RU2813908C1 - Hammer crusher for wood powder production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: crushers.

SUBSTANCE: hammer crusher is designed for crushing wood and grain materials and can be used in wood processing and agricultural production. The hammer crusher comprises a loading device, a housing 1 separated by a partition with a discharge pipe 2, a fan 9 mounted on the shaft of an electric motor 8 and a hammer rotor 10 in the crushing chamber 22 formed by two disks with pins fixed to them with sets of hammers 21. The crushing chamber 22 is formed along the periphery by a deck 6, on the side of the partition by a wall with a gap in the lower part of the housing 1, on the side of the loading device by a sieve with holes covered with a mesh for separating the crushed material fixed to the sieve with pre-tension. On the side surfaces of the hammers 6 at an angle α at 90°, triangular teeth are cut and sharpened at an angle of 75°; the ratio between the dimensions of the tooth height and the width of the hammer is 1:12.

EFFECT: hammer crusher provides a given degree of grinding of wood materials.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The hammer crusher is designed for grinding wood and grain materials and can be used in the field of wood processing to obtain wood flour, as well as for grinding grain in agricultural production.

A hammer feed crusher is known from the prior art, containing a housing with a crushing chamber formed by sieves along the periphery and side walls, containing inside a vertical dividing partition with a hole in the center, a hammer rotor and a disk-shaped fan with main blades and additional blades radially mounted on it, mounted on one shaft [Patent RU No. 211505 U1 MPK B02C Hammer feed crusher / A.G. Sergeev, publ. 2022 Bulletin. No. 16]. The design of this crusher ensures grain crushing for the needs of feed production to sizes determined by zootechnical requirements. The disadvantages of the working process of the machine in question are as follows: the design of the crusher, designed to work with grain materials, has the ability to install a sieve with a minimum hole diameter of 1 mm, which limits the degree of grinding of wood materials (sawdust, wood chips, etc.) to the required value.

A feed crusher is known [Patent RU No. 122309U1 MPK B02C 13/00 Feed crusher / A.G. Sergeev; publ. November 27, 2012, bulletin. No. 33], which in its design and executed technological process is closest to the proposed invention and is taken as a prototype. The crusher contains a loading device, divided by a partition with a hole in the center, a housing with a discharge pipe, a fan, a hammer rotor in the crushing chamber, formed by two disks with fingers with sets of hammers attached to them, while the crushing chamber along the periphery is formed by a deck, on the side of the loading device - blinds, from the partition side - a wall with a gap in the lower part of the body. The feed crusher of the presented design reliably ensures the technological process of grinding grain materials in the required quantity to the size determined by the zootechnical requirements for crushed grain. The disadvantages of this invention include the following. The design of the feed crusher is intended primarily for grinding grain, therefore the crusher hammers, which are rectangular steel plates, do not provide the required degree of grinding of wood materials; The sizes of the crushing chamber shutter openings also do not provide the required sizes of crushed particles of wood material supplied for processing and do not provide the required degree of grinding of wood materials.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a hammer crusher for producing wood flour, which, due to its technical design, provides the necessary degree of grinding of wood materials.

The proposed invention solves the problem - a hammer crusher for producing wood flour.

A hammer crusher for producing wood flour, containing a loading device, a housing separated by a partition with a discharge pipe, a fan mounted on the electric motor shaft and a hammer rotor in the crushing chamber, formed by two disks with fingers with sets of hammers attached to them, while the crushing chamber along the periphery is formed by a deck , on the side of the partition - a wall with a gap in the lower part of the body, characterized in that on the side surfaces of the hammers along the entire length at an angle α of 90°, triangular teeth are cut, sharpened at an angle β equal to 75°, while the ratio of the dimensions of the tooth height and The width of the hammer is determined as 1:12, and on the side of the loading device, the crushing chamber is formed by a sieve with holes covered with a mesh for separating the crushed material, fixed to the sieve with pre-tension.

The essence of the invention is as follows.

The main difference between the technological process of crushing (grinding) wood materials from crushing grain for feed purposes is a higher degree of grinding - traditional grain crushers do not provide the necessary degree of grinding of wood materials; changes in their design are required. The following changes have been made to the design of the hammer crusher for producing wood flour compared to the prototype: on the side surfaces of the hammers crushing wood material, triangular teeth are cut along the entire length at an angle α of 90°, sharpened at an angle β equal to 75°, with the ratio the dimensions of the tooth height and hammer width are determined as 1:12; On the side of the loading device, the crushing chamber is formed by a sieve with holes covered with a mesh for separating the crushed material, fixed to the sieve with pre-tension.

The working process of crushing material, for example wood, occurs in the crushing chamber of the proposed machine when its particles collide with a hammer or crusher deck; With the new hammer configuration, the number of collisions of particles of the crushed material with the hammer and deck of the proposed machine increases significantly, which increases the degree of its grinding. The use of a sieve for separating crushed material with holes on the side wall of the crushing chamber, covered with a mesh, with pre-tension fixed on the surface of the sieve, also makes it possible to obtain a more crushed product due to the fact that the size of the holes (cells) of the mesh can be significantly smaller than the size of the holes of the grain crusher sieve ( It is known from the prior art that the smallest size of the grain crusher sieve holes is 1 mm) or the shutter gap of the prototype, namely the size of the holes of the separating surface, in our case the size of the holes (cells) of the mesh, determines the size of the particles of the resulting crushed product and, as a consequence, the necessary degree of grinding of the source material.

Thus, the proposed invention solves the problems assigned to it: a hammer crusher for producing wood flour provides, due to its technical design, the necessary degree of grinding of wood materials.

The design diagram of the proposed hammer crusher for producing wood flour and its structural elements is presented in figure 1, figure 2, figure 3.

A hammer crusher for producing wood flour (figure 1) contains a housing 1 with a discharge pipe 2, an ejection track 3, a cover 4. In the cover 4, coaxially with the rotor shaft 10, there is a suction pipe 5. In the housing 1, decks 6 are installed, a frame 7 is attached to the housing 1 electric motor 8, on the shaft of which a fan 9 and a hammer rotor 10 with hammers 21 are installed. The crushing chamber 22 of the hammer crusher is formed along the periphery by decks 6, on the side of the electric motor ε by a wall 11 with a gap 12 for evacuating the crushed product, and on the opposite side ε by a mandrel 13, sieve 14 and mesh 18 (figure 3). There is a gap between the lid 4 and the sieve 14 for the evacuation of the crushed product. The crusher body 1 is internally divided by a partition 19 with a hole 20.

The crusher hammers 21 are conventionally shown in figure 2, made in the form of rectangular plates of length L and width B, on the long side edges of which, along the entire length L, teeth are cut at an angle α = 90°, each of which is sharpened at an angle β = 75°, at In this case, the ratio of the dimensions of the tooth height h and the hammer width B is determined as 1: 12.

The side surface of the crushing chamber, consisting of a mandrel 13 with a pipe 17, assembled with a sieve 14 and a mesh 18, is shown in figure 3. The sieve 14 and the mandrel 13 are made of plates in the form of a circle, holes 15 are cut out on the plates, separated by stiffening ribs 16, and there are also holes in the center of the plates. In the central hole of the mandrel 13, a pipe 17 is installed and secured, the inner diameter of which is larger than the outer diameter of the suction pipe 5 of the cover 4. A mesh 18 with holes (cells) of the required sizes is attached (glued) to the surface of the sieve 14 with tension. The side surface assembly is attached to the crusher body with a screw connection through holes 22 with the cover 23 removed.

A hammer crusher works as follows. The electric motor 8 is turned on, which rotates the fan 9 and the rotor 10. The fan 9 and the rotor 10 create an air flow that moves the material to be crushed through the suction pipe 5 into the crushing chamber 22, where under the action of the hammers 21 of the rotor 10 it is partially destroyed. Part of the material hits the decks 6, is destroyed again, bounces off and again comes under the influence of hammers 21, etc.; Also, partial grinding occurs due to the abrasion of material particles against each other and the crusher elements. Particles of wood material that have reached sizes smaller than the size of the holes (cells) of the mesh 18 are removed as a crushed (final) product from the crushing chamber 22 by air flow through these cells, gaps z, 12 and 20 along the ejection track 3, and then through the discharge pipe 2 along the pipeline is sent to the cyclone.

The grinding of material, for example wood, occurs in the crushing chamber 22 of the proposed machine when its particles collide with the hammer 21 or the crusher deck 6; With the new configuration of the hammer 21, the number of collisions of wood material with the hammer 21 and the crusher deck 6 increases significantly, which increases the degree of its grinding. The use of a sieve 14 with holes 15, closed by a mesh 18, with pre-tension fixed on the surface of the sieve 14, on the side wall of the crushing chamber 22 to separate the crushed material, also makes it possible to obtain a more crushed product, since the size of the holes (cells) of the mesh 18 can be significantly smaller the size of the sieve holes in a grain crusher (from the prior art it is known that the smallest size of the sieve holes in a hammer crusher is 1 mm) or the gap of the blinds in the prototype - namely, the size of the holes of the separating surface, in our case the size of the mesh holes 18, determines the size of the particles of the resulting crushed (final ) of the product and, as a consequence, the required degree of grinding of the starting material.

Thus, the proposed invention solves the problems assigned to it: a hammer crusher for producing wood flour provides, due to its technical design, the necessary degree of grinding of wood materials.

Claims (1)

A hammer crusher for producing wood flour, containing a loading device, a housing separated by a partition with a discharge pipe, a fan mounted on the electric motor shaft and a hammer rotor in the crushing chamber, formed by two disks with fingers with sets of hammers attached to them, while the crushing chamber along the periphery is formed by a deck , from the partition side - a wall with a gap in the lower part of the body, characterized in that on the side surfaces of the hammers along the entire length at an angle α of 90°, triangular teeth are cut, sharpened at an angle β equal to 75°, while the ratio of the dimensions of the tooth height and The width of the hammer is determined as 1:12, and on the side of the loading device, the crushing chamber is formed by a sieve with holes covered with a mesh for separating the crushed material, fixed to the sieve with pre-tension.