RU2798149C2 - Drilling reinforced concrete column and method for its construction - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to construction, especially in cramped conditions, in particular to elements and methods for monolithic erection of elements of buildings and structures, namely supporting reinforced concrete elements. The drilled reinforced concrete column includes a reinforcement cage structure embedded in a concrete mixture, consisting of an upper support and a lower foundation part. The reinforcing cage in the connection area of the upper supporting part of the column is connected rigidly or overlapped with the reinforcing cage of the lower foundation part. The reinforcing cage of the upper supporting part is enclosed in a non-removable metal pipe-formwork, which is at the same time an external reinforcing element of the reinforcing cage. The reinforced concrete column contains a monolithic power connection in the zone of connection of the reinforcing cage of the lower foundation part of the column with the upper supporting part, monolithic in the embedment. It contains a three-level vertical fitting of the column preventing displacement of the reinforcement cage of the column during its erection, while the first level of fitting is the fitting at the level of the foreshaft using a centring jig, the second level is the fitting of the reinforcing cage of the upper supporting part of the column with an external reinforcing pipe with spacer by hydraulic removable jacks them into a casing metal pipe, the third level is the monolithic reinforcing cage of the lower foundation part of the column.

EFFECT: increasing the guaranteed vertical accuracy when installing the supporting foundation and structural elements of a building or structure and the possibility of erecting a building, structure simultaneously up and down below the zero mark with the least labour costs and the number of production operations.

8 cl, 3 dwg

Description

1. Technical field

The invention relates to construction, especially in cramped conditions, in particular to elements and methods for monolithic erection of elements of buildings and structures, namely supporting reinforced concrete elements.

2. State of the art

A device for transferring pressure to the underlying dense layers of soil formed by filling drilled wells with concrete /Concise Polytechnical Dictionary. - M.: State. ed. technical and theoretical literature, 1956, p. 830, ref. "Pile"/ /1/.

A device is known in the form of a vertical support to maintain the elements of the floors of the structure /Concise Polytechnical Dictionary. -M.: State. ed. technical and theoretical literature, 1956, p. 429, ref. "Column" / /2/.

Known reinforced concrete support containing monolithic concrete mixture skeleton, including fittings and communication nodes /Pat. RF No. 2094575, IPC (6) E04C 5/01, E04B 1/16, 1991/ /3/.

Known reinforced concrete column, including monolithic concrete mixture reinforcement cage and embedded parts, consisting of the upper support and lower foundation parts /Metelyuk N.S. and others. Piles and pile foundations, Kyiv, "Budivelnik", 1977, p. 49-51/ /4/.

A known method of erection of a drilled reinforced concrete column, including the operations of manufacturing columns with embedded parts, concreting in a non-removable formwork in the design position in a well with monolithic /Yurkevich P.B. "Drill strings - the new reality." //"Underground space of the world", 2001, №4, p. 12-21, ISSN 0869-799X, TIMR, Moscow/ /5/.

The disadvantage of the known devices and methods for their installation /1-5/ is the lack of guaranteed accuracy of the installed column vertically, especially when combining the work of the zero cycle with work on the construction of building elements or structures above the zero mark.

Also known, adopted as the closest technical solution in terms of "Device", "Reinforced concrete drilling string" /RF patent No. 2229557/ /6/

Known /6/ Drilling reinforced concrete column, consisting of the upper supporting and lower foundation parts, includes a reinforcement cage and embedded parts embedded in a concrete mixture, the supporting upper part of the column is made in a non-removable formwork.

The disadvantage of the known device /6/ "Reinforced concrete drilling column" in the presence of uncompensated deviations from the verticality of the column, arising during the construction method, due to the fact that the column contains a two-level horizontal fastening against displacement during the construction process.

The inventive column differs from the known technical solution /6/ in the presence of a tubular reinforcing element - a non-removable pipe-formwork, contains a three-level horizontal fastening from displacement of the reinforcing cage during the construction of the column, placed in the boundary regions of the column - top, bottom and junction area of the upper support and the lower foundation parts, as well as the power monolithic reinforced concrete connection of the lower foundation and upper supporting parts of the column.

Also known is the “Method of erecting a“ Drilling reinforced concrete column ”/patent of the Russian Federation No. 2674480, (MPK E02D / 38 (2006.01)) / 7 /, adopted as the closest technical solution in the part of the“ Method ”, including drilling a well under the protection of a casing pipe, manufacture of the reinforcement cage of the column with its upper part placed in the pipe-formwork, performing inclinometry of the casing pipe after drilling the well to the design depth, welding of metal centralizers to the pipe-formwork with the reinforcement cage of the column, installation of the reinforcement cage in the casing pipe, lowering the concrete conduit through the inner part of the column reinforcing cage and laying the concrete mixture with the setting accelerator to fix the lower part of the drilled reinforced concrete string with simultaneous extraction of the casing pipe to the height of the laid concrete mix with the setting accelerator, holding this mixture to the minimum strength, checking the fixation of the column reinforcement cage and continuing concreting with the setting retardant concrete mixture to design levels with simultaneous extraction of the casing pipe from the well and filling the annular space with cement-sand mortar.

The disadvantage of the known /7/ method of string erection is that the verticality control during the string erection is carried out according to indirect verticality data, namely, according to casing pipe inclinometry, which does not allow achieving the vertical position of the drill string, since the reinforcing cage of the column with welded to it pipe by centralizers occupies a position inside the casing pipe close to coaxial with it and has the same initial deviations from the vertical as the casing pipe itself. At the same time, there are no control and/or adjustment operations before embedding, which guarantee the verticality of the basic vertical element - the reinforcing cage of the supporting upper part of the column and finally - the erected column.

The claimed method differs from the known /7/ by the possibility of time-independent execution of the upper support part and the lower foundation parts, while the well formation operation is carried out taking into account the possible deviation during drilling of the well axis, both in plan and from the vertical, with integrated protection during drilling under the clay solution and the casing pipe, the combined reinforcement cage of the column is hung out at the level of the foreshaft with a technological gap relative to the bottom of the well or the reinforcing cage of the upper supporting part is hung out at the level of the foreshaft above the connection zone (7) (conjugation) of the reinforcing cages of the upper support and lower foundation parts, with the help of temporary removable devices, the reinforcing cage of the column is sequentially fixed at the level of the foreshaft and at the level of the bottom of the casing, also at the level of the lower foundation part of the column in the embedment zone by monolithic from bottom to top of the lower foundation part of the column in the volume of the well, then the upper supporting part of the column is concreted in the volume of the casing pipe in the inner part of the non-removable pipe-formwork of the reinforcing cage with parallel backfilling of the gap between the casing pipe and the non-removable pipe-formwork with granular material, at any convenient time after the concrete has set the column of the required strength, the casing pipe is removed.

3. The essence of the invention

3.1. The result of solving a technical problem

EFFECT: increased guaranteed vertical accuracy when installing supporting foundation and structural elements of a building or structure and the possibility of erecting a building, structure simultaneously up and down below the zero mark.

3.2. List of figures of drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows an example of the design and method of constructing a monolithic reinforced concrete drill string erected in a well under the protection of casing and drilling fluid with a rigid connection of the spatial reinforcing cages of the upper support and lower foundation (pile) parts; in fig. 2 is a section "1-1" in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 in the level of centering of the reinforcing cage of the upper supporting part of the column using removable hydraulic jacks; in fig. 3 - an example of the design and method of constructing a monolithic reinforced concrete drill string erected in a well under the protection of the casing and drilling fluid without connecting (overlapping) the spatial reinforcing cages of the upper support and lower foundation (pile) parts, where

1 - casing metal pipe, 2 - drilling mud, 3 - borehole, 4 - spatial reinforcing cage of the lower foundation (pile) part, 5 - external reinforcing metal pipe of the spatial reinforcing cage of the upper supporting part, 6 - spatial reinforcing cage of the upper supporting part , 7 - connection zone of spatial reinforcement cages (6, 4) of the upper support (9) and lower foundation (pile, 8) parts, 8 - lower foundation (pile) part of the monolithic reinforced concrete drill string, 9 - upper support part of the monolithic reinforced concrete drill string , 10 - sealing of the upper support part (9) of the monolithic reinforced concrete drill string in the lower foundation (pile) part (8), 11 - technological clearance between the lower foundation (pile) part (8) of the monolithic reinforced concrete drill string and the bottom of the casing metal pipe (1 ), 12 - centering jig at the level of the foreshaft, 13 - node for signage of the spatial reinforcement cage of the upper support part (6) with an external reinforcing pipe (5) above the foreshaft, 14 - technological gap between the spatial reinforcement cage (6) of the upper support suspended at the level of the foreshaft parts (9) with an external reinforcing pipe (5) and a spatial reinforcing cage (4) of the lower foundation (pile) part (8) and the bottom of the borehole (3), 15 - extractable centering hydraulic jack, 16 - laid concrete mixture in the lower foundation (pile) part (8), 16a - laid concrete mixture in the upper bearing part (9), 17 - granular (gravel or crushed stone) backfilling of the gap between the casing metal pipe (1) and the outer reinforcing pipe (5) of the upper bearing part (9 ) in parallel with the extraction of hydraulic jacks (15), 18 - grouting of the semi-rock base of the drill string through embedded pipelines as part of spatial reinforcing cages (6, 4) of the upper support part (9) and the lower foundation part (8), 19 - broadened heel of the lower foundation parts (8) of a monolithic reinforced concrete drill string during construction in dispersed soils, 19a - pressure cementing of the drill string base through embedded pipelines as part of spatial reinforcement cages (6, 4) of the upper support part (9) and the lower foundation part (8).

3.3. Features

The reinforced concrete column, in contrast to the well-known, performed in a borehole, consists of an upper support and a lower foundation parts, and the reinforcing cages of these parts can be connected to each other rigidly or overlapped with the upper support part embedded in the lower foundation part of the column. The reinforcing cage of the upper supporting part of the column is enclosed in a non-removable metal pipe - formwork, which is the outer reinforcing element of the reinforcing cage at the same time.

In the method of erecting a drilled reinforced concrete string, in contrast to the known one, drilling of a well is carried out under the complex protection of a metal casing and drilling mud. Moreover, the deepening of the casing pipe is carried out to a level somewhat higher than the top of the future foundation slab of the underground structure. Such limited deepening of the casing pipe allows it to be removed not during the construction of the drilled reinforced concrete string, as in the known method, but at any convenient time after the completion of the construction of the column and its strength, which excludes the displacement of the finished string from the vertical when removing the casing pipe.

In the method for erecting a drilled reinforced concrete column, in contrast to the known one, the spatial reinforcing cages of the upper support and lower foundation parts are installed in the well in different ways. In the case of connection with each other, rigidly reinforcing cages of the upper support and lower foundation parts are installed in the well with a technological gap from the bottom of the well. The technological gap is achieved by hanging the combined reinforcement cage with the help of a centering jig at the level of the foreshaft. In the case of overlapping with each other, the reinforcing cages of the upper support and lower foundation parts are installed separately in the well. At the same time, the spatial reinforcing cage of the lower foundation part is installed in the well without a technological gap and lowered to the bottom of the well, and the reinforcing cage of the upper supporting part of the column is hung out using a centering conductor at the level of the foreshaft.

In the method of erecting a drilled reinforced concrete string, in contrast to the known one, inclinometry is not performed for the casing. Since verticality is required to be ensured for the upper support part of the drill string itself, which is subsequently located inside the underground structure, inclinometry is performed specifically for it. According to the results of inclinometry of the upper supporting part of the drill string using a centering conductor at the level of the foreshaft and removable hydraulic jacks placed on the outer reinforcing pipe of the reinforcing cage of the upper supporting part of the string closer to the bottom of the casing, the string is centered and then secured against displacement in three levels. The first level of fixing is fixing at the level of the foreshaft with the help of a centering conductor, the second level is fixing the reinforcing cage of the upper supporting part of the column with an external reinforcing pipe with their expansion into a casing metal pipe with hydraulic removable jacks, the third level is the monolithic reinforcing cage of the lower foundation part of the column.

In the method of erecting a drilled reinforced concrete column, in contrast to the known method, concreting by the method of a concrete-cast pipe vertically moving inside a spatial reinforcement cage is performed continuously. In this case, a concrete mixture is used that is homogeneous in composition and properties.

The column is arranged as follows

The reinforced concrete column (Fig. 1) is made with the possibility of its erection in a borehole, at the base of which lie semi-rock or rocks, including fractured and cavernous, cementation of which is carried out through embedded pipelines as part of the spatial reinforcing cages of the upper support part (9) and lower foundation part (8) of the column.

The reinforced concrete column (Fig. 3) is made with the possibility of its erection in a borehole, at the base of which dispersed soils (semi-solid and/or hard clayey or dense sands and/or gravel and pebble soils) lie, the widened heel of which is performed mechanically or by camouflage methods with subsequent pressure cementation through embedded pipelines as part of the spatial reinforcement cages of the upper support part (9) and the lower foundation part (8) of the column.

The column is divided into the upper part (9) (bearing part for floors) and the lower part (8) (foundation support part) with the connection zone (7) of spatial reinforcing cages (6) of the upper supporting part and (4) of the lower foundation and embedment (10 ) the upper support part (9) in the lower foundation part (8).

Spatial reinforcing cages (6) of the upper support and (4) of the lower foundation parts can be connected to each other rigidly (Fig. 1) or overlap (Fig. 3) with embedding (10) of the upper support part (9) in the lower foundation part ( 8) columns. Reinforcing cage (6) of the upper supporting part of the column is enclosed in a non-removable metal pipe - formwork (5), which is the outer reinforcing element of the reinforcement cage at the same time.

Method for erecting a drill string.

The method of erecting the drill string combines the operations of manufacturing and installing in the well (3) in the design position of the spatial reinforcement cage (6) of the upper support part (9) of the column, connected rigidly or overlapped with the spatial reinforcement cage (4) of the lower foundation part (8). The method allows centering the spatial reinforcement cage (6) of the upper support part (9) of the column enclosed in a metal pipe-formwork (5) with compensation for the eccentricity of the projection of the geometric axis and the projection of the axis of the center of mass due to centering in two levels.

The method involves drilling a well (3) under the protection of a metal casing pipe (1) and drilling mud (2), wherein the metal casing pipe (1) is immersed in such a way that between the bottom of the submerged casing pipe (1) and the top of the lower foundation part ( 8) the technological gap (11) remained in the column, excluding the concreting of the casing (1) in the process of monolithic spatial reinforcement cages (4) and (6 - inside the non-removable pipe-formwork (5)) of the column.

The immersion of the spatial reinforcement cage (4) of the lower foundation part (8) and the spatial reinforcement cage (6) of the upper support part (9) of the column into the borehole (3) is carried out sequentially by a truck crane with the characteristics necessary for these purposes. Depending on the type of connection of the mentioned frames at the installation, the immersion into the borehole (3) of the spatial reinforcement cage (4) of the lower foundation part (8) with the spatial reinforcement cage (6) of the upper support part (9) of the column can be separate (Fig. 3) or whole (figure 1). In the first case, the connection of frames is purely overlapping, when the spatial reinforcement cage (6) of the upper support part (9) of the column is freely immersed inside the spatial reinforcement cage (4) of the lower foundation part (8) of the column with gaps relative to each other with the formation of a connection zone ( 7) and sealing (10) after their monolithic. In the second case, the connection of these frames is rigid and is carried out on installation at the level of the foreshaft, for example, using welded joints. Accordingly, in the first case, the spatial reinforcement cage (4) of the lower foundation part (8) of the column is immersed to the bottom of the borehole (3), and the spatial reinforcement cage (6) of the upper support (9) part of the column is hung on the centering conductor (12) at the level of the foreshaft with the help of the node (13) of the signboard of the spatial reinforcing cage of the upper support part (6) with the external reinforcing pipe (5). In the second case, the reinforcing cages (4 and 6) of the lower foundation (8) and upper support (9) parts combined during installation at the level of the foreshaft into a solid frame are hung on the centering jig (12) at the level of the foreshaft with the formation of a technological gap (14) between the bottom frame (4) and the bottom of the borehole (3).

Then, above the head of the spatial reinforcement cage (6) of the upper supporting part of the column (9), an inventory centering jig (12) is installed, equipped with a system of horizontal and vertical mechanical or hydraulic jacks. The support frame of the centering jig is temporarily rigidly fixed to the foreshaft.

Centering (the direction of movement is shown by arrows in Fig. 1÷3) of the combined spatial reinforcement cages (4 and 6 in Fig. 1) or only the spatial reinforcement cage (6 in Fig. 3) of the upper support part (9) of the column is preceded by alignment and adjustment, if necessary, the position of the centering jig (12) itself in the plan and vertically using a system of vertical and horizontal jacks.

Centering of the first level of spatial reinforcing cages (6, 4 for Fig. 1 or only 6 for Fig. 3) in the borehole (3) is performed by a system of horizontal mechanical or hydraulic jacks of the centering conductor (12), mounted and calibrated at the level of the foreshaft.

The centering of the second level of spatial reinforcement cages (6, 4 for Fig. 1 or only 6 for Fig. 3) in the borehole (3) is performed by a system of removable hydraulic jacks (15), temporarily fixed on a non-removable pipe - formwork (5) of the spatial reinforcement cage (6) the upper support part (9) of the column.

Centering is preceded by checking the position of spatial reinforcement cages (6, 4 for Fig. 1 or only 6 for Fig. 3) in the borehole (3) using an inclinometer installed in the embedded process pipeline inside the column.

The final centering operation is to check the position of the spatial reinforcement cages (6, 4 for Fig. 1 or only 6 for Fig. 3) in the borehole (3) after centering with an inclinometer.

Upon reaching the required vertical tolerances of the drill string, the spatial reinforcing cages (6, 4 for Fig. 1 or only 6 for Fig. 3) in the borehole (3) are rigidly fixed from displacement at the first level - foreshafts.

Additionally, spatial reinforcing cages (6, 4 for Fig. 1 or only 6 for Fig. 3) are fixed from displacement at the second level using extractable hydraulic jacks (15), bursting from the outer reinforcing pipe (5) of the spatial reinforcing cage (6) of the upper the supporting part (9) of the string into the casing metal pipe (1).

The monolithing of the column is carried out continuously by the method of a concrete-cast pipe vertically moving inside the spatial reinforcing cages (6 and 4). First, the concrete mixture (16) is placed in the lower foundation part (8) of the drill string, and then the concrete mixture (16a) in the upper support part (9). In parallel with the laying of the concrete mixture (16a), in the upper supporting part (9), grouting (backfilling) is carried out with granular material (17 - crushed stone or gravel of a fraction of 40-70 mm) of the gap between the non-removable pipe-formwork (5), the walls of the well (3) in the level of the technological clearance (11) and the casing metal pipe (1).

Previously, after rigidly fixing the spatial reinforcement cage (6), enclosed in a non-removable formwork pipe (5) of the upper supporting part (9) of the column, the inventory centering jig (12) is removed at the foreshaft and removable hydraulic jacks (15) are removed.

The technological pipeline, previously used for inclinometry of spatial reinforcing cages (6, 4 for Fig. 1 or only 6 for Fig. 3), is used for grouting (18 in Fig. 1) or crimping (19a in Fig. 3) of the base of the drill string.

The combination in a single structure of the functions of the foundation element and the vertical bearing element of a building or structure and the method of erecting the column increase the accuracy of installation, as well as provide versatility and allow simultaneously (in parallel) and / or sequentially (in any sequence) to perform work above and below zero ground level.

The method of erection ensures the accuracy of the execution of the drilled reinforced concrete column with a deviation of its axis from the vertical of not more than 1:500 and ±5 mm - in plan with the least labor costs and the number of production operations.

Claims (8)

1. A drilled reinforced concrete column, including a reinforcement cage structure (4, 6) embedded in a concrete mix, consisting of an upper support (9) and a lower foundation (8) parts, characterized in that the reinforcement cage (6) in the connection area of the upper support part ( 9) the columns are rigidly or overlapped with the reinforcing cage (4) of the lower foundation part, the reinforcing cage of the upper supporting part is enclosed in a non-removable metal formwork pipe (5), which is at the same time the external reinforcing element of the reinforcing cage (6), the reinforced concrete column contains a monolithic power connection in the connection zone (7) of the reinforcing cage (4) of the lower foundation part (8) of the column with the upper supporting part (9), monolithic in the embedment (10), contains a three-level vertical reinforcement against displacement of the reinforcement cage of the column during its erection, with In this case, the first level of fixation is the fixation in the foreshaft level with the help of a centering conductor, the second level is the fixation of the reinforcing cage of the upper supporting part of the column with an external reinforcing pipe with their expansion into a casing metal pipe with hydraulic removable jacks, the third level is the monolithic reinforcing cage of the lower foundation part of the column. 2. Reinforced concrete column according to claim 1, characterized in that the column is made in the form of a single reinforcing cage, hung with a technological gap (14) relative to the bottom of the well (3), with the allocation of a functional "rigid" connection of reinforcing cage rods (6, 4) - upper support (9) and lower foundation (8) parts and embedment (10) in the connection zone (7) when the column is monolithic with its support on a cemented fractured and cavernous semi-rock or rock base. 3. Reinforced concrete column according to claim 1, characterized in that the column is made with a broadened heel of two separate reinforcing cages - a suspended frame (6) of the upper supporting part (9) and a reinforcing cage (4) lowered to the bottom of the well (3) of the lower foundation (8) parts with “overlapping” joining of frameworks with gaps relative to each other and forming a joining zone (7) and embedding (10) when the column is monolithic with its resting on a base of dispersed soils, strengthened by pressing cementation. 4. A method for erecting a drilled reinforced concrete string, including operations of drilling a well under protection from collapse to the design depth, inclinometry, manufacturing the reinforcement cage of the column, placing the reinforcement cage of the column in the casing, lowering the concrete conduit through the inner part of the reinforcement cage of the column and laying under protection from the collapse of the concrete mixture (16) of the lower foundation part (8) to a height sufficient to fix the lower part of the drilled reinforced concrete column, lifting the concrete pipeline to a height not exceeding the height of the concrete mix for fixing, holding the laid concrete mix until the concrete mix reaches the minimum strength, checking the fixation of the reinforcing cage columns and continuation of concreting to design levels with simultaneous extraction of the casing pipe from the well and filling the annular space with cement-sand mortar, characterized in that the drilling of the well and the erection of the column are carried out under the complex protection of a metal casing pipe (1) and drilling mud (2), the reinforcing cage (6) is hung out at the level of the foreshaft, inclinometry is performed to assess the verticality of the reinforcing cage (6) of the upper supporting part (9) of the column using an inclinometer installed in the technological pipeline of the column, the reinforcing cage (6) of the upper supporting part (9) is centered column using a centering jig (12) at the level of the foreshaft and removable hydraulic jacks (15) placed on the outer reinforcing pipe (5) of the reinforcing cage (6) of the upper support part (9) of the column closer to the bottom of the casing pipe (1), followed by fixing the reinforcing cage (6) from displacement in three levels, continuous concreting is performed by the method of a concrete-cast pipe vertically moving inside the spatial reinforcement cages (4, 6) using a concrete mixture that is homogeneous in composition and properties, with parallel backfilling of the gap between the casing pipe (1 ) and the outer reinforcing pipe (5) of the reinforcing cage (6) of the upper support part (9) of the column with granular material (17). 5. The method of erecting a drilled reinforced concrete column according to claim 4, characterized in that the drilling of the well is carried out with a diameter D _c >D _k by the value α=(2ε _g +2Δ+2τ) taking into account the possible deviation of the axis of the well both in plan and from vertical, where D _to - the maximum equivalent diameter of the reinforcement cage of the column, ε _g - the eccentricity of the projection of the geometric axis and the projection of the axis of the center of mass of the column in the plane of the suspension (top) of the column, Δ - deviation of the axis of the borehole from the vertical, τ - deviation of the axis of the borehole in plan. 6. The method of erecting a drilled reinforced concrete column according to claim 4, characterized in that, after embedding the reinforcing cages of the column through the technological pipeline placed inside the column, cementation (18) of fractured and cavernous rocks of a semi-rocky or rocky base or pressure cementation (19a) of the base in dispersed soils. 7. The method of erecting a drilled reinforced concrete column according to claim 4, characterized in that a reinforcing cage of the upper supporting part of the column is hung out at the level of the foreshaft. 8. The method of erecting a drilled reinforced concrete column according to claim 4, characterized in that a reinforcing frame of the column is hung out at the level of the foreshaft, including the frame of the upper supporting and lower foundation parts of the column.

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