RU124653U1 - ATV - Google Patents

Abstract

1. An all-terrain vehicle containing an all-wheel drive frame chassis with a power unit, through a drivetrain, bringing dependent sprung wheels with ultra-low pressure tires, as well as a two-volume body mounted on the chassis, equipped with doors, wings, a hood, a radiator grille, footboards and lighting devices, characterized in that that the body is frameless, and its elements are placed above the surface of the chassis frame. 2. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the body is made of a multilayer composite material, and the drive axles are driven from the front and rear transfer cases. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the sidewalls of the body are flat and the middle drive axle is equipped with a parking disc brake. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that the body hood is made with symmetrical trapezoidal recesses on the sides and holes on the side adjacent to the windshield and is located essentially above the front wheels, and the front transfer case is equipped with a through shaft. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that the wings of the front wheels are made with protrusions for lighting devices, and the rear wall of the body is equipped with openings symmetrical to the rear door.

Description

The technical solution relates to self-propelled vehicles, primarily to all-terrain vehicles, and in particular to the power structural elements of their carcasses and bodies made mainly of synthetic materials, as well as to the location or installation of their transmissions differing in the arrangement or arrangement of drive shafts. The use of such all-terrain vehicles in agriculture, in the exploration, development and production of oil and gas, for example, in the natural and climatic conditions of Western Siberia and the North, allows people to move along weakly bearing soils and water, as well as various cargoes with minimal material resources.

The all-terrain vehicle PETROVICH 354-60 (6 × 6) EKOTRANS LLC (see the website of the company http://www.petrovichauto.ru) has a frame made of bent closed steel profiles and its panels in the form of a sandwich made of sheet aluminum and foam covered with soft materials. PETROVICH’s body is made one-volume, with an inner room pulled over the front wings, the head lighting devices are installed on the front under the windshield, and the side door openings are located behind the side windows located directly above the wings of the front wheels. A free layout provides comfort for passengers, however, the large amount of interior space of the cabin makes it very heavy, which reduces its operational characteristics. The bodies are assembled on a fast basis using modular technology carried out by highly qualified personnel. As indicated in the magazine, these models are made on specialized equipment, which inevitably leads to unnecessary costs.

An off-road vehicle according to RU 38134 contains a cargo-passenger compartment, a frame, an engine, a gearbox, a transfer case, axles, final drives and driveshafts. It employs 6 wheels with tires of dimension 1300 × 600 × 533, while the front axle is shifted forward by 350 mm and suspended from springs. To implement the 6 × 6 all-wheel drive and provide the necessary torque, two gearboxes are connected together through an adapter and a splined clutch, while a third bridge and a second transfer case are added. Such an abundance of units complicates the transmission and reduces its efficiency.

The passenger-and-freight vehicle according to RU 38553 is characterized by a triaxial chassis with large-sized tire tires, the presence of a body with a pallet and a glazed cabin. The wheels independently suspended from the body are open, which leads to rapid pollution of the driver's cab and passenger compartment.

There are 6 × 6 wheeled all-terrain vehicles with a carrier system and the transmission of which is made similar to crawler ones. So an all-terrain vehicle, according to RU 53226, contains a waterproof casing, a running gear, an engine with a gearbox and low pressure wheels. The transmission of torque to the wheels is provided by two final drives, each of which contains a caliper with a brake disc, which is connected via a shaft to the main angular gear, which in turn is connected to the angular gears via cardan shafts. At the same time, maneuvering is carried out by an onboard turn, which is not effective.

Another transmission scheme is used in all-terrain vehicles according to GB 2187690 and US 4821825. The compact arrangement of drive shafts and transfer boxes allows it to be carried out in a small size, but this leads to an increase in the working angles of the hinges, which reduces their reliability.

The all-terrain vehicle according to RU 53999, contains a frame with a ZMZ 406 power unit, a transfer case, a cabin and a loading platform from a GAZ 330273 vehicle. Driving axles allow one to implement a 6 × 6 wheel arrangement in the MTZ-82 tractor , therefore, they increase the mass of the vehicle, and their rigid mounting on the frame reduces cross-country ability and overloads the supporting system. This is confirmed in RU 100998, where the drive axles are already on a dependent spring suspension with trailing arms. A centralized tire inflation system has also been applied. However, it was not possible to get rid of excess weight, which led to the installation of displacement dodgers in the bow and sides.

The body of the amphibious all-terrain vehicle according to RU 64140, riveted from sheets of light metals and divided into volumes, to accommodate units and crew. Through an elastic suspension, it rests on wheels with low pressure tires. The transmission of torque from the engine to the main gears of the driving axles is carried out through the gearbox, cardan gears and transfer boxes arranged in series. The first transfer case has one disconnectable output flange leading the propeller, and the second output flange is connected to the input flange of the second transfer case having a two-stage transmission and a differential lock, the output flanges of which are connected to the input flanges of the third and fourth transfer boxes having the same design, as the second transfer case. All this not only increases the mass of the all-terrain vehicle, but also reduces the overall efficiency of the transmission.

A three-axle self-propelled special-purpose vehicle of modular design according to BY 3855 contains a supporting frame, a power unit, a transmission, a running gear with wheels on ultra-low pressure tires and a cab. Special equipment is installed on the frame, while the frame is made integral and contains the main supporting frame and the half frame, which are made with the possibility of communication with each other by means of a detachable connection to form a single structure. Although the aforementioned units with a cab are installed on the main supporting frame, and on the semi-frame special equipment and an additional axle with wheels, the absence of a single rigid supporting structure reduces the reliability of the self-propelled vehicle.

In some cases, the power structural elements of the frames and bodies of all-terrain vehicles are made of synthetic materials.

It has long been known for a floating car according to SU 142895. It contains the inner and outer shells of the body, the space between which is filled with a self-foaming substance (polyurethane foam), which binds the shells in a three-layer structure. This increases its buoyancy, however, the implementation of its body is completely load-bearing, complicates the placement and fastening of the vehicle’s transmission units. The whole-molded floor of the vehicle cabin according to RU 8669 has an upper decorative surface made of plastic, an intermediate layer of a cellular structure and a power layer made of metal. The pick-up insert according to US 4396219, along with its three-layer construction, has ribs to increase rigidity. The composite floor of the semi-trailer according to US 5772276 is a three-layer structure with outer layers between which the filler is placed. And the plastic roof according to US 6168231 is made of a two-layer.

However, more often, bodies with external non-metallic panels are reinforced with an additional frame.

So the car according to RU 74886, contains a tubular frame and synthetic panels fixed to it. And the floor, roof and side walls, a plastic body made in one piece, according to RU 2060191 with a frame mounted on the chassis frame, are suitable for the production of only small-sized, light vehicles. Sometimes bodies made of polymer material (see RU 98390) have a sealed honeycomb structure.

The implementation of the interior of all-terrain vehicles and other vehicles from multilayer panels due to their greater rigidity with a relatively low weight.

From US 4,440,434, an automobile body with plastic forming panels and a method for connecting them are known. An open fiberglass car body according to US 4491362 has, moreover, a low weight, but it requires the use of a separate frame as a supporting element. The one-piece body of a pickup car according to US 4705716 is made of lightweight, high-strength multilayer composite material. In this case, the stiffness is distributed unevenly over the thickness of the material and is made larger on one side. The modular construction of the plastic body according to US 7287797 is easy to assemble and easy to install on the chassis frame, however, it is not functional due to its low capacity. A fiberglass body with supporting elements (stiffeners) and their connection are presented in US 7341298. Composite body panels according to US 2004104601 are intended for installation on a car’s spatial frame. The vehicle body according to DE 3838686 has sandwich panels formed with carcass elements connecting individual modules into the body shell. The combined modular construction according to EP 891910 consists of stamped sections and composite panels. In EP 0864483, a vehicle body consists of a base, a roof, two elongated sidewalls connected to the base and the roof, which are made of sandwich panels and connected to each other.

The body shape of the all-terrain vehicle, the location and size of the openings, the implementation of plumage and moving elements have a significant impact on its performance.

The off-road vehicle body according to RU 63354 is made in the form of a truncated pyramid with circular glazing, while the windshields are tilted back and divided in the middle. The side claddings of the body and the cargo module consist of flat panels with glazing. The hood is tilted down from the windshields. The placement of headlights above the windshields, under the front bumper, above the front bumper between the ribs, and under the hood cover with the placement of additional yellow lighting devices on the sides of the hood and at the corners of the roof improves the illumination around the body and makes it more noticeable, but does not take into account the requirements for installing light appliances. Equipping the door with the rear wall of the cargo module, and placing the side doors at a distance from each other simplifies access to the body. At the same time, the placement between the side doors of the middle wheel arches narrows the useful space in the middle part of the body, and the combination of the cabin with the side swing doors and the cargo module creates inconvenience during its operation.

The one-piece monocoque of the multi-purpose vehicle cabin on ultra-low pressure tires according to RU 72631, 72632 and 72633, is placed on the frame between the axles of the chassis. The multifunctional vehicle according to EP 1816058 is equipped with a cab mounted above the chassis frame. And the modular design of the amphibian carrier body according to EP 1839918 is also universal. The body of an all-terrain vehicle according to RU 77244, contains a cabin with side doors, front and side glazing, in front of which a hood compartment is formed. Behind the cabin is a car-type saloon with sidewalls along which niches are formed to accommodate pneumatic wheels, as well as a rear door to enter the saloon. The body is made in the form of an airtight box, on which there is a cabin and a car-type saloon, with a frame made of profiles, to which aluminum flat sheets are riveted.

The operational characteristics of the technical solutions of the bodies, made mainly of synthetic materials, do not allow the creation of a simple and reliable all-terrain vehicle with a 6 × 6 wheel arrangement at low costs for its production, in addition, they do not meet the stringent requirements for all-terrain vehicles.

The supporting system of the all-terrain vehicle, perceives the main loads from the transported goods, as well as the loads transmitted by the suspension system from the road surface, and serves to mount the transmission units.

In some cases, the all-terrain vehicle frame and its elements are tubular (see, for example, SU 1134456, RU 61239 and US 7192081, as well as WO 2005066010 and 2006057765). In turn, by closing the profile for vehicles according to RU 2048349, US 6712392 and 7216924, WO 2004028885 and 2006040732, it would be possible to increase buoyancy, but this is difficult and unreliable.

A known frame of wheeled vehicles according to RU 52805 and 53981, having spars connected with each other by spacers made with walls and shelves, the cross members being located in the area of the drive shafts and the frame is hermetically closed by a box-like casing with plate end walls. This solution allows, in relation to RU 2163209, to increase its bending stiffness by local reinforcement in the zones of the crossbars and to seal the frame, and like in an off-road wheeled vehicle according to RU 52777 with transfer boxes for driving wheels on ultra-low pressure tires, attach all units under the crossbars in volume frames, which is hardly advisable to use in vehicles with ultra-low pressure tires.

The relatively large dimensions of the wheels of all-terrain vehicles lead to a noticeable reduction, primarily of the transverse dimensions of the chassis frames, which reduces their rigidity. However, as with vehicles with a spinal frame (see, for example, US 2305305 and UK 1179141). Frames of the beam type according to RU 2133686 have greater rigidity, as well as frames with a closed circuit (see, for example, US 3499661), but their weight and material consumption are large.

The frames of agricultural machines according to US 4488732 and FR 2540452 are performed taking into account the specifics of their application. This applies equally to the all-terrain vehicle according to RU 17485, and to the small-sized tractor vehicle according to RU 2271956. In the UK 1337555, the frame due to the increased dimensions of the side members in the cross section has greater rigidity, but this increases the weight of the structure and leads to increased costs in production. The tubular spatial design of the frame according to DE 10045748, as well as the frame of a light freight vehicle according to US 6935453, has a low weight but insufficient strength for use in off-road conditions. The three-level design of the all-terrain vehicle frame according to RU 60029 is due to the features of the suspension. It is difficult to manufacture, and the chassis has an increased center of gravity, which adversely affects the stability of the vehicle.

Therefore, the stiffer and stronger the frame of the all-terrain vehicle, the higher its operational properties, while the above technical solutions do not always allow to simplify the manufacture, fastening and connection of chassis units and assemblies.

There are various technical solutions for suspension systems (suspensions), but not all of them are acceptable for all-terrain vehicles.

So the front suspension is often performed on double wishbones (see RU 2241608 and 2333843, JP 3847503 and 3931097, US 6866276, 6948707, 6976688, 7137634, 7185903 and 7234712, as well as WO 2005030509). However, these designs are not sufficiently adapted for use on all-terrain vehicles. Suspension according to GB 2410929 is made with two shock absorbers and a horizontally positioned pneumatic elastic element, the force on which is transmitted by a linkage. Suspension according to JP 3694961, made with an elastic element pivotally mounted on the wheel hub, has the insufficient strength for off-road use, as well as suspensions according to WO 2006029000, 2007101569 with a hydropneumatic elastic element. In addition, they are not suitable for use with large tires. As for the independent suspension of the vehicle wheels according to RU 398420, its mass and dimensions in the transverse direction are large, and this leads to an unjustified increase in the gauge, while the use of dual pneumohydraulic elastic elements makes the design too expensive. The front wheel suspension according to WO 2005115789 with elastic elements arranged sequentially inside the wheel is acceptable only for light urban cars. And the amphibious suspension with rising wheels according to GB 2419326 takes into account the features of operation, but it is difficult to manufacture and unreliable. The diagonal link suspension of the rear wheels (see DE 10258023, JP 3785920 and US 5685556 and 6843492) is most often used for vehicles operating on paved roads.

Dependent suspensions according to RU 2192969, 2214926 and 2259926 are too bulky. Spring suspension according to DE 10323732 is simple, but not reliable enough for an all-terrain vehicle. Functional but complex, the rear axle spring suspension is in accordance with EP 1564035 with a wide longitudinal arm that simultaneously protects the main gear housing. One trailing arm is also used in the dependent suspension according to US 6976553, however, springs are used here as elastic elements. The single leaf spring of the dependent suspension according to US 7213825 has a low load capacity. In the suspension of the rear drive axle (see EP 1607249), pneumatic cylinders are used as elastic elements, which is unreliable in off-road conditions, and in JP 2003335119 they are installed together with springs. Powerful trailing arms of the dependent suspension according to US 7270341 increase its reliability, but at the same time the unsprung mass increases, which adversely affects the handling of the all-terrain vehicle. There is a rigid bridge for an all-terrain vehicle according to RU 2080267. It is curved in the form of an inverted letter V, which provides increased ground clearance compared to a conventional bridge. This slightly increases the cross-country ability of an all-terrain vehicle on ordinary tires, but for an all-terrain vehicle on ultra-low pressure tires, where the ground clearance is ensured by the diameter of the tires, this design complication is not justified.

Thus, when creating a simple and reliable all-terrain vehicle design, it is most expedient to carry out its dependent suspension, with springs as elastic elements.

Various technical solutions for the implementation of all-wheel drive on triaxial all-terrain vehicles have long been known.

So in US 2158320, 2395108 and 2804158 for this used transfer case with three output shafts. In US 2267562, a middle axle is used, and in US 3083782 the transfer case is made in the same housing as the middle axle, from which the rear axle is driven, a similar solution is used in US 4050534. In some cases, it is possible to unify a 6 × 6 wheel drive transmission with 4 transmission × 4 (see US 3773130), a similar solution is also applied in US 5950750, where the 6 × 6 wheel arrangement is implemented on the basis of a 4 × 4 transmission. And in US 8079602 provides the possibility of modular connection of the third drive axle with subframe. Various kinematic schemes of all-wheel drive for a three-axle all-terrain vehicle are presented in US 7464779, however, they are all difficult to implement. The transmission of a three-axle vehicle according to RU 9418, contains a gearbox, gearbox, transfer case, cardan gears and drive axles of the wheel drive. The gearbox, located between the gearbox and the transfer case, provides the necessary torque on the wheels, however, the use of viscous couplings in the front and middle axle drives does not allow to realize it fully and also reduces the reliability of the transmission.

The chassis of an off-road wheeled vehicle according to RU 52777, contains a rectangular frame with spars connected by cross members, on which the main transfer gearbox is mounted, driven by the engine, the output shafts of which are connected by cardan gears to the differentials of the front and rear drive axles, as well as the steering wheel drive front and rear drive axles and suspension wheels. In this case, the wheel shafts from the differentials are passed through holes in the vertical walls of the side members and are connected to the wheels through final drives. The suspension of each wheel is independent. It is made with a third drive axle, located between the front and rear drive axles, and an additional transfer case, the output shafts of which are connected by cardan gears with the differentials of the third and rear drive axles for driving wheels on ultra-low pressure tires, and the input shaft - with the output shaft of the main transfer case front drive axle drive boxes. The spars are interconnected by three main cross members to which the crankcase of the corresponding drive axle is attached. The main transfer case is located between the front and third drive axles and is attached to the side members in the middle cross member area, and the additional transfer case is located between the third and rear drive axles and is attached at an angle to the side members. Moreover, all bridges are made the same in design. The wheel suspension is made in the form of a spring located perpendicular to the spar, one end fixed to the spar or cross member, and the other with the final drive housing. Cardan shafts are located along the inside of one of the side members.

Despite the numerous technical solutions cited, there is no simple and reliable design of an all-terrain vehicle with a 6 × 6 wheel arrangement, at low costs for its production.

An amphibious vehicle according to RU 70851 is known, comprising a housing, a power unit with a power take-off shaft, a power take-off box, drive axles with wheels and suspension elements, and an additional water propulsion device associated with the power take-off shaft. The amphibian hull consists of a segmented sealed boat frame with a frame on which a transformable plastic body is mounted. The drive axles are split and have independent air suspension of the wheels with adjustable clearance. This increases the amphibian cross, but increases the cost of the structure and reduces its reliability. Planetary wheel gearboxes are equipped with an automatic wheel inflation system, and axle gearboxes have a locking mechanism. The gearbox is made with a nozzle in which the sixth gear is installed, the power take-off shafts for the compressor and the water propeller and the mechanism of the rigid interaxal locking, which is functional, but there is a need to additionally supply the boat with a purge and cooling system for the main units, which is an additional complication of the design.

The task is to create a simple and reliable all-terrain vehicle design with a 6 × 6 wheel arrangement at low costs for its production.

Creating a simple and reliable design of an all-terrain vehicle with a 6 × 6 wheel arrangement at low costs for its production is ensured by the rational execution of its body and the placement of transmission units.

To do this, in an all-terrain vehicle containing an all-wheel drive frame chassis with a power unit, through a drivetrain, it drives dependent sprung wheels with ultra-low pressure tires, as well as a two-volume body mounted on the chassis equipped with doors, wings, a hood, a radiator grill, footrests and lighting devices, the body is frameless , and its elements are placed above the surface of the chassis frame.

The performance of the body is frameless, and the placement of its elements above the surface of the chassis frame, in an all-terrain vehicle containing an all-wheel drive frame chassis with a power unit, through a drivetrain transmits dependent sprung wheels with ultra-low pressure tires, as well as a two-volume body mounted on the chassis equipped with doors, wings, hood, grille radiator, steps and lighting devices, allowed to achieve a technical result, namely to create a simple and reliable design of an all-terrain vehicle with a wheel formula of 6 × 6 When low cost to produce it, since the performance of frameless body, and placing its components on the chassis frame surface simplifies the construction and operation of all-terrain vehicle complies with the conditions.

It also contributes to the fact that the body is made of multilayer composite material, and the drive axles are driven from the front and rear transfer cases.

Making the sidewalls of the body flat, and equipping the middle drive axle with a parking disc brake simplifies manufacturing and improves the safety of the all-terrain vehicle.

Increasing rigidity and improving ventilation is facilitated by the fact that the body hood is made with symmetrical trapezoidal recesses on the sides and openings on the side adjacent to the windshield, while placing it substantially above the front wheels simplifies the layout, and equipping the front transfer case with a through shaft allows you to drive the third the bridge.

The implementation of the wings of the front wheels with protrusions allows you to place lighting devices in them, and equipping the rear wall of the body with openings symmetrical to the rear door increases the convenience of operating the all-terrain vehicle.

Depicted on:

figure 1 - the chassis of the all-terrain vehicle (view 3/4);

figure 2 - the chassis of the all-terrain vehicle (side view);

figure 3 - the chassis of the all-terrain vehicle (top view);

figure 4 - all-terrain vehicle;

figure 5 - section of the body of the all-terrain vehicle;

6 - Mounting of the parking disc brake;

Fig.7 - Front;

Fig - Front transfer case;

The all-terrain vehicle contains an all-wheel drive frame chassis 1 and a two-volume body 7. The power unit 2, through the axle transmission 3 leads dependently 4 sprung wheels 5 with tires 6 ultra-low pressure. A two-volume body 7 equipped with doors 8, wings 9, a hood 10, a grill 11 of a radiator 12, footboards 13 and lighting devices 14 is mounted on the chassis 1. In this case, the body 7 is frameless and its elements are placed above the surface of the frame 15 of the chassis 1.

The execution of the body 7 is frameless, and the placement of its elements above the surface of the frame 15 of the chassis 1, in an all-terrain vehicle containing an all-wheel drive frame chassis 1 with a power unit 2, through a bridge transmission 3 drives dependently 4 sprung wheels 5 with tires 6 ultra-low pressure, as well as mounted on the chassis 1 a two-volume body 7 equipped with doors 8, wings 9, a hood 10, a grille 11 of a radiator 12, footboards 13 and lighting devices 14, made it possible to achieve a technical result, namely, to create a simple and reliable all-terrain vehicle design with 6 × 6 wheel arrangement at low costs for its manufacture, since the execution of the body 7 is frameless, and the placement of its elements above the surface of the frame 15 of the chassis 1 simplifies the design and meets the operating conditions of the all-terrain vehicle.

The body 7 is made of a multilayer composite material 16, and the drive axles 17 are driven from the front 18 and rear 19 transfer boxes.

The sidewalls 20 of the body are flat, and the middle drive axle 21 is equipped with a parking disc brake 22.

The hood of the body is made with symmetrical trapezoidal recesses 23 on the sides and holes 24 on the side adjacent to the windshield 25 and is placed essentially above the front wheels, and the front transfer case is equipped with a passage shaft 26.

The wings of the front wheels are made with protrusions 27 under the lighting devices, and the rear wall 28 of the body is equipped with openings 29 symmetrical to the rear door 30.

The all-terrain vehicle functions like this.

The all-terrain vehicle is controlled by the driver, acting on the power unit 2 of the four-wheel drive frame chassis 1. In turn, the power unit 2, through the axle transmission 3, drives 4 sprung wheels 5 with extra-low pressure tires 6. Further, from the front 18 and rear 19 of the transfer case, the torque is transmitted to the drive axles 17. To accommodate people and goods, a two-volume frameless body 7 is made of multilayer composite material 16, the elements of which are located above the surface of the chassis frame 15 1. Access to the inside of the body 7 is provided doors 8 and footboards 13, and ease of use and functionality increases its equipping with wings 9, hood 10, grille 11 of radiator 12, and lighting devices 14.

At the same time, the simplicity and reliability of the design of an all-terrain vehicle with a 6 × 6 wheel arrangement is ensured at low costs for its production, because the body 7 is made frameless, and its elements are placed above the surface of the frame 15 of the chassis 1.

Claims (5)

1. An all-terrain vehicle containing an all-wheel drive frame chassis with a power unit, through a drivetrain, bringing dependent sprung wheels with ultra-low pressure tires, as well as a two-volume body mounted on the chassis, equipped with doors, fenders, a hood, a radiator grille, footboards and lighting devices, characterized in that that the body is frameless, and its elements are placed above the surface of the chassis frame. 2. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the body is made of a multilayer composite material, and the drive axles are driven from the front and rear transfer cases. 3. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the sidewalls of the body are flat and the middle drive axle is equipped with a parking disc brake. 4. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that the body hood is made with symmetrical trapezoidal recesses on the sides and holes on the side adjacent to the windshield and is located essentially above the front wheels, and the front transfer case is equipped with a through shaft. 5. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that the wings of the front wheels are made with protrusions for lighting devices, and the rear wall of the body is equipped with openings symmetrical to the rear door.

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