RU2789866C1 - Two-tier dehumidification and humidification system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in the melioration of slightly sloping lands with characteristic seasonal freezing and heavy underlying rocks capable of forming temporary aquifers in the form of perched water. The system includes drains of the upper and lower tiers, connected to closed collectors, respectively, of the upper and lower tiers of drains, the mouths of which are interconnected and communicated with an open channel. The drains of the upper tier are curvilinear with a constant radius of curvature equal to half the distance between the drains of the lower tier, equipped with source wells and conductive wells located between them, connected to a closed collector of the upper tier. The mouth of the closed collector of the lower tier at the junction with the wellhead part of the upper collector is equipped with a hydraulic valve that cuts off the lower tier from the upper one.

EFFECT: invention provides the possibility of automatic transfer of the network to drying or moistening modes of operation and allows maintaining optimal soil moisture during various periods of crop cultivation.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in the melioration of slightly sloping lands with characteristic seasonal freezing and heavy underlying rocks capable of forming temporary aquifers in the form of perched water.

A drainage system is known (Ed. certificate SU 887711, E02B 11/00, publ. 1981, Bull. No. 45), including drains, a collector, an open channel and a drainage well from which a pipe with a valve exits, characterized in that in order to accelerate water drainage in the spring period by protecting the wellhead pipe from the formation of ice plugs in it, a filter column is made in the slope of the open channel, in which the wellhead pipe and the drainage well are located, in the bottom and walls of which holes are made.

The disadvantage of the drainage system is that the discharged water, bypassing the wellhead to avoid the formation of ice plugs in it, overcomes additional resistance in the backfill of the filter column. An increase in hydraulic resistance increases the water level in the drainage well. As a result, the mouth of the drainage collector is flooded, and the performance of the drainage deteriorates.

Known drainage and humidification system (Ed. mon. SU 1198151, E02B 11/00, publ. 1985, Bull. No. 46), including drains, drainage and humidification collector, water supply and spillway channels and wells equipped with hydraulic machines, characterized in that that, in order to save irrigation water and increase the reliability of the system, the mouth of the drainage collector is equipped with a hydraulic valve, fed by a pipe from the water supply channel, laid with a reverse slope.

The disadvantages of this dehumidifying system is the need to maintain an elevated level in the channel for supplying water to the hydraulic valve against the slope of the supply pipe. For the system to work, it is required to lay an additional irrigation collector and connect it to drains. In addition, to ensure the operation of the hydraulic valve, forced emptying of the command section of the supply pipe is required using manual labor.

A two-tier drainage system is known (Ed. mon. SU 1629391, E02B 11/00, publ. 1991, Bull. No. 7), adopted as a prototype, including drains of the upper and lower tiers connected to an open collector through a well-level regulator, different the fact that in order to increase the efficiency of work and expand operational capabilities, the system is equipped with closed collectors, respectively, of the upper and lower tiers of drains, looped through each other by means of wells-regulators.

The disadvantage of the known two-tier drainage system is that in the drainage mode, when the valve - groundwater regulator in the well-regulator is closed, the mouths of the drainage collectors of the upper and lower tiers in the well-regulator operate in a flooded mode, which worsens the performance of the drainage system. In addition, the well - groundwater level regulator is subject to increased silting, which reduces the reliability of its operation.

These shortcomings can be eliminated by a two-tier drainage and humidification system, which includes drains of the upper and lower tiers, connected to closed collectors, respectively, of the upper and lower tiers of drains, the mouths of which are interconnected and communicated with an open channel, in which the drains of the upper tier are curvilinear with a constant radius of curvature , equal to half the distance between the drains of the lower tier, are equipped with source wells and conductive wells located between them, connected to the closed collector of the upper tier, and the mouth of the closed collector of the lower tier at the junction with the wellhead part of the upper collector is equipped with a hydraulic valve.

The essence of the proposed invention lies in the fact that the proposed two-tier drainage-humidification system consists of two tiers of drains: the upper one, which provides drainage of the thawed upper soil layer in early spring and subsoil moistening of the root-inhabited soil layer during the dry season, and the lower one, which provides the design norm of drainage after complete seasonal thawing of soils in the near-drainage zone.

The implementation of the drains of the upper tier curvilinear in length, with the recommended radius of curvature, allows you to increase the specific length of the drainage and humidification network, which, in combination with the presence of conductive wells, allows you to more intensively drain water in the pre-sowing spring period and supply it for moistening in the dry summer period of crop vegetation .

The connection of the mouths of the closed collectors of the upper and lower tiers to each other in combination with the installation of a hydraulic valve in the collector of the lower tier allows, by increasing the water level in the channel, to automatically regulate the operating modes of the network and eliminate the need for a well - a level controller.

The alleged invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a two-tier drying and humidification system in plan; in fig. 2 shows the section A-A along the axis of the collectors of the upper and lower tiers; in fig. 3 shows a section B-B along the axis of the curvilinear drain of the dehumidifier-dryer, with source and conductive wells; in fig. 4 shows the node for connecting the mouths of the collectors of the upper and lower tiers with a hydraulic valve that ensures the operation of the system in the dehumidification mode; figure 5 shows the node And connection of the mouths of the collectors of the upper and lower tiers with a hydraulic valve that ensures the operation of the system in humidification mode.

The proposed two-tier drainage and humidification system consists of the lower and upper tiers of drains. The lower tier includes drains-driers 1, connected to a closed drainage collector 2, passing through a production well 3 along a wellhead pipe 4 with access to the main canal 5 or water intake 6. The depth of laying the drain-driers 1 in the sources is 0.7 ... 0.8 m, at the mouths - up to 2.5 m.

The upper tier includes curvilinear drains, dehumidifiers 8, connected to the source wells 9, and at the mouths - with conductive wells 10. The wells 9 are made with perforated side surfaces and bottoms, wrapped on the outside with filter material, and on top with closed covers (positions in the drawing are not shown). ). Source and conductive wells are made of plastic in the form of pipes with a diameter of 0.5 ... 0.6 m and a height of up to 0.8 m.

Drains 8 dryers-moisturizers through the source wells 9 flow into the collector 11 of the upper tier. The wellhead part 7 of the collector 11 of the upper tier is connected to the wellhead pipe 4 of the collector of the lower tier, in which a hydraulic valve 12 is installed (cutting off the lower tier from the upper one). The valve 12 in the spring provides a free exit of drainage water from collectors 2 and 11 to the water intake. In the summer, dry period, the valve 12 closes the collector 2, providing water supply through the collector 11 to the drains 8 to moisten the soil layer.

The system works as follows:

Depending on the period of growing crops, by controlling the water level in the main canal 5 or water intake 6, the system operates in drying modes at water level 13 in the channel, or at level 14 in humidification mode.

In dry mode, the system works as follows:

With the onset of heat in the spring, as the soil and subsoil thaw, excess water enters the drains 8 dehumidifiers and source wells 9 buried below the arable horizon. Then it enters the conductive wells 10, collectors 11, wellhead pipe 7 of the upper tier, wellhead pipe 4 and discharged into the main canal 5 or water intake 6. This drying mode allows you to drain the arable horizon at an earlier date and thereby ensure agricultural tillage.

After complete thawing, the drains of the lower tier are put into operation, and excess groundwater is discharged through the drainage drains 1, through the collector 2, the valve 12 and the wellhead pipe 4 into the main canal 5 or the water intake 6, providing the design rate of drainage of the soil layer.

In a dry period with a moisture deficit, moisturizing is provided by raising the water level in channel 5 to mark 14 using a water control element 15 (flap). As the water level rises in the main channel 5, it enters the wellhead pipe 4. Under the action of the generated pressure, the hydraulic valve 12 is activated and cuts off the flow of water from the channel 5 to the drainage collector 2 of the lower tier. Further, irrigation water through the mouth outlet 7 through the collector 11 enters the conductive wells 10, of which into the drains 8, which begin to work in the mode of moistening the soil layer, and the source wells 9. As a result, a humidification system is formed, providing a capillary rise of moisture into the root layer of the soil.

After completion of the humidification mode, the regulating element 15 (damper in channel 5) is removed. The water level in the channel drops to level 13, at which the hydraulic valve 12 opens and puts the system into a drying mode.

Thus, the proposed two-tier drainage and humidification system provides the ability to automatically transfer the network to drainage or humidification modes of operation and allows maintaining optimal soil moisture during various periods of crop cultivation.

Claims (1)

A two-tier drainage and humidification system, including drains of the upper and lower tiers, connected to closed collectors, respectively, of the upper and lower tiers of drains, the mouths of which are interconnected and communicated with an open channel, characterized in that the drains of the upper tier are curvilinear with a constant radius of curvature equal to half the distance between the drains of the lower tier, equipped with source wells and conductive wells located between them, connected to the closed collector of the upper tier, and the mouth of the closed collector of the lower tier at the junction with the wellhead part of the upper collector is equipped with a hydraulic valve.

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