RU124652U1 - BODY OF VEHICLE VEHICLE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The body of an all-terrain vehicle containing a skeleton with openings, plumage and movable elements, characterized in that the skeleton and movable elements are made of material with variable stiffness, while the outermost layer has the greatest rigidity. 2. The body according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a hood located essentially above the front wings from the protrusions of the front lighting devices to the lower boundary of the windshield opening. The body according to claim 2, characterized in that the hood is made with trapezoidal recesses on the sides and holes on the side adjacent to the windshield opening. The body according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that openings for lighting devices are made on the front wings and the back wall of the skeleton. 5. The body according to claim 4, characterized in that on the back wall of the skeleton openings are made symmetrically to the opening of the back door.

Description

The technical solution relates to the power structural elements of carcasses and bodies of vehicles, differing in the material used for their manufacture, and primarily to bodies made mainly of synthetic materials.

Known bodywork and cabs of all-terrain vehicles made of polymer composite materials. So the design of an all-plastic frameless cabin of a panel-shell type (see p. 394 Design of all-wheel drive wheeled vehicles: in 2 tons, T.2. Under the general editorship of A.A. Polungyan. - M: Publishing House of MSTU named after N. .E.Baumana, 2000. - 640 p.) Due to the need to reduce the mass of the vehicle and the small-scale nature of its production, also applies to the cabs of wheeled vehicles ZIL-135, as well as to the supporting body made of polymer composite materials of the transport amphibian ZIL-135P.

The following requirements are imposed on body structures: ensuring strength, rigidity and durability with a minimum weight, high adaptability and low cost. In addition, it is necessary to protect people from environmental influences (precipitation, temperature fluctuations, etc.), ergonomics and aesthetics.

Composite materials are widely used both in the production of bodies in general, and for the manufacture of their individual elements. Most fully, the advantages of such structures can be realized using polymer composite materials.

The body of a floating car has long been known according to SU 142895. It contains the inner and outer shells of the body, the space between which is filled with a self-foaming substance (polyurethane foam), which binds the shells in a monolithic three-layer structure. This increases its buoyancy, as well as strength and stiffness, however, the implementation of it completely bearing, complicates the placement and fastening of the vehicle transmission units.

The vehicle body panel according to SU 1729882 is made of foamed metal (aluminum or titanium alloy), while it is performed with a gradual increase in the density of the material from the base to the outer surface of the panel with the formation of flanges and the placement of fasteners on the inner layer. This reduces its weight and increases strength, however, the use of aluminum or titanium alloys increases the cost of its manufacture, in contrast to polymer composite materials, which are much cheaper. The three-layer panel according to SU 561688 is formed by two outer layers and an inner layer with stiffeners. To give an alternating curvature in the inner layer, slots are made from two sides to the median plane, directed normal to the outer layers. The whole-molded floor of the vehicle cabin according to RU 8669 has an upper decorative surface made of plastic, an intermediate layer of a cellular structure and a power layer made of metal. The pick-up insert according to US 4396219, along with its three-layer construction, has ribs to increase rigidity. The composite floor of the semi-trailer according to US 5772276 is a three-layer structure with outer layers between which the filler is placed. And the plastic roof according to US 6168231 is made of a two-layer.

Often car bodies with external non-metallic panels are reinforced with an additional frame.

The vehicle according to RU 74886, contains a tubular frame with longitudinal, transverse and vertical elements and synthetic panels fixed on it, with a removable module installed in the rear part on the longitudinal frame elements, while the supporting frame and sidewall modules are rigidly interconnected, and the rear module made detachable. Synthetic panels are mounted on the frame by detachable connection without connecting them to each other. The space between the longitudinal and vertical elements of the sidewall modules is filled with foamed polyurethane foam with fiberglass filler. The implementation of the module of the rear part is removable and folding facilitates access to the space of the rear part and its mounting on the frame, however, the fact that the synthetic hinged panels are connected only with the frame elements and are not connected to each other, reduces the rigidity of the body, which reduces its reliability and safety. The floor, roof and side walls of a plastic body made in one piece in accordance with RU 2060191 with the frame of the inside of the body mounted on the chassis frame meet the production conditions of small-sized, light vehicles only.

The body of the polymer material of the vehicle according to RU 98390, contains, floor, side walls, roof, doors and windows. It is made of thermoplastic polymer material by extrusion and has an internal sealed honeycomb structure. The implementation of this body of polymer material, which contains modifying additives that allow you to change the operational properties of a thermoplastic polymer to obtain a composite material with specified parameters, is unlikely to improve the performance properties of the body itself.

The execution of the interior of various vehicles from multilayer panels due to their greater rigidity. The trailer hull is in accordance with US 3788682, and is quite simple. And from US 4440434, an automobile body with plastic form-forming panels is known, and a method for connecting them. An open fiberglass car body according to US 4491362 has, moreover, a low weight, but it requires the use of a separate frame as a supporting element. The one-piece body of a pickup car according to US 4705716 is made of lightweight, high-strength multilayer composite material. Moreover, the stiffness is unevenly distributed over the thickness of the material and is made larger on one side. The body of a railway carriage (see, US 5433151) is also made of honeycomb panels. The modular design of the plastic body according to US 7287797 is easy to assemble and easy to install on the chassis frame, however, it is not very functional due to its low capacity. A fiberglass body with supporting elements (stiffeners) and their connection are presented in US 7341298. Composite body panels according to US 2004104601 are intended for installation on a car’s spatial frame. The bus body made of composite materials according to WO 2007056840 is a modular design. Structurally similar to it is the vehicle body according to DE 3838686, having sandwich panels formed with carcass elements that form separate modules, which, in conjunction with other modules, form a body shell. The combined modular construction according to EP 891910 consists of stamped sections and composite panels. In EP 0864483, a vehicle body consists of a base, a roof, two elongated sidewalls connected to the base and the roof, which are made of sandwich panels and connected to each other.

Along with the material, layout decisions influence the performance characteristics of all-terrain vehicle bodies. This is, in particular, the shape of the frame, the location and size of the openings, the implementation of the plumage and its moving elements.

The body of the all-terrain vehicle PETROVICH 354-60 (6 × 6) EKOTRANS LLC (see the company's website http://www.petrovichauto.ru) has a frame made of bent closed steel profiles and its panel in the form of a sandwich made of sheet aluminum and foam sheathed with soft materials. PETROVICH’s body is made one-volume, with an inner room pulled over the front wings, the head lighting devices are installed on the front under the windshield, and the side door openings are located behind the side windows located directly above the wings of the front wheels. A free layout provides comfort for passengers, however, the large amount of interior space of the cabin makes it very heavy, which reduces its operational characteristics. The bodies are assembled on a fast basis using modular technology carried out by highly qualified personnel. As indicated in the magazine, these models are made on specialized equipment, which inevitably leads to unnecessary costs.

The basis of the body of the all-terrain vehicle VIKING ATON IMPULSE LLC LLC (see the company's website http://www.atonimpulse.com) is a two-level spatial frame welded from square metal pipes. The body is made essentially two-volume with panoramic frontal glazing and a stepped roof. The location of the driver in the center and its shift to the front axle is due to the central motor layout of the VIKING with the placement of the engine in the cabin, which reduces the interior space of the body, worsening its performance. The wings are raised to the level of the hood, and the headlights are built into the front lining, while the openings of the side doors are located within the base. This design has the minimum necessary rigidity, due to the integration of the steel frame into the overall power structure of the fiberglass body, however, the use of cheap steel profile, from which the frames of lightweight stalls are made, reduces strength, and therefore safety. At the same time, it is not possible to obtain a significant gain in body weight.

The body of the off-road vehicle according to RU 63353, 63354 is made in the form of a truncated pyramid with circular glazing, while the windshields are tilted back and divided in the middle. The side claddings of the body and the cargo module consist of flat panels with glazing. The hood is tilted down from the windshields. The placement of headlights above the windshields, under the front bumper, above the front bumper between the ribs, and under the hood cover with the placement of additional yellow lighting devices on the sides of the hood and at the corners of the roof improves the illumination around the body and makes it more noticeable, but does not take into account the requirements for installing light appliances. Equipping the door with the rear wall of the cargo module, and placing the side doors at a distance from each other simplifies access to the body. At the same time, the placement between the side doors of the middle wheel arches narrows the useful space in the middle part of the body, and the combination of the cabin with the side swing doors and the cargo module creates inconvenience during its operation.

The cab in accordance with EN 67175 for wheeled vehicles has a skeleton with curved sides, smooth conjugation of the roof with the front and rear walls, doors located on the side walls, windows with perimeter glazing and a sunroof located on the roof. The sloping roof tapers smoothly in the front direction, and the smooth rounding of corners and ribs add to the attractiveness of the rectangular, in essence, cabin shape. However, the amount of internal space is unacceptably small, so it is not very functional.

The same applies to the monofocus monocoque of the multi-purpose vehicle cabin on ultra-low pressure tires according to RU 72631, 72632 and 72633, placed on the frame between the axles of the chassis. The cab has two doors that open in the direction of travel, a large glazing area, a sunroof and a hood in front of the cab with two platforms for placing headlights, symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. The implementation of the front flaps on the front wheels and the absence of the rear wings poorly protects the cabin from pollution, which affects its performance and functionality of the vehicle itself.

The body of an all-terrain vehicle according to RU 50655 is characterized by a three-door saloon, a hood tilted forward, and the presence of straight vertical side and rear walls of the body. A wide door in the rear wall of the body, a sunroof and the presence of front and rear wings with the arrangement of round light devices, as well as the connection of the wings with wide footrests increase the usability of the body, but a divided windshield and a small volume of the interior limit the functionality of this body.

The body of an all-terrain vehicle according to RU 77244, contains a cabin with side doors, front and side glazing, in front of which a hood compartment is formed. Behind the cabin is a car-type saloon with sidewalls along which niches are formed to accommodate pneumatic wheels, as well as a rear door to enter the saloon. The body is made of the lower part in the form of an airtight box, on which there is a car-type cabin and a salon, with a frame made of profiles to which aluminum flat sheets are riveted. At the same time, the cab is separated from the car-type compartment by a transverse partition, which, along with the design of the cab of a smaller width than the compartment, significantly reduces functionality. The implementation of the rear door hinged up creates additional inconvenience when using the body.

Thus, the operational characteristics of numerous technical solutions for vehicle bodies that differ in the material used for their manufacture, and especially bodies made of synthetic materials, do not meet the stringent requirements for all-terrain vehicle bodies.

Known supporting structure of the car according to RU 2093403, having a body mounted on the frame with a motor compartment and a passenger compartment with openings. The body has stiffeners that form a frame that is connected to the frame by a detachable joint and an adhesive joint with a casing, while the stiffeners are made of metal and the casing is made of a polymer composite material. The racks of the frame are interconnected by cross members. The frame in the back with a sheath made of a polymer composite material, of course, gives it additional rigidity, however, if there is a separate frame, it unreasonably increases the mass of the supporting structure. And the implementation of a single element of the outer parts of the casing - the roof, sidewalls, front and rear panels, requires increased accuracy of their manufacture and complicates installation on the frame, which is not technologically advanced, moreover, if one element is damaged, it will be necessary to replace the entire casing, which undoubtedly worsens it operational characteristics.

The task is to improve the performance of the body of an all-terrain vehicle.

Improving the performance of an all-terrain vehicle body is ensured by the choice of material and its rational use.

For this, in the body of an all-terrain vehicle containing a skeleton with openings, plumage and movable elements, the skeleton and movable elements are made of material with variable stiffness, while the outermost layer has the greatest rigidity.

Such three-layer polymer composite structures, consisting of two outer layers and an inner filler layer, have a sufficiently high rigidity, with a relatively small thickness of the outer and inner fiberglass panels. As the filler layer, for example, honeycomb panels made of polypropylene, as well as PVC foam sheet, can be used. Most fully, their advantages can be realized when creating bodies of all-terrain vehicles.

The implementation of the skeleton and movable elements from a material with variable stiffness, with the greatest rigidity at the outer layer, in the body of an all-terrain vehicle containing a skeleton with openings, plumage and movable elements made it possible to achieve a technical result, namely, to improve the performance characteristics of the body of an all-terrain vehicle, since skeleton and movable elements from a material with variable stiffness, with the highest stiffness of the outer layer, fully complies with the conditions of explo ouatment of the body of an all-terrain vehicle.

The material for the outer shells of the body can be polyester or epoxy fiberglass, which has a low specific gravity, sufficiently high strength, heat and sound insulation and anti-corrosion properties, ease of molding, the possibility of coloring the material in bulk without subsequent external painting and good maintainability. Such a body can easily be given in the process of its manufacture the necessary geometric shape, providing functionality and improved performance characteristics of the body.

The same thing contributes to the fact that the body is equipped with a hood located essentially above the front wings from the protrusions of the front lighting devices to the lower boundary of the windshield opening.

The execution of the hood with trapezoidal recesses on the sides and holes on the side adjacent to the windshield opening improves engine cooling, as well as the appearance of the body.

The implementation of openings for lighting devices on the front wings and the back wall of the skeleton is functional, because Meets safety and ergonomic requirements.

Increasing the ease of use of the body contributes to the execution on the rear wall of the skeleton of the openings symmetrically to the opening of the rear door.

Body panels can be made by contact, spraying or stamping. Production of such bodies can be organized in the shortest possible time without large capital expenditures using unskilled workers.

Depicted on:

figure 1 - the skeleton of the body;

figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the body;

figure 3 - Body;

figure 4 - Cross section of the body;

5 is a fragment of the upper part of the body;

6 is a fragment of the lower part of the body;

FIG. 7 - Front;

FIG. 8 - back wall;

The body of an all-terrain vehicle contains a skeleton 1 (Fig. 1) with openings 2 (Fig. 2), a plumage 3 (Fig. 3) and movable elements 4. The skeleton 1 and the movable elements 4 are made of material 5 (Fig. 4) with a variable rigidity, while the greatest rigidity is made at the outer layer 6 (Fig.5 and 6).

The implementation of the skeleton 1 and the movable elements 4 of the material 5 with variable stiffness, with the greatest rigidity at the outer layer 6, in the body of an all-terrain vehicle containing the skeleton 1 with openings 2, the plumage 3 and the movable elements 4 made it possible to achieve a technical result, namely to improve operational body characteristics of an all-terrain vehicle, since the implementation of the skeleton 1 and the movable elements 4 of material 5 with variable stiffness, with the greatest stiffness of the outer layer 6, fully meets the conditions m Operating Body-terrain vehicle.

The body is equipped with a hood 7 located essentially above the front wings 8 from the protrusions 9 of the front lighting devices to the lower boundary 10 of the windshield opening 11.

The implementation of the hood 7 with trapezoidal recesses 12 (Fig. 7) on the sides and holes 13 on the side adjacent to the opening 11 of the windshield, improves engine cooling and the appearance of the body.

Apertures 15 and 16 for lighting devices on the front wings and the rear wall 14 (Fig. 8) of the skeleton, as well as the openings 17 symmetrically to the aperture 18 of the rear door 19, made on the back wall of the skeleton meets the requirements of safety, ergonomics and improves the performance characteristics of the body of an all-terrain vehicle .

The body operates as follows.

The body of an all-terrain vehicle is designed to accommodate passengers and cargo inside the skeleton 1. This is convenient, because the body is equipped with openings 2, and the movable elements 4 improve its operational characteristics. For this, the frame 1 and the movable elements 4 are made of material 5 with variable stiffness, while the outermost layer 6 has the greatest rigidity. Access to the engine compartment is simplified by the hood 7 located essentially above the front wings 8 from the protrusions 9 of the front lighting devices to the lower boundary 10 aperture 11 windshield. The openings 15 and 16 on the front wings 8 and the rear wall 14 of the skeleton allow you to place lighting equipment. The functionality of the body extends the execution on the rear wall of the skeleton of the openings 17 symmetrically to the opening 18 of the rear door 19.

Claims (5)

1. The body of an all-terrain vehicle containing a skeleton with openings, plumage and movable elements, characterized in that the skeleton and movable elements are made of material with variable stiffness, while the outermost layer has the greatest rigidity. 2. The body according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a hood located essentially above the front wings from the protrusions of the front lighting devices to the lower boundary of the windshield opening. 3. The body according to claim 2, characterized in that the hood is made with trapezoidal recesses on the sides and holes on the side adjacent to the opening of the windshield. 4. The body according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that openings for lighting devices are made on the front wings and the back wall of the skeleton. 5. The body according to claim 4, characterized in that on the back wall of the skeleton, openings are made symmetrically to the opening of the back door.

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