RU2582241C2 - Method for constructing energy-efficient, environmentally safe structures of prefabricated structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, specifically to a method for construction of energy-efficient, environmentally safe structures. Task is solved by construction of energy-efficient, environmentally safe structures of prefabricated structures in form of modular assembly elements, through which structures are mounted on a base, prefabricated panels are used to build wall structures, floors, covers and attached to each other, and modular prefabricated elements are made from light steel components and panel sheet, frame structure of light steel components is made of C-shaped profile and on each modular collecting element sheet material is fixed on both sides, with symmetric shift outward by no more than ½ width of C-shaped profile.

EFFECT: technical task of present invention is a method for construction of an environmentally friendly structure, which would allow reducing range of manufactured and components, create a unified modular elements, due to application of which reduce consumption of sheet material wastes and increases labour efficiency, specifically creating unified modular elements for walls, floors, covers, roof, from which would be possible construction of different buildings and structures, both low-rise and high-rise residential and industrial buildings.

5 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular to a method for the construction of energy-efficient, environmentally friendly structures, and can be used in the development of projects and subsequent development of residential areas for resettlement and permanent residence, as well as recreational areas for seasonal recreation, in the construction of social facilities, housing and industrial destination.

Known frame-panel technology for the construction of an energy-efficient building according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 131752, class. E04B 1/02, 2013, which made it possible to create a highly energy-efficient building due to the greater use of a frame made of lightweight thin-walled metal profiles, energy-efficient insulation, components, architectural means and techniques.

The frame-and-panel technology used in the construction of such a building represents a reasonable and effective solution that provides significant savings, one of the components of which is the use of a metal frame based on light steel thin-walled structures and a reinforced concrete supporting frame with heat-insulating inserts in building envelopes.

However, in the construction of such buildings there are no typical modules, which leads to the use of a large range of components, which inevitably leads to waste, to an increase in stocks and construction time.

A known method of constructing an eco-friendly building according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 80486, class. E04H 1/00, 2009, adopted by the applicant for the prototype, according to which the elements of the structure, namely the base, walls, floors, roofs, are made of panels, fastened together and mounted on the foundation.

A foundation is being erected on the selected and marked area, for which screw piles are installed in the indicated places, exposing them at the same level. Then, in order to create a single foundation, all screw piles are connected together by a strapping beam, either metal or concrete.

The base is mounted on the erected foundation, collecting it from three layers, while the base panel is fixed directly to the foundation. After that, walls are erected, the panels of which are connected to the base panels. Beams are installed inside the walls, connecting them together with a connecting element and fasteners. The voids between the ordinary beams are filled with insulation. And the corner of the wall, where the beam and wall panels are also located, is connected by an end connecting element. To give a certain rigidity to the building, the lower and upper ends of the assembled walls are connected with a strapping beam.

Then mount the ceiling, also made of standardized panels, laying them on the assembled walls and connecting with the strapping beam. After that, the elements of the roof and roof are erected. The building is assembled. They begin to finish the interior, including installing a ventilation and heating system, which includes a warm baseboard. It is installed around the perimeter of the room. The heat emanating from it quickly heats the floor and walls of the room and maintains a constant temperature throughout its height.

However, in the construction of the described building, not only a significant number of panels are used that determine the nomenclature of components included in the building structure, but also waste, including lumber.

The technical task of the invention is to create a method of building an environmentally friendly structure, which would reduce the range of manufactured and component products, create unified modular elements, through the use of which reduce the cost of sheet material, production waste and increase productivity, namely, to create unified modular elements for walls , ceilings, coatings, roofs, from which it would be possible to build various buildings and structures, as small storey and high-rise residential and industrial buildings.

ширины С-образного профиляThe problem is solved in that in the proposed solution, modular prefabricated elements are made of light steel components and sheathed with sheet material, while the structural frame of light steel components is made of a C-shaped profile, and on each modular prefabricated element, the sheet material is fixed on both sides, with a symmetric outward shift of no more than

C-profile widths

ширины С-образного профиля.In addition, on each modular prefabricated element, the sheet material is fixed on both sides, with a symmetric outward shift of not more than

the width of the C-shaped profile.

In addition, to fill the openings formed by the window-sill and window-sill modular prefabricated elements - the window opening, and the doorway made in the door modular prefabricated element, an additional slope panel with a width equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the modular prefabricated element and the front structure is installed in each aperture, the panel is fixed slope to the light steel component, after which the opening is filled with a window or door structure in at least two independent circuits, the outer circuit being fixed to the panel a and mounted flush with the front structure.

In addition, from a set of modular prefabricated elements, preliminary assembly of volume elements in the form of block rooms is carried out, from which then an energy-efficient, environmentally friendly structure is built.

In addition, for the manufacture of ceilings and coatings, a spatial structure in the form of a truss made of light steel components is used as a supporting support element for the overlap and coating, in which the C-shaped profile is made with shelves more than the profile height, cutouts are made on the lower and upper trusses racks and braces of the truss and holes for fasteners, while the profile used for the manufacture of braces and racks is performed with a stiffener, and for the assembly of the truss use fasteners tubular rivet or bolt connection, whereupon the lower and upper belts farm fixed initial sheeting.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution consists in the use of unified modular prefabricated elements made in sizes that are a multiple of the sheet size of the whole sheet material of the carcass sheathing included in the set of modular prefabricated elements for the installation of walls, ceilings, coatings, roofing, and allowed to reduce the range of manufactured and component parts construction of energy-efficient, environmentally friendly structures, create unified modular prefabricated elements, reduce waste sheet material and production in general, increase labor productivity and, as a result, reduce the cost of construction of the structure.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an assembly of a structure from modular prefabricated elements;

in FIG. 2 is a fragment of an example of connecting wall modular prefabricated elements between themselves and the base;

in FIG. 3 is a section A-A in FIG. 2;

in FIG. 4 - ordinary modular prefabricated element in assembled form, top view;

in FIG. 5 - a fragment of the layout in the opening of the wall of the building elements of the enclosing window construction;

in FIG. 6 is a fragment of the layout of the wall structure of the elements of the enclosing door structure;

in FIG. 7 - door modular prefabricated element;

in FIG. 8 - volumetric elements in the form of block rooms;

in FIG. 9 - bearing supporting elements of the overlap and cover, made in the form of a truss and a cross-section of racks and braces with a stiffener.

It is known that the use of modular elements, including volumetric ones, allows us to produce not only building structures, but also to build buildings and structures with various space-planning solutions.

The manufacture of modular elements does not require a significant material and technical base. The light weight of the elements makes it possible to install them without lifting mechanisms. Installation of ready-made modules allows you to reduce the time during installation of building structures and reduce the cost of work.

In the construction of green buildings according to the claimed method, a modular principle is used. For this, before starting production of such buildings and structures, a basic module with their dimensions is specially selected. In the proposed solution, as such a basic module, sheet material is taken, for example, steel sheet, chipboard, fiberboard or OSB sheet and others, whose overall dimensions determine the multiplicity of sizes of all modular prefabricated elements.

In the future, the use of the base module - the initial sheet material - is aimed at the manufacture of modular wall prefabricated elements, as well as modular prefabricated floor, cover, roof and volumetric elements in the form of block rooms with dimensions that are multiples of the dimensions of the base module.

The modular prefabricated elements used for the construction of the walls of the structure are a set of modular wall prefabricated elements, which include, for example: corner 1, row 2, window sill 3, window sill 4 and door modular prefabricated element 5 with a doorway 6. Window sill 3 and window sill 4 are modular prefabricated elements form a window opening 7. The frame of each wall modular prefabricated element is made of light steel components of a C-shaped profile 8. In this case, the dimensions of each modular prefabricated element are t times the sheet size of the base module, namely, the original sheet material 9. And the width of each modular element is determined by the formula A = a × 1 / n _a + a × m _a , or A = b × 1 / n _b + b × m _b , and set in sizes that are multiples of the size of the whole sheet of the original sheet material or part thereof, and the height of the wall modular prefabricated element determines the height of the building floor, the length of the floor, floor, roof elements is equal to the step of the supporting supporting elements, where:

- A is the width of the modular precast element;

- a, b - dimensions of the sheet material;

- n _a , n _b - factor a or b (1, 2, 3,4 ...);

- m _a , m _b is the multiple of a or b (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ...).

On each modular prefabricated element, the sheet material is fixed on both sides, with a symmetric outward shift of no more than ½ of the width of the C-shaped profile.

For example, an ordinary 2 modular prefabricated element is made as follows. On a frame made of light steel components of a C-shaped profile 8, sheet material 9 is fixed on both sides with a symmetrical shift of no more than 1/2 of the width of the C-shaped profile.

And in the manufacture of modular prefabricated elements of the overlap 10 and coating 11, the sheet material 9 is fixed at least from one bottom side of the modular prefabricated element 10 or 11 with a shift inward to the width of the C-shaped profile.

To fill the openings formed by the window-sill 3 and window-sill 4 modular prefabricated elements - the window aperture 7, and the door aperture 6, made in the door modular prefabricated element 5, additionally, a slope panel 12 with a width equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the modular prefabricated element and the facade structure is installed in each aperture 13. Fasten the slope panel 12 to the lightweight steel component 8, after which the opening is filled with window 14 or door 15 with at least two independent circuits. Moreover, the outer contour is fixed to the slope panel 12 and is flush with the facade structure 13.

For the manufacture of floors and coatings, a spatial structure in the form of a truss 16 of light steel components is used as a supporting support element for the overlap and coating, in which the C-shaped profile is made with shelves greater than the profile height, cutouts are made on the lower 17 and upper 18 belts of the farm 16 the installation of the struts 19 and the braces 20 of the farm 16 and the holes for the fasteners, while the profile used for the manufacture of the struts 19 and the braces 20 is performed with a stiffener 21, and fasteners are used to assemble the farm 16 in the form of tubular rivets 22 or bolted connections, after which the original sheet material 9 is fixed to the lower 17 and upper 18 zones of the farm 16.

In addition, using the proposed method from a set of modular prefabricated elements, preliminary assembly of volume elements in the form of block rooms 23 is carried out, from which then an energy-efficient, environmentally friendly structure is built.

The building or structure itself is constructed from a set of modular wall prefabricated elements and modular prefabricated floor and cover elements or from a set of volumetric elements in the form of block rooms.

The walls of the building and structures are erected as follows.

Volumetric elements in the form of block rooms 23 or wall modular prefabricated elements are installed on the previously prepared base 24, pre-laying a heat and sound insulation gasket 25 under them, they are fastened to the base 24 by means of corners 26 and anchor bolts 27 and are connected to each other by a connecting element 28. After whereby insulation 29 is placed inside each wall modular element, facade structures 13 are installed on the outer surface of the assembled wall, and the inner surface is lined.

Thus, all the walls of the structure are erected, both the front and the back, and the end, using the entire set of modular wall prefabricated elements. Use it, a set, in various combinations depending on the project and layout of the structure.

The dimensions of the modular wall prefabricated elements from which the structures are built are multiples of the dimensions of the base module - a whole sheet of the original sheet material. In addition, the dimensions of modular prefabricated elements should be convenient for transportation by rail and road and meet the requirements of the rules for the carriage of goods, taking into account the degree of oversize.

After that, modular prefabricated floor elements are laid on the supporting wall modular prefabricated elements 10. Modular prefabricated floor elements 11 are laid on the supporting supporting floor elements - trusses 16 and fastened together. They install roof and facade structures, perform installation of internal and external engineering systems, perform external and internal finishing work.

Using the proposed technical solution, it was possible to create a method of building an energy-efficient, environmentally friendly structure using volumetric or modular prefabricated elements on the basis of the basic module, which allowed to reduce the range of components, create unified elements through which to reduce production waste and increase labor productivity.

Since the main heat losses of the building occur through the openings, the manufacture of openings equipped with slope panels for installing at least two independent circuits from window or door structures, significantly reduced these losses by the external enclosing structures.

Claims (5)

1. The method of construction of energy-efficient, environmentally friendly structures from prefabricated structures in the form of modular prefabricated elements, by which the structures of the structure are mounted on the base, constructed from prefabricated panels, wall structures, floors, coatings and fastened together, characterized in that the modular prefabricated elements are made of light steel components and sheathed with sheet material, while the frame structure of light steel components is made of a C-shaped profile, and on each modular assembly The sheet material is fixed on both sides with a symmetrical outward shift of no more than

the width of the C-shaped profile. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that on each modular prefabricated element, the sheet material is fixed on both sides, with a symmetric outward shift of not more than

the width of the C-shaped profile. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that for filling the openings formed by the window sill and window sill modular prefabricated elements - the window opening, and the door opening made in the door modular prefabricated element, in addition to each opening, a slope panel with a width equal to the sum of the thicknesses is installed modular prefabricated element and front structure, fasten the slope panel to the light steel component, after which the opening is filled with a window or door structure in at least two independent circuits, the outer circuit fastened to the slope panel and mounted flush with the facade design. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that from a set of modular prefabricated elements pre-assemble volumetric elements in the form of block rooms, from which then build an energy-efficient, environmentally friendly structure. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that for the manufacture of floors and coatings as a supporting bearing of the floor and cover using a spatial structure in the form of a truss of light steel components, in which the C-shaped profile is performed with shelves more than the height of the profile, the lower and upper zones of the trusses make cuts for installing racks and braces of the truss and holes for fasteners, while the profile used to make braces and racks is made with a stiffener, and for assembling the truss use fasteners in the form of tubular rivets or bolted joints, after which the original sheet material is fixed to the lower and upper chords of the truss.

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