RU74403U1 - FULL ASSEMBLY FRAME BUILDING AND BINDING BEAM (TWO OPTIONS), DESIGNED FOR USE IN THIS BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the construction of mainly multi-story buildings for civilian purposes. A prefabricated frame building contains columns supporting crossbars with supports for supporting floor slabs and strapping beams for supporting non-supporting walls of the external fence with longitudinal shelves outwardly facing the building frame. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the building used strapping beams, longitudinal shelves, which are elongated at the ends of the beams with the formation of protruding end sections. Beams, with the exception of longitudinal shelves, are placed in the alignments of the columns around the perimeter of the building frame, while the elongated ends of the shelves adjoin the outer faces of the columns and the longitudinal shelves form closed belts covering the building frame at the levels of floors. A part of the strapping beams placed across the floor slabs is made with an additional longitudinal shelf for supporting the floor slabs, at least a portion of which is made with supporting undercuts having a shape that is reciprocal to the shape of the mating shelves of the crossbars and the strapping beams. 3 n.p. f-ly and 18 z.p. f-ly, 16 ill.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the construction and is intended primarily for the construction of prefabricated frame multi-story buildings for civilian purposes.

State of the art

The construction industry has developed rapidly in recent years. First of all, it is the construction of civil buildings for residential and public purposes, which are faced with ever-higher requirements for quality, reliability, speed of construction and freedom of planning and redevelopment of internal premises.

Panel and large-block construction technologies are fading into the background, giving way to more advanced frame housing construction, which allows creating more comfortable housing with more diverse architectural and planning solutions, in addition, technological equipment for the production of frame elements is characterized by greater compactness, ease of commissioning and readjustment options for various frame modifications. Three types of buildings of the frame construction method are distinguished: with a monolithic frame, prefabricated-monolithic and fully prefabricated.

The greatest variety of architectural and planning decisions of both the external and internal appearance of buildings is characterized by monolithic housing construction, when the frame is "cast" directly at the place of construction in the formwork of a certain shape (see, for example, patent No. 2170309, IPC: Е04В 1/16, publ. 2001.07. 10). However, monolithic construction has a number of significant drawbacks, namely: the dependence of the work on weather conditions, prolonged downtime due to the curing time of concrete, as well as the problems of supplying mortar to a height during the construction of multi-story buildings.

There are known designs of multi-storey buildings in which support columns and floor slabs are manufactured in the factory, and load-bearing and connecting beams are made of monolithic concrete after the columns are installed and the slabs are assembled (see RF patents No. 2226593, IPC: Е04В 1/18, op. 2004.04.10 and No. 2272108, IPC: Е04В 1/18, op. 2006.03.20). The precast-monolithic technology allows to obtain large spans between columns and a flat ceiling surface of the ceilings, which provides the possibility of free planning of the premises. Part manufacturing

the frame in the factory allows to reduce the above problems of monolithic construction and to reduce the time of construction of buildings. However, a significant amount of work on monolithic joints and the formation of crossbars also has to be carried out at the construction site, which determines the dependence of the construction process on weather conditions, requires the use of additional means for heating concrete, special supporting equipment.

A building is known in which, in order to reduce the amount of monolithic concrete in the building and reduce the time for hardening of the crossbar, the latter is made composite, for which a factory-made insert is used, to which the upper part is formed, forming keys for connection to floor slabs (see patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2198269, IPC: ЕВВ 1/20, publ. 2003.02.10). However, this also does not completely solve the problems mentioned above.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete carcasses of buildings are characterized by the fact that all reinforced concrete work associated with the production of the main structural elements of buildings is carried out in the factory, which allows to minimize the dependence of construction on weather conditions, mechanize and automate the production of reinforced concrete structures, increase their reliability, while reducing time erection of buildings, improve their quality. Several typical series of such frames are known, for example, the unified prefabricated reinforced concrete frame of the II-04M series, the widely used prefabricated typical series 1-020 / 83 "Structures of interspecific use for multi-story public buildings, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises", developed by TsNIIEP trade and household buildings, tourist complexes, Giprostrommash Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings, NIIZHB Gosstroy of the USSR, approved by decree No. 112 of 07/13/84 g Gosstroy of the USSR, its modification - series 1.020 / 87.

However, all the known series of prefabricated frames are characterized by one significant drawback, namely, the presence of the beams of the frame or its columns protruding into the room, and as a result, the limited possibilities for planning rooms, the inconvenience of operating the building, and the impossibility of any redevelopment of rooms.

Known building, made on the basis of a unified precast concrete frame of the II-04M series, (given in the book. Architecture of civil and industrial buildings: Civil buildings, under the editorship of A.V. Zakharov, M .: Stroyizdat, 1993, p. 280- 285) containing a frame formed by vertical columns and

Supported crossbars supported on the column console with one or two longitudinal horizontal shelves for supporting floor slabs. As an external fence in the mentioned source, only the use of wall panels is given, which are also part of the factory elements of the frame series.

Recently, however, stone building materials have become more widely used: bricks, gas and foam concrete blocks, etc., which have wider architectural possibilities of buildings compared to panels, better thermal characteristics, etc. In the case of using stone materials, the outer fence is most often performed in the form of self-supporting walls.

As a prototype of the proposed solution, a frame building was made, made on the basis of the frame of the II-04 series, mentioned above, in which the external fence is made in the form of curtain walls made of brick and artificial stones, taken out from the outside of the columns and half-supported on foundation and strapping beams mounted on the outer consoles of columns (see Shubin L.F. Architecture of civil and industrial buildings in 5 volumes, vol. 5. Industrial buildings, Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1986, pp. 222-223, Fig. 28.1 (g)).

The advantages of the prototype solution include the high industrialization of the manufacture of structural elements of the frame, which ensures high speed of its installation. Among the shortcomings can be distinguished: firstly, the presence of protruding beams from the plane of overlap, secondly, protruding inside the room columns of the outer rows of the building frame and, thirdly, the possibility of using such an external fence only in buildings of small height (number of storeys), due to the low structural rigidity, as all load from curtain walls falls only on the outer console of the columns.

Known used in the strapping of the building is a rectangular beam made with thermal connectors along the length of the beam in the form of through holes located in the alignment with the middle layer of the wall of insulation filled with effective insulation, and mounted on the outer consoles of columns (see patent for invention No. 2260659, IPC : EB04 2/56, publ. 2005.09.20). Such a beam makes it possible to solve the problem of “cold bridges”, however, the mentioned solution has limited use for masonry inserts in frame-panel buildings due to the low structural rigidity.

As a prototype for the claimed building elements, a L-shaped cross-sectional beam containing a horizontal longitudinal shelf in

the lower part of the beam (see Shubin. L.F. Architecture of civil and industrial buildings in 5 volumes, vol. 5, M .: Stroyizdat, 1986, pp. 222-223, fig. 28.1 (d); as well as GOST 24893.0-81, GOST 24893.2-83). The beam is installed on the outer consoles of the columns of the extreme row and serves to support the curtain walls from masonry.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is the expansion of architectural and planning capabilities both at the construction stage and the operation of buildings of prefabricated frame type, firstly, by eliminating protruding inwardly frame elements, and secondly, due to the possibility of using curtain walls from masonry for tall buildings .

The problem is solved due to the fact that in a prefabricated frame building containing columns supporting crossbars with shelves for supporting floor slabs, and strapping beams for supporting curtain walls of the outer fence, made with longitudinal, outward facing, relative to the building frame, shelves, according to the claimed of the invention, the longitudinal shelves of the strapping beams are made with elongated ends extending beyond the ends of these beams, which, with the exception of the longitudinal shelves, are placed in the alignments of the columns around the perimeter of the building frame, The elongated ends of the shelves are adjacent to the outer edges of the columns and the longitudinal shelves form closed belts covering the building frame at the levels of floor floors, while some of the strapping beams are made with an additional longitudinal shelf located on the side of the beam facing the inside of the frame and used to support the floor slabs at least a part of which is made with support undercuts having a shape that is reciprocal to the shape of the mating shelves of the crossbars and the strapping beams.

The problem was also solved due to the fact that two new structural elements were used in the construction of the building:

- a strapping beam with a longitudinal shelf, in which, according to the claimed invention, the shelf is made with elongated ends extending beyond the ends of the beam,

- a strapping beam with a longitudinal shelf, in which, according to the claimed invention, the shelf is made with elongated ends extending beyond the ends of the beam, while another longitudinal shelf is made on the opposite side of the beam body relative to the first mentioned shelf to support the floor slabs.

And the "crossbars" and "strapping beams" refer to the horizontal beam elements of the frame. In some sources, the extreme beams that serve to support

external walls are referred to as “facade girders”, in other sources - as “strapping beams”. To avoid ambiguity and unambiguous understanding of the signs in the application, the term "crossbars" accepts load-bearing beams installed in the middle part of the building frame, on which floor slabs are supported, and the term "strapping beams" characterizes load-bearing beams located around the perimeter of the building frame and used to support outdoor wall fencing.

The claimed solution allows you to get several positive technical results.

Placement of strapping beams in the alignment of columns, i.e. between the columns of the frame, in comparison with the prototype solution, it allowed to redistribute the main loads from the hinged exterior walls from the outer consoles to the columns of the columns, thereby significantly increasing the strength and rigidity of the building structure.

With such a placement of known L-shaped beams, the inevitable problem of protecting columns located around the perimeter of the frame from atmospheric effects, freezing, drying, etc., which requires additional measures to protect the columns, the use of additional materials. The implementation of the strapping beams of the new, claimed design allows you to solve the aforementioned problem without the use of additional materials and tools. Performing a longitudinal shelf of beams with elongated ends extending beyond the ends of the beam allows one to place the beam in the alignment of the columns, and on the other to arrange the shelves of the beams beyond the plane of the outer faces of the columns, i.e. on the outer side of the building frame, with the elongated ends of the shelves adjacent to the outer edges of the columns on the outside, and the longitudinal shelves themselves form closed belts along the height of the building, covering the frame at the level of floors and serving as a support for the outer layers of the wall enclosure. Thus, the outermost columns of the frame are externally covered by the end parts of the shelves and protected from adverse atmospheric influences by a wall fence mounted on them.

At the same time, each of the columns located around the perimeter of the frame is placed (and the corner column is enclosed) in the space formed between two adjacent strapping beams, which allows you to hide the mentioned columns inside the wall outer fence. Thus, another positive result of the invention is the exclusion of vertical ribs protruding inside the room. Production of floor slabs with trimmings on the supporting ends,

having the shape corresponding to the shape of the shelves of the crossbars mating with them, also allows you to exclude protruding inner ribs and get a flat surface overlap.

Thus, the claimed combination of essential features can significantly increase the rigidity of the building structure and ensures the exclusion of the protruding parts of the supporting structures inside the building.

Another positive result of the claimed invention is a new solution to the corner joints of the building frame and reducing the number of prefabricated elements necessary for this by eliminating the individual corner elements of the facade. The strapping of the corners is carried out by joining the end sections of the elongated shelves of the strapping beams.

In the claimed solution, a part of the strapping beams made with one shelf, designed to support the load-bearing walls of the outer fence, performs two functions at once: the function of the known strapping beam and the function of the tie beam used in known frames to increase the rigidity of the structure.

The other part of the strapping beams, containing an additional horizontal shelf for supporting floor slabs, also combines two functions: the function of the strapping beam and the function of the load-bearing beam for supporting the floor slabs. In fact, this strapping beam is a crossbar.

Thus, the said beams act simultaneously as building frame elements and wall fencing elements.

The analysis of the prior art carried out by the applicant showed the uncertainty of the claimed combination of essential features and its impact on obtaining the mentioned technical results. Moreover, all the objects of the claimed group of inventions are closely interconnected by a single inventive concept and provide the opportunity to achieve the same technical results.

Tying beams with one longitudinal shelf are installed unidirectionally with floor slabs. In this case, the beam is the extreme element in the series of floor slabs and performs load-bearing functions only with respect to the outer walls.

Tying beams with two longitudinal shelves are placed in the transverse direction to the floor slabs, which allows them to be used to support not only external walls, but also floor slabs.

The predominant use of the claimed invention in buildings with an external fence made in the form of three-layer walls with an external

a facing layer of ceramic brick and an inner layer of effective insulation or in the form of walls with a ventilated facade.

In the specific case of the implementation in horizontal shelves of strapping beams that serve to support the curtain walls of the outer fence, it is preferable to make thermal connectors in the form of through holes spaced along the length of the shelf, located in the alignment with a layer of wall insulation and filled with effective insulation. This solution will solve the problems of "cold bridges" and increase the thermal protection of the building.

In the specific case of the building, the side edge (surface) of the said shelves may extend onto the front surface of the outer wall. In this case, it plays the role of a decorative element in the design of the exterior wall of the building. Shelves form a facade belt that separates the floors. Due to the fact that the manufacture of beams is carried out in the factory, the design of the side surface facing the building facade can be carried out in the factory, which greatly expands the possibility of obtaining new architectural solutions for the building facade, and the number of options for such design is unlimited and is determined by the design the architect.

The part of the strapping beam located in the alignment of the columns is made with a width commensurate with the width of these columns.

In the specific case of the invention, the abutting ends of the shelves of adjacent strapping beams are elongated to a value that ensures that said ends are joined together in the middle of the outer edge of the column. Such a docking connection is usually performed in the middle of the extreme row of columns, i.e. those columns that are located between the angular around the perimeter of the frame.

In another specific embodiment of the invention, the abutting ends of the shelves are elongated, respectively: one to a value equal to the width of the adjacent face of the column, and the other to a value equal to the sum of the width of the adjacent face of the column and the width of the abutting shelf, which allows the angular connection of the strapping beams, covering the angular the column.

It is advisable to carry load-bearing crossbars of reduced height, which gives a reduction in weight and material savings. At the same time, such a crossbar has sufficient strength, which was confirmed by tests of structures in the factory and laboratory conditions.

It is preferable to connect the load-bearing crossbars and strapping beams with columns according to the principle of “hidden console”.

Multi-hollow slabs are usually used as floor slabs.

The strapping beams with one longitudinal shelf are preferably made of lightweight expanded clay concrete.

Tying beams with two longitudinal shelves are preferably made of heavy concrete of classes B 15-B30, which is explained by its bearing functions.

At the ends of the strapping beams in the lower part, support trimming can be performed, which makes it possible to connect the beam with the console of the column as a “hidden” console.

In the strapping beam with two longitudinal shelves, the shelf for supporting the outer layer of the wall can be made lowered relative to the second shelf height with the formation of the step, providing the installation of the reinforcing frame of the beam.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The technical essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 - shows a fragment of the frame of a prefabricated multi-story building for civilian purposes, a plan view;

figure 2 is a section aa from figure 1, shows the connection of floor slabs with shelves of crossbars;

figure 3 - strapping beam with one longitudinal shelf, figure 4 is also a view In from figure 3;

figure 5 - also, section bb in figure 3,

figure 6 - strapping beam with two longitudinal shelves,

in Fig.7 - also, view C from Fig.6;

Fig.8 is also a section CC of Fig.6,

Fig.9 - also, shows the reinforcement of the beam,

figure 10 is a fragment I of figure 1, shows a non-corner connection of the frame elements,

figure 11 is a section 1-1 of figure 10,

in Fig.12 - fragment II of Fig.1, shows the angular connection of the frame elements,

on Fig 13 - section 2-2 of Fig.12,

Fig.14 is a section 3-3 of Fig.12;

on Fig - execution of the external fencing in the form of load-bearing three-layer walls, Fig.16 - external fencing with a ventilated facade.

The implementation of the invention

The claimed solution allows the construction of residential and public multi-storey (up to 22 floors) buildings designed for operation under normal loads, at temperatures up to -40 ° C, in a non-aggressive gas environment.

The prefabricated frame building contains (see FIG. 1) columns 1, load-bearing crossbars 2, hollow core slabs 3 and hollow beams 4 and 5 fixed to the console of the columns for supporting the curtain walls of the outer fence (not shown in the drawing).

Columns 1 used are made with a section of 400 × 400 with or without one or two consoles by analogy and in the rigging of columns of the standard series 1.020-1 / 87, II-04, etc. The columns are cut with a three-story cut.

Bearing crossbars 2 (see figure 2) are made with a reduced height of 300 mm with shelves 6 in the lower part with a height of 100 mm.

At least part of the multi-hollow slabs 3 used in the building structure are molded along two opposite opposite ends with clippings 7, the so-called supporting clippings. Clippings 7 are made at half the thickness of the plate and have a shape that is reciprocal to the shape of the shelves 6 of the crossbars, which, when mated with the latter, makes it possible to obtain an even ceiling surface 8 of the ceiling.

The crossbars 2 and slabs 3 used can be manufactured on standard equipment in commonly used formwork for serial structural elements of the 1.020 / 87 series. Why special liners are installed in the said formwork. To date, a number of plate sizes have been developed, allowing you to get a large number of overlap options.

For the manufacture of strapping beams 4 and 5, the original formwork is used.

The strapping beam 4 (see Figs. 3-5) is made with a section 400 × 400 of lightweight expanded clay concrete of grade B30, reinforced with spatial frameworks using reinforcement of class A-III ⌀16 ÷ 25. In the lower part of the beam 4, a longitudinal shelf 9 is made with a height of 150 mm. The width of the shelf is calculated on the basis of specific conditions and the type of external fence, because the beam can be used for medium, angular and temperature inserts. The ends of the flange 9 are extended beyond the ends of the beam with the formation of protrusions, which are a continuation of this shelf. The elongation of the shelf is also calculated based on the specific conditions of use of the beam, its location in the frame, etc., moreover, the elongation of one end of the shelf may not coincide with the elongation of the other end of the shelf

Along the entire length of the shelf 9, rectangular openings 10 are made along their entire thickness, filled with an effective insulation from. To connect with other structural elements, the beam 4 contains various embedded parts 11.

The strapping beam 5 or the crossbar (see Fig.6-9), is designed on the basis of a single-deck bolt with a height of 450 mm for spans 1.5, 3.0, 4.2, and 6.0 m. The beam 5 is made of heavy concrete of class B30 and reinforced with spatial frames with using class A-III fittings ⌀16 ÷ 25. In the lower part of the beam 5, on one side, a longitudinal shelf 12 is made with a height of 150 mm, the ends of which are elongated beyond the ends of the beam. Along the entire length of the shelf 12, rectangular openings 13 are made filled with an effective insulation from. On the other side of the beam 5 from the shelf 12, a second longitudinal shelf 14 is made for supporting the slabs 3 of the floors. Shelves 12 and 14 are made of different heights, which is determined primarily by their different purposes. In order to reduce the "cold bridge" shelf 12 is made with the lowest possible height, providing sufficient shelf strength. The shelf 12 may have a stepped shape, and the presence of the step 15 is due to the need to place the spatial frame of the beam (see Fig.9).

The width and length of the support flanges of the beams is calculated based on the specific conditions and type of external fence. The beam 5 also contains embedded parts 16 necessary for its fastening during the assembly process.

The strapping beams have been successfully tested in factory and laboratory conditions.

In addition to the aforementioned, other typical elements of the 1.020-1 / 87 series can be used in the construction of the building, which is determined by the specific purpose of the building and the design intent.

The method of erection of a prefabricated building structure is illustrated by drawings (Fig.10-16) and is performed as follows.

Columns 1 are installed and fixed into the design position. Horizontal crossbars are mounted; for this purpose, crossbars 2 of the first tier (floor) are laid and fixed on the console of 17 columns 1. The connection of the crossbars 2 with the columns 1 is preferably solved according to the well-known principle of "hidden console". The supporting sections of the crossbars are fixed with the help of embedded parts of "fish" 18 of the type of the II-04 series, which create pinching on the support, (see Fig. 10-11) The building frame is solved according to the connection scheme with conditionally articulated coupling of the crossbars with columns.

In the alignments of the columns 1 located along the perimeter of the frame, beams 4 and 5 are mounted.

Assembly of structural elements is performed by welding embedded parts. The strapping beam 4 is laid on the supporting tables 19 of the columns 1 and fixed by welding embedded parts. The body of the beam 4, with the exception of its longitudinal shelf 9, is located between the columns 1. The shelf 9 stands for the outer edges of the 20 columns 1. On the console of 21 columns 1, strapping beams 5 are installed, forming a connection according to the principle of "hidden console". The supporting sections of the beams 5 with a length of more than 3 m are also fixed with the help of embedded parts - “fish”, similar to crossbars. The body of the beam 5 is located between the columns 1, with the exception of its longitudinal shelves 12, protruding beyond the outer edges 20 of the columns 1.

Beams 4 are installed unidirectionally with slabs 3 of floors (see figure 1) and act as extreme elements of the floor. Beams 5 are placed in the frame of the building across slabs 3 floors, as well as crossbars 2.

Beams create additional rigid bonds between the columns of the extreme rows of the frame, thereby increasing the rigidity of the latter.

Figure 10 shows the butt connection of the column 1 of the extreme row with two strapping beams 4. The ends 22 of the elongated shelves 9 of the adjacent beams 4 are joined in the middle of the outer edge 20 of the column 1. Due to the fact that the cross section of the columns and the cross section of the strapping beams 4 and 5 are made with dimensions 400 * 400, the columns are completely hidden in the space formed between two adjacent strapping beams. From the inside on the same column can be fixed crossbar 2.

12 shows the butt connection of the corner column 1 with the strapping beams 4 and 5. The abutting ends 23 and 24 of the elongated shelves 9 and 12, respectively, cover the column 1 along its outer edges, while the column appears to be enclosed in a space formed by being connected to her beams 4 and 5. The protrusion 24 of the end of the shelf 12 is equal to the width of the adjacent face 20 of the column, and the protrusion 23 of the end of the shelf 9 is equal to the total value of the width of the adjacent face 20 of the column and the width of the shelf 12.

Shelves 9 and 12 of the tie beams 4 and 5, mounted according to the scheme determined during the design of the building, cover the frame of the building along the perimeter at each level of floors, forming closed supporting straps 25.

After mounting the crossbars 2 and the strapping beams 4 and 5 and closing the entire circuit of the building, the joints are monitored and the floor is installed. On the shelves 6 of the crossbars 2 and the shelves 14 of the strapping beams 5, slabs 3 are laid. All joints and interplate seams are carefully monolithic, after which the prefabricated ceiling

works as a single drive. As necessary, i.e. through three floors, columns 1 are built up, and the structures of the next floor are installed in the same sequence.

The walls of the external fence are erected both immediately after the installation of the overlying floor, and after the installation of the entire building system.

On Fig shows the implementation of the external fencing in the form of load-bearing three-layer walls with an outer facing layer 26 of ceramic brick and a layer of effective insulation 27, floor-mounted on the shelves 9 and 12 of the strapping beams 4 and 5, the side surface 28 of which extends to the front surface of the outer wall forming the facade belt of the building.

On Fig shows the implementation of the external fencing in the form of walls with a ventilated facade 29.

Thus, the claimed invention allows to obtain a fundamentally new fully assembled building frame, characterized by the absence of protruding inner ribs and corners, a flat ceiling surface, which provides freedom and wide possibilities for planning and redevelopment of premises. The use of two new elements - special-shaped strapping beams and the implementation of floor slabs with trim on the support allows you to upgrade the well-known widely used standard series 1.020 / 87 and to provide the possibility of its use in the construction of multi-storey buildings for various purposes in combination with new developments based on the use of building external fencing highly effective heat-saving modern building materials, for example lightweight cellular concrete, expanded polystyrene and so on.

The building is characterized by a high level of comfort, free floor planning, a variety of space-planning decisions, the possibility of transforming planning decisions during the construction and operation of buildings, a high rate of construction and all-weather construction.

Claims (21)

1. A prefabricated frame building containing columns, supporting crossbars with shelves for supporting floor slabs, and strapping beams for supporting non-supporting walls of the external fence, made with longitudinal shelves facing outward relative to the building frame, characterized in that the longitudinal shelves of the strapping beams are made with elongated the ends extending beyond the ends of these beams, which, with the exception of the longitudinal shelves, are placed in the alignments of the columns along the perimeter of the building frame, the elongated ends of the shelves adjacent to the outer faces of the stake n and longitudinal shelves form closed belts, covering the building frame at the levels of floors, while some of the strapping beams are made with an additional longitudinal shelf located on the side of the beam facing the inside of the frame, and serving to support the floor slabs, at least some of which are made with supporting clippings having a shape that is reciprocal to the shape of the mating shelves of the crossbars and the strapping beams. 2. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the strapping beams with one longitudinal shelf are installed unidirectionally with floor slabs, and the strapping beams with two longitudinal shelves are placed across the floor slabs. 3. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the curtain walls of the external fencing are made in the form of three-layer walls with a facing layer of ceramic brick and an inner layer of effective insulation. 4. The building according to claim 3, characterized in that the facing layer and the insulation layer are floor-by-floor supported on shelves of strapping beams made with a side surface facing the front surface of the outer wall. 5. The building according to claim 4, characterized in that through shelves are made in the shelves of the tie beams in the alignment of the wall insulation layer, spaced along the length of the beam and filled with effective insulation. 6. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the external fence is made in the form of walls with a ventilated facade. 7. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the part of the strapping beam located in the alignment of the columns is made with a width commensurate with the width of these columns. 8. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the abutting ends of the shelves of adjacent strapping beams are elongated to a value that ensures that said ends are joined together in the middle of the outer edge of the column. 9. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the abutting ends of the adjacent shelves connected to the corner column of the strapping beams are elongated, respectively: one to a value equal to the width of the adjacent face of the column, and the other to the amount equal to the sum of the width of the adjacent face of the column and width of the joined shelf. 10. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the columns are made with three-story cutting. 11. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing crossbars are made of reduced height. 12. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the load-bearing crossbars and strapping beams are connected to the columns according to the principle of "hidden console". 13. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the multi-hollow slabs are used as floor slabs. 14. The strapping beam with a longitudinal shelf, characterized in that the shelf is made with elongated ends extending beyond the ends of the beam. 15. The beam according to 14, characterized in that in the shelf of the beam along its length there are made through holes filled with an effective heater. 16. The beam according to 14, characterized in that it is made of expanded clay concrete. 17. A strapping beam with a longitudinal shelf, characterized in that the shelf is made with elongated ends extending beyond the ends of the beam, while another longitudinal shelf is made on the opposite side of the beam body from the first mentioned shelf to support the floor slabs. 18. The beam according to claim 17, characterized in that through holes are made in the shelf with elongated ends, spaced along the length of the shelf and filled with an effective heater. 19. The beam according to claim 17, characterized in that along its ends in the lower part are made support clippings for installation on the console of columns with the formation of a connection like a hidden console. 20. The beam according to claim 17, characterized in that it is made of heavy concrete of classes B15-B30. 21. The beam according to claim 17, characterized in that the shelf with elongated ends is made lowered relative to the second shelf height with the formation of the step, providing the installation of the reinforcing frame of the beam.