RU2809809C1 - Mounted motorized chimney - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chimney engineering.

SUBSTANCE: means intended for removing gaseous products of fuel combustion and other gaseous industrial and household wastes into the atmosphere, in particular during smog. A mounted motorized chimney, designed to increase the height of an existing above-ground chimney, contains a barrel, the lower end of which during smog is attached to the head of the existing above-ground chimney, made telescopic from cylindrical sections with outer and inner collars, and the internal diameter of the lower section exceeds the diameter of the head existing above-ground chimney. At least three solenoids are attached to the wall of the lower section, evenly spaced around the circumference, the ferromagnetic cores of which are extended towards the head, and in the transport state of the mounted motorized chimney, the cores are extended in the opposite direction, entering the holes on the wall of the upper section. At the same time, a biconvex pot made of hollow cones connected to each other by their bases is attached to the upper section on top of the rods, and gas analyzers are installed in the pot, the air sampling tubes of which are brought out, while a multicopter drone with at least four driving propellers.

EFFECT: removing gaseous products of fuel combustion and other gaseous industrial and household wastes into the atmosphere.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

A mounted motorized chimney refers to a means designed to remove gaseous products of fuel combustion and other gaseous industrial and household waste into the atmosphere, in particular during smog.

Smog is a toxic dense fog mixed with smoke, gas waste from production, exhaust gases from cars with engines running on gasoline and diesel fuel, and other gas waste. Surface smog is characterized by a thickness of several tens to hundreds of meters and temperature inversion, that is, an increase in temperature from tenths to 15 - 20 degrees from bottom to top in height, instead of the usual decrease in the earth's atmosphere. Temperature inversion in smog prevents vertical air movement. The upper layers of smog are warmer than the lower ones and act as a kind of “barrier” for the lower ones.

Severe air pollution in large cities and industrial centers is observed when there is calm or weak wind. Also, the location of settlements in the valleys of hills and mountains, that is, the natural geographical condition, plays a role in the appearance of smog. For example, Norilsk, Cherepovets, Novokuznetsk and some others are considered highly polluted towns in the Russian Federation. Smog occurs very often there.

There are known chimneys, including a foundation, base, trunk and head, which are made of brick up to 120 meters high, or reinforced concrete (up to 300 m), or steel sheets (no more than 40 m). Some chimneys are additionally equipped with smoke exhausters to create artificial draft. [“Great Soviet Encyclopedia” T. 8, M., 1972, p. 559.]

The disadvantages of chimneys are:

- low operating efficiency associated with - the impossibility of promptly increasing the height of the existing pipe, on which the natural draft (performance) of the pipe depends;

- low rate of decrease in the concentration of pollutants in flue gases emitted by the chimney into the atmosphere naturally;

- unreliability of emission indicators, inconsistency of sampling points and lack of gas treatment plants" [Based on the results of inspections by the State Natural Resources Supervision Service of the Russian Federation on behalf of the President of the Russian Federation in accordance with the federal project "Clean Air", the duration of which has been extended until 2026].

A chimney is known (SU 1121542 A IPC F23J 11/00 publ. 10/30/1984), containing a barrel equipped in the upper part with a conical head, in the cavity of which a gas emission accelerator is mounted in the form of a chamber with inlet and outlet openings, in the cavity of which a flexible diaphragm with axial movement drive. The gas emission acceleration chamber is made in the form of a cone expanding downward, formed by an elastically flexible spiral tape, the outer edge of each turn of which is equipped with a side, and the flexible diaphragm in the lower part of the screw chamber is equipped with a weight and an axial movement drive with a trigger mechanism.

The disadvantage of this device is that it is difficult to operate, maintain and repair at altitude. There is also a low coefficient of efficiency (COP) due to the design of the device blocking the useful cross-sectional area of the pipe, which significantly reduces natural draft, and the energy of the device is wasted on this.

A chimney module (options) is known (RU 113289 U1 MPK E04H 12/28, published 02/30/2012), having a “pipe-in-pipe” type structure, containing an outer metal barrel and an inner metal gas exhaust pipe, the gap between which is filled with heat-insulating material, at least two gaskets that tightly close the specified gap at the top and bottom. The outer metal barrel is made in the form of a hollow part of variable cross-section, and the metal gas exhaust pipe is made in the form of a truncated cone, and they are installed with narrowed parts in opposite directions and are equipped with limiters. The outer metal trunk and the inner metal gas exhaust pipe are located coaxially with the axis of the chimney module.

The disadvantage of this module is the impossibility of adjusting the stationary height of the chimney if its height is less than the thickness of ground-level smog fog. In the event that it is built with the required height exceeding the thickness of the ground-level smog fog, then it will end up with a large excess mass and with a waste of material for the foundation and its dimensions during the absence of smog fog. In this case, additional devices will appear (for example, cable braces) to create its stability.

A device for eliminating smog in urban conditions is known (RU No. 198561, IPC E21F 1/08, published July 15, 2020), including a support frame, an elastic exhaust pipe with a toroidal chamber filled with a light inert gas. The supporting frame of the device is made of at least three racks connected at the top by an annular ceiling. An axial fan is mounted on the supporting frame, enclosed in a guide metal pipe connected to an elastic exhaust pipe. At least three winches with braking devices, and the toroidal chamber is connected to the winches using tension ropes. Under the influence of the lifting force, the torus-shaped chamber rises and carries the elastic exhaust pipe upward, that is, it performs the function of a lift. The length of the elastic pipe is designed so that the toroidal chamber is above the upper city smog. In this case, the elastic exhaust pipe is made of polyethylene terephthalate or rubber.

The upper part of the elastic exhaust pipe with a toroidal chamber is installed above the upper warm layer of smog. Thus, the polluted smog air is released into the atmosphere above the smog, cleaning the city.

The disadvantages of this device include:

- the impossibility of determining the concentration of pollutants in the smoke after it leaves the chimney;

- impossibility of working at high wind speeds;

- the inability to penetrate the upper warm layer of smog with a pipe or flue gas, which is an obstacle to the emission of flue gases above the smog, with its considerable height.

In the proposed invention, the problems of reducing the concentration of harmful substances in the ground layer of air are solved by increasing the height of the emission of flue gases and their accelerated dispersion.

The technical solution to these problems lies in the fact that the device includes smoke pipe sections telescopically connected to each other of the same length, but with different diameters, made of durable, air-tight, heat-resistant material.

To move the device through the air, a drone is used (a multicopter with at least four main rotors).

A biconvex umbrella is fixedly attached to the drone body from below on rods, its diameter slightly exceeding the overall dimensions of the drone in plan. The upper part of the biconvex umbrella is made of durable, airtight, heat-resistant material and is a hollow cone, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the device. The lower part of the umbrella is made of the same material, only with an inverted cone, having an apex angle greater than the apex angle of the upper cone.

The drone, together with a biconvex umbrella, is used in a new capacity as an ejector-smoke exhauster, accelerating the reduction of the concentration of pollutants in the mixture of smoke with clean atmospheric air, as well as increasing the draft of the existing ground-based chimney.

Inside the biconvex umbrella there are gas analyzers, the air intake tubes of which extend outside the umbrella at the required distance from the axis of the device for sampling the concentration, volume and mass of pollutants,

Attached to the umbrella from below on rods is the upper section, the largest in diameter, to which an intermediate section (there may be several of them) and a lower section of the smallest diameter, slightly larger than the diameter of the head of the existing above-ground chimney, are telescopically connected. At the lower end of the lower section, on its outside wall, at least three solenoids are attached evenly around the circumference.

The ferromagnetic cores of the solenoids have the ability to move both towards the head of the existing chimney and away from the head. In the latter case, the ferromagnetic cores fit into the holes located in the lower part of the wall of the upper section. The cores are in this position when the device is transported by air.

The source of electric current, the drone battery charger and the device control panel are located separately on the ground and connected by conductors to the device (not shown in the drawings).

The proposed invention achieves the technical result consisting of:

- in increasing the natural and forced draft (performance) of the existing chimney by increasing the height of the emission of flue gases and by using a drone with a biconvex umbrella as an ejector-smoke exhauster;

- in measuring the concentration of pollutants in smoke after it is released into the atmosphere, in order to obtain reliable readings;

- reducing the concentration, volume and mass of pollutants immediately after their release into the atmosphere, by increasing the rate of mixing of smoke with clean atmospheric air;

- the ability to work at significant wind speeds (excluding hurricanes);

- in the efficiency of installation and dismantling, that is, in little time spent on installing the device on an existing chimney in the event of smog and on removing it from this pipe after the smog ends.

The present invention is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a section along the axis of symmetry of a non-working device, but ready for transportation by air, excluding sections of factory components (drone, gas analyzers and solenoids); FIG. Figure 2 shows the device in working condition, mounted on an existing chimney.

Drone 1 is connected from below to a biconvex umbrella 2 by rods 3, evenly spaced around the circumference (at least four). The biconvex umbrella 2 is made in the form of two hollow cones, fastened to each other by bases. In this case, the angle at the apex of the upper cone is less than the angle at the apex of the lower one.

The biconvex umbrella 2 is connected from below to the upper section 4 of the device by rods 5, also evenly spaced around the circumference (at least four). The example shows only one intermediate section 6 of the device. Their number can be any, depending on the thickness of the smog fog, so that in the operating position, section 4 of the device is above the upper warm layer of smog.

Solenoids 8 (at least three) are attached to the lower part of the wall of the lower section 7 of the device from the outside, evenly spaced around the circumference. Solenoids 8 are de-energized during transportation. Therefore, the ferromagnetic cores 9 of all solenoids are extended away from the axis of the device under the action of springs located inside the solenoids, and are inserted into holes 10 (see Fig. 2) made in the lower part of the wall of the upper section 4.

All telescopic sections of the device - upper 4, intermediate 6 and lower 7, of the same length - are assembled together. The sections and biconvex umbrella 2 are made of durable, airtight and heat-resistant material, for example, fiberglass produced by Avangard JSC.

Inside the biconvex umbrella 2 there are gas analyzers 11. Tubes 12 of gas analyzers 11, intended for sampling, are passed through the wall of the umbrella outward to the required distance from the axis of the device and are located in plan around the circumference at an angle of 90 degrees to each other. Gas analyzers 11 are configured for specific pollutants.

In the transport state (as shown in Fig. 1), the device is lifted using drone 1 and placed on the head 13 of the existing chimney. In this case, they try to ensure that one of the four intake tubes 12 of the gas analyzers 11 is directed to one of the four cardinal directions (north, south, west and east), in order to take into account the influence of wind direction on the readings. Sampling is carried out in two places: one directly in the area of the upper edge of tube 4 and the second in the area of the mixture of smoke with clean atmospheric air. This ensures the reliability of gas analyzer readings.

After the inner flange 14 of the lower section 7 rests on the end of the head 13, the solenoids 8 are turned on. In this case, the ferromagnetic cores 9 of all solenoids move in the direction of the head 13 and rest against the head 13 of the operating pipe, thereby ensuring stationary fastening of the lower section 7 to the head .

After this, the drone 1 is moved upward and with it the biconvex umbrella 2, the upper section 4, and with it the intermediate section 6 are lifted due to the telescopic coupling of the beads, internal 15 and external 16, made on the walls of adjacent sections. Each of these beads forms a gap between them and the walls of adjacent sections, allowing the sections to move freely relative to each other along the axis of the device. At the same time, the beads of all adjacent sections fit tightly on a horizontal plane, preventing the infiltration of foreign air, which can reduce the draft in the pipe.

Drone 1 is transferred to the “hover” state when all sections are in working condition.

The main rotors-propellers 17 of the drone 1 form an active air flow from top to bottom, which has a high speed compared to the passive flow of smoke. This active flow, with the help of a biconvex umbrella 2, is directed in all directions from the axis of the device. Due to the high speed, a vacuum is created in the active flow and the flow from the propellers is entrained by a flow of smoke that has a lower speed. The phenomenon of ejection occurs. Forced draft is added to natural draft, that is, the productivity of the existing chimney increases. Drone 1, together with a biconvex umbrella 2, performs the function of an ejector-smoke exhauster. Also, due to the intensive mixing of flue gases with clean atmospheric air, the reduction in the concentration of pollutants in their mixture is accelerated.

Drone 1's motors receive electrical current through wires from an installation located on the ground. Due to the fact that it is possible to recharge the drone from the ground, the time the drone remains in the air is essentially unlimited.

To dismantle the device from an existing chimney, it is necessary to lower the drone 1, together with the biconvex umbrella 2 and the upper section 4, to the non-working position. At the same time, the intermediate section 6 will also lower under the influence of gravity. Then, turn off the voltage in the solenoids 8 and transfer the ferromagnetic cores 9 from the head 13 of the operating pipe under the action of the solenoid springs so that they enter the holes 10 made in the lower part of the wall of the upper section 4.

After this, the entire device is lifted using drone 1 and sent to the place on the ground intended for its storage.

Let us show what formula is used to determine the natural draft (performance) of the pipe Q.

Q=CA

C is the flow coefficient, which takes into account the friction of air against the pipe walls (usually taken from 0.65 to 0.70);

A - chimney cross-section, ^m2 (implying constant);

g - free fall acceleration, 9.807 m ;

H - pipe height, m;

Ti - average temperature inside the pipe, K;

To - outside air temperature, K.

It follows from the formula that the higher the pipe and the temperature difference between the smoke and the outside air, the greater the natural draft of the pipe. This means that the proposed invention helps to increase the height of the existing chimney and, accordingly, the natural draft of the existing chimney.

However, previously, smog did not take into account the thickness of ground-level smog. Many existing chimneys are designed for normal operation, but under unfavorable meteorological conditions, that is, smog, they emit harmful substances directly into the smog itself.

Therefore, it is necessary to enter Hc into the formula instead of the height H of the pipe, where the additional height of the pipe created by the proposed invention will be taken into account. Moreover, the total height Hc must necessarily exceed, without limitation, the level (height from the ground) of the upper warm layer of smog. This event improves environmental conditions for city residents.

A device for quickly increasing the height of a chimney during smog has the ability to move through the air and “hover” in the air using the engines and driving propellers of the drone. To install it on the head of an existing pipe and to remove it from the head, no lifting mechanisms or structures are required.

The use of a device for quickly increasing the height of the chimney during smog allows for constant monitoring of the concentrations, volumes and mass of emitted pollutants with smoke, which increases the reliability of the emission and can influence the amount of fines (to a greater or lesser extent) for violation of the ecological environment.

It is also possible to use a device to increase the draft of an existing chimney during smog in industries that have ceased operation (closed, bankrupt), for example, in boiler houses with low chimneys. They will turn from smoke pipes into ventilation pipes, which will additionally provide ventilation (airing) to the populated area.

It is also possible to connect the device to an existing chimney, in order to increase the number of basic production equipment, even in adverse weather conditions.

Claims (3)

1. A mounted motorized chimney designed to increase the height of an existing above-ground chimney and containing a barrel, the lower end of which during smog is attached to the head of the existing above-ground chimney and is made telescopic from cylindrical sections with external and internal collars, and the internal diameter of the lower section exceeds the diameter of the head of an existing ground-based chimney, and on the wall of the lower section are attached at least three solenoids, evenly spaced around the circumference, the ferromagnetic cores of which are extended towards the head, and in the transport state of the mounted motorized chimney, the cores are extended in the opposite direction, entering the holes on the wall upper section, while a biconvex umbrella made of hollow cones connected to each other by their bases is attached to the upper section on top of the rods, and gas analyzers are installed in the umbrella, the air sampling tubes of which are brought out, while a drone is permanently attached to the upper part of the umbrella on the rods – a multicopter with at least four driving propellers. 2. A mounted motorized chimney according to claim 1, in which the biconvex umbrella is made with a diameter exceeding the overall dimensions of the drone in plan, and the angle at the apex of the lower cone is greater than the angle at the apex of the upper cone. 3. A mounted motorized chimney according to claim 1, in which the biconvex umbrella and sections of the telescopic shaft are made of durable, airtight and heat-resistant material.