RU2797504C1 - Method of preparation for processing crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to processing of crops. In the method, first, a mobile device for preparation for processing crops is moved to the field, the device has a pump, tubes for moving liquids, a system for metered liquid supply, a container for intermediate storage of the finished solution, and also at least 2 more containers. One container is filled with water, and the other is filled with a concentrated agent for treating or feeding plants. Then it is determined which agent or combination of agents is necessary to treat a particular field and what concentration of the above-mentioned agent or combination of agents is required for treating or feeding plants, after which water is mixed with at least one concentrated agent in the required proportion and the resulting solution is poured to the destination. If a combination of agents is used, then the sequence of their mixing with water is additionally determined and this sequence is followed when mixing.

EFFECT: method shortens the time required to prepare for processing crops, reduces the amount of equipment required to prepare for processing crops, as well as the labour costs.

7 cl, 6 dwg, 1 ex

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the processing of crops. More specifically, the invention relates to methods and apparatus for preparing crops for processing.

Prior Art

At present, a method is known for preparing for the treatment of crops, in which concentrated liquids, for example, such as pesticides, are diluted with water at the required concentration in stationary solution units, and then the manufactured spray liquid is transferred to the field, pouring it into a sprayer with with a mobile pump.

This method is not effective due to the fact that the machine carrying the spray liquid has a limited capacity, and therefore, the spray liquid may not be enough or its amount, when the tank is fully loaded, will be excessive for the treated field, which will create the need for or incomplete delivery, or to be returned back. All this will lead to the loss of both time and an additional resource of equipment and people.

Also an important problem when using the known methods is the transport of a large volume of water in the composition of the treatment. Since the treatment aids are transported ready-made, a lot of water actually has to be transported from a remote location to the field, although in most cases it is possible to use water close to the field being cultivated.

The task set by the developer of the method and device for preparing for the processing of crops is to develop a method and device that would save the time required to prepare for the processing of crops, reduce the amount of equipment required to prepare for the processing of crops, reduce labor costs .

The technical result of the proposed method and device for preparing crops for processing is the creation of a polysystem for mixing liquids for processing or feeding plants, saving time required for preparing for processing crops, reducing the amount of equipment required for preparing for processing crops, as well as reducing labor costs.

Disclosure of invention

The essence of the method of preparing for the processing of crops is that:

first, a mobile crop preparation device is moved to the field, having a pump, tubes for moving liquids, a metered liquid supply system and at least 2 containers, while one container is filled with water and the other is filled with a concentrated agent for treating or feeding plants, then determine the required concentration of the aforementioned agent for processing or feeding plants for a particular field, after which water is mixed with the aforementioned concentrated agent in the required proportion and the resulting solution is poured to the destination.

They can also use an additional container for intermediate storage of water mixed with a concentrated agent and further supply of the finished solution to its destination.

If a crop preparation device is used, having 3 or more containers, at least 2 of which are filled with various concentrated agents for treating or feeding plants, then in addition to the concentration, it is determined by which agent or combination of agents it is necessary to treat the field, after which water is mixed, with at least one concentrated agent, and if a combination of agents is used, then the sequence of their mixing with water is additionally determined and this sequence is observed when mixing.

The water and/or concentrated agent may be heated or cooled. Also, before mixing with a concentrated agent, water can additionally be filtered, softened, changed its electrical conductivity and activated.

The mobile crop preparation device can be equipped with a location detection device and an automatic mixing control system, wherein, for a selected location corresponding to predetermined geographic coordinates, it is determined in advance with which agent and with what concentration the plants grown within the above coordinates are to be treated, and after the mobile crop preparation device moves to a specific location, water is mixed with at least one concentrated agent with automatic adjustment of proportions and control of creating a mixture of a given consistency in a pre-planned amount by the user.

If the water container runs out of water, the pumping and filtering systems of the mobile crop preparation device can use the nearest available water sources to fill the aforementioned container with water.

The mobile crop preparation device can be used as a transit area for pumping the finished mixed liquid.

The essence of the mobile device preparation for the processing of crops is as follows. The device consists of:

at least 2 containers, pipes for moving liquids connected to the above-mentioned containers, a pump connected to the pipes, a metered liquid supply system, a chassis located in the lower part of the device, a supporting frame, wheels installed under the chassis, a control and management system.

The mobile crop preparation device may further comprise a device for heating and/or cooling, a device for changing the electrical conductivity of water, a device for changing water hardness, a device for filtering water, liquid level sensors in containers, an activator mixer or a mixer.

Brief description of the drawings

The claimed invention is illustrated graphically, where:

In FIG. 1 shows - A device for preparing for the processing of crops, consisting of:

1 - Pump.

2 - Tubes for moving liquid.

3 - The system of dosed liquid supply.

4 - Water tank.

5 - Container for concentrated means of processing or feeding plants.

6 - Hopper-loader with built-in elements designed for installation, fastening and transportation of a frame-cassette with water tanks.

7 - Frame-cassette for water tanks.

8 - Wheels. 9 - A device for heating and or cooling liquids.

10 - Device for changing the electrical conductivity of water.

In FIG. 2 shows - A device for preparing for the processing of crops, which is a bunker-loader, on which a body change was made using the fasteners provided for such a replacement, consisting of:

1 - Pump.

2 - Tubes for moving liquid.

3 - The system of dosed liquid supply.

4 - Water tank.

5 - Container for concentrated means of processing or feeding plants.

7 - Frame-cassette for water tanks.

8 - Wheels.

9 - Device for heating and or cooling liquids.

10 - Device for changing the electrical conductivity of water.

11 - Attachments for swap body

12 - Chassis of a hopper-loader with built-in elements designed for installation, fastening and transportation of a frame-cassette with water tanks. (numbering has not yet been corrected on the drawing)

In FIG. 3 depicted - View along the section A-A of figures 1 and 2.

In FIG. 4 shows - External element B of fig. 3 where noted:

13 - Mixer or mixer-activator.

In FIG. 5 is depicted - View along the section B-B of figures 1 and 2 where marked:

14 - Monitoring and control system.

15 - Device for changing the hardness of water.

16 - Water filter.

In FIG. 6 shows - Layout of the main elements for supplying and mixing liquids, consisting of:

1 - Pump.

4 - Water tank.

5 - Container for concentrated means of processing or feeding plants.

17 - Pumping and dosing device.

18 - Tube for pumping liquid to the destination.

19 - Container for mixing and / or intermediate storage of the ready-to-use solution.

20 - Valves.

21 - Filter.

22 - Dosers.

23 - Pipe for pumping liquids in the direction from the pump to the tanks.

24 - Pipe for pumping liquids from containers in the direction of the pump.

25 - Pipe for pumping liquids from available sources.

26 - Additional container for concentrated treatment or plant nutrition.

An example of a specific application of the invention

The claimed mobile device for preparation for processing crops consists of:

at least two containers, pipes for moving liquids connected to the above-mentioned containers, a pump (hereinafter referred to as pump 1) connected to the pipes, a metered liquid supply system for supplying a concentrated agent for treating or feeding plants to the place where the aforementioned agent will be mixed with water , chassis located at the bottom of the device, supporting frame, wheels installed under the chassis, control and management systems.

Such a device, for example, can be a self-propelled machine - if it has its own engine, or a trailer that can be transported using other vehicles or tractors. The device can have many containers, but the minimum number of such containers is two, one of which involves filling with water, and the other with a concentrated agent. If there are, for example, 3 or more containers, then additional containers (except for the 2 mentioned above) can also be designed to be filled with water or concentrated products.

The liquid metering system can be, for example, a plurality of valves blocking the movement of liquid through the tubes and metering pumps, with a separate metering pump provided for each container with the agent. Hose pumps or gear pumps may be used instead of metering pumps, and valves may not be used.

For example, a liquid metering system may be, as shown in Figure 3, a plurality of valves 20 and a pump-dispensing device 17, with each container with means 5 and 16 having at least one pump-dispensing device 17. Such a system can operate, for example, as follows. For example, we will describe how the dosed supply of liquids occurs using a system that has one container filled with water 4, one container filled with a concentrated agent 5 and an additional container 19, into which a mixed liquid will be supplied, while the same container is the place where the resulting solution is stored. . The pump-dispensing device 17 is located under the container with the concentrated agent 5 and ensures the dosage and supply of the concentrated agent into the tube 24, where it is picked up by the water flow and with the help of the pump 1 moves through the tube 23 into the container 19. Additionally, the container 19 can be equipped with devices for mixing liquids. In this case, the water supply can be regulated using a dispenser or a dosing pump in order to maintain the correct proportions of the mixed components. Further, the resulting solution using the pump 1 can be pumped from the tank 19 through the tubes 24 and 18 to the destination. For example, if a concentrated spray poison was mixed with water as a concentrated agent, then the destination where the resulting solution is pumped may be a sprayer.

If it is necessary to create a combination consisting of various agents, then after supplying a concentrated agent from tank 5, an agent can be supplied from tank 16. And if the alternate supply is unacceptable and only phased mixing is possible, then a mixture of water and concentrated agent is first created according to the scheme described above, with the resulting solution moving into container 19, then, after closing the water supply from container 4, according to the same principle as described above, a partially finished mixture is fed into tube 24 with the required dosage from container 19, where it is also supplied a concentrated agent with the required dosage from container 16 using a pump-dispensing device 17. Pump 1 moves the resulting solution into container 19, creating recirculation and mixing the liquid with the second agent during operation. Thus, it is possible to mix water with various agents in stages, without allowing direct contact of concentrated agents with each other before mixing with water.

Pump 1 in such a device performs 4 main functions:

1. Pumping water into the water tank 4 from reservoirs, wells or from automobile or tractor tanks - if the water supply to the field is organized with their help;

2. Move water from water tank using tubes;

3. Mixing water and concentrated products with the required consistency in the process of pumping water and concentrated products and creating a liquid with user-defined properties;

4. Unloading the finished solution to the destination, for example, to the sprayer.

An example of a pump-dosing device can be, for example, dosing pumps, peristaltic pumps, etc. The above-mentioned mobile crop preparation device can be, for example, a transfer hopper on which all the above-mentioned components of the mobile crop preparation device are installed. . At the same time, the bunker-loader can have several ways of installing these devices:

1. The method of element-by-element installation, where the bunker-loader has the ability to mount the necessary containers, the pump(s) of water, the metering pump(s) and the tube in the appropriate places in the structure of the bunker-loader;

2. The built-in cassette method, where a functional structure assembled into a single cassette is installed and securely fixed inside the reloading hopper on special supporting cradles;

3. Method of interchangeable body, where on the chassis of the bunker-loader, after preliminary dismantling of the body of the bunker-loader, a functional structure assembled in a single cassette is installed on special bearing cradles that ensure reliable installation and fastening.

As concentrated means for processing or feeding plants, depending on the purpose of processing, various concentrated means of protecting against diseases, insects, growth stimulants, concentrated liquid fertilizers, etc. can be used.

Additionally, the mobile crop preparation device may comprise a device for heating and/or cooling, a device for changing the electrical conductivity of water, a device for changing water hardness, a device for filtering water, an activator mixer or a mixer, and liquid level sensors in containers.

Such devices are well known in the art and need not be described in detail. For example, water heaters running on liquid or gaseous fuels can be used to heat water. If the device involves both cooling and heating of liquids, they can use, for example, a Peltier element. To change the electrical conductivity of water, you can use devices that use, for example, the methods of reverse osmosis, electrodeionization, ion exchange, etc. To reduce the hardness of water, for example, water softeners can be used, and for water purification - filters of various types designed to clean liquids. As a mixer-activator, for example, an electromagnetic mixer-activator can be used.

The inventive method of preparing for the processing of crops is as follows.

First, a mobile crop preparation device is moved to the field, having a pump, fluid transfer tubes, a fluid metering system and at least 2 containers, one container filled with water and the other filled with a concentrated agent for treating or feeding plants, then determine the means of what concentration it is necessary to treat the field, after which water is mixed with a concentrated agent in the required proportion and the finished solution is poured into the destination, for example, into a sprayer.

Also, if, for example, concentrated poisons are used as a concentrated agent, within the framework of this invention, it must be understood that concentrated poisons are both highly concentrated poisons and master preparations that are diluted with water, but still have a concentration higher than the concentration, needed for spraying.

Additionally, a mobile crop preparation device can be used, having 3 or more containers, at least 2 of which are filled with various concentrated agents. In this case, in addition to concentration, it is determined by what means or combination of means it is necessary to process the field. After that, water is mixed with at least one concentrated agent in the required proportion. This solution allows you to create different combinations of products with different concentrations. In this case, if 2 or more products are mixed with water, then the sequence of mixing the products with water is also determined and this mixing sequence is observed during mixing. An example of how water can be mixed with a concentrated agent is described above in the description of the liquid metering system.

What means or combination of means and in what concentration they are necessary for each concrete field, the agronomist defines.

After the water tank runs out of water, the mobile crop preparation device can use natural water bodies or other available water sources to fill the aforementioned tank with water. For this purpose, a water pump and a valve system are used to close or open certain channels for moving water, depending on the task being performed. For example, to supply water from a reservoir, the valve switches to the position where the supply from the water tank is closed, and the supply channel from external sources is open. As for the unloading part, the pumped water is unloaded into the tank where the unloading channel is open, controlled by a valve system, as shown in Fig.3.

The mobile crop preparation device can be additionally equipped with a location detection device and an automatic mixing control system, wherein for the selected location corresponding to predetermined geographic coordinates, it is determined in advance with what agent and with what concentration the plants grown within the above coordinates should be treated. , and after the mobile crop preparation device moves to a specific location, water is mixed with at least one concentrated agent with automatic adjustment of proportions and control of creating a mixture of a given consistency in a pre-planned amount by the user.

The water and/or concentrated agent may also be heated or cooled. Water can also be additionally filtered, softened and its electrical conductivity changed. This may be necessary in order to achieve the most efficient and economical solutions. What should be the temperature, hardness and other parameters for the preparation of each individual solution is determined by the technology for preparing a particular solution.

The mobile crop preparation device can also be used as a transfer zone for ready solution transfer. For example, a tanker can bring a ready-made solution for a sprayer, and a mobile crop preparation device pumps the ready-made solution into its tanks and, if necessary, pumps the finished liquid into the sprayer in parts, and in the meantime, the tanker can go for a new portion of the finished liquid.

Additionally, they can also determine water parameters, such as hardness, electrical conductivity and pollution in water sources located in close proximity to the fields that need to be sprayed, entering the indicators of water samples taken in these reservoirs into a computer. If it is necessary to use water from these sources, the user will be able to choose the best solution.

Industrial Applicability

By mixing concentrated agent with water in the field, and water is a resource that can be replenished from natural sources near the field, the mobile crop preparation device can provide a higher volume of agents ready for treatment or top dressing. without the need to return to the warehouse or other place of production of the liquid, which saves time required to prepare for processing or feeding plants, and also eliminates the need to transport water over long distances - as the main component of the liquid ready for pouring to the destination, because . water in most cases can be taken from locations closer to cultivated crops, such as natural reservoirs or wells. Due to the possibility of mixing concentrated products with water in various concentrations, a polysystem for mixing liquids for treating or feeding plants is achieved.

Due to the fact that the device mixing water with concentrated agents and the vehicle carrying agents ready for spraying are one device, the amount of equipment required to prepare for processing or top dressing of crops is reduced, and time is also saved, since there is no need to wait for mixing concentrated funds with water.

Also, the reduction in the amount of equipment required for preparation for processing or top dressing of crops is also achieved due to the possibility of mixing several different concentrated products with water for different fields that require different ready-made products for processing or top dressing. In this case, there is no need to use several vehicles to transport different finished products for processing or feeding crops.

Claims (6)

1. A method of preparing for the processing of crops, characterized in that, first, a mobile device for preparing for the processing of crops is moved to the field, having a pump, tubes for moving liquids, a metered liquid supply system, a container for intermediate storage of the finished solution, and also, at least at least 2 more containers, with one container filled with water and the other filled with a concentrated treatment or fertilizer, then determine which agent or combination of agents to treat a particular field and the required concentration of the above agent or combination of treatments or fertilizers, after whereby water is mixed with at least one concentrated agent in the required proportion and the resulting solution is poured to the destination, while if a combination of agents is used, then the sequence of their mixing with water is additionally determined and this sequence is observed when mixing. 2. The method of preparing for the treatment of crops according to claim 1, characterized in that the water and/or the concentrated product is heated or cooled. 3. The method of preparing for the processing of crops according to claim 2, characterized in that before mixing with a concentrated agent, the water is additionally filtered, softened, its electrical conductivity is changed and activated. 4. The crop preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that the mobile crop preparation device is equipped with a location determination device and an automatic mixing control system, wherein for the selected location corresponding to predetermined geographical coordinates, it is predetermined, with what agent and with what concentration it is necessary to treat plants grown within the above coordinates, and after the mobile crop preparation device moves to a specific location, water is mixed with at least one concentrated agent with automatic adjustment of proportions and control of creation mixtures of a given consistency in a quantity pre-planned by the user. 5. The method of preparation for the treatment of crops according to claim 4, characterized in that after the tank intended for water runs out of water, using the pumping and filtering systems of the mobile device for preparing for the treatment of crops, the nearest available water sources are used to filling the aforementioned container with water. 6. The method of preparing for the processing of crops according to claim 5, characterized in that the mobile device for preparing for the processing of crops is used as a transit zone for pumping the finished solution.

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