RU2780896C1 - Method for city ventilation during smog - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: favorable conditions creation.

SUBSTANCE: method is intended to create favorable conditions for people in mines, in deep quarries, in dusty workshops and in residential buildings. A method for ventilating a city during a smog period using an elastic exhaust pipe longer than the smog thickness with a toroidal chamber filled with a light inert gas and equipped with an axial exhaust fan. At the same time, clean air from the atmosphere, located above the smog, is sucked in with the help of an aeronautical bladed device, which is kept in the “hovering” position in the air at the level of the upper heated layer of smog, destroying the temperature inversion of the smog, and using it, clean air is blown from top to bottom through the airtight elastic sleeve attached to the aeronautical bladed device. Then, along the receiving ground box and along the branches of the box, they are directed to crowded places where polluted air is mixed with clean air. At the same time, the air used by people is displaced by clean air through open openings and picked up by an external artificial draft wind created by an axial fan of an elastic exhaust pipe and the mixture is pushed through the pipe into the atmosphere above the top layer of smog.

EFFECT: destruction of the uppermost warm layer of smog and thereby eliminating the temperature inversion of smog, in supplying clean air to the city and in eliminating polluted air from the city, in reducing the concentration of harmful emissions, that is, in improving the ecological environment for the population in the town.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The method of airing the city during the smog period refers to supply and exhaust methods and devices (ventilation) designed to create favorable conditions for people in mines, in deep quarries, in dusty workshops and in residential buildings. Ground smog is a poisonous dense fog mixed with smoke, gas waste from production, emissions from vehicles with engines powered by fuel combustion, and other human waste.

Surface smog is characterized by a thickness from the ground up to 70 meters or more and temperature inversion, that is, an increase in temperature from tenths to 15-20 degrees in height instead of the usual decrease. Temperature inversion in smog prevents vertical air movement. Severe air pollution in large cities and industrial centers is observed during calm or light winds. The location of settlements in the valleys of hills and mountains also plays a role in the appearance of smog. Dense urban development, high-rise buildings, narrow and long city highways do not allow harmful emissions to dissipate evenly and move freely in the atmosphere, so many air pollutants linger in the city volume, and some of them settle on buildings and land. At the same time, there is an increased concentration of harmful impurities in the air: carbon monoxide, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrogen chloride, ozone, suspended dust particles PM2.5 and PM10, volatile organic compounds and pesticides that exceed the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC).

There are known ways to reduce the impact of smog on the livelihoods of the population during the declared period of emergency (ES) by transferring industrial enterprises to reduced productivity, and the population is recommended to close the windows tightly. Such methods of eliminating smog are ineffective.

Known "System and method for the output of harmful emissions from industrial enterprises beyond the boundaries of the air basin of the city" (RU No. 2 740 279, IPC A01G 15/00, E04H 12/00, F24F3/16, B01D 53/00 publ. 12.01 2021), which represents a system of pipelines of various diameters, having at least one main common circuit for the total emission flow from all enterprises. One or more pipelines are connected to the common circuit, having a radial direction relative to the city center and the main circuit. It provides for the transport of harmful emissions from industrial enterprises by means of blowing fans or a compressor station in a radial direction from the city center. Each section of pipelines is equipped with shut-off valves - valves. All lines of pipelines of the contour and radial throughout the entire length are rigidly fixed to the ground, for example, by piles and / or anchor fastenings using clamps. For work, they create a map of the "wind rose" and places for dumping emissions with their coordinates. Measure the heights of the release points above sea level relative to the pipeline. Estimate the approximate volume of the possibility of accepting emissions and their dispersion per unit of time. Opening/closing of shut-off valves - valves is carried out on command synchronously. The head of the pipeline at the outlet of harmful emissions is divided into several air outlet pipelines - sleeves installed vertically, the total cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bwhich significantly exceeds the cross-sectional area of any pipeline to reduce the gas flow rate at the outlet.

The disadvantages of the known system are:

- low efficiency of smog elimination, since the system works only to extract polluted air from the city;

- the upper warm layer of smog is not eliminated - one of the causes of smog;

- the impossibility of reducing the concentration of harmful emissions in the entire volume of the air sphere of the city from other pollutants, for example, from automobile exhausts and others.

It is also known "Device to reduce the level of smog" (RU No. 2702610, MGZH F24F 13/02, F24F 13/28, F03D 9/37, publ. 19.12 2018), containing an air manifold connected to an air duct, made in the form of a single structure, having an inlet lower and outlet upper openings and installed vertically or obliquely on the wall of a house or a mountain slope or on balloons. At the same time, the air duct is configured to accommodate air flow filtering devices, one of which is configured to condense water from the air flow, and the air collector is configured to heat the air flow coming from the surrounding space. In a particular case, the air collector and the air duct are made inflatable, containing multilayer skins, made with the possibility of filling with gas or air, with the possibility of subsequent filling in the inflated position with a hardening material. In addition, in the air manifold there is a heating source for the air flow coming from the surrounding space, made either in the form of a supplied heat carrier or in the form of an internal heat source. It is possible that the air collector is made with a transparent outer side, and the rest of it is made in the form of elements that absorb and accumulate solar energy. It is also possible that a wind turbine is placed in the air duct and can be connected to an electric generator. In addition, it is possible that the outer surface of the structure is made with the possibility of placing solar photovoltaic cells on it. Alternatively, balloons can be made in the form of toroids or other configurations so that the lower ones are smaller than those located above.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- low efficiency of smog elimination, since it works only to extract polluted air from the city;

- the upper warm layer of smog is not eliminated - one of the causes of smog;

- the impossibility of reducing the concentration of harmful emissions in the entire volume of the air sphere of the city.

The closest technical solution is a device for eliminating smog in urban environments (RU No. 198561, MGZH E21F 1/08, published on 07/15/2020), including a support frame, an elastic exhaust pipe with a toroidal chamber filled with a light inert gas. The supporting frame of the device is made of at least three racks connected at the top by an annular overlap. An axial fan is mounted on the support frame, enclosed in a guide metal pipe connected to an elastic exhaust pipe. At least three winches with braking devices are evenly placed on the annular ceiling along the circumference, and the toroidal chamber is connected to the winches by means of tension ropes. At the same time, the elastic exhaust pipe is made of polyethylene terephthalate or rubber and has a length greater than the thickness of the smog layer. Thus polluted air smog is emitted into the atmosphere above the smog.

The disadvantages of this device include the low efficiency of eliminating smog, since it only works to extract polluted air from the city, the impossibility of eliminating the upper warm layer of smog - one of the causes of smog, the impossibility of reducing the concentration of harmful emissions in the entire volume of the air sphere of the city.

The technical problem solved by the invention is to destroy the uppermost warm layer of smog and eliminate the temperature inversion of smog, to supply clean air to the city and to eliminate polluted air from the city, to reduce the concentration of harmful emissions, that is, to improve the ecological environment for the population in city.

The solution to the existing problem is carried out by the method of ventilating the city during the smog period using a flexible exhaust pipe with a toroidal chamber filled with a light inert gas, longer than the thickness of the smog, equipped with an axial exhaust fan, according to the invention, clean air from the atmosphere above the smog is sucked in by an aeronautical bladed device , which is kept in the position of "hanging" in the air in the region of the upper heated layer of smog, destroying the temperature inversion of the smog, and, with its help, clean air is pumped from top to bottom along

an airtight elastic sleeve attached to an aeronautical bladed device, and then through a receiving ground box and through the branches of the box, it is directed to crowded places where polluted air is mixed with clean air, and the air used by people is displaced by clean air through open openings and picked up by external artificial wind - a draft created by an axial fan of a flexible chimney and push the mixture through the chimney into the atmosphere above the top layer of smog. As an aeronautical paddle device, a two-axle helicopter equipped with a lifting mechanism is used. An unmanned radio-controlled drone equipped with a lifting mechanism is used as an aeronautical paddle device. The receiving ground box and its branches are made of dense airtight material.

The proposed invention achieves a technical result consisting in the destruction of the uppermost warm layer of smog, and thereby eliminating the temperature inversion of smog, supplying clean air to the city and eliminating polluted air from the city, reducing the concentration of harmful emissions, that is, improving the ecological environment for the people in the city.

The proposed method of airing the city during the smog period is illustrated by a diagram showing: an aeronautical paddle device 1 connected by means of a hook 2 and a loop 3 with an airtight elastic sleeve 4, which has an upper rigid rim 5, bursting with radial ribs 6 connected in the center of the rim 5 and attached to them by a loop 3. In the lower part of the airtight elastic sleeve there is a lower rigid rim 7, through which the airtight elastic sleeve 4 is connected to the ground receiving box 8, which has branches (not shown in the diagram). The exhaust elastic pipe 9 has a toroidal chamber 10 filled with a light inert gas and held by cables 11 stocked on drums of electric winches 12 mounted on a support frame 13. The lower end of the exhaust elastic pipe 9 is fixed on a metal pipe 14. Under the frame 13 there is an opening 15, and in the frame itself there is a hole 16, above which an axial fan 17 is installed. drone), with the help of which clean air is sucked in from the atmosphere above the smog, capturing part of the upper, most heated layer of smog, and pumping it from top to bottom along a special airtight elastic sleeve 4 suspended on a hook 2 of the lifting mechanism of the aeronautical bladed device 1. Clean air reaches the receiving ground box 8 along the sleeve 4. The diameter of the airtight elastic sleeve 4 is commensurate with the diameter of the main rotor of the aeronautical blade device 1.

The airtight elastic sleeve 4 is hung on the hook 2 by means of a loop 3, fixed on the radial ribs 6, which expand the upper rigid rim 5 of the airtight elastic sleeve 4. Then, clean air is constantly directed from the ground receiving box 8 along its branches to crowded premises: stations, schools , hospitals, shopping and entertainment centers, and others. In these crowded rooms, people breathe clean air, as a result of which they ventilate their lungs. From these rooms, the air used by people is squeezed out with clean air through windows, vents and doors to the outside and connected to the flow of external artificial wind-draft, which is created by simultaneously increasing pressure using the aeronautical bladed device 1 and lowering the pressure (vacuum) caused by axial fan 17 of the elastic pipe 9. As a result of the pressure difference, an artificial wind effect is obtained - a draft. Smog polluted air is sucked in by an axial fan 17 through openings 15 between the racks under the exhaust elastic pipe 9 and the same axial fan 17 smog is pushed out through the exhaust elastic pipe 9 into the atmosphere above the upper warm layer of smog 18.

The implementation of the method of airing the city during the smog period is shown in the following example.

As an aeronautical paddle device 1 in the present invention, any twin-screw coaxial helicopters or remote-controlled drones equipped with a lifting mechanism can be used.

Due to the rotation of the blades of the aeronautical bladed device 1, a lifting force is generated that acts on the device 1 from the bottom-up, and the reactive force acts on the air, which is repelled from the device 1 from the top-down. Aeronautical device 1 has the ability to "hover" in the air, that is, to maintain its position in the same place. In this state, the device 1, in fact, performs the function of a fan.

For example, consider a Mi-10K helicopter designed to perform construction and installation work and operating as a flying crane in the construction of high-rise buildings and structures, and a Ka-18 helicopter.

The Mi-10K type helicopter has the following performance characteristics (LTC): main rotor diameter - 35 m; practical ceiling - 4750 m; practical range - 770 km; cruising speed - 228 km / h.

где L - дальность и V – скорость вертолета, определяем ориентировочно время Т, которое вертолет может непрерывно находиться в воздухе. Для вертолета типа Ми-10К оно составляет ориентировочно три часа.According to the known dependence

where L is the range and V is the speed of the helicopter, we determine the approximate time T that the helicopter can continuously be in the air. For a Mi-10K helicopter, it is approximately three hours.

The helicopter type Ka-18 has performance characteristics: main rotor diameter - 10 m; practical ceiling - 3500 m; ferry flight range - 1000 km; cruising speed - 130 km / h. For a helicopter of the Ka-18 type, the approximate time of continuous stay of the helicopter in the air is 7.6 hours.

We draw attention to the diameters of the rotors of the presented helicopters (30 and 10 m), in proportion to which a special airtight elastic sleeve 4 is made, suspended from the hook 2 of the helicopter lifting mechanism using a loop 3, fixed on the radial ribs 6, which burst the upper rigid rim 5 of the special airtight elastic sleeve 4. The clean air thrown by the helicopter is directed down to the lower rigid rim 7, tightly connected to the receiving ground box 8 with branches, through which clean air is supplied to crowded places (stations, markets, transport stops, etc.) and also to side of the exhaust elastic pipe 9, which is constantly working during the emergency. The pipe 9 is supported in a vertical position by means of a toroidal chamber 10 filled with a light inert gas and cables 11 stored on the drums of electric winches 12 mounted on a support frame 13. The lower end of the exhaust elastic pipe 9 is fixed on a metal pipe 14. Polluted air, lower layers The smog entering through the openings 15 under the frame 13 and through the hole 16 is pushed out by the axial fan 17 through the exhaust flexible pipe 9 into the atmosphere above the warm smog layer 18.

The mode of ventilation of the city during the period of smog is continuous until the end of the emergency. It is possible to change helicopters and their types.

The sequence of actions for implementing the proposed method is as follows:

1. Initially, the elastic pipe 9 is installed vertically;

2. An artificial wind-draft is created in the city with the help of an axial fan 17 and with its help the polluted air is thrown out through the exhaust elastic pipe 9;

3. Raise into the air aeronautical device 1 with an airtight elastic sleeve 4 suspended from it;

4. Set aeronautical device 1 in the state of "hover" in the area of the upper warm layer 18 smog;

5. The aeronautic device 1 sucks clean air from the atmosphere located above the warm smog layer 18;

6. Clean air is directed through the airtight elastic sleeve 4 from top to bottom to the ground receiving box 8;

7. Through the outlets of the ground receiving box 8, clean air is sent to crowded places;

8. Fill crowded places with clean air, squeezing out polluted air;

9. Use clean air for people to breathe;

10. They displace the air used by people together with excess clean air, combining it with the flow of artificial wind-draft.

Using the proposed method of airing the city, the temperature inversion of smog is destroyed and the polluted air of the city is replaced during an emergency with clean atmospheric air.

Claims (4)

1. A method for ventilating a city during a smog period using an elastic exhaust pipe longer than the thickness of smog with a toroidal chamber filled with a light inert gas and equipped with an axial exhaust fan, characterized in that clean air from the atmosphere, located above the smog, is sucked in using an aeronautical bladed device , which is kept in the “hovering” position in the air at the level of the upper heated layer of smog, destroying the temperature inversion of smog, and with its help clean air is pumped from top to bottom along an airtight elastic sleeve attached to an aeronautical bladed device, and then along a receiving ground box and along the branches of the box are directed to crowded places where polluted air is mixed with clean air, and the air used by people is displaced by clean air through open openings and picked up by an external artificial draft wind created by an axial fan of an elastic exhaust pipe and the mixture is pushed out through a pipe into the atmosphere above the top layer of smog. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a two-axle helicopter equipped with a lifting mechanism is used as an aeronautical paddle device. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an unmanned radio-controlled drone equipped with a lifting mechanism is used as an aeronautical paddle device. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the receiving ground box and its branches are made of a dense airtight material.

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