RU2062353C1 - Wind-electric power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wind-electric power engineering; wind-energy-to-electricity conversion. SUBSTANCE: wind-electric power plant has air flow concentrator in the form of tent, windwheel 8, electric generator 9, inertial energy storage 10; cylindrical draft tube is mounted in tent center and concave-surface cone is placed inside tent in coaxial manner. Inner surface of tent and outer surface of cone 4 are joined together by means of partitions 5 forming contracting air ducts directed from periphery to center and from bottom upward into cylindrical draft tube which accommodates windwheel 8 mounted on vertical shaft 7 which imparts windwheel rotation to electric generator 9 and to inertial energy storage 10. Gate valves 12 are hinged to upper part of partitions 5 to shut off air flow. Wind-electric power station is designed so that area of caught air stream is enlarged and it is entirely conveyed to windwheel 8 through draft tube thereby increasing several times air flow velocity and, hence, windmill power capacity. EFFECT: improved power capacity of windmill due to increased air flow velocity and also due to delivery of hot waste gas or air produced upon combustion of recovered fuel to working space of concentrator. 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of alternative energy sources, in particular to devices that convert wind energy into electrical energy.

 The Kolobushkin wind turbine (A.S. USSR N 1211448, class F 03D 1/04) is known, which contains a tower with windows, inside which a rotary apparatus with a vane blade is installed, directing the wind flow entering the windows up to the wind wheel. The wind wheel is a combined construction of a horizontal wind wheel with a rim on which vertical blades are installed, perceiving air currents that have fallen into the upper windows of the tower. The wind wheel is mounted on a vertical shaft transmitting rotation to the shaft of the electric current generator.

 The disadvantages of the Kolobushkin wind turbine include the relative bulkiness and complexity of the design of both the rotary part of the wind turbine and the wind wheel itself, which will significantly reduce the overall efficiency of the electric motor and the annual resource of its operation, because the wind at low speeds will not be able to turn it on.

 Known wind power unit (a. With. The USSR N 1307078, class F 03D 1/04), containing a generator, a wind wheel and a wind power concentrator.

 The disadvantage of this invention is that the efficiency of the concentrator is low, because it provides a partial concentration of air flow. The air flow passing from the sides and from above the wind wheel leaves without working, giving up its energy to the unit.

 The closest in design to the proposed one is the technical solution of the wind turbine (D. de Renzo "Wind Power", Moscow, 1982; translation from English by V.V. Zubarev, edited by J.I. Shefter, p. 32). The windmill is a truncated cone in the form of a tent with edges raised above the ground for free passage of air under the cone in any direction.

 In the neck of the cone, wind wheels are mounted on a vertical shaft, which transmits rotation from the wind wheel to an electric current generator or inertial battery (such as a flywheel). Above the cone, rotary guide vanes are installed to swirl the air flow. Part of the air passing freely under the cone rises up into the neck of the wind wheel. Passing through the blades set at an angle, the flow swirls and additionally draws air from the cone. At the same time, the air flow and its speed increase, which increases the efficiency of the wind turbine.

 The disadvantages of the described wind turbine include the fact that the main part of the air flow that has fallen under the raised tent (open freely in all directions) will pass through without the release of its energy. And only part of the stream rises up to the neck of the wind wheels.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the power of a wind turbine by capturing a wide stream of air and concentrating it in a narrow, but high-speed stream.

 This problem is solved by the fact that in a wind farm containing an air flow concentrator made in the form of a tent raised above the ground, a wind wheel with a vertical shaft, an electric current generator and an inertial battery, a vertical exhaust pipe is installed on the neck of the hub tent, in the cavity of which one or several a wind wheel on vertical shafts kinematically connected with the shaft of an electric current generator and an inertial battery, and inside the tent there is a cone with a concave surface, with The surface of the tent and the outer surface of the cone are interconnected by vertical partitions, which form narrowing air channels directed from the periphery of the tent to the center and from bottom to top to the vertical exhaust pipe and the blades of the wind wheels, and on the upper part of the partitions there are hinged shutters that regulate the size of the flow moving to the wind wheels of the flow air, and in the air channels of the concentrator are devices for burning gas or supplying streams of hot air.

 Since the power of a wind power plant has a cubic dependence on the speed of the wind blowing the wind wheel (Schefter Y.I. Rozhdestvensky I.V. "Wind Pump and Wind Power Units", Moscow, 1967), it is more profitable to go by increasing the speed of the wind to increase the power of the wind power, blowing a wind wheel than by increasing the diameter of the latter. Theoretically, an increase in wind speed with a hub of 4-5 times can give an increase in power of a power plant, respectively, 64-125 times compared with a wind turbine having the same diameter of a wind wheel operating at normal external speed, without concentration of air flow.

 Therefore, in the proposed invention, to convert wind energy into electrical energy, a circular tent with raised edges, supported by supports, is used, as in the known one, but, in contrast to it, the tent has a vertical exhaust pipe outside the neck and a cone with concave surface. The cone and the tent are interconnected by vertical partitions. The partitions form closed tapering air channels, open with a wide part for the entrance of the air flow and a narrow part for issuing a narrowed and accelerated flow into the vertical exhaust pipe, in which the wind wheels are mounted on vertical shafts. Thus, the entire air flow entering the tent will pass through the exhaust pipe (through the wind wheels), but at a higher speed than the speed of the external wind.

 Figure 1 shows a General view of a wind farm. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the concentration of air flows that have fallen into the tent. Figure 3 is a section along aa and shows the direction of movement of air flows. Figure 4 is a section along BB of the cone and vertical partitions.

 The wind farm consists of a concentrator having a vertical exhaust pipe 1 and open from the sides of the tent 2 with raised wings resting on the posts 3.

 A vertical exhaust pipe 1 is installed outside the tent on its neck, and a cone 4 with a concave surface is mounted coaxially with the inside of the tent. The inner surface of the tent and the outer surface of the cone are interconnected by vertical partitions 5, dividing the space between the tent and the cone into channels 6, tapering to the center of the tent and from the bottom up. Air from either side of the tent can enter these channels and, compressing and accelerating, rush into the cavity of the vertical exhaust pipe, inside which two wind wheels 8 are mounted on the vertical coaxial (such as pipe in the pipe) shafts 8. The inner and outer independently rotating parts of the shaft 7 are kinematically connected with the shaft of the electric current generator 9 and the shaft of the inertial accumulator 10, to which the torque is transmitted from the wind wheels 8. The vertical shaft 7 for stability is fixed with braces 11 fixed to the vertical wall exhaust pipe 1.

 In order to prevent breakdown of the wind wheel 8 at high speeds of the external wind and to be able to control the amount of air flow to the wind wheels (maintaining the set power of the installation), dampers 12 mounted vertically on the hinges 5, controlled (by changing the angle of inclination) using ropes 13. This control can be either manual (winches) or automatic (using sensors from the wind speed in the pipe 1 or the rotational speed of the wind wheel 8).

 In the channels 6 installed device 14 for burning utilized gas. The devices are located on the annular pipe 15, to which gas is supplied through the gas duct 16. Through these gas ducts and devices, a stream of hot air from biological waste incinerators can also be supplied to the channels 6.

 Wind power works as follows. A wind stream of any direction, meeting a tent 2 open on all sides, enters channels 6 through windows and tapers between the vertical partitions 5, the inner surface of the tent 2 and the concave surface of the cone 4, rushes towards the center and from the bottom up into the vertical exhaust cavity pipes 1. With a narrowing of the air flow, its speed increases several times. The magnitude of the acceleration depends on the ratio of the frontal area of the blown total air flow into the tent 2 and the internal cross-sectional area of the vertical exhaust pipe 1. It is necessary to take into account the loss of flow velocity from the friction of air particles with each other, their friction on the walls of the channels (on the quality of their surfaces), on the protrusions . Then the accelerated air flow enters the blades of the lower wind wheel 8, rotates it, creating a torque on the shaft 7 (on its outer part), which is kinematically connected with the shaft of the generator 9.

 The generator rotor receives rotation and begins to generate an electric current for the consumer. Further, the air flow, giving part of the energy to the lower wind wheel, rushes to the blades of the upper wind wheel 8. The angle of rotation of the planes of the blades of the upper and lower wind wheel is regulated depending on the air flow speed and the most optimal operating mode. The torque from the upper wind wheel is transmitted to the shaft 7 (to its internal independently rotating part) and from it to the shaft of the inertial accumulator 10. But the internal shaft 7 has the ability to switch to another generator or some other mechanism.

 To increase the efficiency of the wind (especially in regions with a low average annual speed) and to increase the degree of regulation and stability of the operation of wind turbines, utilized gas is supplied to the channels 6 of the tent 2 to the devices 14 through the gas duct 16 and the pipe 15, for example, from oil fields or refineries, which, while burning in the air flows, heats it, improves convection and draft in the exhaust pipe 1, and also creates better conditions for regulating and maintaining the stability of the operation of wind turbines. If there is no flare gas, but there are biomass wastes near the wind farm (city dumps, logging wastes, farm wastes, etc.), it is possible, burning these wastes in furnaces, to supply hot air to channels 6 through gas ducts 16 and devices 14. In the case of high external wind speeds and the formation in the vertical exhaust pipe 1 of super-permissible hurricane speeds in the flow, then, in order to protect the wind wheels and other elements from breakdowns, by tensioning the cables 13, the shutters 12 are tilted and part of the flow is cut off, swirling, which reduces its speed . The flaps 12 can almost completely block the access of the wind to the wind wheels (for the period, for example, routine inspection of the state of the wind wheels).

 The interior of cone 4 can be very significant (for example, during the construction of wind farms with a capacity of 5-6 thousand kilowatts) and can be used not only to place generators and control devices for the station, but also some technological equipment for the production of one or another product (for providing sound and thermal insulation) and can be performed in two and three floors.

 Thus, the proposed design of the wind farm allows you to get rid of the construction of powerful and heavy tower towers for the installation of large diameter wind wheels (60-80 and more meters), the use of special and expensive materials and manufacturing technologies for wind wheels and nacelles for generators, which requires large financial costs. It allows you to be able to adjust the operating modes of wind turbines, their stability in operation at wide ranges of external wind speeds, allows you to operate them at low wind speeds (inaccessible to existing wind turbines), and the main application of the proposed wind power plant with a significantly smaller (4-5 times) diameter wind wheels will allow you to get a relatively large power on the wind turbine. YYY2

Claims (2)

 1. A wind farm containing an air flow concentrator made in the form of a tent raised above the ground, a wind wheel with a vertical shaft, an electric current generator and an inertial battery, characterized in that a vertical exhaust pipe is placed on the neck of the hub tent, in the cavity of which one or more wind wheels are mounted on vertical shafts kinematically connected with the shaft of the electric current generator and inertial battery, and inside the tent there is a cone with a concave surface, and the inner surface The tent’s tail and the outer surface of the cone are interconnected by vertical partitions, which form narrowing air channels directed from the periphery of the tent to the center and from the bottom up to the vertical exhaust pipe and the blades of the wind wheels, while the upper part of the partitions are articulated shutters that regulate the size of the flow moving to the wind wheels air.  2. Wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that devices for burning gas or supplying hot air streams are placed in the air channels of the concentrator.

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