RU40625U1 - VEHICLE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A vehicle comprising a housing comprising a cabin with front and side windows in which traffic controls are located, a driver's seat mounted on the floor of the cabin and a passenger seat, a motor-transmission compartment comprising an engine transmitting torque to the caterpillar through gearbox on the main and final drives with driving wheels, a cargo and passenger compartment, a running gear containing a suspension and a caterpillar mover having track rollers, driving wheels, caterpillar chains, tensioning mechanism, characterized in that the casing is made of all-metal volumetric, bearing, tight, welded with a horizontal flat roof, each side surface of the casing is formed by one inclined plane and two vertical planes, the front surface of the casing consists of 3 inclined planes, the back the housing is formed by vertical and inclined planes, while on the side inclined plane of the housing in its middle part there are air ducts for cooling the engine, in the rear vertical the door is flat, the front and rear parts of the case are equipped with removable hydrodynamic retsets installed above the caterpillar chains, the engine-transmission compartment is located inside the case between the cab and the passenger-and-passenger compartment in the middle of the case and is hermetically isolated from the cab and the passenger-and-passenger compartment, which are connected by an aisle located above the engine-transmission compartment, the caterpillar mover is equipped with a guide wheel interacting with the track mechanism

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, to caterpillar vehicles - all-terrain vehicles, snow and swamp vehicles of a particularly light class (up to 8 tons), intended for the transportation of people, various cargoes, equipment on weakly bearing soils and rough terrain in especially difficult road and climatic conditions, as well as complete impassability swamps, lakes, snow.

The need for transportation of people places higher demands on smoothness, and the need for transportation of cargo is the release of significant volumes of vehicles for its placement. Operation in wetlands dictates the requirement for good maneuverability and buoyancy of the machine, that is, weight reduction and the use of a hull structure.

It is known a vehicle made on the basis of GAZ -3409, (patent for industrial design No. 40168, op.16.11.94), containing a cabin, a cargo-passenger compartment located above the engine compartment.

Its disadvantages:

A large panoramic windshield reduces crew safety when driving over rough terrain.

Low smoothness due to small diameter rollers.

The centers of mass are located at the edges of the housing outside the base of the track rollers. This reduces ride and increases the buildup of the body.

The smooth running is also affected by the reverse track performance.

rigidity, there is an increase in vibration of the chassis of the all-terrain vehicle.

The presence of a rear-wheel drive reduces the cross-country ability of the all-terrain vehicle and increases the load on the caterpillar chain, as a result of which the weight of the caterpillar mover increases.

A large overall height combined with a small width reduces stability in rough terrain.

Closest to the claimed is the GT-SM (GAZ-71) vehicle (V.F. Platonov, G.R. Leiashvili "Caterpillar and wheeled transport and traction vehicles" M., Mechanical Engineering, 1986, p.16, Fig. 46 ), comprising a housing including a cab, engine compartment, body, chassis with suspension and a caterpillar mover containing 6 track rollers on each side, one drive wheel.

When operating in snow and swamps, the GT-SM shows fairly good maneuverability and high-speed qualities. The specific ground pressure of 0.207 kg / cm ² , the ratio of the length of the supporting surface to the track width of 1.66: 1.

Moreover, when using the GT-SM all-terrain vehicle, the following disadvantages were identified:

- reduction of floating properties when the conveyor is not loaded with people or cargo,

- low agility due to the large ratio of the length of the supporting surface to the track width of 1.66: 1

- an open engine-transmission compartment creates difficulties with repair work, inconvenience in operation, in difficult weather conditions

- low driver placement in the cab at the bottom of the all-terrain vehicle reduces visibility

- low buoyancy due to the lack of hydrodynamic

fixtures

- an open body assumes the presence of a roof in the form of an awning, which reduces safety during operation.

- low efficiency due to high fuel consumption.

- low ground clearance, affects the indicator of patency in the direction of deterioration - increased weight.

The task to which this technical solution is directed is to create a vehicle belonging to the class of especially light all-terrain vehicles for performing transport work on weakly bearing soils, enhanced comfort, environmental friendliness and safety, having high maneuverability, buoyancy and increased performance, having smaller dimensions and weight compared with the known.

The problem is solved as follows.

In a vehicle comprising a body including a cabin with front and side windows in which traffic controls are located, a driver's seat mounted on the floor of the cabin and a passenger seat, a motor-transmission compartment comprising an engine that transmits torque to the caterpillar through the box gears to the main and final drives with driving wheels, a cargo and passenger compartment, a running gear containing a suspension and a caterpillar mover having track rollers, driving wheels, caterpillar chains, tensioning mechanism, according to the claimed technical solution, the casing is made volumetric all-metal, bearing, tight, welded with a horizontal flat roof, each side

the surface of the body is formed by one inclined plane and two vertical planes. The front surface of the housing consists of 3 inclined planes, the rear of the housing is formed by vertical and inclined planes, while on the side inclined plane of the housing in its middle part there are air ducts for cooling the engine, a door is made in the rear vertical plane of the housing. The front and rear parts of the body are equipped with removable hydrodynamic gratings mounted above the track chains. The engine-transmission compartment is located inside the housing between the cabin and the cargo-passenger compartment in the middle part of the housing and is hermetically isolated from the cabin and the cargo-passenger compartment, which are connected by a passage located above the engine-transmission compartment. The caterpillar mover is equipped with a guide wheel interacting with the track chain tensioner, which contains a crankshaft and a hydraulic cylinder located outside the housing, with one end of the hydraulic cylinder mounted directly on the axis of the guide wheel, the other end on the vehicle body. The vehicle is equipped with an automatic transmission.

The caterpillar mover contains four road wheels on each side.

The steering wheel is made with an upper arrangement relative to the track rollers.

The ratio of the length of the supporting surface of the transport device to the width of its track is 1.13: 1, while the ground clearance, namely, the distance from the lower part of the body to the ground is 450-500 mm

Ducts for cooling the engine are equipped with grilles with shutters.

The roof is equipped with handrails installed around the perimeter of the roof;

Protective arcs are installed on the front inclined surface of the body along the front windows.

Cabin windows are protected by bars.

At least one passenger seat is installed in the cab.

On the roof of the cab there is a swivel headlight controlled from the cab

The floor of the cab with the driver's seat located on it is made even and mounted above the transmission.

Fuel tanks are installed outside the rear of the housing.

Recesses for lighting devices are provided in the vehicle body.

Figure 1 shows a vehicle, a General view;

In figure 2. - the same, top view;

In Fig.3.- the same, view B in Fig.2;

In figure 4. - the same, a section along aa in figure 2;

Figure 5 is a section bb in figure 2;

6 is a view of the suspension.

7. the tension mechanism of the track chains is shown;

The vehicle includes a housing, engine, transmission, chassis, including a caterpillar mover and suspension.

The vehicle body 1 is made of load-bearing, hermetic, all-metal, volumetric with a horizontal flat roof 2. The main parts of the body are a frame in the form of a welded box and a steel sheath welded to it.

The hull is divided into three compartments: cab 3, in which there are traffic controls, a driver's seat, and at least one

passenger seat, engine-transmission compartment 4 and cargo-passenger 5.

The engine-transmission compartment 4 is located inside the housing 1 between the cabin 3 and the cargo-passenger compartment 5 in the middle of the housing 1 and is hermetically isolated from the cabin 3 and the cargo-passenger compartment 5, which are connected by a passage 6. located above the engine-transmission compartment 4

The driver’s seat 7 is installed on the floor 8 of the cab 3. The floor 8 of the cab 3 is made even and is located above the transmission 9. Due to this, the driver’s seat 7 is placed relative to the ground at a higher level, which improves the visibility of the terrain for the driver, thereby increasing the safety of the vehicle on rough terrain.

Each side surface of the housing has one inclined 10 and two vertical planes-11 and 12.

The front part of the body is made of 3 inclined surfaces — the front surface 13, made with a positive angle to the vertical, and two inclined surfaces - 14 and 15, made with different negative angles to the vertical.

Such a housing makes it possible to increase the streamlining of the conveyor, its passability, and reduce damage from tree branches and shrubs. On the front frontal surface 13 of the cabin two windows 16 are made in rubber seals. The side inclined surfaces of the cab also have windows 17. All windows are equipped with bars.

In the frontal frontal inclined plane 13 there are two hatches 18 for the passage of air to the main gear with friction clutches for their cooling and recesses 19 are made for the headlights. Front ramp 14

equipped with headlights 20, marker and rotary lights 21 installed in the recesses of the housing.

On the right and left, on the inclined side surfaces 10 of the casing, air ducts are made for cooling the engine - on the right - inlet 22, on the left - outlet 23, closed with grills with shutters. On the left inclined surface 10 under the louvers, below the exhaust duct 23 is an exhaust pipe 24.

The front and rear parts of the body are equipped with hydrodynamic gratings 25, which allow to increase the speed and agility afloat, since when overcoming water barriers they direct the water flow in the direction opposite to the movement of the all-terrain vehicle.

There are three hatches in the roof of the cabin: two 26 in the cabin, one 27 in the cargo-passenger compartment. All hatches are equipped with hinges with internal airtight locks, which eliminates the ingress of precipitation.

The roof of the vehicle body is equipped with handrails 28 installed along its perimeter for the convenience of boarding and disembarking passengers and securing light loads. On the roof of the cab between the hatches 26 there is a pivotable headlight protected by handrails and controlled from the cab.

On the front inclined surface 13 of the housing along the frontal windows / 6, protective arcs 29 are installed to protect the windshields from breaking when moving through the forest.

The back of the body is formed by a vertical 30 and inclined 31 planes.

The vertical wall 30 has a large double-leaf door 32 with a horizontal connector, opening up and down.

Also on the rear vertical wall 30 of the housing are attached two fuel tanks 33, which allows you to free up space inside the conveyor and provide greater fire safety. In the tanks there are recesses 34 for position, turning and stopping lights. In the lower part of the plane 30 of the housing, a hook-on device 35 is made.

On-board gears are attached to the housing in front, suspension brackets 37, tensioning mechanisms 38 are attached to the lower housing. Inside the housing in the middle part is a 2.5 liter engine 39, 100 hp, an automatic transmission 40 with gearbox 41 The torque is transmitted through the driveshaft 42 to a step-down two-stage gearbox 41 with a gear ratio of 1: 1, 1: 2. Then through the driveshaft to main gear 43. Then to final drives: right and left, then to drive wheel 44 and to track chain 45.

The undercarriage consists of a caterpillar mover and suspension 37. The caterpillar mover converts the rotational movement of the drive wheels into the translational motion of the vehicle and consists of two track chains 45 with a tension mechanism 38, two drive wheels 44, two guide wheels 46 and four track rollers 47 of large diameter 700 mm on each side.

The caterpillar chain 45 is metal, small, with articulated-floating fingers and a pin gear. The caterpillar consists of 69 links connected by fingers.

The drive wheel 44 consists of two gear rims and a hub.

Track roller 47 consists of a hub with discs welded to it and a rim with a massive rubber tire. Track rollers are mounted on axles on ball bearings.

The guide wheels 46 are made with the upper arrangement

relative to the track rollers and are located on the sides at the rear of the vehicle. They direct the movement of the track chain and with the help of the tensioning mechanism 38 allow you to adjust its tension. The steering wheel is steel, welded, consists of a hub, discs and a rim. The wheel is mounted on two bearings on the crank axis and secured against axial movement by a nut

The tension mechanism 38 of the caterpillar chains contains a crankshaft 48 and a hydraulic cylinder 49, which is located outside the housing, with one end 50 of the hydraulic cylinder mounted directly on the axis of the guide wheel 46, the second end 51 on the housing. When pumping the hydraulic cylinder, the tension of the track chains changes, which reduces the number of parts of the tensioning mechanism. Due to the fact that the hydraulic cylinder is located outside, access to the tensioner is simplified, regardless of the load of the all-terrain vehicle. It is possible to install tracks with a rubber hinge, as well as a tape mover. Suspension 37 consists of a balancer 52 and a torsion shaft 53. Hydraulic shock absorbers 54 of double action are installed on the front and rear track rollers.

When hitting an obstacle, the roller moves in a vertical plane, changes the angle of the balancer 52, the torsion shaft 53 twists, which takes up the shock load, and the shock absorber 54 absorbs the buildup of the vehicle.

The advantages of the claimed vehicle are as follows. The execution of the case is all-metal with a large spacious comfortable cabin and a cargo-passenger compartment, interconnected by a passage, allows you to create more comfortable conditions for people,

Placing the motor-transmission compartment inside the casing allows for routine maintenance and repair work, regardless of the climatic conditions in the warm casing, gives a more even distribution of the load on the track rollers, which increases throughput in deep snow ~ weak soils and swamps. The placement of the motor and transmission inside the base of the track rollers reduces the buildup of the vehicle when driving on rough terrain, improves ride smoothness.

A sealed enclosure provides vehicle buoyancy and protection against rain and dust.

Hydrodynamic grilles mounted on the casing above the track chains increase speed and agility afloat.

A higher position of the driver's seat expands the visibility of the terrain, increasing traffic safety.

High unification with the widely used conveyor GAZ-34039 reduces the cost of carrying out repair and restoration work on the chassis (the same equipment and spare parts). Temperature range from +40 to -50.

The presence in the vehicle of an automatic transmission installed in the middle part between the engine and final drive eliminates jerking in the transmission and the mover of the all-terrain vehicle, which increases dynamism and smoothness, increases the life of the entire transmission as a whole.

Large-diameter track rollers combined with dual-action hydraulic shock absorbers mounted on the front and rear track rollers increase ride smoothness.

When using large diameter track rollers, support rollers are not required in the propulsion unit

A guide wheel with an upper position relative to the track rollers less clogs the track of the track chain with dirt, which prevents the track chain from wedging.

The hydraulic tension of the tracks simplifies maintenance, namely the hydraulic cylinder of the track tension allows you to adjust the tension of the track chain regardless of the load on the vehicle.

The use of 4 track rollers per side in a caterpillar mover reduces the dimensions, weight of the all-terrain vehicle, increases its agility by reducing the base of the caterpillar mover without increasing the specific load on the ground.

The ratio of the length of the supporting surface of the transport device to the width of its track is 1.13: 1. Ground clearance i.e. the distance from the bottom of the hull to the ground is up to 500 mm with a total vehicle height of 2 m.

The small ratio of the length of the bearing surface to the track width of 1.13: 1 in combination with high ground clearance of up to 500 mm minimizes the bulldozer effect when driving in deep snow and swamp. Low pressure on the ground (0.13 kg / cm ² ) and minimal impact on the soil-vegetation cover when turning the all-terrain vehicle increase maneuverability and agility, providing a high cross-country ability

The location of the fuel tanks on the rear wall of the housing frees up space inside the housing, and also provides greater fire safety.

These qualities of the all-terrain vehicle make it possible to ensure the safe operation of the driver and the transportation of people in any climatic conditions.

The design includes wide possibilities for modifying, further modifying and installing technological and special equipment, with a richer set of equipment: a cabin with an improved finish and a full set of equipment for work and leisure of the crew.

On the claimed vehicle it is possible to mount bulletproof armor plates, a camouflage and protection system, as well as various weapons systems, control and communication systems, engineering equipment, etc.

Thus, the claimed all-terrain vehicle is characterized by high rates of maneuverability, smoothness, low fuel consumption, high speed of up to 60 km / h on the ground and up to 6-7 km / h on the water

The use of this all-terrain vehicle in the national economy will fundamentally change the methodology for carrying out transportation work, make it independent of the climatic conditions, the time of flight, and also reduce operating costs, replace bulky vehicles, helicopters, which are expensive to operate and depend on weather conditions, The inventive vehicle is very effective when used as part of emergency rescue teams during search and emergency rescue operations, in off-road conditions, floods, sleep land drifts, landslides and mass destruction for the evacuation of people, as well as for the delivery of rescuers, doctors, equipment, food.

Claims (15)

1. A vehicle comprising a housing comprising a cabin with front and side windows in which traffic controls are located, a driver's seat mounted on the floor of the cabin and a passenger seat, a motor-transmission compartment comprising an engine transmitting torque to the caterpillar through gearbox on the main and final drives with driving wheels, a cargo and passenger compartment, a running gear containing a suspension and a caterpillar mover having track rollers, driving wheels, caterpillar chains, tensioning mechanism, characterized in that the casing is made of all-metal volumetric, bearing, tight, welded with a horizontal flat roof, each side surface of the casing is formed by one inclined plane and two vertical planes, the front surface of the casing consists of 3 inclined planes, the back the housing is formed by vertical and inclined planes, while on the side inclined plane of the housing in its middle part there are air ducts for cooling the engine, in the rear vertical the door is flat, the front and rear parts of the case are equipped with removable hydrodynamic retots installed above the caterpillar chains, the engine-transmission compartment is located inside the case between the cab and the passenger-and-passenger compartment in the middle of the case and is hermetically isolated from the cab and the passenger-and-passenger compartment, which are connected by an aisle located above the engine-transmission compartment, the caterpillar mover is equipped with a guide wheel that interacts with the track mechanism st strand which comprises crank axle and a hydraulic cylinder disposed outside the housing, with one end of the hydraulic cylinder is mounted directly on the steering wheel axis, a second end - on the vehicle body, a vehicle provided with automatic transmission. 2. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the caterpillar mover contains four road wheels on each side. 3. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the steering wheel is made with an upper arrangement relative to the track rollers. 4. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the length of the supporting surface of the transport device to the width of its track is 1.13: 1 5. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the ground clearance, namely the distance from the lower part of the body to the ground, is 450-500 mm. 6. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the ducts for cooling the engine are equipped with grilles with shutters. 7. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that its roof is provided with handrails mounted around the perimeter of the roof. 8. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that on the front inclined surface of the housing along the frontal windows are installed protective arcs. 9. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the cabin windows are protected by bars. 10. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one passenger seat is installed in the cab. 11. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that a pivoting headlight mounted from the cab is installed on the roof of the cab. 12. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the floor of the cabin is made even. 13. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the floor of the cab with the driver's seat located on it is installed above the transmission. 14. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel tanks are installed outside the rear of the housing. 15. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that in the vehicle body are provided recesses for lighting devices.