RU2693302C1 - Method for preparation of combined fodder for cattle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to a method for production of combined feedstuffs with usage of sugar industry enterprises wastes. Method comprises treatment of sunflower seeds after secondary treatment with fragments of sunflower baskets and stems to obtain cake, extrusion, introduction of micronutrient in a press cake of sunflower at ratio of 1:50, mixing, cooling to temperature of 30–36 °C and fodder milling to granules size of 5–7 mm. In the process of fodder production one adds to it in equal proportions straw and sugar production wastes in the form of beet silage, which is pressed with extraction of beetroot juice and milled into size to 5–7 cm. Also straw is crushed to size of 4–5 cm and it is steamed in beet juice for 60–90 minutes at ratio of 1:2 until evaporation of the liquid. Then cooked milled straw is mixed with beet silage at ratio 1:2. Obtained mixture is mixed with a mixture of micronutrients and sunflower meal at ratio of 1:1 and the quality of mixing is controlled. If the mixing is uniform, the fodder is supplied for storage, if the uneven – the fodder is additionally stirred.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to obtain nutrient fodder by caloric content.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for the production of animal feed using waste enterprises of the sugar industry and roughage and can be used for feeding cattle.

It is known the use of sugar beet processing products in the form of beet silage, as well as roughage (straw) in the feeding of cattle.

Silage has high nutritional properties, its caloric content, vitamin content (contains carotene, vitamin C, organic acids) and dietary properties comparable to fresh grass and is a valuable food product. Silage improves digestion, promotes the absorption of other roughage [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81].

Silage helps to increase the milk productivity of the cow, improves the quality of milk and butter, enriches them with vitamins, and also helps to increase the reproductive ability of animals [http: //xn--b1afaeicjiimfcjs4bzc5f,xn--p1ai/prigotovlenie-silosovannih-kormov-2662.html].

Straw is rich in fiber, but it contains little protein, fat, sugar and carotene. Straw organic matter is mainly composed of fiber and biologically effective substances (BEV). In its fiber 65-81% pure cellulose, 16-32 lignin and 2.2-3% cutin, suberin [https://hozyaistvo.com/articles/384-grubye-korma-dlia-krs-zagotovka-kachestvennogo- sena-i-solomy.html # hash1].

A method of obtaining dried beet pulp according to patent 2542530 Cl. C13B 5/06, 2013, which includes the stage of pressing, granulating, active ventilation and drying.

The disadvantage of this method is the intensity of the drying process, which leads to high energy line.

A method of obtaining protein feed according to patent RU 2636480 class. А23К 10/30, А23К 40/10, 2017, taken as a prototype, including processing of sunflower seeds after secondary cleaning with fragments of baskets and stalks of sunflower to obtain cake, extrusion, introduction of micronutrients to the cake of sunflower, mixing, cooling to a temperature of 30-36 ° C, grinding feed to a loose type of granule size 3-5 mm.

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to get nutritious food for calories, low content of vitamins (carotene, vitamin C, organic acids) and low quality of milk and butter, which contributes to the digestion of agricultural animals, as well as low fiber content.

The technical result of the invention is to provide the possibility of obtaining nutritious food for calories, to increase the content of vitamins (carotene, vitamin C, organic acids) and the quality of milk and butter, which contributes to the digestion of agricultural animals, as well as to increase the fiber content.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of preparation of a combined feed for cattle, including processing of sunflower seeds after secondary cleaning with fragments of baskets and stalks of sunflower to obtain cake, extruding, introducing micronutrients into the cake in a ratio of 1:50, mixing, cooling to temperature 30-36 ° C, grinding feed with a granule size of 5-7 mm, according to the invention, straw and waste of sugar production in the form of beet silage are added in feed in equal proportions which is pressed with the release of beet juice and crushed to a size of 5-7 cm, straw is also crushed to a size of 4-5 cm and steamed in beet juice for 60-90 minutes at a ratio of 1: 2 to evaporation of the liquid, then cooled, steamed chopped straw is mixed with beet-silage at a ratio of 1: 2, then the resulting mixture is mixed with a mixture of micronutrients and sunflower meal in a ratio of 1: 1 and control the quality of mixing, if mixing is uniform, then the feed is stored, if n uniform - the feed is further mixed.

Comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the prototype allows us to conclude that the inventive method of preparing a combined feed for cattle allows you to ensure the possibility of obtaining nutritious food for calories, increase the content of vitamins (carotene, vitamin C, organic acids) and the quality of milk and butter, which contributes to the digestion of agricultural animals and also increase fiber content.

Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of patentability NOVELTY.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype, aimed at achieving a technical result and not identified in the study of this and related areas of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion INVENTORY.

The claimed technical solution meets the patentability criteria INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY, because refers to the equipment for the production of animal feed using waste enterprises of the sugar industry and roughage and can be used for feeding cattle.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a device for implementing a method for preparing a combined feed for cattle - a general view.

The method of preparation of a combined feed for cattle is implemented using a device that contains a block I of cooking sunflower oil cake containing a secondary cleaning machine 1, under which is installed a hopper 2 for storing the oil product, an extruder 3, an air conditioner 4, a grinder 5 oil cake in granules and a block II preparation of feed containing hopper 6 for its enrichment with micronutrients, mixer 7, hopper 8 for storage and distribution of finished feed. The system contains an additional block III for processing straw and block IV for processing waste from sugar production in the form of a silo. Moreover, an additional block III for processing straw has a production bunker 9, a screw feeder 10 straw, a chopper 11, a steamer 12 straw, and a block IV for processing waste from sugar production in the form of a silo - a production bunker 13 for silo, a press 14, a screw feeder 15, the output of the steamer 12 straw and the output of the chopper 16 of the silo is connected to the mixer 7 of sunflower meal. The press 14 for silage is connected with a steamer of 12 straw and with a screw feeder 15 silos. Moreover, at the outputs of the mixer 7 sunflower meal, straw chopper 11 and chopper 16 silo are multimedia devices 17, 18, 19, communicated with the personal computer 20.

The method of preparation of the combined feed for cattle is as follows.

From the secondary cleaning machine 1, waste in the form of fragments of baskets and stalks, and the varieties of sunflower varieties Lakomka after the secondary cleaning are fed to the hopper 2 for storing the oil-processing product and then they go to the extruder 3, where they are extruded. Extrusion of the mixture is carried out by heating the product to a temperature of 110-170 ° C and under a pressure of 4-6 MPa during processing. After extrusion, the resulting product in the form of an endless tow is cooled by conditioner 4 and fed to grinding to chopper 5. Crushed sunflower meal in bulk is fed to mixer 7, where it is mixed with micronutrients (potassium iodide, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, cobalt chloride) at the rate of 1:50 which arrive from the bunker 6 for enrichment with nutritious microelements. If you take a smaller ratio, there will be an insufficient amount of micronutrients in the feed, and if it is more, it will be oversaturated, which will lead to a deterioration in the quality of the feed.

In the feed, straw and sugar production waste are added in equal proportions in the form of beet silage, which is pressed with the release of beet juice and crushed to a size of 5-7 cm, straw is also crushed to a size of 4-5 cm and steamed in a beet juice for 60- 90 minutes at a ratio of 1: 2 to evaporation of the liquid. Then cooled, steamed chopped straw mixed with beet silage at a ratio of 1: 2. Next, the resulting mixture is mixed with a mixture of micronutrients and sunflower meal in a 1: 1 ratio and control the quality of mixing. If the mixing is uniform, then the food is sent to storage, if uneven - the food is additionally mixed.

Steaming chopped straw leads to a softening and increase of its taste, palatability and neutralization from mold fungi and microbes [http://vet174.ru/kormlenie/korm/podgotovka-solomy-k-skarmlivaniyu # ixzz5Sg7Wso88].

In this case, using the multimedia device 17, an image of a mixed mixture (crushed beet silage and straw, sunflower cake with micronutrients) is obtained, which is fed to computer processing with the Mathcad software to determine the quality of the mix of beet silo and straw, the sunflower cake with nutrient microelements corresponding to zootechnical mixing requirements. If the quality of mixing does not meet the zootechnical requirements, then it is sent for additional mixing.

Using a multimedia device 18, an image of chopped straw is obtained, which is fed to computer processing with the Mathcad software to determine the quality of chopping the straw that meets the zootechnical requirements for chopping. If the grinding quality does not meet the zootechnical requirements, then it is sent for additional grinding.

Using a multimedia device 19, an image of crushed beet silage is obtained, which is fed to computer processing with the Mathcad software to determine the quality of grinding of beet silo that meets the zootechnical requirements for grinding. If the grinding quality does not meet the zootechnical requirements, then it is sent for additional grinding.

Performing technological operations on the method of preparation of a combined feed for cattle will increase the nutritional properties of feed calories and the content of vitamins (carotene, vitamin C, organic acids), which contributes to the quality of milk and oil, the digestion of agricultural animals, and also increase the fiber content in the form of straw.

To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technology of preparation of a combined feed for cattle studies have been conducted. For the study, two groups of cows-analogues were created (Black-and-White breed), 100 heads each, one group of cows was given protein feed prepared according to the prototype, and the other - feed using steamed straw and beet silo. As a result of the research, it was found that in cows fed with forage using steamed straw and beet-growing silage, the average daily milk yield increased by 10-15%, and the weight gain was 5-8%, which is confirmed by the data in the table:

Claims (1)

The method of preparation of the combined feed for cattle, including the processing of sunflower seeds after secondary cleaning with fragments of baskets and stalks of sunflower to obtain cake, extrusion, the introduction of micronutrients in the cake in the ratio of 1:50, mixing, cooling to a temperature of 30-36 ° C , grinding feed to a granule size of 5-7 mm, characterized in that straw is added in equal proportions to the feed and sugar production waste in the form of beet silage, which is pressed with a selection Sugar beet juice is crushed to a size of 5-7 cm, straw is crushed to a size of 4-5 cm and steamed in beet juice for 60-90 minutes at a ratio of 1: 2 until the liquid evaporates, then the cooled steamed ground straw is mixed with beetroot silage at a ratio of 1: 2, the mixture is mixed with a mixture of micronutrients and sunflower meal in a ratio of 1: 1 and control the quality of mixing, if the mixing is uniform, then the feed is sent to storage, if uneven - feed Stir agitated.

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