RU2101445C1 - Smoke stack and method of its erection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: this is used in thermal electric power stations and other industrial objects. Smoke stack has outer shell (framework) 1, and titanium gas branching tube 2 located inside it which is assembled of separate sections 3. Each section 3 can freely enter and locate itself in lower positioned section. Lower end of each section is widened in the form of shoulders, and upper end is narrowed. Entire tube 2 is suspended relative to upper end of shell 1. All sections required for mounting gas-branching tube of stack are assembled in the form of successively and concentrically fitting into each other. Upper most section with minimal inner diameter is found inside, and lower most is outside. Upper part of inner section 3 is fastened to load-lifting mechanism 4 resting on upper part of outer shell 1 and is step-like raised at pitch equal to height of section. In that, lower part with shoulders of section being raised enters narrowed upper part of next section, and lower section is thus hung on adjacent upper section. Assembled unit of two sections is raised for one pitch more and so on until entire tube is raised. In function of load-lifting mechanism, aerostat balloon can be used. In disassembling, rope which holds tube is loosened and sections 3 are lowering inside each other. EFFECT: high efficiency. 6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the construction and repair of industrial facilities, the operation of which is associated with the removal (transportation) of flue gases, such as thermal power plants, in particular, to the construction of prefabricated chimneys and the technology of their installation and dismantling.

Known chimneys with steel exhaust pipe. Typically, for tall pipes, such a barrel is made integral. Separate sections of the drawer are installed in series, starting from the bottom, and are connected to each other by means of flange connections. Lifting and installation of the drawer is carried out using special lifting mechanisms, for example, winches, cranes, cargo blocks with guide ropes, etc. [1]
The installation of such a pipe is very time-consuming and time-consuming, requires high qualifications and is associated with the need to work at high altitudes (up to 200-300 m). For installation, complex lifting mechanisms are required.

A known construction of a chimney containing an outer shell (outer pipe) and an inner pipe installed inside it, consisting of separate sections (shells, casing), connected in series by means of fastening devices [2]
Installation of such a pipe is as follows.

 A window is made in the side wall of the outer pipe near its top, near which a lifting mechanism with a cable is fixed on the outer side surface, which can pass in the gap between the outer and inner pipes. Near the lower end of the outer pipe, a section is cut that is almost equal in length to the section. Through the cut-out section, the section of the inner pipe is introduced into the outer pipe, which should occupy the highest position. Using the cable of the lifting mechanism, the upper section is raised to a height corresponding to the length of each section. In the gap formed by another mechanism, a section is introduced, which should be second from above. After the exact coaxial establishment of the sections by means of a special device, the lower end of the upper section is fixed relative to the upper end of the underlying section. Next, the operations of lifting the connected sections, installing the next underlying section below them and fixing are repeated until the entire assembled pipe is inside the outer pipe. Then the lifting mechanism is removed and the window is closed, as well as the cut-out area at the lower end of the outer pipe.

 The above installation method of the chimney [2] is selected as a prototype of the proposed installation method.

 The disadvantages of the prototype method include its complexity. The use of at least two hoisting mechanisms is required to lift the sections and to install the sections in the assembly area, the first one being quite powerful. Greater installation accuracy is required. The assembly process is very long.

 As a prototype of the proposed chimney, the design of the telescopic support device was selected (Japanese application N 3-110270, class E 04 H 12/18, 1991).

 This device contains individual cylindrical sections, configured to tightly fit sections of smaller diameter into adjacent underlying diameter sections, the diameter of the lower end of the smaller sections being larger than the inner diameter of the upper end of the large sections.

 This device is similar to the one offered in the largest number of features, but its purpose is completely different.

 Fixation of the sections is provided only due to the tight entry of the ends of the overlying sections into the underlying ones. The use of such a design as an internal barrel in a chimney is impossible.

 The objective of the proposed facilities is simplicity of design, speed, convenience and reliability of assembly and disassembly of joints, the ability to easily replace worn elements.

 To solve this problem, in a chimney containing an outer frame and an internal metal gas outlet trunk, consisting of sections connected to each other, configured to enter each upper section into an adjacent lower one, and the outer diameter of the lower end of each section is larger than the inner diameter of the upper end of the underlying section , according to the invention, all sections are made with the possibility of free entry and placement in each other, the lower end of each section is made expanded in the form of shoulders, and the upper a tapered end, wherein the entire barrel is suspended relative to the upper end of the outer frame.

 A titanium alloy can be used as the metal of the sections of the internal exhaust pipe.

 An aerostat can be used to suspend the inner barrel relative to the outer frame.

 In the method of mounting the inner metal gas exhaust shaft of the chimney by stepwise lifting the upper section by a traction body of the lifting mechanism, resting on the upper part of the outer frame, at a lifting height of each step corresponding to the length of the section, and fixing the lower end of each section relative to the upper end of the underlying section, according to sections of the invention are preliminarily placed in each other according to the principle of "nesting dolls" and set all together in a given place, fixing is carried out by dveshivaniya necked upper end of the underlying section at the shoulders of the lower end of the overlying section.

 Additional fastening (fixing) of the lower end of the section relative to the upper end of the underlying section with clamps is possible.

 An aerostat can be used as a lifting mechanism for lifting sections.

 Execution of separate sections (tsar) with the possibility of free placement into each other like a “nesting doll”, when the uppermost section is inside all the others, as well as supplying each section with an expanded (rolled) lower end in the form of a shoulder and a narrowed (rolled) upper end, when the diameter of the lower end of the upper section is larger than the diameter of the upper end of the lower section, it allows you to collect all the elements (casing) of the pipe, putting on the smallest upper section in series all the following sections to the lowest, or in place ozvedeniya pipe or in a separate convenient place with subsequent transportation to the installation area. In the future, by connecting the cable of the lifting device with the inner (upper) drawer, you can easily mount the entire trunk, stopping the lift only to tighten the clamps (if necessary).

 The lifting of sections and suspension of the entire internal assembled chimney barrel by means of an aerostat greatly facilitates and simplifies installation, dismantling and operation.

 The execution of the sections of the inner barrel of titanium alloy allows significantly simplify the design and simplify installation compared to the rest.

 As a result of the patent research, it was not possible to identify technical solutions to the pipe mounting problem in the same way as similar structural solutions could not be found, which suggests that the proposed device and method of its installation have a "novelty". In addition, the proposed device and method do not follow directly (explicitly) from the identified technical solutions, therefore, are characterized by an "inventive step".

 The proposed facilities can be widely used in the practice of construction and reconstruction (repair) of chimneys, therefore they are "industrially applicable".

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a chimney; in FIG. 2 section connection diagram; in FIG. 3 diagram of the suspension of the barrel on a balloon.

 The proposed chimney contains an outer shell 1. The specified shell 1 can be made in the form of a metal structure or in the form of a brick or reinforced concrete pipe. Inside the shell 1 is placed a metal, in particular titanium, gas outlet barrel 2, assembled from separate equal in height sections 3. Each section 3 is made in the form of a cylindrical or conical shell. The diameter of the shells gradually decreases from the lower section to the upper. The upper end of each section 3 is made narrowed, covering extended at the shoulders, the lower end of the overlying section. All sections 3 forming the gas outlet shaft 2 are suspended on the beam system 4 relative to the upper end of the outer frame 1. The connection point of the adjacent sections 3 can be additionally covered by a clamp 5. The beam system 4 can be mounted on the outer shell using a special device (not shown) 1. Another preferred embodiment is the suspension of a titanium barrel 2 on a balloon 6, fixed relative to the surface of the earth by means of braces 8.

 The installation of the chimney during construction or reconstruction is as follows. In the lower part of the outer shell 1, for example in the brickwork of the outer pipe, an opening 7 is made, corresponding in height to the length of the section 3. The width of the opening 7 should be slightly larger than the diameter of the lower section 3. All necessary sections 3 of the particular mounted pipe are assembled in a separate area, for example , in the place of their manufacture, while on the smallest section 3, which in the finished barrel should be the highest, successively put on top all the underlying sections. In the finished "nesting doll" the upper section is inside, and the lower section is on the outside. In this form, the "nesting doll" on a special pallet is transported to the installation area, where through the opening 7 in the lower part of the outer shell 1 is installed in its center. As the opening 7 can be used openings of gas inlets.

 The lifting mechanism 4, which can be used as an aerostat 6, is connected to a special device on the upper section, located inside the "nesting doll". Then the upper section 3 rises one step corresponding to the length of the section. In this case, the lower part of the upper section is included in the narrowed part of the next section. The latter hangs on the shoulders of the upper section. The connection zone is clamped with the clamp 5. Then the assembled block of two sections is lifted one more step and the procedure for tightening with the clamp 5 is repeated. The lifting and pulling operations are repeated until the chimney is fully lifted and installed.

 If it is necessary to dismantle such a pipe, the cable 4 is gradually weakened and even if there are clamps 5, sections 3 are folded into a “nested doll”, which is removed through the opening 7.

 In a convenient location, worn or deformed sections are replaced and the inner barrel is ready for use again.

Thus, the proposed facilities compare favorably with the following:
the execution of sections (casing) of the internal exhaust pipe from a titanium alloy provides ease of the entire structure, a very long service life, because this material is very resistant to the aggressive effects of flue gases and to high temperature;
the execution of the barrel from sections that in the initial state are folded in the form of a "nesting doll", and in working condition are suspended relative to the overlying sections and relative to the upper part of the outer shell, provides extremely simplified installation and dismantling of the barrel; complex and powerful lifting equipment, high qualification of installers are not required, eliminated or significantly reduced the amount of work at high altitude;
the use of balloons eliminates the need for complex lifting mechanisms, there is no need for time-consuming and dangerous operations to secure them at high altitude.

 Such chimneys can be widely used in newly constructed facilities, the work of which is associated with the removal of flue gases. They can be used in the reconstruction and restoration of existing chimneys. But their most effective use is as chimneys of peak boiler houses, built specifically to run thermal power plants and then dismantled.

Claims (6)

 1. A chimney containing an outer shell and an internal metal gas outlet shaft, consisting of sections connected to each other, configured to enter each upper section into an adjacent lower one, the outer diameter of the lower end of each section being larger than the inner diameter of the upper end of the underlying section, characterized the fact that all sections are made with the possibility of free entry and placement in each other, the lower end of each section is made expanded in the form of shoulders, and the upper end is narrowed, than the entire trunk is suspended relative to the upper end of the outer shell.  2. The pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that a titanium alloy is used as the metal of the sections of the internal exhaust pipe.  3. The pipe according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a balloon is used to hang the inner barrel relative to the outer shell.  4. The method of mounting the internal gas exhaust metal trunk of the chimney by stepwise lifting the upper section by a traction body of the lifting mechanism, resting on the upper part of the outer shell, at a lifting height per step corresponding to the length of the section and fixing the lower end of each section relative to the upper end of the underlying section, characterized in that the sections are pre-placed in each other according to the principle of "nesting dolls" and installed in the place of erection, fixing is carried out by hanging the necked upper end of the underlying section at the shoulders of the lower end of the overlying section.  5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that it provides for additional fixing of the lower end of each section relative to the upper end of the underlying section with clamps.  6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that as a lifting mechanism for lifting and hanging sections using a balloon.

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