RU2806912C1 - Method for multi-tiered cultivation of forest seedlings with closed root system in closed ground - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for multi-tiered cultivation of coniferous seedlings with a closed root system in closed ground, including preparing a substrate, filling containers, sowing seeds in containers filled with substrate, arranging containers on shelves and creating a water and light regime, characterized in that peat is used as a substrate, planting cassettes are used as containers, which are installed on shelves of racks covered with geomats that allow the substrate to be moistened using the capillary movement of water during irrigation, while the planting cassettes are placed on racks with clearance between the shelves, creating several tiers, with adjustable additional lighting for each tier, with In this case, the lighting is turned on and off gradually in order to create natural conditions for the seedlings.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to ensure cyclical and continuous cultivation of coniferous seedlings with a closed root system, in closed ground, with the highest possible efficiency of the planting area due to year-round cultivation and multi-tiering while maintaining the necessary microclimate.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to forestry and can be used in growing planting material, in particular coniferous seedlings with a closed root system.

Due to the increasing requirements for reforestation, as an integral part of the process of forest reproduction, namely, the mandatory planting of new trees in forest felling areas, measures are being taken to implement the legislative acts of the Russian Federation - the Forest Code of the Russian Federation dated December 4, 2006 No. 200-FZ (with change); Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 11, 2021 No. 312-r “On approval of the Strategy for the development of the forestry complex of the Russian Federation until 2030”; Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2014 No. 318 (as amended) “On approval of the state program of the Russian Federation “Forestry Development”; Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated March 25, 2019 No. 188 (as amended) “On approval of the Rules for reforestation, the composition of the reforestation project, the procedure for developing a reforestation project and making changes to it”; Industry standard OST 56-98-93 “Seedlings and saplings of main tree and shrub species. Technical conditions”, approved and put into effect by Order No. 327 of December 10, 1993 of the Federal Forestry Service of Russia, currently the Federal Forestry Agency (Rosleskhoz).

There is a known study on the cultivation of containerized (cassettes with cells) seedlings with a closed root system in specialized greenhouse complexes (see Growing planting material with a closed root system in the Ustyansky greenhouse complex. Practical recommendations / Compiled by A.V. Zhigunov, A.I. Sokolov , V.A. Kharitonov. - Petrozavodsk: Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2016. - P. 4-21).

There is a known technology for growing planting material in closed ground, in stationary greenhouses of various types, using containers for growing annual seedlings (see Yakimov N.I. Forest growing technology: a textbook / N.I. Yakimov, V.K. Gvozdev. - Minsk : RIPO, 2015. - pp. 128-135).

The results of a study of the technological features of growing planting material of Norway spruce and Scots pine with a closed root system are known (see Reshetnikova O.V. Features of growing coniferous plants for reforestation / O.V. Reshetnikova, A.V. Zarechnev // Scientific works on agronomy. - 2019. - No. 2. - pp. 29-37).

A system for growing seedlings is known to provide high-quality seedlings formed into cells, which are placed on multi-tiered vertical racks, and the seedlings can be of various types (see Patent for invention JP 2001231376A, IPC A01G 7/00, A01G 7/02, A01G 9/ 00, A01G 9/24, publication 08/28/2001).

There is a known method for growing seedlings of forest and ornamental crops with a closed root system in containers (see Patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2040884, IPC A01G 1/00, publication 08/09/1995).

There are known methods for growing coniferous seedlings; Scots pine seedlings (all methods with a closed root system), using containers (see Patents for the invention of the Russian Federation IPC A01G 23/00, No. 2215402, publication 05/27/2003; No. 2622716, IPC A01G 23/00, publication 03/09/2017 ); No. 2195813, publication 01/10/2003; No. 2632954, publication October 11, 2017).

There are known theoretical approaches to the development of container technologies for growing planting material and their practical use in growing forest crops (see N.P. Chernobrovkina. Modern technologies for growing coniferous planting material and ways to improve them / N.P. Chernobrovkina, O.V. Chernyshenko, A.V. Egorova, M.I. Zaitseva, E.V. Robonen; Federal State Budgetary Institution of Forestry Institute of the Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman // Bulletin of the Moscow State Forest University - Flattering Bulletin. - 2016. - No. 6. - pp. 6-14).

The requirements for the construction of greenhouse complexes for growing seedlings with a closed root system in protected soil conditions are also known (see M.I. Zaitseva. Growing and use of pine and spruce seedlings with a closed root system in the Republic of Karelia: a manual / M.I. Zaitseva, S.A. Stepanov - Penza: ICNS "Science and Enlightenment", 2016. - 34 p.).

There is work on establishing optimal illumination parameters when growing coniferous seedlings, using a light meter (see Zhigulin E.V. The influence of illumination on the growth of seedlings with a closed root system / E.V. Zhigulin, A.S. Opletaev // International scientific -research journal. - 2021. - No. 11 (113). - Part 1. - November. - pp. 124-128).

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a method for growing Scots pine seedlings with a closed root system, including preparing a substrate from peat with additives, filling containers with substrate, sowing seeds in containers filled with substrate, mulching and care during cultivation (see Patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2623479 , IPC A01G 23/00, publication 06/29/2017), accepted as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype and analogues is the low efficiency of using the area of closed ground.

The problem to which the claimed invention is aimed is to increase the efficiency of growing coniferous seedlings with a closed root system in closed ground.

The technical result achieved in the implementation of the claimed invention is expressed in the maximum efficiency of using the area of closed ground due to year-round cultivation and multi-tiering with the maintenance of the necessary microclimate.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of multi-tiered cultivation of coniferous seedlings with a closed root system in closed ground, including preparing the substrate, filling containers, sowing seeds in containers filled with substrate, arranging containers on shelves and creating a water and light regime, according to the invention , peat is used as a substrate, planting cassettes are used as containers, which are installed on rack shelves covered with geomats that allow the substrate to be moistened using the capillary movement of water during irrigation, while the planting cassettes are placed on racks with a gap between the shelves, creating several tiers, with adjustable additional lighting for each tier, with the lighting being turned on and off gradually, in order to create natural conditions for the seedlings.

A comparative analysis of the features of the claimed solution with the features of the prototype indicates that the claimed solution meets the “novelty” criterion.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by photographs showing:

in fig. 1 - multi-tiered rack with shelves for planting cassettes for growing coniferous seedlings with a closed root system in closed ground; general form;

in fig. 2 - multi-tiered rack with shelves for planting cassettes for growing coniferous seedlings with a closed root system in closed ground, left view.

The method of multi-tiered cultivation of coniferous seedlings with a closed root system in closed ground is carried out as follows.

In greenhouses, shelving with clearance between the shelves is installed, depending on the coniferous seedlings being grown: spruce, larch or pine. Each tier is regularly illuminated to create natural conditions for coniferous seedlings.

Prepare a substrate from peat, fill planting cassettes and sow seeds of coniferous seedlings into planting cassettes.

Next, the planting cassettes are installed on rack shelves covered with geomats, which are moistened by means of a bottom watering device.

When growing coniferous seedlings, capillary movement of water is used to moisten the substrate in planting cassettes.

According to our experiments, we obtain a standard seedling according to OST 56-98-93 “Seedlings and saplings of main tree and shrub species. Technical conditions”, ready for transplantation to a permanent place, which allows the production of over 4 million seedlings per year.

The use of the present invention allows for cyclical and continuous cultivation of coniferous seedlings with a closed root system, in closed ground with the highest possible efficiency of the planting area, which affects the production of healthier seedlings with better survival rate; as well as economic indicators.

Claims (1)

A method for multi-tiered cultivation of coniferous seedlings with a closed root system in closed ground, including preparing a substrate, filling containers, sowing seeds in containers filled with substrate, arranging containers on shelves and creating a water and light regime, characterized in that peat is used as a substrate, planting cassettes are used as containers, which are installed on shelves of racks covered with geomats that allow the substrate to be moistened using the capillary movement of water during irrigation, while the planting cassettes are placed on racks with clearance between the shelves, creating several tiers, with adjustable additional lighting for each tier, with In this case, the lighting is turned on and off gradually in order to create natural conditions for the seedlings.