping cylinder (3.1) with the housing as well as the clamping nut (3.3) with the housing are placed on the C-profile within the space defined by the inner surface (4.1) of the bottom of the C-profile with the two inner side surfaces (4.2) of the C-profile in the manner that neither the clamping cylinder (3.1) nor the clamping nut (3.2) never go beyond the dimensions of the C-profile rather, they are separated from the edge (3.4) of the C-profile by a certain distance (D), regardless of whether it is a version for vertical or horizontal clamping, with the clamp cylinder (3.1) with the housing as well as the clamp nut (3.3) with by the housing, laid in the direction of the axis (4.3) of the C-profile, they are located, as a rule, in the corner so that they rest and are attached in a suitable way to the inner surface (4.1) of the bottom of the C-profile and the corresponding inner side surface (4.2) of the C-profile , in which way better joint strength is achieved. 2. Wall assembly structure for passive buildings, according to patent claim 1., characterized by the fact that in certain places of horizontal (1.1) and vertical (1.2) C-profiles, the necessary number of appropriately shaped internal (1.3) and external (1.4) profiles are located and fixed. spacers, which are good thermal insulators thanks to their performance and material properties. 3. Wall mounting structure for passive buildings, according to patent claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that the inner (8.2) and outer (8.3) coverings are placed and attached to the inner (1.3) and outer (1.4) spacing holders, on which corresponding holes are drilled located to match the location of the internal (1.3) and external (1.4) spacer holders. 4. The process of production by factory production of a wall assembly structure for passive buildings with high insulating properties for passive buildings, whose steel structure of the wall or its segments of certain external dimensions and surface area, for example 36 m2, is performed according to patent claims 1, 2 and 3. , indicated by the fact that this structure is invested in a mold of the corresponding dimensions of an appropriate press for injection under a certain pressure, for example 3 bars, suitable insulating filling, for which expanding polyurethane (PIR) is most often used, which not only due to its natural expansion but also squeezes out under the action of pressure air and hermetically fills every pore of the space bounded by end plates and edge surfaces of the steel construction of the wall or its segments, formed by the associated profiles, as a rule horizontal (1.1) and vertical (1.2) C-profiles. 5. Application of the wall assembly structure for passive buildings by the assembly process of wall modules with high insulating properties completely manufactured in the factory according to patent claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, for the execution of the building at the construction site on pre-prepared foundations indicated by the fact that the assembly is carried out by connecting the modules using clamps to achieve horizontal and vertical joints so that the lower supporting module (10.1) of the wall is placed on the pre-prepared foundations, followed by the placement of the floor-ceiling module (10.3) of the wall and then the upper supporting module (10.2) of the wall as well as partition walls, upper (10.4) and lower (10.5). [image]