RU2818827C1 - Method of increasing productivity of pigs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary science and is intended to increase productivity of pigs. Method of increasing productivity of pigs consists in using the preparation Biozinc, which is fed to pigs in dose of 0.2 ml/kg of body weight once day for 21 days with a repeated course in 1.5 months, wherein the preparation is diluted with water at rate of 1 part of the preparation Biozinc to 10 parts of water.

EFFECT: introduction of fodder concentrate Biozinc into ration of pigs has positive effect on metabolic processes in organism of animals, which is expressed in normalization of haematological and biochemical parameters of blood.

1 cl, 5 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine and is intended to increase the productivity of pigs.

Pig farming as a branch of animal husbandry is an effective source of food products with high nutritional value and good taste. Pigs are the fastest-growing and most fertile animals, which produce the highest yield of meat and fat. These products are indispensable in the production of sausages and meat products; they are suitable for long-term storage. The biological capabilities of animals (multiple pregnancy, early maturity, omnivorousness, high slaughter yield, good taste and technological qualities of meat), as well as the organizational and economic features of the industry, make it possible to produce pork in large quantities based on intensive technologies (Sinkina I.A., Erokhina S. .A. The importance of the pig industry for the national economy of the Belgorod region // Innovative solutions for the agro-industrial complex" (March 29-30, 2022), 2022. - P. 65). An increase in pork production can be achieved by providing pigs with high-quality feed and balanced diets. Minerals play an important role in the feeding system of young pigs. The use of natural minerals as a source of macro- and microelements is a promising direction (Khomchenko V.V., Gamko L.N., Podolnikov V.E. Efficiency of using high-protein feeds in combination with natural minerals in the diets of young pigs // Bulletin of the Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy - 2019. - No. 1 (45).

The role of zinc for a living organism is great. The animal body contains up to 3% zinc from dry matter, with the largest amount found in the liver, thyroid and pancreas, pituitary gland, muscles, bones and gonads. Up to 75% of total zinc is contained in red blood cells. Zinc is involved in the regulation of gas, water, carbohydrate, mineral and nitrogen metabolism. With a lack of zinc, animals experience growth retardation, hair loss, and decreased body condition. Adult animals with a lack of zinc in the diet become infertile (Umakhanov, M.A. The role of microelements in the life of plants and animals / M.A. Umakhanov // Selection and genetic aspects of the development of dairy cattle breeding. - Makhachkala: Federal State Budgetary Institution "Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the Republic of Dagestan " - 2019. - P.335-342).

The invention is known: “Trace element preparation of prolonged action for animals”, which serves for the prevention and treatment of hypomicroelementosis in animals, contains disodium salt of ethylenediamine -N, N'- disuccinic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt, selenium and iodine ( Patent No. 2771240 C1 Russian Federation, IPC A23K 10/00, A23K 10/10. Long-acting microelement preparation for animals / Kozlov Yu.M., Pudikova N.I., Fomin M.V., publ. 04.28.2022, Bull. . No. 13, - 13 p.).

Known “Drug for improving the health and productivity of farm animals and birds” (Patent No. 2652824 C1 Russian Federation, IPC A23K 20/174, A23K 20/00, A23K 50/00. Drug for improving the health and productivity of farm animals and birds: No. 2016148064 : application 07.12.2016, published 03.05.2018 / Polyanskaya I.S., Zakrepina E.N. [and others]; applicant FSBEI HE Vologda GMHA, Bull. ).

The closest solution is a method for increasing the productive qualities and safety of piglets during the growing period (Patent No. 2603266 C1 Russian Federation, IPC A23K 10/00. Method for increasing the productive qualities and safety of piglets during the growing period: No. 2015146620/10: application 10/28/2015: publ. 27.11.2016 / Filatov A.V., Sapozhnikov A.F., Shemuranova N.A., applicant FSBEI VPO Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, Bull.

The disadvantage of these methods is the large number of microelements in the composition, so it is difficult to control the excess or deficiency of individual microelements. This leads to an imbalance of physiological and biochemical processes, decreased digestibility and decreased productivity.

The technical task of increasing the productivity of pigs is to use the drug Biozinc, which is fed at a dose of 0.2 ml/kg body weight once a day, diluted with water at the rate of 1 part of the drug Biozinc to 10 parts of water, for 21 days with a repeat course in 1.5 months, only 2 courses.

The technical result is to increase the productivity of pigs.

The drug Biozinc is an organic bioactive complex based on the environmentally friendly plant substrate of Siberian fir. Biozinc is an aqueous concentrate of biologically active substances (at least 5%), which includes organic zinc in the form of chelates and ascorbate (at least 1000 mg). Biozinc also contains organic acids (propionic, succinic, butyric, malic, citric, oxalic, ascorbic), carotenoids, poly- and oligosaccharides, bioflavonoids and other biologically active substances of plant origin, providing antioxidant, anti-stress effects and normalizing the animal’s metabolism. Microelements contained in an organic molecule more easily penetrate the walls of the gastrointestinal tract and bind to transport and storage proteins than in an inorganic form.

An example of the method

When developing a method for increasing the productivity of pigs, 4 groups of 4-day-old Altai beef breed piglets were formed: a control and 3 experimental ones, 12 animals per group. The animals were kept in the same room in separate cages. The control group received the basic diet (BR), which consisted of complete feed, including raw materials of animal, plant, and mineral origin. To the diet of the experimental groups, Biozinc feed concentrate was added to the main diet in doses of 0.1 (for 1 experimental group), 0.2 and 0.3 (for 2 and 3 experimental groups) ml/kg body weight once a day for 21 days with a repeat course after 1.5 months, 2 courses in total. The test drug was added to drinking water at the rate of 1 part Biozinc to 10 parts water. During the experiment, the physiological state of the animals, morphological and biochemical blood parameters, and productivity were taken into account. Blood samples were taken at 60 and 90 days of age. By weighing, we measured the weight of the nest at birth of piglets, the weight of one piglet at the age of 24-30 days, the weight of one piglet at the age of 54-60 days, after which weaning was carried out. The Mann-Whitney test was used to assess differences between test groups.

The inclusion of feed concentrate in experimental pigs had a positive effect on their growth and development (Table 1).

Table 1. Age-related changes in body weight of pigs (n=12)

Group Body weight of piglets, kg Mann-Whitney test Day 4 28 days 60 days Control 2.11±0.06 6.49±0.21 16.02±0.26 1 experienced 2.14±0.05 7.14±0.18 17.14±0.23 p=0.008 2 experienced 2.11±0.07 7.86±0.21 19.78±0.20 p=0.001 3 experienced 2.07±0.12 7.65±0.27 19.56±0.27 p=0.001

On the 28th day of life, the weight of piglets in the control group increased by 207.6%, in the 1st experimental group - by 233.6% (OR + Biozinc 0.1 ml/kg), in the 2nd experimental group - by 273.8% (OR+Biozinc 0.2 ml/kg), in the 3rd experimental group the weight of piglets increased by 269.6% (OR+Biozinc 0.3 ml/kg). This indicates a positive effect of the feed additive on the growth and development of piglets. On the 60th day of life, the weight of piglets in the control group was 16.02±0.26 kg (an increase of 146.8%), the weight of piglets of the 2nd experimental group was 19.78±0.20 kg (an increase of 151.9 %). This indicates a more effective use of the drug Biozinc at a dose of 0.2 ml/kg body weight.

The introduction of Biozinc feed concentrate into the diet of pigs at a dose of 0.2 ml/kg had the most positive effect on metabolic processes in the animals' bodies - this was reflected in the normalization of hematological and biochemical blood parameters.

During the hematological analysis, it was found that the number of erythrocytes in the blood in all groups of animals was within the physiological norm; the differences in the experimental groups relative to the control group were insignificant. At the same time, the level of leukocytes in pigs in the experimental groups was significantly lower in comparison with the control group by 18.8% (1st experimental group), by 19.9% (2nd experimental group) and by 29.3% (3rd experimental group) (Table 2).

Table 2. Hematological parameters in pigs at the age of 60 days

Indicators Physiological norm Group control
(OR) 1 experienced
(OR+Biozinc 0.1 ml/kg) 2 experienced
(OR+Biozinc 0.2 ml/kg) 3 experienced
(OR+Biozinc 0.3 ml/kg) Leukocytes (WBC), ×10 ⁹ /l 8.0-16.0 28.42±0.56 23.06±1.75
p=0.007** 22.76±1.92
p=0.007** 20.09±1.91
p=0.003** Red blood cells (RBC), ×10 ¹² /l 6-7.5 7.02±0.16 7.03±0.27
p=0.850 7.24±0.42
p=0.850 6.76±0.26
p=0.174 Hemoglobin (HGB), g/l 90-110 88.30±4.77 89.10±1.54
p=0.597 89.60±1.42
p=0.597 87.31±1.59
p=0.473 Hematocrit (HCT), % 39-43 38.60±0.84 38.77±0.86
p=0.199 39.39±1.26
p=0.345 40.50±0.59
p=0.406 Mean erythrocyte volume (MCV), fl 50-65 52.47±2.18 52.30±1.61
p=0.940 52.26±1.75
p=0.880 52.89±1.09
p=0.705 Average hemoglobin content in erythrocytes (MCH), pg 17-34 15.82±0.83 15.85±0.52
p=0.705 15.83±0.53
p=0.705 15.87±0.53
p=0.597 Mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), g/l 300-400 289.70±2.57 294.2±13.12
p=0.545 304.6±16.35
p=0.597 301.0±14.66
p=0.597 Red blood cell heterogeneity index (RDW), % 16-24 19.36±0.56 18.55±0.42
p=0.212 18.68±0.48
p=0.257 18.79±0.37
p=0.326 Absolute platelet count (PLT), ×10 ⁹ /l 180-300 362.7±17.32 361.5±20.71
p=0.705 357.1±20.71
p=0.597 359.5±24.9
p=0.597 Mean platelet volume (MPV), fl 4.5-6.7 7.15±0.11 7.26±0.20
p=0.307 7.13±0.23
p=0.096 7.33±0.24
p=0.257 Relative platelet distribution width by volume (PDW), % <15 15.85±0.29 16.61±0.18
p=0.049* 16.54±0.16
p=0.054* 16.69±0.11
p=0.021* Proportion of whole blood volume occupied by platelets (PCT), % 0.15-0.4 0.32±0.02 0.32±0.01
p=0.650 0.31±0.02
p=0.545 0.31±0.01
p=0.496

The hemoglobin content in erythrocytes in pigs in all studied groups at the age of 60 days was below normal (88.30±4.77; 89.10±1.54; 89.60±1.42 and 87.31±1, 59 respectively).

At the age of 90 days, a decrease in the level of leukocytes in the blood of control group pigs to the physiological norm was observed, which should be considered as a positive factor (in the 2nd experimental group 14.95 ± 0.14 × 10 ⁹ /l; p = 0.001) (Table .3).

Table 3. Hematological parameters in pigs aged 90 days

Indicators Physiological norm Group control
(OR) 1 experienced
(OR+Biozinc 0.1 ml/kg) 2 experienced
(OR+Biozinc 0.2 ml/kg) 3 experienced
(OR+Biozinc 0.3 ml/kg) Leukocytes (WBC), ×10 ⁹ /l 8.0-16.0 18.70±1.19 16.8±0.89
p=0.450 14.95±0.14
p=0.001*** 15.76±0.60
p=0.089 Red blood cells (RBC), ×10 ¹² /l 6-7.5 7.24±0.14 7.35±0.42
p=0.880 7.63±0.16
p=0.140 7.31±0.41
p=0.597 Hemoglobin (HGB), g/l 90-110 95.60±1.01 101.8±2.07
p=0.010** 106.2±1.58
p=0.001*** 102.5±1.47
p=0.002** Hematocrit (HCT), % 39-43 41.74±1.57 41.29±1.00
p=0.076 42.20±0.42
p=0.002** 41.41±1.02
p=0.054* Mean erythrocyte volume (MCV), fl 50-65 56.20±1.15 57.26±0.76
p=0.364 59.65±1.12
p=0.028* 59.95±1.02
p=0.026* Average hemoglobin content in erythrocytes (MCH), pg 17-34 16.53±0.24 21.27±1.68
p=0.038* 26.56±1.20
p=0.001*** 25.64±0.76
p=0.001*** Mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), g/l 300-400 327.2±11.88 330.1±9.02
p=0.571 339.5±11.3
p=0.427 332.3±8.32
p=0.345 Red blood cell heterogeneity index (RDW), % 16-24 20.98±0.64 20.18±0.36
p=0.521 19.28±0.51
p=0.059* 20.41±0.34
p=0.791 Absolute platelet count (PLT), ×10 ⁹ /l 180-300 267.3±16.5 260.5±12.01
p=0.821 259.1±9.92
p=0.850 255.3±10.07
p=0.650 Mean platelet volume (MPV), fl 4.5-6.7 6.21±0.21 6.14±0.26
p=0.427 5.56±0.16
p=0.017* 5.81±0.13
p=0.049* Relative platelet distribution width by volume (PDW), % <15 15.40±0.43 15.12±0.31
p=0.705 14.10±0.23
p=0.028* 14.82±0.21
p=0.345 Proportion of whole blood volume occupied by platelets (PCT), % 0.15-0.4 0.32±0.02 0.32±0.01
p=0.623 0.32±0.01
p=0.791 0.32±0.01
p=0.623

The highest level of hemoglobin at the age of 90 days was observed in pigs of the 2nd experimental group - 106.2±1.58 g/l (p=0.001). The hematocrit value by the 90th day of the experiment in the 2nd experimental group was 42.20±0.42% (p=0.002). The average hemoglobin concentration in erythrocytes on day 90 was within the normal range in all studied groups of animals. By the 90th day of age, the platelet count in the blood reached the physiological norm in all groups.

Biochemical analysis revealed hypoproteinemia - a decrease in the amount of total protein in pigs of the control and experimental groups, which indicates an insufficient supply of protein with feed or a disorder of protein metabolism (Table 4).

Table 4. Biochemical blood parameters in pigs aged 60 days

Indicators Physiological norm Group control
(OR) 1 experienced
(OR+Biozinc 0.1 ml/kg) 2 experienced
(OR+Biozinc 0.2 ml/kg) 3 experienced
(OR+Biozinc 0.3 ml/kg) Total protein, g/l 65-85 63.4±1.0 62.7±1.1
p=0.650 63.2±0.6
p=0.850 63.1±0.9
p=0.850 Albumin, g/l 22.6-40.4 13.1±0.3 13.2±0.3
p=0.970 13.3±0.3
p=0.821 14.4±0.4
p=0.031* AST, U/l 15.0-55.0 24.7±1.4 24.9±1.4
p=0.597 24.7±0.7
p=0.496 25.5±1.4
p=0.406 ALT, U/l 21.7-46.5 17.5±0.4 16.8±0.4
p=0.345 18.5±0.5
p=0.049* 18.3±0.3
p=0.076 Glucose, mmol/l 2.50-4.16 2.4±0.1 2.3±0.1
p=0.545 2.7±0.1
p=0.121 2.6±0.1
p=0.597 Total bilirubin, µmol/l 0.17-5.13 4.6±0.2 5.0±0.2
p=0.162 5.1±0.1
p=0.076 4.9±0.1
p=0.326 Creatinine, µmol/l 62-168 57.3±2.1 52.4±1.7
p=0.096 59.8±2.0
p=0.406 58.3±1.9
p=0.623 Cholesterol, mmol/l 4.7-5.2 3.6±0.3 4.5±0.2
p=0.038* 4.1±0.3
p=0.241 4.4±0.3
p=0.064 Calcium, mmol/l 2.5-3.5 2.3±0.2 2.4±0.2
p=0.734 2.3±0.1
p=0.597 2.2±0.3
p=0.705 Phosphorus, mmol/l 1.29-1.94 1.6±0.1 1.8±0.1
p=0.290 1.7±0.1
p=0.364 1.7±0.2
p=0.940 Urea, µmol/l 3.3-5.0 3.9±0.2 3.9±0.2
p=0.985 4.2±0.2
p=0.385 4.1±0.2
p=0.545 Iron, µmol/l 29-36 12.8±0.4 13.8±0.4
p=0.096 14.1±0.8
p=0.112 14.2±0.4
p=0.017* Magnesium, mmol/l 1.03-1.44 1.4±0.1 1.3±0.1
p=0.571 1.3±0.1
p=0.427 1.4±0.1
p=0.985 Potassium, mmol/l 4.5-5.5 4.7±0.2 4.8±0.2
p=0.650 4.7±0.1
p=0.791 4.6±0.2
p=0.988 Zinc, µmol/l 40-60 28.2±0.3 37.9±1.1
p=0.001*** 46.8±1.4
p=0.001*** 45.8±2.2
p=0.001***

The level of albumin in the blood serum of pigs at the age of 60 days was below the physiological norm (13.1±0.3; 13.2±0.3; 13.3±0.3 and 14.4±0.4 g/l respectively). The elemental composition of blood serum varied in the test groups. Low levels of iron and calcium were found in all groups. This indicates a lack of micro-macroelements in the food ration. The zinc level in the control group was 28.2±0.3 µmol/l, which is below the physiological norm. In the experimental groups, the level of zinc corresponded to the physiological norm. The highest level was noted in pigs of the 2nd experimental group (46.8±1.4; p=0.001).

Biochemical blood parameters in pigs at the age of 90 days correspond to the physiological norm (Table 5).

Table 5. Biochemical blood parameters in pigs aged 90 days

Indicators Physiological norm Group control
(OR) 1 experienced
(OR+Biozinc 0.1 ml/kg) 2 experienced
(OR+Biozinc 0.2 ml/kg) 3 experienced
(OR+Biozinc 0.3 ml/kg) Total protein, g/l 65-85 69.1±1.9 75.8±1.6
p=0.034* 84.3±0.6
p=0.001*** 81.5±0.6
p=0.001*** Albumin, g/l 22.6-40.4 17.3±0.5 29.2±1.4
p=0.364 34.1±1.2
p=0.001*** 31.4±1.5
p=0.001*** AST, U/l 15.0-55.0 27.1±0.8 30.7±1.3
p=0.008** 38.9±1.3
p=0.001*** 37.6±2.3
p=0.001*** ALT, U/l 21.7-46.5 21.4±0.5 27.7±2.3
p=0.003** 30.2±1.8
p=0.001*** 29.2±0.9
p=0.001*** Glucose, mmol/l 2.50-4.16 2.6±0.1 2.8±0.2
p=0.290 2.9±0.2
p=0.212 2.9±0.1
p=0.174 Total bilirubin, µmol/l 0.17-5.13 4.8±0.2 4.2±0.2
p=0.112 4.7±0.3
p=0.241 4.6±0.2
p=0.623 Creatinine, µmol/l 62-168 103.4±1.8 117.2±7.3
p=0.364 115.2±7.9
p=0.650 119.4±4.1
p=0.003** Cholesterol, mmol/l 4.7-5.2 4.0±0.3 3.3±0.3
p=0.076 3.8±0.2
p=0.427 4.0±0.2
p=0.791 Calcium, mmol/l 2.5-3.5 2.6±0.1 2.4±0.1
p=0.385 2.7±0.2
p=0.427 2.6±0.2
p=0.940 Phosphorus, mmol/l 1.29-1.94 1.7±0.1 1.8±0.1
p=0.734 1.8±0.1
p=0.521 1.8±0.1
p=0.623 Urea, µmol/l 3.3-5.0 4.4±0.2 3.9±0.2
p=0.226 4.3±0.1
p=0.762 4.5±0.2
p=0.597 Iron, µmol/l 29-36 14.9±1.1 31.8±0.5
p=0.001*** 29.2±1.9
p=0.001*** 28.4±1.4
p=0.001*** Magnesium, mmol/l 1.03-1.44 1.4±0.1 1.3±0.1
p=0.734 1.4±0.1
p=0.734 1.4±0.1
p=0.545 Potassium, mmol/l 4.5-5.5 4.6±0.1 4.8±0.2
p=0.241 5.1±0.1
p=0.006** 5.0±0.2
p=0.031* Zinc, µmol/l 40-60 29.2±0.9 41.8±1.9
p=0.001*** 54.1±0.7
p=0.001*** 50.8±1.2
p=0.001***

The protein level in the control group increased by 8.9% (69.1±0.97 g/l), in the 2nd experimental group - by 33.4% (84.3±0.6; p=0.001). An increase in the level of total protein in the blood serum indicates more intense redox processes occurring in the body and indicates an increase in the protein-synthesizing function of the liver. The intensity of protein metabolism in the body of experimental animals can also be judged by the content of albumin in the blood serum. The albumin level in the control group at the age of 90 days increased by 32.82% (17.3±0.5), in the 2nd experimental group - by 126.57% (34.1±1.2; p=0.001). Such indicators may indicate an increase in the level of protein metabolism in the body when Biozinc feed concentrate is introduced into the diet.

As a result of research, it was found that Biozinc has a beneficial effect on the activity of aminotransferases. An increase in the activity of aminotransferases (AST and ALT) at p = 0.001 in the blood serum of animals of the experimental groups within the physiological norm is an indicator of the most intense synthesis of tissue protein.

The level of calcium, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the blood of pigs in the experimental groups was within the physiological norm. The highest level of iron in the blood was found in pigs of the 2nd experimental group - 29.2±1.9 µmol/l (p=0.001). The highest level of zinc in the blood in pigs of the 2nd experimental group was 54.1±0.7 mmol/l, which is 85.3% more than in pigs in the control group (p=0.001).

Thus, the studies revealed that the most effective scheme for increasing the productivity of pigs was the scheme used in the 2nd experimental group. In comparison with other test groups, higher rates of growth intensity and productivity were observed. Consequently, the use of the drug Biozinc in the diets of young pigs of the experimental group at a dose of 0.2 ml/kg contributed to a positive correction of biochemical blood parameters, improvement of the morphological composition of the blood, activation of metabolism and redox processes in animals. This had a positive effect on the intensity of their development.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the productivity of pigs, which consists in using the drug Biozinc, which is given to pigs at a dose of 0.2 ml/kg body weight once a day for 21 days with a repeat course after 1.5 months, while the drug is diluted with water at the rate of 1 part Biozinc to 10 parts water.