RU93285U1 - FIRE ALARM SYSTEM AND FIRE FIGHTING CONTROL IN MOBILE VEHICLES - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. The fire alarm system and fire extinguishing control in mobile vehicles, including a fire detector, fire extinguishing means, a microcontroller with a control and information collection function, connected to each fire detector through a device with the functions of an electromagnetic interference filter and monitoring the line failure and fire detector status, connected with each fire extinguishing means through the device for controlling their launch, made with the possibility of monitoring the state of the fire extinguishing means In addition, the microcontroller is connected to the light signal device and to the sound signal device, the system is equipped with an uninterruptible power supply capable of transmitting the on-board supply voltage from the on-board network to fire extinguishing means, as well as to the microcontroller via an internal secondary power source, and the possibility of switching to manual control mode is designed to provide both targeted launching of fire extinguishing means and emergency launch of all fire extinguishing means, characterized in that YSTEM is configured to switch from automatic control to manual control when the vehicle engine, and when the engine is turned off - in the automatic control mode and further provided with a registration unit changes the system status in the nonvolatile memory. ! 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that as a fire extinguishing agent use means with manual start and self-start functions. ! 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that as the device light

Description

The proposed system relates to fire-fighting devices and is designed to alert about an emergency or fire in the protected compartments of the vehicle and to launch fire extinguishing means in manual and automatic modes from the driver's cab of the vehicle: passenger and freight vehicles, construction, road and agricultural specials. equipment, armored vehicles, etc.

Known automatic fire alarm and fire fighting control in mobile vehicles (RF patent No. 39832 class. A62C 37/00, G08B 25/00, publ. 2004). This system includes fire detectors, information collection units with a central control unit connected to light and sound fire alarms, fire extinguishing means and a fire extinguishing means switching unit, and the central unit additionally contains control units for all component systems and an event memory unit, and is directly connected to firefighters detectors, which use linear heat detectors, made in a certain way.

The disadvantages that impede the use of the known system include difficulties in installation and operation, which is not justified when using this system on operated vehicles for which the known system is not adapted.

Also, when controlling the system in manual mode, the probability of the negative impact of the "human factor" is high. In this system, each channel is launched by pressing a specific button, which in an emergency situation is easy to confuse. Consequently, the element of randomness may not allow for rapid quenching.

Known automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing control in vehicles (RF patent No. 77786 class. A62C 37/00, publ. 2008). This system includes a fire detector, fire extinguishing means, a microcontroller with a control and information collection function, connected to each fire detector through a device with the functions of an electromagnetic interference filter and line fault monitoring and fire detector status, associated with each fire extinguishing device through their fire control device with the possibility of monitoring the state of the fire extinguishing means, the microcontroller is also connected to the light signal device and to the device an audio signal, the system is equipped with an uninterruptible power supply, capable of transmitting the on-board voltage from the on-board network to fire extinguishing means, as well as to the microcontroller via an internal secondary power source, and the possibility of switching to manual control mode is made to ensure that the fire extinguishing means are targeted and emergency launch of all fire extinguishing means. The system is configured to transmit a signal in no more than four communication channels.

The disadvantages that impede the use of this system include the inability to:

- registration and archiving of events (changing the state of the system);

- switching to manual control when the vehicle engine is turned on, and vice versa.

The utility model for patent No. 77786 is adopted as a prototype, as the closest in essential features and achieved technical result.

The task that the proposed utility model solves is to increase the likelihood of suppressing the fire source at the initial stage of ignition while ensuring control of all emergency situations in both automatic and manual control mode.

The technical result when using a utility model is:

- self-diagnosis of the device with the issuance of light and sound indications;

- monitoring the status of communication loops and fire extinguishing loops with the issuance of address indication;

- control and signaling of temperature increase in the protected compartment with the issuance of an address light indication and an audio signal;

- automatic start of fire extinguishing means when the temperature rises above the set norm;

- targeted launch of fire extinguishing means by pressing the start button by the driver;

- the ability to force the launch of all fire extinguishing means (SP);

- the ability to switch the system from automatic control to manual control when the vehicle engine is turned on;

- light alarm when the system is triggered in emergency start mode;

- the ability to register and archive all changes in the state of the system;

- providing an audible alarm when a fire detector is triggered.

The achievement of this technical result is ensured by the fact that the fire alarm system and fire extinguishing control in mobile vehicles, including a fire detector, fire extinguishing means, a microcontroller with a control and information collection function, connected to each fire detector through a device with the functions of an electromagnetic interference filter and line fault control and the state of the fire detector associated with each fire extinguishing means through the device for controlling their launch, made With the possibility of monitoring the state of the fire extinguishing agent, the microcontroller is also connected to the light signal device and the sound signal device, the system is equipped with an uninterruptible power supply capable of transmitting the on-board power supply voltage from the on-board network to fire extinguishing means, as well as to the microcontroller via an internal secondary source power supply, and the ability to switch to manual control mode is made with the provision of both targeted launching of the fire extinguishing means and ava the launch of all fire extinguishing means, characterized in that the system is made possible to switch from automatic control to manual control when the vehicle engine is turned on, and when the engine is turned off, to automatic control and is additionally equipped with a unit for recording changes in the state of the system in non-volatile memory .

It is preferable to use means with manual start and self-start functions as fire extinguishing agents.

As a light signal device, LED indicators are used.

To provide protection against interference, the internal secondary power supply includes a surge protector, an electromagnetic interference filter, and a smoothing filter. The provision of targeted launching of fire extinguishing means is carried out using the targeted launch button.

For the convenience of abnormal operating modes in case of faulty power supply to the system, the microcontroller is additionally equipped with a supervisor.

For ease of installation, due to its compactness and reliability during operation, the microcontroller, the light signal device, the sound signal device, the emergency button and the address button for launching fire extinguishing means in manual mode, an internal secondary power supply, the fire extinguishing agent launch control unit, a device with electromagnetic interference filter functions and line fault monitoring, the switching unit from automatic to manual mode and vice versa, as well as the event registration unit are located in a single housing combined with the display panel.

In turn, the display panel is configured to group light indicators on it corresponding to each fire extinguishing means.

For greater reliability, the system is additionally equipped with a device power supply protection unit connected through an uninterruptible power supply with an on-board network, as well as with a microcontroller via an internal secondary power source.

If necessary, the system may include a node for transmitting power from the on-board network directly to the fire extinguishing means and to the start node of the fire extinguishing means through the device power protection unit.

The system can be configured to provide light signaling when the system is triggered in emergency start mode.

The compactness of the device can be ensured by the fact that the LED indicator signaling the operation of the system in emergency start mode is displayed on the display panel.

Additional control can be provided if the system is configured to sound an alarm when a fire detector is triggered. For example, when you install the unit for connecting the standard sound device of the vehicle associated with the microcontroller.

The system can be configured to transmit a signal in no more than four communication channels. This is sufficient for reliable protection of the vehicle.

The proposed utility model is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a fire alarm system and fire extinguishing control in mobile vehicles, including fire detectors (1), fire extinguishing means (4), a microcontroller (3) with information collection and control functions, which is associated with each fire detector ( 1) through a device with the functions of an electromagnetic interference filter and line fault control (2), and with each fire extinguishing means (4) through its launch control unit (15). the microcontroller (3) is connected to the sound signal device (9) and to the light signal device (10), which use LED indicators. The system is equipped with an uninterruptible power supply (5), configured to transmit on-board power supply voltage from the on-board network (6), and to the microcontroller (3) through an internal secondary power source (14). Providing targeted launching of fire extinguishing means (4) is carried out using the address start button (8), connected directly to the microcontroller (3). The emergency start of fire extinguishing means (4) is ensured using the emergency start button (7).

The microcontroller (3) is also connected to the switching unit (19) from the automatic control mode to manual when the engine is turned on, and when it is turned off, into automatic mode. The microcontroller (3) is also connected to the state change recording unit (20).

The switching unit (19) from the automatic control mode to the manual control mode when the engine is turned on, or switching back to automatic control mode when the engine is turned off, provides such a switch automatically, regardless of human actions. This allows you to monitor the status of the protected zones (compartments) both during the movement of the vehicle, and during its short or long stop, that is, constant monitoring.

The unit for recording state changes (20) of the system records and stores operational information (non-volatile memory), is connected to the microcontroller (3), and records and archives events occurring in the system. Block (20) records the moment the device is turned on, the events that occurred in the system before the device was turned off, and directly - the moment of disconnection.

LED indicators (10), address start button (8), emergency start button (7) are located on the display panel (11). Light indicators (10) correspond to each fire extinguishing medium (4), and one more light indicator (10), which shows the state of the system (“Norm”). When the engine is turned on, the switching unit (19) automatically, by a signal from the microcontroller (3), puts the system into manual control mode. When you turn on the engine - puts the system in automatic control mode. All changes in the system state (for example, temperature) are recorded and stored in the non-volatile memory of the registration unit (20).

A microcontroller (3), a device with the functions of an electromagnetic interference filter and line fault monitoring (2), an SP start-up control unit (15), an audio signal device (9), an indication panel (11) an internal secondary power supply (14), a switching unit (19 ) from automatic control to manual mode when the engine is turned on; and when it is turned off - in automatic mode, as well as an event recording unit (20) are placed in a single building (13).

Figure 2 presents a block diagram of a fire alarm system and fire extinguishing control, which contains a node (16) for transmitting power from the on-board network (6) directly to the fire extinguishing means (4) and to the start control unit of the fire extinguishing means (15). In addition, the system is equipped with a power supply protection unit (18) connected through an uninterruptible power supply (14). To exclude abnormal modes of operation during a faulty system power supply, the microcontroller is additionally equipped with a supervisor (17). Additional control is provided by a light alarm when the system is triggered in emergency start mode. The LED indicator (21) connected to the microcontroller (3) is displayed on the display panel (11) and indicates the emergency start of fire extinguishing means (4), carried out using the emergency start button (7). The connection unit (22) of the standard sound device provides switching of the standard sound device of the vehicle when any of the fire detectors is triggered (1).

The fire alarm and fire extinguishing control system is installed on vehicles and is designed to automatically detect emergency overheating or fire, alert and control fire extinguishing means in manual or automatic modes.

The fire detector (1) and the corresponding fire extinguishing means (4) are placed in the protected area (12) of the vehicle, for example, in the engine compartment.

As fire extinguishing agents (SP), any fire extinguishing means (aerosol, powder, carbon dioxide, etc.) is used that meets the operational load requirements for automotive equipment and has fire extinguishing efficiency sufficient to extinguish fires in protected volumes.

As fire detectors use any threshold detectors (signal type "yes" - "no"). For ground transportation, it is preferable to use linear heat detectors in oil and petrol resistant design.

In the protected compartments, fire linear thermal detectors of the PGVS.425512.002 series and automatic fire extinguishing means, for example, “Doping-2TR”, are installed.

The proposed system was tested for operation (at a voltage of 12 V) and resistance to nanosecond pulsed interference.

Functional tests were carried out in standby mode and in the mode of simulating fire and faults along the circuits of fire detectors and fire extinguishing means in accordance with the methods set forth in the "Program and Methodology of Functional Tests". Functioning criteria were - timely fire detection in protected compartments, automatic and manual start of fire extinguishing means (SP) in the address mode and in the start mode of all SPs, monitoring for open and short circuit of signaling loops and SP launch loops, providing address indication and sound notification when fire detection and malfunctions. The tests showed (more than 20 experiments) 100% response of the system.

Tests for resistance to nanosecond pulsed interference were carried out in accordance with GOST R 51317.4.4-99, which revealed full compliance with the requirements of noise immunity.

In addition, the system was tested for resistance to external climatic influences in accordance with TU EPUS.425532.022. The criteria for resistance to elevated temperatures (up to 60 ° C) were the absence of false signals and commands, mechanical damage and the preservation of performance. During the tests, the system's resistance to climatic influences was confirmed, and in some cases exceeded.

The proposed system installed on the vehicle operates as follows in automatic mode:

When voltage is supplied from the vehicle’s on-board network (6) through the power supply protection unit (18) (if installed) or from the uninterruptible power supply (5), the microcontroller (3) is started via the internal secondary power supply (14), the state protected compartments (12) are controlled automatically.

When the temperature in the protected compartments (12) rises above the permissible level, the fire detector (1) closes, from which the signal is transmitted to the microcontroller (3) through a device with the functions of an electromagnetic interference filter and line fault monitoring (2), designed to prevent false alarms.

The microcontroller (3) diagnoses the event, turns on the sound signal device (9) and the indicator light (10) corresponding to the activated detector (1), located on the display panel (11). After 30 seconds, the microcontroller (3) through the start node (15) includes fire extinguishing means (4). In cases where the system is additionally equipped with a power supply unit for the on-board network (16), in the event of a fire, this unit (16) supplies power directly to the fire extinguishing means (4), thereby preparing to start it.

If the power supply is faulty, in order to exclude abnormal operating modes of the system, the supervisor (17) disconnects and holds the microcontroller (3) in the “reset” state until the faults in the power supply are fixed.

The automatic control mode of the system is set by the switching unit (19) associated with the microcontroller (3) when the vehicle engine is turned off.

When the engine is turned on, the switching unit (19) automatically puts the system into manual control mode.

In manual mode, the system operates in the same way as in automatic mode, however, after the sound signal devices (9) and light indicators (10) are triggered, the driver, by pressing the address start button (8), launches fire extinguishing means (4), while fire extinguishing means (4), corresponding to the triggered fire detector (1), are launched.

In addition, an emergency (general) start of the system is possible, in this case the driver can start all fire extinguishing means (4), regardless of the operation of fire detectors (1) by pressing the emergency start button (7). In an emergency, in emergency start mode, the LED indicator (21) lights up, displayed on the display panel (11). When the fire detector (1) is triggered, the connection unit (22) causes the sound device of the vehicle (for example, horn) to be triggered - that is, an additional audible alarm.

In automatic and manual control modes, constant registration is carried out with the archiving of all changes in the state of the system, the registration unit (20) connected to the microcontroller (3).

Field tests were carried out to determine the operability of the proposed system in manual and automatic control modes. In each of the indicated modes, the following were checked: the efficiency of extinguishing model fire sources in an emergency. Also, a system operability check was carried out under standby conditions (ground state) and in the system self-diagnosis conditions.

Test objects and their results.

Example 1

A KamAZ-541150 brand car was presented for testing. Based on the statistics of ignitions on this type of transport, the collapse of the engine and the turbine drive area are classified as fire hazardous places subject to the equipment of the joint venture.

As executive means of fire extinguishing were used MPP "Buran-0.5".

The tests were carried out on an open area of Avtosila LLC at an ambient temperature of t = 15 ° C, a relative humidity of 80% and a wind speed of 5 m / s.

The tests were carried out in the operation mode from a manual electric start on an idle engine.

Rational locations of executive fire extinguishing means were selected and installed above the engine, then connecting cables and wires were laid.

In the collapse of the car engine and in the area of the turbine drive (exhaust manifold), model fires were installed. The model fires consisted of containers with a diameter of 200 mm and a height of 30 mm, into which immediately before the test sawdust was poured and 100 ml of flammable liquid consisting of diesel fuel, engine oil and gasoline was poured in equal proportions. In total, 4 outbreaks were “established”.

Using the torch, model fires were sequentially set on fire, after which the countdown of free burning ≈20 s began, then the joint venture was started in manual mode with the engine idle. Tests were conducted to operate the joint venture in emergency start mode. 2 modules of the Buran-0,5 brand were installed on the struts of the cabin above the engine, exhaust nozzles directed to the engine, 1 module was installed on the side member of the cab base on the left side, with the exhaust nozzle directed to the engine.

Test results: 4 model foci extinguished, all joint ventures worked (3 pcs.)

Example 2

A NEFAZ5299 bus with standard equipment for the engine compartment and the PZD compartment and fire-fighting telemetry equipment was presented for testing.

Based on the statistics of bus fires, the engine compartment and the heater compartment are classified as fire hazardous compartments to be equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing installation.

Based on the design dimensions of fire hazardous compartments, their degree of leakage and air exchange in them under the conditions of operation of NEFAZ5299 buses, as well as the tactical and technical characteristics of the extinguishing agents, the following extinguishing agents were proposed:

- GOA "Doping-2", MPP "Buran-0.5", PC and U, with a device for launching extinguishing agents in manual mode, PI, linear with a threshold of 87 ° C and 138 ° C.

During the test was recorded:

- the time of free burning before the operation of the extinguishing means with an error of 1 second using a stopwatch;

- the process of developing and extinguishing the fire (visually and using a digital camera in shooting mode), as well as analyzing the change in the state of the system according to the archived information of the registration unit with independent memory;

- temperature conditions in the protected compartments (by means of telemetry of OJSC "NEFAZ");

After each test of extinguishing agents in the engine compartment, a control start of the engine was carried out.

The test was carried out in the modes of manual and automatic launch of the specified extinguishing means using fire detectors (PI) with a threshold of 87 ° C and 138 ° C.

The tests were conducted in an open area of the experimental workshop No. 21 at an ambient temperature of t = + 5 ° C. humidity of 85% at a wind speed of 10 m / s.

Fire extinguishing system tests were carried out in the following modes:

- self-operation from a thermal cord;

- manual start mode from the monitoring and control device at the signal of the fire detector;

- start-up mode from the control and command instrument;

- manual start mode from the battery on command.

In the protected compartments of the bus, model fires were installed in possible places of ignition.

The model foci consisted of steel baking sheets with dimensions 150 × 100 × 40, which were simulated with sawdust filled with a mixture of gasoline and diesel fuel in a ratio of 1: 1 in an amount of 100-150 ml in each baking sheet to simulate the combustion process of smoldering materials and deposits possible during operation .

The test results are presented in the table.

In all experiments, after extinguishing all the foci in different control modes, the engine started. At the same time, in all experiments, automatic switching to the manual fire extinguishing control mode was ensured when the engine was turned off, and when it was turned on, it was switched to the automatic fire extinguishing mode. All changes in the state of the system and its components were recorded and archived in the non-volatile memory block (20). Monitoring of all situations (standby mode, self-diagnosis mode and emergency situation) was reflected on the panel (11) with the corresponding light signals. In addition to the light signals, there was a corresponding sound signaling, both when notified through the block (9) and through the block (22) by triggering the standard sound signal of the vehicle.

Tests for certification purposes were carried out in the laboratory for testing the technical means of safety and security of the facilities of the FSI “CSA OPS” of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

the proposed system received a certificate of conformity No. C-RU.PB16.V. 00023 and a fire safety certificate No. SSPB.RU.OP066.V00614.

Thus, the proposed utility model is aimed at solving the problem and meets all the criteria for patentability under current law.

Test Results Table No. / No. Extinguishing media locations, brand, quantity Model fires, quantity Response time, s t, ° C temperature sensors 50 M. Experiment Results Experiment 1: thermal cord response mode PZD compartment, 1 pc. GOA "Doping-2" was installed on the side wall of the compartment (in the direction of the bus) at an angle of 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bus at a height of 200 mm from the floor. 1 pc., Located in the area of the GOA 17 22 ° Quenching Experiment 2: manual start mode of a monitoring and control device by a fire detector signal The engine compartment, 4 GOA "Doping-2" were installed: 1 pc., On the collapse of the engine; 2 pcs. on a pallet to the right and left of the engine; 1 PC. silencer protection screen 55 72.5 ° Extinguishing all foci - 1 PC. left on the hatch of the engine compartment, aimed at the collapse of the engine. - 2 pcs. on the pipe of the frame of the rear mask in the lower part of the hood, directed downward at an angle of 45 ° to the surface of the earth. - 1 PC. on the pipe of the frame of the rear mask in the upper part of the hood on the right side, directed down to the surface of the earth. Experiment 3: start mode from the control and command instrument The engine compartment, 4 GOA "Doping-2" were installed: 1 PC. on the collapse of the engine; 2 pcs. on a pallet to the right and left of the engine; 1 PC. on the silencer protection screen twenty 34.5 ° Extinguishing all foci - 1 PC. left on the engine compartment hatch, aimed at the collapse of the engine. - 2 pcs. on the pipe of the frame of the rear mask in the lower part of the hood, directed downward at an angle of 45 ° to the surface of the earth. - 1 PC. on the pipe of the frame of the rear mask in the upper part of the hood on the right side, directed down to the surface of the earth. 4 experiment: manual start mode from the battery on command PZD compartment, 1 pc. GOA "Doping-2" was installed on the side wall of the compartment (in the direction of the bus) at an angle of 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the bus at a height of 200 mm from the floor 2 pcs., Located in the compartment of the railway 97 - Extinguishing all foci 5th experiment: automatic start from battery The engine compartment, 3 "Buran-0.5" modules were installed: 4 things. on the engine pallet; 1 PC. on the silencer protection screen 2 - Extinguishing all foci - 2 pcs. on the pipe of the frame of the rear mask in the lower part of the hood, directed downward at an angle of 45 ° to the surface of the earth. - 1 PC. on the pipe of the frame of the rear mask in the upper part of the hood on the right side. directed down to the surface of the earth

Claims (16)

1. The fire alarm system and fire extinguishing control in mobile vehicles, including a fire detector, fire extinguishing means, a microcontroller with a control and information collection function, connected to each fire detector through a device with the functions of an electromagnetic interference filter and monitoring the line failure and fire detector status, connected with each fire extinguishing means through the device for controlling their launch, made with the possibility of monitoring the state of the fire extinguishing means In addition, the microcontroller is connected to the light signal device and to the sound signal device, the system is equipped with an uninterruptible power supply capable of transmitting the on-board supply voltage from the on-board network to fire extinguishing means, as well as to the microcontroller via an internal secondary power source, and the possibility of switching to manual control mode is designed to provide both targeted launching of fire extinguishing means and emergency launch of all fire extinguishing means, characterized in that YSTEM is configured to switch from automatic control to manual control when the vehicle engine, and when the engine is turned off - in the automatic control mode and further provided with a registration unit changes the system status in the nonvolatile memory. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that as a fire extinguishing agent use means with manual start and self-start functions. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the LED indicators are used as a light signal device. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal secondary power source includes a means of protection against voltage surges, an electromagnetic interference filter and a smoothing filter. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to provide an addressable fire extinguishing start with an address start button. 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to provide emergency start of all fire extinguishing means by the emergency start button. 7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the system is additionally equipped with a supervisor. 8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the microcontroller, the light signal device, the sound signal device, the emergency button and the address button for launching the fire extinguishing means in manual mode, an internal secondary power source, the fire extinguishing agent launch control device, a device with electromagnetic filter functions interference and fault line monitoring, the switching unit from automatic to manual mode and vice versa, as well as the event registration unit are placed in a single housing, combined with the display panel. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the display panel is configured to group LED indicators therein corresponding to each fire extinguishing means. 10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a device power supply protection unit connected via an uninterruptible power supply with an on-board network, as well as with a microcontroller via an internal secondary power source. 11. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a unit for transmitting power from the on-board network directly to the fire extinguishing means and to the start unit of the fire extinguishing means through the device power protection unit. 12. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to provide a light alarm when the system is triggered in emergency start mode. 13. The system according to p. 12, characterized in that the LED indicator signaling the operation of the system in emergency start mode is displayed on the display panel. 14. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to provide an audio signal when a fire detector is triggered. 15. The system according to 14, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a unit for connecting the standard sound device of the vehicle associated with the microcontroller. 16. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to transmit a signal in no more than four communication channels.