WO2009008763A1

WO2009008763A1 - Wind-electric power generation by using the structure of a residential building

Info

Publication number: WO2009008763A1
Application number: PCT/RU2007/000582
Authority: WO
Inventors: Vladimir Vladimirovich Tebuev
Original assignee: Vladimir Vladimirovich Tebuev
Priority date: 2007-07-12
Filing date: 2007-10-23
Publication date: 2009-01-15
Also published as: RU2369772C2; RU2007126567A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for generating electric power by means of wind flow, consisting in catching, reorienting a horizontal wind flow towards a vertical working channel for rotating the rotor of a generator located therein and for producing electric power. The invention is based on a so-called 'draft effect', which is generated in a vertical enough tall chimney. Said effect is commonly used in factory chimney, ventilation shafts of habitable inner spaces etc. Additional devices are used for accelerating the wind flow in the chimney at the entry (at the bottom) and the exit (at the top) thereof. Said devices are shaped and used for reinforcing and converting the horizontal wind flow into a vertical flow. The rotor in the form of a noiseless Archimedes screw (3) is recommended to be used as the rotor of a generator located in the chimney. The generator (8) is arranged in an independent underground facility and is mounted on a separate basement (7). The noiseless operation, the protection and inaccessibility of the moving elements of the structure make it possible to use the inventive electric power generating method in towns by erecting buildings provided with an air channel. Thus, any residential building using the disclosed wind-electric power generating method in the structure thereof, becomes either an independent or in part independent producer of electric energy for its own needs. It is recommended to use the wind-electric energy generation principles in all tower buildings under construction.

Description

WIND ELECTRICITY GENERATION USING THE DESIGN OF THE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of generating energy from a wind flow, and specifically to the field of using the “drawing” effect in high pipes and using this effect to spin a generator turbine placed in such a pipe.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Today, wind power generators are actively used all over the world, they are especially popular in Germany. According to Bild der Wissenschaft, a total of 13,759 wind turbines were operating in Germany at the end of 2002, with a total capacity of more than 12 thousand megawatts, and it is predicted that by 2030 Germany will satisfy almost a third of its electricity demand through wind turbines. There are two types of wind power generators - horizontal and vertical type.

The most common constructive solution of a wind generator is a horizontal type vane turbine mounted on a support. It consists of a support, a turbine and a generator with a weather vane. The detailed design of this wind generator is publicly available and is found in any specialized sources. Powerful wind generators from 25 kW and above are used on an industrial scale, the manufacture and installation is financed, mainly by the government, operate in a single power grid. Wind generators below 25 kW are used in private and collective use. Set far beyond the city limits.

Less common, due to the complexity of the design and low power output, is a vertical wind generator. A typical design solution of a vertical electric generator is the generator described in patent RU JNs 2000469 1993. The principle of operation of such generators is based on the passage of a horizontal wind flow through the rotor blades and its promotion. The advantage of this design is its low dependence on wind speed, i.e. even at high wind speeds, stable generator operation is observed.

The proposed principle of wind power generation is fundamentally different from the existing types of wind power generation. Disclosure of invention

Existing wind turbines that use kinetic wind energy to spin the turbine of a generator have one common drawback: installation of these plants requires a place with a constant and sufficient wind power, this place is usually far from electricity consumers, which means laying long electrical communications, as well as the manufacture of an expensive wind box and supporting structures necessary for the efficient operation of the generator, which pays for a long time. The stated technical problem is solved in that the air channel mounted in the typical structure of the residential building of FIG. 1 acts as a channel for the promotion of the generator rotor and power generation.

A typical building, in this case a round shape, standing on four pillars, with the possibility of passage of air between them for the lower entrance to the air shaft. It is possible to use side shafts at the base of the building for air intake. The generation of electricity in this case is characterized by the effect of "drawing" from the difference in height of the inlet and outlet, which creates a constant vertical air draft and rotation of the turbine blades. To increase air draft, several design solutions can be used: firstly, this is the use of a diffuser at the upper outlet of the air channel.

To obtain the maximum effect of using a diffuser, which is characterized by the expansion of the air channel upwards, it is implied to install a large area aerodynamic weather vane nozzle (AFS) on it (Fig. 1 and 3). The AFS operation is characterized as follows: in the presence of wind, (AFS) automatically turns to the wind, a “wing” effect of a large area appears and enhanced air intake starts from a narrower air channel with a generator rotor located in it. The FSA can also play the role of the roof of a building, as It has a solid surface, covers the entire area of the upper part of the building and is recommended for manufacture from polymeric materials. The main requirement for the AFS is that, along with the air suction function, it must be able to turn freely, silently to the wind. secondly, the use of a prism guide at the lower entrance to the air channel, which directs the horizontal air flow near the ground into the vertical air channel (Fig. 2). Alternatively, you can use automatic a rotary damper, which, under the influence of wind, turns in the right direction and blocks the air outlet in the horizontal direction, directing the entire air flow upward into the air channel (Fig. 3). These devices are characterized by the ability to redirect the horizontal wind flow near the ground to the vertical. thirdly, the installation of an air channel on concrete supports, the role of which is characterized by trapping and increasing the speed to the entrance to the air flow channel near the ground, and the direction of the wind does not play a role.

Together, these design features (air duct, diffuser, aerodynamic weather vane nozzle, rotary damper, supports and the generator itself with a turbine) form a single design that allows the most efficient use of air mass movement and opens up a new principle of wind power generation - electricity generation directly in the city, in residential buildings. The technical result is the generation of electricity directly near the consumer, as a result of which there is a significant saving on reducing the number of long electrical communications between the electricity source - the city CHP and the consumer - the residential building, as well as the possibility of surplus generated electricity to be transferred (sold) to a single city electric network. An environmental result, expressed in reducing the load on urban CHP plants, is also important, which helps to reduce the emission of harmful substances into the air of cities.

The specified technical result is achieved by generating electricity using a wind generator, the rotor of which is placed in a vertical air channel located in the construction of a residential or industrial building.

Brief Description of Drawings FIG. 1 shows:

1. A rotary aerodynamic vane nozzle mounted on a diffuser creates a “wing effect” to enhance air exhaust from the air channel;

2. building building, residential blocks;

3. a screw turbine (generator rotor) in the air duct;

4. turbine shaft;

5. air flow direction; 6. building support, also acting as an air trap;

7. separate generator foundation;

8. generator.

In the top view, the arrows show the movement of the wind. On the left half of the top view is the air stream at the outlet of the air channel (above), on the right half is the air stream at the entrance to the air channel (bottom). In FIG. 2 shown:

5. air flow direction;

6. support of the building; 9. a directing prism passively redirects the horizontal wind flow upward;

10. turbine shaft.

In FIG. 3 and 4 show:

5. air flow direction; 6. support of the building;

10. turbine shaft;

11. the upper ring bearing of the rotary damper;

12. rotary damper, rotates by wind force, redirects horizontal wind flow up; 13. The lower bearing of the rotary damper;

In FIG. 5 shows:

1. a rotary aerodynamic weather vane nozzle (AFS) mounted on a diffuser creates a “wing effect” to create rarefaction and enhance air exhaust from the air channel; 2. building building, residential blocks;

14. The wing of the rotary AFN necessary for turning the inclined surface to the wind, acts as a weather vane;

15. ring bearing AFN;

16. expansion of the air channel - diffuser; The arrows show the lateral wind and its effect on the acceleration of the flow of air passing through the air channel.

The implementation of the invention

The implementation of the invention involves the involvement of specialists in the field of power generation, aerodynamics and architecture to create standard projects of energy-saving (energy-generating) buildings. All structural elements for the implementation of the proposed method of power generation are typical, or they are easy to manufacture. Installation of elements occurs during the construction of a residential building. Electricity generation occurs in the presence of a minimum (3-4 m / s) air flow in the air channel, sufficient to rotate the generator rotor. The taller the building, the more pronounced the “exhaust” effect and the stronger the air draft. The optimal diameter of the air channel, as well as the shape of the turbine and its blades, must be calculated depending on the height of the building and the required power of the generating unit. The optimal height of the building (taking into account studies in the field of wind speed from height) from 80 meters and above. The design of the generator, shaft and turbine are not in contact with the building. The generator is located below ground level and is installed on a separate foundation. This is to prevent vibration and noise in the building. After the generator is installed on the foundation, the turbine shaft is centered in the center of the shaft. Also, the turbine itself is balanced. As a turbine, as an option, a screw turbine (Archimedes screw) is recommended, which gives greater force on the shaft and lower rotation speed than a turbine with blades, which gives lower force on the shaft, but a higher rotation speed. This will reduce the noise level from the rapid rotation of the turbine, and transfer the excessive force of rotation of the shaft through the gearbox to the generator. Access to the lower part of the air channel must be enclosed with gratings to prevent unauthorized personnel from entering the danger zone. In addition, the air channel can be used to evacuate residents from the building in the event of a fire by placing stairs for descent in it, the air in it comes from the lower part and does not contain combustion products in this case. This increases the fire safety of the building, even with a large number of floors and facilitates evacuation. Also, the air channel, made using the technology of monolithic reinforced concrete structure, increases the building's stability during earthquakes, as plays the role of the internal core support of the building.

Several options for using the power generation method are implied:

Example 1. Energy is generated for the immediate electrical needs of a building, i.e. autonomous use of the generator. In this case, it is necessary to use batteries to accumulate energy during periods of low energy consumption (during the day) and its use during active consumption (evening / morning). Example 2. Energy is generated and with the help of a converter it is supplied to the general city electric network. In this case, the building has energy supply from the general energy network and energy consumption is accounted for as the difference between the generator supplied to the general energy network and the energy received from the general network.

The second option is preferable, because independent of prolonged calm.

The effectiveness of the described method of electrical generation is recommended to be tested on an experimental building and, in the case of a positive test result, be used in all residential high-rise buildings built in the future.

Claims

Claim

A method of generating electricity using a wind generator, the rotor of which is placed in a vertical air channel located in the construction of a residential or industrial building.