RU2815058C1 - Method for fattening young cattle on complete feed mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to feeding cattle with full-ration feed mixture. Method involves preparation of a full-ration milled fodder mixture of hay of various grasses, burclover hay, straw, turf of cereal crops. Reduction of hay and straw cutting length enables to mix it homogeneously with the rest of the components without giving the bull-calves an opportunity to sort the fodder.

EFFECT: invention usage will make it possible to increase fodder eatability and to increase beef productivity of cattle.

1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to feeding cattle, and can be used on farms for fattening young cattle both in large industrial complexes and in traditional methods of growing and fattening on farms.

To increase the efficiency of livestock farming, it is necessary to improve technologies for preparing traditional feed and develop new feed products. Animal feeding based on the use of complete feed mixtures is increasingly being introduced into practice. They are especially necessary in the production of high-quality beef. Both simple and complete feed mixtures are prepared for cattle. In this case, the efficiency of using feed in the diet increases by 5-15% [1].

There is a known method for preparing feed mixtures (patent RU 2172590, 2001). consisting in grinding rough, juicy and concentrated feed, their subsequent mixing and adding nutrient solutions and a preservative. Rough feed is crushed to a particle size of 50-80 mm, succulent feed - up to 10-100 mm, concentrated feed - up to 1-5 mm, molasses is used as nutrient solutions, and ammonium carbonate is used as a preservative. Mixing of feed components is carried out in three stages, at the first of which crushed roughage and succulent feed are mixed, at the second, a nutrient solution is added to the resulting mixture and mixed again, and at the third stage, crushed concentrated feed is added to the resulting mixture and additionally zeolite flour and a preservative are added and mix until a homogeneous mass is obtained [3].

The disadvantages of the known method of preparing feed mixtures are the separation of the components of the feed mixture during transportation, storage and feeding and the short shelf life of the loose feed mixture.

Also known is a complete granulated feed (patent RU 2379943, 2007) based on a crushed and granulated mixture of grass flour, oats, barley, wheat bran, sunflower meal, molasses, table salt, feed chalk, premix for herbivorous animals P-90-1 and a mineral additive with the binding ability of bentonite, with additional content (up to 5%) of sawdust from deciduous trees. The method for producing this feed consists of sequential grinding, mixing and granulating the feed mixture with the addition of molasses and mineral additives at a pressure of 0.28-0.33 MPa and a temperature of 140-150°C [2].

The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of the resulting product due to the high content of grain components (more than 40%) and herbal flour (up to 20%).

The objectives to be solved by the claimed invention are to increase the nutritional value and palatability of feed for fattening bulls, improve the quality of beef produced and reduce the cost of livestock products through the preparation and use of a complete feed mixture.

The technical result is aimed at developing a technology for preparing a complete crushed feed mixture from forb hay, alfalfa hay, straw, and cereal crops to increase the productivity of young beef cattle during the fattening period.

The recipe for dry complete feed mixtures is based on an analysis of the chemical composition of feed, the norms of animal requirements for nutrients and biologically active substances. Therefore, to create a complete feed mixture, we calculated the feeding ration for fattening bulls (Table 1).

Based on the feeding ration, we have developed the following composition of a dry complete feed mixture, which includes:

- mixed-grass hay - 6.0 kg;

- alfalfa hay - 3.0 kg;

- wheat straw - 2.0 kg;

- barley turd - 3.0 kg;

- mineral and vitamin premix - 70 g.

Hay and straw are difficult to handle in most choppers. Pre-processing hay with a bale cutter or baling cut hay can reduce chopping time and equipment wear.

Indicators Norm Diet Mixed grass hay Alfalfa hay Wheat straw Barley dirt Total Quantity, kg 6.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 EKE 8.6 3.30 1.86 0.55 3.06 8.77 Metabolic energy, MJ 86.0 33.0 18.6 5.5 30.6 87.7 Dry matter, kg 10.2 4.92 2.89 0.82 2.46 10.09 Crude protein, g 1210 468 385 78 363 1293 Digestible protein, g 774 246 303 41 306 896 Fiber, g 2223 1266 453 211 159 2089 Easily digestible carbohydrates (in glucose), g 630 316 111 27 108 562 Crude fat, g 275 151 69 17 54 291 Calcium, g 55 15.4 17.4 4.2 7.2 44.2 Phosphorus, g 40 8.5 6.4 1.1 15.6 31.6 Magnesium, g 23 12.4 3.6 1.2 8.1 25.3 Sulfur, g 32 5.2 17.2 1.0 7.5 31.9 Iron, mg 530 223 122 65 144 554 Copper, mg 95 45.0 7.8 7.0 25.2 85 Zinc, mg 510 302.2 51.6 37 105 495.7 Cobalt, mg 6.8 4.7 0.6 0.1 1.8 7.2 Manganese, mg 450 346 55.2 22 39.9 463.1 Iodine, mg 2.9 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.66 1.66 Carotene, mg 255 316 104 20 1 441 Vitamin D, IU 450 453 190 eleven 102 756

Table 1 - Feeding ration for bulls

Reducing the cutting length of hay and straw allows it to be mixed homogeneously with the other components, preventing the steers from subsequently having the opportunity to sort the feed.

When crushing and grinding grain, not only palatability increases, but also the area of contact of the ground grain with digestive enzymes increases significantly, nutrients become more accessible, which contributes to their more complete use.

Therefore, in our proposed method of fattening young cattle, the roughage and grain feed of the complete feed mixture we developed were crushed:

- particle size of crushed roughage is 4-5 cm;

- particle size of crushed grain feed is 1.5-4.0 mm.

In order to determine the use of feed mixture when fattening young beef cattle, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out on 30 bulls of the Kalmyk breed at the age of 14 months, formed according to the principle of analogues, taking into account age, live weight, and fatness into 2 groups of 15 heads each. Fattening was carried out for 3 months until 17 months of age. Animals in the control group received a household diet, and the animals in the experimental group received a complete feed mixture developed by us.

During the experiment, we recorded the feed intake for 7 adjacent days by weighing the given feed and its residues per day. Live weight was determined by monthly weighing in the morning before feeding. At the end of fattening, a control slaughter of 3 bulls from each group was carried out, and a qualitative assessment of the meat was carried out using generally accepted methods.

In the course of a comparative assessment of the palatability of the crushed feed mixture we offer, it was found that the remains of roughage in the feeders at the farm ration amounted to 26-30% of the specified one. In group II, which received the crushed feed mixture we developed, the remaining feed amounted to 7-9%. Grain fodder in both groups was eaten completely.

As a result of the research, it was established that the use of crushed feed mixture by bulls made it possible to increase their live weight.

Table 2 - Dynamics of live weight of bulls

Index Group I II Live weight, kg: at the beginning of the experiment 305.8 305.4 at the end of the experiment 370.3 390.6 Absolute gain, kg 64.5 85.2 Average daily increase, g 716.6 946.6

The results of the study, shown in Table 2, show that the absolute increase in live weight during the fattening period in bulls of group II in comparison with group I was higher by 20.7 kg. In terms of average daily increase in live weight, animals of group II were also superior to bulls from the group receiving a farm diet - by 24.2%.

The control slaughter showed the superiority of group II, which received the developed feed mixture, by 6.9% in terms of slaughter weight (Table 3).

Table 3 - Data from control slaughter of experimental animals

Options Group I Group II Pre-slaughter weight, kg 368.8 388.7 Weight of steamed carcass, kg 199.2 212.8 Internal fat mass, kg 7.2 9.1 Slaughter weight, kg 206.4 221.9 Slaughter yield, % 55.9 57.1

From bulls fed on feed mixtures, carcasses were obtained in weight that exceeded those of Group I bulls by 6.4%. The slaughter yield in group I was 55.9%, and in the experimental group - 57.1%, which is 1.2% more.

Studies of the chemical composition of an average sample of bull meat showed that a comparatively higher moisture content was observed in animals of group I - 68.4%. The protein content in meat was higher in animals of group II - 18.9%, which is 0.6% more than in their peers from group I. In terms of fat content, superiority was also observed in young animals who received the feed mixture - 13.2%, versus 12.2% in animals of group I.

Thus, it seems possible to solve the problem of increasing beef production by using the method we have developed for fattening young cattle using a crushed complete feed mixture. In our experience, during the fattening period, the use of a feed mixture led to an increase in feed palatability by 18-20%, an increase in the meat productivity of bulls and a qualitative improvement in the nutritional value of beef.

Information sources

1. Beef cattle breeding: rearing and fattening / B.S. Ubushaev, N.N. Moroz, P.M. Pompaev, A.K. Natyrov. - Moscow: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2013. 146 p.

2. Complete granulated feed for herbivorous animals and the method of its production / E.V. Anisimova, 2007, patent RU 2379943.

3. Method of preparing feed mixtures / A.S. Kozlov, K.S. Laktionov, A.A. Penzev, I.A. Kozlov, V.V. Kutuzov, 2001, patent RU 2172590.

Claims (1)

A method of fattening young cattle, characterized by the fact that fattening is carried out with a complete feed mixture based on roughage and grain feeds, while in order to increase the palatability of the feed mixture, it contains the optimal content of roughage feeds in the form of mixed-grass hay crushed to 4-5 cm - 6, 0 kg, alfalfa hay - 3.0 kg and wheat straw - 2.0 kg, grain feed in the form of barley powder ground to 1.5-4.0 mm - 3.0 kg and mineral-vitamin premix - 70 g.