RU2806998C1 - Method of construction of buildings using building blocks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for use in construction of residential and public buildings made of reinforced concrete. A method of constructing buildings, according to which a building block in form of a structural prefabricated corner element is installed on a pre-prepared foundation, the block is fixed by welding embedded parts, building blocks in form of wall structural prefabricated elements are fastened to the building block in form of a structural prefabricated corner element and between themselves, depending on the architectural solution, connection of building blocks in form of structural prefabricated wall elements along the upper part with a building block in form of a structural prefabricated beam element, welding of embedded parts, installation of floors on building blocks in form of structural prefabricated beam elements. The building blocks are made of three layers and consist of outer and inner layers of reinforced concrete, between which there is insulation, with holes for welding embedded parts on the inner layer of reinforced concrete.

EFFECT: expansion of the range of methods for constructing buildings.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to the field of construction and is intended for use in the construction of residential and public buildings made of reinforced concrete.

Prior art.

From the prior art, a solution is known according to RF patent 2501920, which provides a method of construction and design of a multilayer universal lightweight block for its implementation. The disadvantage of this solution is the need to construct a frame in the form of reinforced concrete monolithic structures, which extends the period of construction work and requires the use of additional structural elements. In addition, this solution involves the use of a universal lightweight block made in the form of a metal box, which is not resistant to corrosion, which significantly reduces the service life of the building and its suitability for habitation/occupancy.

From the prior art according to RF patent No. 2585316, a method of constructing buildings and structures using load-bearing corner wall structural prefabricated elements is known, aimed at reducing labor intensity, increasing productivity and speed of construction, increasing the strength and seismic resistance of the building. However, this solution provides for the floor-by-floor installation of load-bearing walls from prefabricated wall structural elements in the direction opposite to the sequential installation of prefabricated wall elements on the previous floor, which complicates the process of calculating the maximum load on the foundation and/or floor slabs.

Also known from the prior art is a method for manufacturing a large-sized finished volumetric module and a method for constructing a building from large-sized finished volumetric modules (RF patent No. 2712845). This solution has the following main drawback: a monolithic reinforced concrete volumetric module is a ready-made block manufactured on robotic conveyors with utilities, internal and external decoration, internal partitions and/or installed built-in furniture, which creates inconvenience during direct construction, since it is manufactured in advance to certain parameters the module can no longer be replaced/modified at the building construction site.

Methods for constructing buildings using universal reinforced concrete blocks are also known from the prior art (see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jxjMPHRj3A - publication date 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=fo2QX4S3eKU – publication date 2021), which imply the use of ready-made “room” blocks, which does not provide flexibility in architectural solutions.

The claimed technical solution is aimed at solving these shortcomings.

Disclosure of the invention.

The objective of this solution is to expand the arsenal of construction technologies for the construction of buildings.

The technical result of the claimed solution is to expand the range of methods for constructing buildings.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the design of the building block is standard (three types: in the form of a corner structural prefabricated element, a wall structural prefabricated element, a beam structural prefabricated element). Each type of block is a three-layer structural prefabricated element consisting of outer and inner layers of reinforced concrete, between which insulation is located.

A block in the form of a corner structural prefabricated element is used as a corner element of the building; the design of the block provides for the possibility of joining by welding embedded parts with blocks in the form of wall and beam structural prefabricated elements. The outer layer of the block in the form of a corner structural prefabricated element is prepared for further finishing (sanding, painting, installation of the facade of the building, etc.).

The block in the form of a wall structural prefabricated element is used as an element of the external wall of a building and/or an element of the internal partition of a building. The design of the block in the form of a wall structural prefabricated element provides the possibility of joining by welding embedded parts with blocks in the form of corner and beam structural prefabricated elements. A block in the form of a wall precast element can also be adjacent to a door or window opening if the block is not connected to another similar block in the form of a wall precast element. On the inner layer of reinforced concrete of the block in the form of a prefabricated wall element, channels for organizing utility networks are provided: electricity switches, socket boxes.

The block in the form of a beam structural prefabricated element is used as a connecting element between the blocks in the form of wall and corner structural precast elements, ensuring the strength of the structure.

Blocks of all three types are manufactured according to standard parameters using an industrial method; during construction they can be assembled in any quantity and ratio to each other, depending on the architectural design. The advantage of using such blocks is the possibility of changing the architectural appearance of a building or its space-planning solution right on the site of the building’s construction without the need to produce and supply new elements. The design of each type of block also allows them to be connected to each other without the need to construct any frame and attach it to it. The standardized standard size of blocks of each type also allows them to be moved along the foundation or floor covering to form a specific architectural appearance of the building and space-planning solutions inside the building, which can be changed directly at the site of the building’s construction.

The method of constructing buildings using these building blocks involves performing the following steps:

- installation of a block on a pre-prepared foundation in the form of a corner structural prefabricated element, fixing the block by welding embedded parts;

- fastening of blocks in the form of wall structural prefabricated elements to blocks in the form of corner structural prefabricated elements and among themselves, depending on the architectural solution, a bunch of blocks in the form of wall structural prefabricated elements along the upper part with a block in the form of a beam structural prefabricated element, welding of embedded parts, ensuring rigidity of blocks in the form of prefabricated wall structural elements;

- installation of floors of any known structure (wooden, reinforced concrete, etc.) is carried out on blocks in the form of a beam structural prefabricated element;

- reinforcement and concreting of anti-seismic belts of walls and ceilings;

- installation of the roof, interior finishing by any known method.

Brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1. General view of the building corner block in section.

1 – outer layer of reinforced concrete

2 – place for welding embedded parts

3 – inner layer of reinforced concrete

4 – insulation

Figure 2. General view of a building wall block in section from a ¾ front view.

1 – outer layer of reinforced concrete

2 – place for welding embedded parts

3 – inner layer of reinforced concrete

4 – insulation

5 – connectors for electricity switches and connectors for sockets

Figure 3. General view of the building beam block from a ¾ perspective from the inside.

1 – outer layer of reinforced concrete

2 – place for welding embedded parts

3 – inner layer of reinforced concrete

4 – insulation

An example of the invention.

The invention can be implemented as follows.

Preliminary preparation of the foundation is carried out along the perimeter of the rectangle, on the corners of which four blocks are installed in the form of corner structural prefabricated elements, fixed by welding embedded parts. After this, space is left on the long sides of the foundation for a window opening (one on each of the two long sides), and then two blocks in the form of a wall beam structural prefabricated element are attached to the foundation on each long side, then space is left for the window opening. On one of the two short sides of the foundation, two blocks are fastened in the form of wall beam structural prefabricated elements, space is left for a window opening, then three more blocks are attached in the form of wall structural prefabricated elements. On the other short side of the foundation, two blocks are attached in the form of wall structural precast elements on each side and blocks in the form of corner structural precast elements to create a porch in front of the entrance to the house. To all installed blocks in the form of corner or wall structural prefabricated elements, the blocks in the form of beam structural prefabricated elements are fastened along the upper part, and embedded parts are welded. The floor and roof are installed on top of the blocks in the form of beam structural prefabricated elements. With the specified number of blocks used, it is possible to construct a one-story building with an area of 55 square meters (the parameters of the blocks used are as follows: a block in the form of a wall structural prefabricated element - length (height): 2680 mm, width: 1180 mm, thickness: 400 mm, block in the form of a corner structural prefabricated element - length (height): 3280 mm, width: 605 mm, thickness: 400 mm, block in the form of a beam structural prefabricated element - length (height): 580 mm, width: 3590 mm, thickness: 400 mm. Also, 10 mm seams are provided between the blocks. If it is necessary to construct buildings of a larger area, it is possible to increase the number of blocks used. If it is necessary to increase the number of storeys of the building, after installation on the blocks in the form of beam structural prefabricated floor elements, the blocks are installed and fastened in the form of corner and wall structural prefabricated elements, the above algorithm for constructing the building is repeated as many times as the number of floors in the building is required.

The advantages of the proposed technical solution are the fast speed of construction of buildings, high flexibility of architectural solutions, because standard building blocks are used, which make it possible to change the architectural appearance of the building or the space-planning solution of its interior at the construction site, reducing the risk of disruption of technological processes.

Claims (1)

A method of constructing buildings, according to which a building block is installed on a pre-prepared foundation in the form of a corner structural prefabricated element made of three layers, consisting of outer and inner layers of reinforced concrete, between which there is insulation, with holes for welding embedded parts on the inner layer of reinforced concrete, fixation building block by welding embedded parts, they fasten building blocks in the form of wall structural prefabricated elements made of three layers, consisting of outer and inner layers of reinforced concrete, between which there is insulation, with holes for welding embedded parts on the inner layer of reinforced concrete, to the building block in the form of a corner structural prefabricated element made of three layers, consisting of outer and inner layers of reinforced concrete, between which there is insulation, with holes for welding embedded parts on the inner layer of reinforced concrete, and with each other, depending on the architectural solution, a bunch of building blocks in the form of wall structural prefabricated elements made of three layers, consisting of outer and inner layers of reinforced concrete, between which there is insulation, with holes for welding embedded parts on the inner layer of reinforced concrete, along the top part with a building block in the form of a beam structural prefabricated element, made of three layers, consisting from the outer and inner layers of reinforced concrete, between which there is insulation, with holes for welding embedded parts on the inner layer of reinforced concrete, welding of embedded parts, installation of floors on building blocks in the form of beam structural prefabricated elements made of three layers, consisting of outer and inner layers reinforced concrete, between which the insulation is located, with holes for welding embedded parts on the inner layer of reinforced concrete.