KR20020040961A - Supplementary feed composition for ruminant and method for feeding the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A process for feeding feed additive composition for ruminants comprising persimmon skin, barley bran and active carbon is provided. It exhibits controlling moisture, reinforcing inorganic components, increasing an intake amount of feed, reducing the use of antibiotics, increasing efficiency of feed and improving meat quality. CONSTITUTION: The feed additive composition comprises 100 parts by weight of a mixture comprising 20 to 80% by weight of the persimmon skin and 20 to 80% by weight of the barley bran, and 0.5 to 7 parts by weight of activated carbon. In rearing calf, a feed amount is 3% by weight or less; in the first period of beef cattle, the feed amount is 3 to 5% by weight; and in the second period of beef cattle, the feed amount is 5% by weight or more, based on the feed amount of concentrate fodder.

Description

Supplementary feed composition for ruminant and method for feeding the same}

The present invention relates to a supplementary feed composition for ruminant livestock and a method of feeding the same, more specifically, by supplying an effective amount to the ruminant livestock including beef cattle and beef cattle, moisture control function, mineral composition, increased palatability, increased feed intake, The present invention relates to a supplementary feed composition and a method of feeding the same, which show antibiotic use reduction, feed efficiency increase, and / or meat improvement.

In general, animal feed contains crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, calcium and phosphorus. Here, as a medicine that affects the metabolism of livestock, it has the characteristics of a nutrient, such as vitamins, calcium, sugars, blood substitutes, minerals and organic acids. In addition, antibiotics are added to prevent disease and improve feed efficiency. Recently, lactic acid bacteria are added for the same purpose.

On the other hand, efficient production and use of livestock feed is a very important part of livestock farms, especially in the case of ruminant livestock, since it requires a large amount of supplementary feed (hereinafter also referred to as "feed"). However, our reality is that most of them use crests as injections, so they are not interested in producing high quality forages. Most farmers are losing their need for high quality feed crops and grasses because they solve the quantitative problem with straw and the nutritional supply necessary for production depends on rich feed.

Since ruminants have very different physiological characteristics, the availability of feed varies greatly depending on the feeding method (Chang, 1990), and the value of the feed may vary depending on the type of feed and the blending ratio. In general, the method of feeding the ruminants is based on the high quality of feed. However, the reality of our country is the lack of these feeds. And acidosis and the like, and ruminant action is reduced, digestion rate, digestive disorders and feed intake are reduced, and in some cases, feed intake may be stopped. In particular, dairy cattle production and maintenance rates are reduced, and beef cattle lower feed efficiency due to a lower growth rate.

In order to compensate for these problems, feeding buffers can improve feed intake, digestibility, and cow retention while maintaining pH in the rumen. Feeding the complete mixed feed (TMR) to dairy cows results in a balanced diet and maintains normal pH (6.2 to 6.8) in the rumen, leading to active microbial protein synthesis. It has been reported that productivity is improved by preventing diseases of the digestive system and maximizing feed utilization (Holter et al., 1977).

However, it was found that it is better to add buffers in the preparation of TMR because TMR feed alone is not fully effective. Esdale and Satter (1972) reported that the addition of NaHCO ₃ to the rumen pH and VFA concentrations resulted in continuous infusion of NaHCO ₃ into the rumen by 9-12 moles in the rumen, raising the pH and decreasing total volatile fatty acid content. , Kilmer et al. (1980) reported that the total-VFA content increased when 0.7% NaHCO ₃ was added to dairy cows in light and non-light cows, and Erdman et al. (1982) reported that it was rich in feed and corn silage. (60:40) The addition of 1% NaHCO _{3 to the} feed increased the digestibility of ADF and reported that it prevented the pH drop of rumen fluid. Despite this effect, currently available buffers have the disadvantage of being expensive.

On the other hand, as long as the digestive physiological structure of the cattle and cows, which are representative ruminants, does not change, raising the cows in a way that is easily recognized by humans does not maximize the ability of the target livestock. As cattle heredity and breeding develop, Korean cattle are also improved to high-performance cattle, so if they do not supply nutrients suitable for high-performance cattle, they will not have the effect of improvement. You lose money.

Therefore, in order to improve meat quality or improve feed efficiency, it is necessary to produce high-quality fertilizers because they have to supply balanced nutrition required by genetically superior high-performance cows.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an auxiliary feed composition that provides an effective amount to the ruminant shaft, moisture control function, mineral composition enhancement, increased palatability, increased feed intake, reduced use of antibiotics, increased feed efficiency and / or meat improvement effect It is.

Another object of the present invention to provide a method of feeding the auxiliary feed composition.

The supplementary feed composition for the ruminant shaft of the present invention for achieving the above object is composed of 100 parts by weight of the mixture consisting of 20 to 80% by weight persimmon shell and 20 to 80% by weight of gangue and 0.5 to 7 parts by weight of activated carbon.

The method of feeding the supplementary feed composition for the ruminant shaft of the present invention for achieving the above another object is a ruminant shaft consisting of 0.5 to 7 parts by weight of activated carbon in 100 parts by weight of the mixture consisting of 20 to 80% by weight persimmon shell and 20 to 80% by weight of gangue It consists of feeding the supplemental feed composition for 1 to 10% by weight of the rich feed amount.

Looking at the present invention in more detail as follows.

As described above, feeding a large amount of rich feed to the ruminant shaft for the purpose of increasing energy supply causes an imbalance between the balance of the microorganisms or the fermentation by the microorganisms and the uptake or excretion of the products. In addition, fermentation of feed by microorganisms in the rumen is affected by saliva secretion, chewing, the rate of passage of ruminants and digestive contents, and various interactions between nutrient content, degradation, buffering capacity, feed frequency and microorganisms in the feed. It is also influenced by the back and the like (ha 1989).

Large amounts of rich feed instead of supplementary feed cause a number of problems. First, the time spent on feed and the time spent on the rumen is shortened, resulting in a decrease in saliva secretion, leading to a decrease in neutralization in the rumen (Balch, 1958). The pH of the rumen fluid is acidified. Acid neutralizing substances in the rumen include saliva, feed and buffers. Representatives used as buffers include NaHCO ₃ , MgO, Limestons, Bentonite, and the like. In the past, it was determined whether or not the buffer was effective only by the ability to change the pH in the rumen. The effect is measured. Second, changes in acid production and composition occur. When a large amount of rich feeds are fed at once, the pH is lowered and the amount of VFA decreases and the microorganisms that can use lactic acid are killed. 96% of the acid is accounted for by lactic acid (Ryan, 1964). Third is the change of microorganisms in the rumen. The most representative changes in microorganisms are a reduction in crude fibrolytic bacteria, instead an increase in the number of starch bacteria, and a decrease in the number of crotozoa. Crotozoa is more susceptible to changes in pH, osmotic pressure and feed in the rumen, and is often killed when a large amount of rich feed is given.

In order to solve this problem, the present invention provides a supplementary feed for the ruminant shaft of a new concept. In other words, the present invention uses a mixture of persimmon shell, gangue and activated carbon, which can easily obtain auxiliary feeds, which were previously limited to silage, buffers, and the like, in daily life.

In general, persimmon bark may contain a large amount of tannins to provide fresh, high quality meat by preventing diarrhea, natural antibiotics and sugar intake of livestock. In addition, the strengthening of vitamins and minerals can promote skeletal composition and growth, and can improve disease resistance. Conventionally, persimmon peel is used as a small amount as an additive in the injection, but there is no example used as a major component in the auxiliary feed as the present invention. Feed chemical properties of persimmon peel are as Tables 1 to 3 below.

General Ingredients (Dry) Item moisture Crude protein Crude fat Crude fiber ADF NDF Average content (%) 10.5 6.54 1.35 9.19 14.42 27.14

Sugar content and mineral ingredient Item Sugar content Ca Mg K Na P Average content (%) 16.75% 0.01% 0.47% 1.25% 0.03 0.1%

Vitamin ingredients Item Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Vitamin c Average content 0.02mg / 100g or more 0.01mg / 100g or more 4mg / 100g

According to the present invention, the persimmon skin is used in an amount of 20 to 80% by weight based on the mixture with the gangrene. At this time, when the amount is less than 20% by weight, the effect of adding persimmon peel is insignificant, and when the amount is more than 80% by weight, the amount of relative barrage is reduced, so that the barb addition effect may be insignificant.

On the other hand, the ganggang is a general by-product produced when milling the barley and namac, its feed value depends on the degree of content of coarse and rough skin, the production of barley bran is 46 ~ 48% of the original, Namagang (rice bran) is produced about 40%. In general, oak steel has a low crude protein content and a high crude fiber content, but has a high palatability and high content of thiamin, niacin, and phosphorus. Due to these characteristics, palatability increases with the increase in palatability, and high-quality meat can be produced with a marbling effect on meat quality in the late fattening.

According to the present invention, the amount of the gangue is used in an amount of 20 to 80% by weight based on the mixture with the persimmon peel. At this time, when the amount is less than 20% by weight, the effect of adding the gangue is insignificant, and when the amount is more than 80% by weight, the relative amount of persimmon peel is reduced to decrease the effect of adding persimmon.

Table 4 shows the chemical properties of the gangrene.

Item moisture Crude protein Crude fat Crude fiber View minutes TND DCP Net energy Average content (%) 11.5 9.4 4.4 18.1 6.1 49.6% 5.6% 1.79Mcal

In the present invention, the activated carbon is used in the same role as the buffer described above. As mentioned above, substances that neutralize acids in the rumen include saliva, feed and buffers. Activated carbon not only changes the pH in the rumen, ie neutralizes the acid, but also improves the animal's ability by other actions. Therefore, activated carbon can maximize the digestive function of the ruminant shaft, and can enhance the efficiency of rich feed.

The activated carbon is used in an amount of 0.5 to 7 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mixture consisting of persimmon hulls and gyros, and if the amount is less than 0.5 parts by weight, the effect of addition is insignificant.

Tables 5 and 6 show the chemical properties of activated carbon.

Item moisture Crude protein Crude fat Crude fiber View minutes Average content (%) 22.04 2.57 0.08 31.49 15.86

Item Ca P K Na Mg Fe Mn Zn Cu Average content 1.49% 0.04 0.29% 0.70% 0.22% 0.20% 105 ppm 20 ppm 0 ppm

Each of the components is collected through the raw material selection process to remove contaminants, decaying raw materials and mature raw materials, and then mixed by ratio using a TMR machine after drying the raw materials, and then pulverized to feed powder or pellet feed. Prepare in form.

According to the present invention, the feed for growing cows is preferably in the form of a powdered feed consisting of 5 to 7 parts by weight of activated carbon in 100 parts by weight of the mixture consisting of 60 to 80% by weight of persimmon shell and 20 to 40% by weight of gangue, and the feed for finishing meat is persimmon Pellets feed form consisting of 2 to 4 parts by weight of activated carbon is preferred for 100 parts by weight of a mixture consisting of 40 to 60% by weight of shells and 40 to 60% by weight of pulverized steel. In addition, the feed for late fattening is preferably in the form of a pellet feed composed of 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of activated carbon in 100 parts by weight of a mixture consisting of 20 to 40% by weight of persimmon bark and 60 to 80% by weight of bark. The reason for changing the composition of the composition and the feed type according to the growth period of the livestock is nutrient balance, feed intake, growth rate, farming ratio and high quality meat production.

In addition, the grain size of the feed for rearing cattle is preferably 0.2 mm or more for the reason of enhancing the ruminant function, and the grain size of the feed for the finishing meat is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.05 mm for the reason for promoting the finishing, The size is preferably 0.05 mm or less for the reason of increasing the marbling strength of the sirloin.

According to the present invention, the auxiliary feed composition is fed at 1 to 10% by weight of the rich feed amount. At this time, if the salary amount is less than 1% by weight, there is almost no salary effect. If the salary amount is more than 10% by weight, the effect of increasing the amount of salary is insignificant.

In addition, it is desirable to change the amount of feed for each growing season in terms of high-quality meat production. In the present invention, in the case of rearing cattle, 3% by weight or less is preferable to the rich feed amount, and in the early stages of fattening, 3 to 5% by weight is preferable for the rich feed amount. Preference is given to exceeding% by weight.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1

Feeding for rearing cattle

Persimmon bark and gyros were dried by removing contaminants, spoiled raw materials and aged raw materials, and then placed in a dryer, and the first two hours were opened by opening a ventilator and driving only a fan. After the first drying at about 30 ℃ about 2 hours. Then, secondary drying was performed at about 45 ° C. or higher for at least 20 hours. The dried raw material was mixed with 5 parts by weight of activated carbon to 100 parts by weight of the mixture consisting of 70% by weight persimmon skin and 30% by weight of gangue using a TMR machine, and then ground to prepare a powder feed having a particle size of 0.2 mm or more.

Example 2

Feeding for fattening

Persimmon bark and gyros were dried by removing contaminants, spoiled raw materials and aged raw materials, and then placed in a dryer, and the first two hours were opened by opening a ventilator and driving only a fan. After the first drying at about 30 ℃ about 2 hours. Then, secondary drying was performed at about 45 ° C. or higher for at least 20 hours. The dried raw material was mixed with 100 parts by weight of activated carbon to 100 parts by weight of a mixture consisting of 50% by weight persimmon skin and 50% by weight of a pulverized steel using a TMR machine, and then ground to obtain a powder having a particle size of 0.1 to 0.05 mm. It was molded in the form of pellets. On the other hand, the pellets due to the sugar content and moisture contained in the persimmon shell during the pelletization (natural binding of the persimmon peel itself and moisture).

Example 3

Feed for late finishing

Persimmon bark and gyros were dried by removing contaminants, spoiled raw materials and aged raw materials, and then placed in a dryer, and the first two hours were opened by opening a ventilator and driving only a fan. After the first drying at about 30 ℃ about 2 hours. Then, secondary drying was performed at about 45 ° C. or higher for at least 20 hours. The dried raw material was mixed with 1 part by weight of activated carbon to 100 parts by weight of a mixture consisting of 30% by weight persimmon skin and 70% by weight of steel using a TMR machine, and then pulverized to obtain a powder having a particle size of 0.05 mm or less. It was molded into pellets.

Example 4

The feeds obtained in Examples 1 to 3 were continuously fed to the rearing cattle, the rearing cattle and the late rearing cattle for 24 months, respectively. Salaries were 3%, 4% and 5%, respectively.

In order to examine the efficacy of the feed after feeding, the following table shows the measured food intake, disease incidence, feed efficiency and quality improvement effects of the cows fed the feed according to the present invention and non-feeding cows.

Item Feed intake Disease incidence Feed efficiency (weight gain) Meat improvement effect Grading effect Feed cost reduction Salary upbringing cow 6.7 kg 0% 6.98 (0.96 kg) - - 10% Non-salary rearing cow 6.3 kg 35% 7.50 (0.84 kg) - - - Pay fat 10.5 kg 0% 8.68 (1.21 kg) - - 12% Non-Payment 10.1 kg 15% 9.81 (1.03 kg) - - - Salary 11.6kg 0% 10.09 (1.15 kg) Inorganic ingredients and meat color enhancement Level 1 Appearance 75% 13% Unpaid Reviews 11.1kg 0% 11.44 (0.97 kg) - Grade 1 Appearance 55% -

As can be seen in Table 4, the auxiliary feed composition according to the present invention exhibits water control function, mineral composition enhancement, increased palatability, increased feed intake, reduced antibiotic use, increased feed efficiency and improved meat quality in the ruminant shaft. .

Claims (8)

A supplementary feed composition for ruminant shaft comprising 100 parts by weight of a mixture consisting of 20 to 80% by weight of persimmon shell and 20 to 80% by weight of pulverized steel and 0.5 to 7 parts by weight of activated carbon. According to claim 1, wherein the composition is composed of 5 to 7 parts by weight of activated carbon in 100 parts by weight of the mixture consisting of 60 to 80% by weight persimmon bark and 20 to 40% by weight of gangue, characterized in that it is used as a feed cattle feed in the form of powdered feed. Supplementary feed composition for the ruminant shaft. According to claim 1, wherein the composition is composed of 2 to 4 parts by weight of activated carbon in 100 parts by weight of the mixture consisting of 40 to 60% by weight persimmon bark and 40 to 60% by weight of gangue, it is used as an electric beef feed in the form of pellet feed Supplementary feed composition for the ruminant shaft. According to claim 1, wherein the composition is composed of 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of activated carbon in 100 parts by weight of the mixture consisting of 20 to 40% by weight persimmon shell and 60 to 80% by weight of gangue, it is used as a late beef feed in the form of pellet feed Supplementary feed composition for the ruminant shaft. It is characterized in that the supplementary feed composition for the ruminant shaft consisting of 0.5 to 7 parts by weight of activated carbon to 100 parts by weight of the mixture consisting of 20 to 80% by weight of persimmon shell and 20 to 80% by weight of pulverulum as 1 to 10% by weight of the rich feed amount. How to feed the supplementary feed composition for the ruminant. The method of claim 5, wherein the feed amount is 3% by weight or less relative to the rich feed amount when the ruminant shaft is a rearing cow. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the feed amount is 3 to 5% by weight relative to the rich feed amount when the ruminant shaft is fattened. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein when the ruminant shaft is late fattening, the feed amount exceeds 5% by weight relative to the rich feed amount.