RU53167U1 - VOLUME EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

The volumetric fire extinguishing system relates to fire fighting equipment, and in particular to systems that provide for the detection and extinguishing of fires in mobile vehicles and other enclosed volumes. When using the proposed device, the combination of the functions of the autonomous mode and the response mode from external control systems is ensured, which ensures the fulfillment of the increased requirements for the reliability of the operation of the fire extinguishing system on mobile vehicles. This is determined by the fact that when the vehicle is operating on the line, it has current consumption and the volumetric fire extinguishing system can be activated by external control systems, and when the vehicle is in the park, the vehicle is de-energized, but the fire safety of the facility is maintained. The proposed system provides extinguishing both in closed compartments and in compartments with a high degree of leakage, which is important for passenger vehicles. The specified technical result is achieved in that the volumetric fire extinguishing system, consisting of at least two fire extinguishing devices for spraying the extinguishing agent in the protected volume and from the means for initiating the start of the system, characterized in that the fire extinguishing devices are fully or partially placed in the protected volumes, according to at least one of the devices is configured to detect a fire and transmit a signal to start the devices and is configured to autonomously and force-launch, and steel, with a standalone device and / or forced run, the time of release fire extinguishing agent system are located in the range of 0,3-10,0 seconds.

Description

The volumetric fire extinguishing system relates to fire fighting equipment, and in particular to systems that provide for the detection and extinguishing of fires in mobile vehicles and other enclosed volumes.

Currently, mobile vehicles are not provided with reliable means of fire detection and extinguishing at the initial stage.

When working on the route, the vehicle has current consumption, and when in the park, the vehicle is de-energized, but the fire hazard of the object is preserved, which should be taken into account when choosing the fire detection and extinguishing mode: autonomous and / or forced start-up (triggering from external start sources). Also, sunbathing can take place both in confined spaces (compartments) and in volumes (compartments) with a large degree of leakage of various vehicles: ground passenger transport, railway transport, metro, monorail transport, water transport, etc.

A known fire extinguishing system (RF patent No. 2115451, class A 62 C 37/00 publ. 1998), consisting of several interconnected fire extinguishing devices, each of which contains a pyrotechnic composition, an electric igniter, an electric current generator and a thermal sensor, serving simultaneously Extinguishing media initiator.

This fire extinguishing system is reliable, but limited in its functionality. It has only the autonomy function. The system does not have the ability to force external start. The system is limited in the use of fire extinguishing means, only aerosol fire extinguishing is offered. As a result, the system can only be used in

sealed compartments, with the lack of control and monitoring of its operation. the operator.

A known automatic fire alarm system and fire extinguishing control in mobile vehicles (RF patent No. 39832, CL. A 62 C 37/00, 608 B 25/00, publ. 2004).

A known utility model includes fire detectors, an information collection device with a central control unit connected to light and sound alarms of a fire, fire extinguishing installations, a power unit and a memory unit and is configured to switch to manual stand-alone control of fire extinguishing installations when the vehicle engine is turned on.

The disadvantages that impede the use of this utility model include the complexity of construction, the ability to work this system only in a complex manner, with the participation of all the units included in the system, the lack of an autonomous mode of operation of the system when it is de-energized.

A known system of volumetric fire extinguishing (RF patent No. 2081640, CL. A 62 C 13/22, publ. 1997), including a device for spraying a fire extinguishing composition in the volume of the protected object, made in the form of aerosol generators connected to the initiation device, to start system.

The disadvantages related to this invention include the lack of autonomous response functions. The property of the system to launch due to self-ignition of aerosol-forming compounds is possible. consider as autonomous is very arbitrary, since the heating of the devices will not be the same, the synchronization of the launch will not be ensured, the creation of the necessary fire extinguishing concentration in this case is very difficult. System performance is limited to the use of fire extinguishing aerosol generators only.

The closest technical solution to the proposed device is a volumetric fire extinguishing system according to patent No. 2081640, which is adopted as a prototype.

The task to which the proposed utility model is directed is to create a fire protection system for vehicles that work both in stand-alone mode and in the response mode from external control systems using various fire extinguishing devices.

The proposed utility model is aimed at solving this problem.

When using the proposed device, the combination of the functions of the autonomous mode and the response mode from external control systems is ensured, which ensures the fulfillment of increased requirements for the reliability of the operation of the fire extinguishing system on mobile vehicles. This is determined by the fact that when the vehicle is operating on the line, it has current consumption and the volumetric fire extinguishing system can be activated by external control systems, and when the vehicle is in the park, the vehicle is de-energized, but its fire safety is maintained.

The proposed system provides extinguishing both in closed compartments and in compartments with a high degree of leakage, which is important for passenger vehicles.

The technical result when using the proposed volumetric fire extinguishing system is to provide a safety interval (total time to eliminate a fire hazard situation) not exceeding 60 seconds. This is the total time indicator, consisting of the inertia of the system and the total duration of the supply of the extinguishing agent by all devices.

At the same time, the proposed system has a flexible construction principle, which allows you to generate the number of necessary functions depending on the requirements for various types of vehicles, but with

the mandatory implementation of the main (basic) function is the elimination of a fire hazard situation in a safe time interval.

As fire extinguishing devices, powder, or aerosol, or water or combined fire extinguishing modules are used.

With this approach, it is possible to operate the system both autonomously, regardless of external power and control, and forced, depending on external power and control, operating modes with guaranteed start of all fire extinguishing devices at the same time. Thus, the reliability of the system as a whole is increased, its functionality is increased in terms of the combination of its work with other technical devices that ensure the safety of the vehicle (engine, doors, etc.), fire fighting of any compartment of the vehicle is ensured, regardless of the degree of tightness.

Achieving the indicated technical result is ensured by a volumetric fire extinguishing system, consisting of at least two fire extinguishing devices for spraying a fire extinguishing agent in a protected volume and from means for initiating a system startup, characterized in that the fire extinguishing devices are configured to provide a substance supply duration in the range of 0.3 -10.0 seconds fully or partially placed in protected volumes, at least one of the devices is configured to detect fire and giving a signal to start the remaining devices and is made with the possibility of autonomous and forced start, and the rest of the devices with the possibility of autonomous and / or forced start.

The expansion of the technical capabilities of the system is ensured by the fact that, as fire extinguishing devices, modules of powder, or aerosol, or water, or combined fire extinguishing are used.

Fire extinguishing modules, as applied to transport, depending on the overall dimensions of the protected compartments, their saturation with equipment, can be placed inside the protected volume both fully or partially. Partial

the placement of the module implies the placement within the volume of only that part of the module that is responsible for the supply and / or spraying of the extinguishing agent, as well as that part that has the ability to detect fire. This approach is convenient during installation and operation, when there is no possibility of installing fire extinguishing devices and communication systems between them (for example, wired communication) directly in the protected volume. The expansion of technical capabilities is provided by equipping at least one of the fire extinguishing devices with a fire detection and transmission device.

Such a device can transmit in standalone mode a signal for starting both fire extinguishing devices and transmit a signal to other external control units.

Such a construction of a fire extinguishing system gives it compactness, increased reliability, and the possibility of installation in small compartments, where the separate placement of fire extinguishing modules and fire detection devices is technically difficult to implement.

This solution allows you to run offline modules. Moreover, such devices can be found in all modules located in a closed compartment, as well as parts of the modules. Moreover, the more modules are equipped with similar devices, the higher the reliability of early detection of tanning, and as a result, timely emergency response. In the ideal case, all modules should have similar devices, which can reduce the time to eliminate a fire hazard not only up to 60 seconds, but also achieve an even shorter interval to ensure safety.

To start fire extinguishing devices in an autonomous mode, electric and / or thermochemical and / or pyrotechnic energy sources are used, which, as a rule, are an integral part of built-in fire detection devices and transmitting a start signal. In addition, the system can additionally be equipped with fire detection means, fire warning means, remote manual start means, means

delays in launching fire extinguishing means, which operate both from external power supply and control systems, and autonomously, which ensures reliability of operation and warning presented to vehicles due to additional reservation of detection and start-up functions.

The system can be implemented with the ability to control technical systems that ensure the vehicle’s operability, as well as a means of controlling the start circuits of fire extinguishing means, a means of monitoring alarm loops, a means of controlling the address launch of fire extinguishing means, which ensures the safety of passengers and monitoring the operability of all objects included in the system .

The proposed system is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents schematically a volumetric fire extinguishing system, where:

1 - Fire extinguishing devices, for example, Doping-2 brand fire extinguishing aerosol generators TU 4854-001-17191106-96, water-based fire extinguishing devices, for example, fire extinguishing modules with finely sprayed water like MUPTV-60 “Typhoon” JSC NTK “Flame” TU 4854-004-1176979- 00 or, for example, powder fire extinguishing - powder fire extinguishing modules of the Buran-0.5 brand TU4854-005-52459334-2000 ”, or“ Buran-0.3 ”TU4854-007-52459334-2003).

2 - A built-in device for detecting and transmitting a fire signal, for example, “DETA” TU 14371-034-07514307-96, or a pyrotechnic fire-conducting cord TU7275-001-51953776-00, or a TAE-1 TPE-1.00.00 RE starter, which can be combined with fire extinguishing devices (1). Moreover, the transmission of the signal to start the other fire extinguishing devices (1) can be carried out by transmitting a heat pulse using a fire-retardant cord, or an electric signal from a galvanic cell (TAE-1 starter), or an electric signal received from a thermochemical element (DETA fire detection device ").

Additionally, it is possible to start fire extinguishing devices from an external system - 3, for example, a Urpa-type manual start button (TU 4371-004-52459334-01).

The system operates autonomously and consists of fire extinguishing devices in an amount of at least 2x and additionally has a forced start from an external start signal (3).

Figure 2 (general diagram) presents the inventive system, taking into account the dependent claims, where:

3 - Manual start button type: URPA (TU TU4371-004-52459334-01), USP 101-R (TU 4371-005-47011152-2002). The device allows you to start the fire extinguishing system by the operator in manual mode.

4 - External means of fire detection for example thermal type: UPSA (TU 4371-003-52459334-01), USP (TU4371-004-21326303-96.), Or smoke type for example - IP 212-ZSR, IP 212-ZSU TU 4371 -001-27456886-97. The presence of these means in the circuit allows a signal to be sent to the control device (3), as well as to the manual and / or automatic start device.

5 - A control device of the type: "Needle" (TU4371-012-47349922-01) or a control panel of the type PPKOP 019-8-1 (TU 4372-010-12215496-00). The devices allow you to control the integrity of the launch circuit of fire extinguishing agents, to delay the launch of fire extinguishing means for the time necessary to evacuate people, to control technical means that ensure the operability and safety of the vehicle (doors, engine, etc.), and have the ability to launch fire extinguishing means according to a certain a predetermined algorithm with address start control, according to predetermined software.

6 - Sound and / or light type detector: “Octave” or “Flute” (TU4372-006-34813789-0). The device allows you to notify the operator or passengers of a dangerous situation.

7 - Executive mechanisms of the vehicle (engine, doors, etc.).

The proposed system is built on a flexible principle, which works as follows. Several fire extinguishing devices (1) are installed in the protected compartment. One of them is equipped with an integrated device for detecting and transmitting a fire signal (2).

When a fire occurs, the device (2) detects a fire and gives a signal to start all the fire extinguishing devices (1) located in the protected compartment. Moreover, all this happens autonomously and the facility is reliably protected from fire in any condition of the vehicle - working, not working, with a driver, without a driver.

The proposed system (Fig. 1) is configured to force the start of fire extinguishing devices (1) and from an external triggering device (3), that is, the signal can be sent simultaneously to all fire extinguishing devices (1), (shown in Fig. 1), and can act only on the fire extinguishing device (1), configured to detect and transmit a signal (2), for the subsequent launch of the remaining fire extinguishing devices (1).

In addition, the system can operate from external fire detection systems (FIG. 2). Then, fire detection means (4) are additionally installed in the protected compartment. In the event of a fire, the signal from the fire detection means (4) goes to the control device (5), and from it to the fire extinguishing devices (1) and the sound detector (6). If necessary, combined control is possible when the signal to start the fire extinguishing system and sound warning can come from the manual start button (3) and the control device (5). That is, it is possible to start the fire extinguishing system by the driver forcibly, regardless of the behavior of external control systems (5).

At the same time, the control device (5) can functionally control the starting circuits of fire extinguishing means, control the loop circuits

signaling, control of targeted launching of fire extinguishing means. Moreover, all these functions can be performed, as well as any of them, depending on the need, according to a certain algorithm, according to the software.

At the same time, if necessary, the signal from the built-in fire detection device (2) can be sent to an external line of communication and enter the driver’s cab to the sound detector unit (6) to warn the driver of a dangerous situation and take further measures to eliminate the dangerous situation . Also, the signal can go to the control unit (5), and then further control of the vehicle systems (7) (engine, doors, etc.) can occur automatically without the participation of the driver, which is especially important in emergency situations.

Thus, the proposed system has a flexible structure of construction and management with the possibility of combination depending on the complexity of the protected object, with the mandatory performance of its functions both autonomously and forcefully.

Conducted field trials of the proposed system on rolling stock in bus, tram, trolleybus fleets in Moscow using the construction schemes described above with subsequent fire tests confirmed the versatility, reliability and simplicity of the proposed system, providing work in two modes (stand-alone and traditional), with the possibility of its flexible construction depending on the complexity of the tasks.

The tests were also carried out on a VAZ 2105 automobile. The fire compartment was the engine compartment of the car. As a combustible load, a cloth rag soaked in gasoline was used, which was placed under the hood of the car. Fire extinguishing aerosol generators, powder fire extinguishing modules, their combination, water extinguishing modules were used as fire extinguishing devices.

A detector of the DETA brand served as a device for detecting and transmitting a signal about a fire; a manual start button of the URPA brand was used for forced start.

The tests were carried out in two modes:

- in statics (the car is motionless)

- in motion (the car accelerates to a speed of not more than 60 km / h).

At the same time, both in statics and in motion, experiments were carried out with the autonomous fire extinguishing system triggered and from an forced start by the operator.

The results of the experiments are presented in tables No. 1 and No. 2. During the experiments, the time of supply of the extinguishing agent and the safety interval were recorded. The system was considered to have passed the test, if the fires were extinguished, there was no smoldering tissue, there were no such possible negative aspects of the system as:

- the appearance of deformation of the hood or other elements of the protected compartment;

- fast, for a time equal to or less than the time of emergency braking, the penetration of extinguishing agent into the passenger compartment with loss of visibility, especially in movement.

The prototype system was tested in accordance with the description of patent No. 2081640 only in stand-alone mode, while according to the description of the fire extinguishing device, they only work when heated from the burning center (example No. 19).

In the course of fire tests, it was experimentally established that for the protection of vehicle compartments, there is an interval for the duration of the supply of extinguishing agents from 0.3 to 10.0 seconds, which is optimal for any fire extinguishing means. At a time interval of less than 0.3 seconds, the creation of a fire extinguishing concentration of fire extinguishing means is not ensured in the compartment, since all fire extinguishing means do not have time to work simultaneously, with a time interval of more than 10.0 seconds, the fire extinguishing concentration does not

It is maintained within the limits ensuring the extinguishing reliability, especially when the vehicle is moving, the presence of external wind loads and leaks in the protected compartments. Therefore, in the presence of all these three factors, the extinguishing reliability can be ensured only in a given interval of the duration of the supply of extinguishing agent. The technical result when using the proposed system construction procedure is to ensure the launch of all fire extinguishing devices of the system almost simultaneously.

The data presented in Table 1, and comparative test results presented in Table 2, indicate the achievement of these indicators.

The test results shown in table 2 indicate the achievement of the specified technical result when using the entire combination of essential features (examples No. 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 18). Failure to comply with these conditions does not allow to eliminate a fire hazard situation (examples No. 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17) and also does not ensure the achievement of the recommended time interval for safety (examples No. 6 and No. 15).

Moreover, in examples No. 6 and No. 15, only forced fire extinguishing devices were provided, and the rest (2 devices with autonomous starting) did not work, because according to these examples there was no fire extinguishing device configured to detect and transmit a signal, therefore extinguishing of the burning sites was provided.

The tests carried out confirmed that the proposed system is aimed at solving the problem and meets all the criteria of patentability under current law.

Table 1
Characterization of the parameters of the volumetric fire extinguishing system. Nature of the parameter Examples of using fire extinguishing devices Powder Water Spray can Combination Prototype (No. of examples) one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven 12 13 fourteen fifteen 16 17 eighteen 19 Number of fire extinguishing devices (total), pieces 2 2 3 four four 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 four four four 2 2 3 2 Type of device placement: - completely, pcs 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 four 2 one 2 2 - partially, pcs 2 four 2 2 2 one four 2 one one Of which with the possibility one one 2 2 one - one one one one one one 2 one - one one one - detect and signal transmission autonomous and forced launch, pcs. Other devices with the ability to run: - autonomous, pcs one 2 2 one one one one one one 2 one 2 - forced, pcs one one one one one one - autonomous and forced, pcs one 2 one one one 2 one one one The duration of the extinguishing agent supply by the device (passport data), sec. 0.3 5,0 10.0 0.1 12.0 5,0 13.0 7.0 10.0 0.1 12.0 0.3 5,0 10.0 10.0 0.2 13.0 0.3 10.0 The total duration of the feed by all devices of the system, sec. 0.5 6.0 10.0 0.2 14.0 5,0 15.0 9.0 12.0 0.3 14.0 0.4 6.0 14.0 14.0 0.3 15.0 0.5 12.0

table 2
Comparative test results. Character of parameter (No. of examples) Examples of using fire extinguishing devices Powder Water Spray can Combination Prototype one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven 12 13 fourteen fifteen 16 17 eighteen 19 Total time (safety interval) for eliminating a fire hazard situation, s thirty twenty 40 fifteen 40 80 fifty 38 45 19 25 38 27 43 70 fifty 55 47 160 Exposure to burning sites traffic + + + - - - - + + - - + + + - - - + - Statics + + + + - - - + + + - + + + - + + + - The presence of damage traffic + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + - + + + Statics + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Loss of visibility traffic + + + - + + - + + - + + + + - + - + - Statics + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - + - (+) - means the extinguishing of the burning sites, the absence of smoldering, the absence of visible deformation of the structures of the protected compartment, the absence of loss of visibility during the time necessary to stop the vehicle. (-) - means the presence of smoldering or non-extinguishing of the fire, the presence of visible damage to the structures of the protected compartment, for example, deformation of the hood, etc., the presence of loss of visibility until the vehicle stops.

Claims (11)

1. Volumetric fire extinguishing system, consisting of at least two fire extinguishing devices for spraying a fire extinguishing agent in a protected volume and from means for initiating a system startup, characterized in that the fire extinguishing devices are configured to provide a fire extinguishing agent supply duration in the range of 0.3- 10.0 s, fully or partially placed in protected volumes, at least one of the devices is capable of detecting a fire and transmitting a signal to start other devices and It is equipped with the possibility of autonomous and forced start, and the rest of the devices with the possibility of autonomous and / or forced start. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the modules of powder or aerosol, or water or combined fire extinguishing are used as fire extinguishing devices. 3. The system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that to start the fire extinguishing devices in stand-alone mode, use electric, and / or thermochemical, and / or pyrotechnic energy sources. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with fire detection means. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with fire warning means. 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is further equipped with means of remote manual start. 7. The system according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with delay means for starting fire extinguishing means. 8. The system according to claims 1, 4-6, characterized in that it is made with the ability to control technical systems that ensure the operability of the vehicle. 9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a means of monitoring the starting circuits of fire extinguishing means. 10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a means of monitoring alarm loops. 11. The system according to claims 1, 9, 10, characterized in that it is equipped with means for controlling the targeted launch of fire extinguishing means.