RU2778738C1 - System for very-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency range communication with deep-submerged and remote objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: communication equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to communication equipment and can be used in systems for very-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency range communication with deep-submerged and remote objects. To realise the technical result, the transmitting system includes a system for monitoring the working frequencies and the power of generators in each of the N converters, each converter is made on a section of an underwater fibre optic cable, including optical fibres inside a metal tube, with a plastic shell, applied whereon is a single-layer lay of aluminium tubes, and high-impedance resistors are included at the input and output of each converter between the metal tube and the aluminium wires of the single-layer lay.

EFFECT: increase in the efficiency of monitoring and control of the VLF-ULF radio station.

9 cl, 19 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and radio engineering, namely to communication technology in the ELF-VLF range, and can be used for communication with deep-submerged and remote underwater objects.

Known "Method of seismic exploration" (patent No. 2029318 RU G01V 1/09, 1995) This method of seismic exploration consists in excitation of a probing signal and multichannel reception of reflected and diffracted waves from an object, processing with selection of waves in directions of arrival and displaying the results in the form parameter sizes on the platform. The disadvantage of this method is that it uses approximate data interpolation, which in some cases leads to low reliability of the sounding results.

Known device "Method of electromagnetic sounding of the earth's crust using normalized field sources" (patent No. 2093863, RU G01V 3/12, 1997). This device contains two sinusoidal current generators, which are loaded on long, low-lying, horizontally oriented and grounded at the ends of the antenna, while registration of the radiation created by the ELF radio installation is carried out using the Borok-type measuring complex of the Joint Institute for Physics of the Earth (OIPZ) RAS . However, this installation does not provide information transmission with deep and remote underwater objects, since it does not have a receiving complex in its composition, and also has an insufficient level of ELF-VLF signals at large distances from the source.

Known device "Unified generator-measuring complex ELF-ELF radiation for geophysical research". Patent No. 2188439 RU dated 27.08.02 G01V 3/12. The complex consists of a master oscillator, N sinusoidal current generators loaded on extended, low-lying horizontally oriented transmitting antennas with earth electrodes at the ends, and the registration of radiation created by VLF-ELF generators is carried out using a measuring complex, while all N generators are connected to a single master generator. The master oscillator is a single-phase bridge inverter, made on powerful semiconductor controlled thyristor valves. The disadvantages of the device "Unified generator-measuring ..." - a well-known generator-measuring complex - is the low level of radiation of ELF-ELF signals and their registration at large distances from the source, so the rated active power during tests for active load is not more than 30 kW, and also low reliability of the complex operation in conditions of induced interference (with deep suppression of harmonics of industrial frequency). In addition, due to the high requirements imposed by the electromagnetic field theory on the propagation of radio signals in the World Ocean, for communication with remote and deep objects, it is necessary to have a special antenna, a low-noise antenna amplifier and an analog-to-digital receiver, which are not in the prototype.

, где π=3,14; ƒ - частота электромагнитной волны, от 3 до 3 00 Гц; μ=4⋅π⋅10^-7, Гн/м.; σ - проводимость морской воды от 1 до 4 Сименс на метр. Используя самые низкие частоты от 3 до 300 Гц (КНЧ и СНЧ) можно получить глубину подводного радиоприема больше 100 метров. Поэтому для связи с удаленными глубокопогруженными подводными объектами (подводные лодки, подводные аппараты, батискафы, подводные дома и т.п.) предложена система связи СНЧ-КНЧ-диапазона. Электромагнитные волны этого диапазона являются пригодными для решения указанной задачи вследствие их способности проникать в толщу морской воды на значительную глубину. Кроме того, по сравнению с электромагнитными волнами других диапазонов распространение СНЧ-КНЧ-сигналов в волноводе «земля-ионосфера» отличается высокой стабильностью даже при возникновении различных возмущений в ионосфере.Known "Communication system of ultra-low-frequency and extremely low-frequency range with deep-immersed and remote objects" (patent No. 2350020 RU). Radio waves in most of the electromagnetic range do not penetrate sea water. The penetration depth h of electromagnetic energy is determined by the following formula:

, where π=3.14; ƒ - electromagnetic wave frequency, from 3 to 300 Hz; μ=4⋅π⋅10 ^-7 , H/m; σ - conductivity of sea water from 1 to 4 Siemens per meter. Using the lowest frequencies from 3 to 300 Hz (ELF and VLF), you can get an underwater radio reception depth of more than 100 meters. Therefore, for communication with remote deep submerged underwater objects (submarines, submersibles, submersibles, underwater houses, etc.), an ELF-VLF communication system has been proposed. Electromagnetic waves of this range are suitable for solving this problem due to their ability to penetrate into the sea water to a considerable depth. In addition, in comparison with electromagnetic waves of other ranges, the propagation of ELF-ELF signals in the ground-to-ionosphere waveguide is highly stable even when various disturbances occur in the ionosphere.

"Communication system of ultra-low frequency and extremely low frequency range with deep and remote objects" (patent No. 2350020 RU), shown in Fig. 1 in the form of a single radiating line, where the transmitting antenna is made in the form of a power transmission line (TL) with a voltage of 30 kV, connected to the generator U, one terminal of which is connected to the first ground electrode Z ₁ with a size of 1000 × 2000 meters, and the second terminal of the generator U is connected through the line Power transmission line 50-60 km to the second earthing Z ₂ , size 1000×2000 meters; suspension height h _L conductors of power lines from 5 to 10 meters; leakage current in the ground from grounding conductors with a conductivity of 5×10 ^-5 S/m at a frequency of 30 Hz, about h = 11 km; thus, the reverse current in the earth I ₃ covers the thickness of the earth up to 11 km.

“Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and extremely low-frequency range with deep and remote objects” (patent No. 2350020 RU), contains “n” sinusoidal current generators loaded on extended low-lying horizontally oriented transmitting antennas with ground electrodes at the ends, and the reception and registration of radiation generated by ELF - ELF generators are carried out using a towed cable antenna, an antenna amplifier and a VLF-ELF receiver located on board an underwater object, while the master generator consists of a control, protection and automation system (SURZA), a thyristor rectifier, the first protection device , an autonomous voltage inverter, a second protection device, a matching device, a power supply device and two input switches, while the input switches are made as three-position and are connected in series with three inputs to a thyristor rectifier, and current sensors (DT) and voltage sensors (PV), which are connected to the control, regulation and automation system, and the rectifier is connected through the protection device with two outputs to an autonomous inverter, which, in turn, is connected to the matching device through the protection device, while the matching device is connected to the antenna, and SURZA connected to a remote control station and a step-down rectifier, which is connected with its input to the third input of the high-voltage power supply device of the generator, and the latter, in turn, is connected by the first input to the input switch, and the second input to step-down power supplies, while a towed cable antenna, which is connected through an antenna amplifier to the ELF-VLF receiver.

The disadvantages of patent No. 2350020 RU are:

- planar rectangular earth electrodes with a size of 1000 × 2000 m (or 2000 × 4000 m) of low efficiency for excitation of the “earth-ionosphere” spherical waveguide) are built according to copyright certificates: No. 1512331 dated 06/01/1989, authors: Yakovlev A.V., Ponimatkin V.E., No. 1556345 dated 08.12.1989, authors: Yakovlev A.V., Ponimatkin V.E., Pashkov A.M.; and etc.

- high power "n" generators not less than 100 kW;

- "n" antenna devices with "2n" planar ground electrodes (each low-lying antenna has two ground electrodes at the ends of the antenna), therefore, a large area of the earth's surface is affected by antenna reverse currents and placement of electronic means on this area is impossible;

- the underground cable line of control and communication is not protected from the spreading currents of the grounding conductor of the transmission system;

- the electromagnetic field created by "n" antenna devices affects all systems at considerable distances;

, при двух заземлителях, чтобы не было поверхностных токов замыкания длина антенны должна превышать 20 км. А учитывая, что для создания заданного магнитного момента необходимо «n» антенных устройств с «2n» плоскостными заземлителями, общая площадь, пораженная мощными электромагнитными полями, недопустимо огромна даже для России.- environmental hazard of exceeding the ELF-ELF limits (maximum permissible exposure limits for personnel serving the ELF-ELF station and residents of nearby areas, as well as plants, animals and the entire habitat). For example, a voltage of 30 kV is applied to an antenna made in the form of a power transmission line (power lines), and the height of the antenna suspension due to uneven ground reaches 5 meters due to the sag. Therefore, the field strength along the antenna will be determined by Е=(30⋅kV)/(5⋅m)=6⋅kV. As can be seen along the antenna, the field strength is 6 kV, which exceeds three times the norms of the remote control. Although the PDU standards recommend staying no more than 8 hours in areas where the field strength of the electrical component reaches 2 kV. Moreover, the length of the antennas depends on the skin layer, for example, at a frequency of 3 Hz, the skin layer for σ=10 ^-4 ⋅S/m will be equal to

, with two grounding conductors, so that there are no surface fault currents, the length of the antenna should exceed 20 km. And given that to create a given magnetic moment, "n" antenna devices with "2n" planar ground electrodes are needed, the total area affected by powerful electromagnetic fields is unacceptably huge even for Russia.

Thus, the layout of an antenna system in a limited area, consisting of "n" antenna devices with "2n" planar ground electrodes with 100 kW generators connected to them, is dangerous for this region, and to solve the problem of electromagnetic compatibility with RES, power lines, cable lines and environmental security is not possible.

Analogs are patents: No. 2567181 dated July 10, 2015 RU; No. 2608072 dated 01/13/17; RU; No. 2611603 dated February 28, 2017 RU; No. 2626070 dated July 21, 2017 RU; No. 2692931 dated July 28, 2019 RU and No. 2736926 dated November 23, 2020 RU.

содержит систему управления передающей СНЧ-КНЧ антенной состоящую: из информационного блока, предварительного усилителя, системы управления, защиты и автоматизации, усилителя мощности, согласующего устройства, индикатора тока антенны, источника тока и защищенной внешней кабельной линии управления передающей СНЧ-КНЧ антенной; N преобразователей, с первого преобразователя по N, центральной ветви тока; N заземлителей антенны, с первого заземлителя по N, центральной ветви тока, N излучающих секций, с первой секции по N, подземного неэкранированного кабеля передающей антенны длиной

центральной ветви тока, при этом защищенная внешняя кабельная линия управления соединена через вход системы управления передающей СНЧ-КНЧ антенной параллельно со вторым входом информационного блока, выход информационного блока соединен через предварительный усилитель с первым входом усилителя мощности, выход системы управления, защиты и автоматизации соединен параллельно со вторым входом усилителя мощности, с первым входом информационного блока и со вторым входом согласующего устройства; второй выход усилителя мощности соединен с первым заземлителем передающей антенны через второй выход системы управления передающей СНЧ-КНЧ антенной, третий выход усилителя мощности соединен через выход индикатора тока антенны со вторым входом системы управления, защиты и автоматизации; выход усилителя мощности соединен через первый вход согласующего устройства, через первый выход согласующего устройства с выходом системы управления передающей СНЧ-КНЧ антенной, второй выход согласующего устройства соединен с первым входом системы управления, защиты и автоматизации, источник тока соединен параллельно с входами всех блоков системы управления передающей СНЧ-КНЧ антенной через их систему электроснабжения; выход системы управления передающей СНЧ-КНЧ антенной соединен через первую излучающую секцию подземного кабеля передающей антенны с входом первого преобразователя, первый выход первого преобразователя соединен через вторую излучающую секции подземного кабеля передающей антенны с входом второго преобразователя, а второй выход первого преобразователя соединен со вторым заземлителем передающей антенны; выход второго преобразователя соединен через третью излучающую секцию подземного кабеля передающей антенны с входом третьего преобразователя, а второй выход второго преобразователя соединен с третьим заземлителем передающей антенны; выход третьего преобразователя соединен через четвертую излучающую секцию подземного кабеля передающей антенны с входом четвертого преобразователя, а второй выход третьего преобразователя соединен с четвертым заземлителем передающей антенны; выход четвертого преобразователя соединен через пятую излучающую секцию подземного кабеля передающей антенны с входом пятого преобразователя, а второй выход четвертого преобразователя соединен с пятым заземлителем передающей антенны; выход пятого преобразователя соединен через шестую излучающую секцию подземного кабеля антенной системы с входом шестого преобразователя, а второй выход пятого преобразователя соединен с шестым заземлителем передающей антенны; таким образом обеспечивается соединение последующих преобразователей с последующими излучающими секциями подземного кабеля передающей антенны; выход N-1 преобразователя соединен через N излучающую секцию подземного кабеля передающей антенны с входом N преобразователя, а второй выход N-1 преобразователя соединен с N-1 заземлителем передающей антенны; первый выход N преобразователя соединен с входом коммутатора ветвей и с входами дополнительных ветвей тока и заземлителем коммутатора ветвей З_К; первая, дополнительная ветвь тока передающей антенны СНЧ-КНЧ длиной

содержит N преобразователей, с первого 2₁₁ по N преобразователь 2_1N, N заземлителей, с первого 3₁₁ по N заземлитель 3_1N, N излучающих секций, с первой 4₁₁ по N излучающую секцию 4_1N подземного неэкранированного кабеля, при этом первый выход коммутатора ветвей тока соединен через первый излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₁₁ передающей антенны с входом первого преобразователя 2₁₁ первой ветви тока передающей антенны, первый выход первого преобразователя 2₁₁ через второй излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₁₂ соединен с входом второго преобразователя 2₁₂, второй выход первого преобразователя 2₁₁ соединен с первым заземлителем 3₁₁ первой ветви тока передающей антенны; первый выход второго преобразователя 2₁₂ через третий излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₁₃ соединен с входом четвертого преобразователя 2 и, второй выход второго преобразователя 2₁₂ соединен со вторым заземлителем 3₁₂ первой ветви тока передающей антенны; таким образом обеспечивается соединение последующих преобразователей с последующими излучающими отрезками кабелей первой ветви тока передающей антенны; первый выход N-1 преобразователя 2_1N-1 через N излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4_1N соединен с входом N преобразователя 2_1N, выход N преобразователя 2_1N соединен с N заземлителем 3_1N первой ветви тока передающей антенны; вторая, дополнительная ветвь тока передающей антенны СНЧ-КНЧ длиной

содержит N преобразователей, с первого 2₂₁ по N преобразователь 2_2N, N заземлителей, с первого 3₂₁ по N заземлитель 3_2N, N излучающих секций, с первой 4₂₁ по N излучающую секцию 4_2N подземного неэкранированного кабеля, при этом второй выход коммутатора ветвей тока соединен через первый излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₂₁ передающей антенны с входом первого преобразователя 2₂₁ второй ветви тока передающей антенны, первый выход первого преобразователя 2₂₁ через второй излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₂₂ соединен с входом второго преобразователя 2₂₂, второй выход первого преобразователя 2₂₁ соединен с первым заземлителем 3₂₁ второй ветви тока передающей антенны; первый выход второго преобразователя 2₂₂ через третий излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₂₃ соединен с входом четвертого преобразователя 2₂₄, второй выход второго преобразователя 2₂₂ соединен со вторым заземлителем 3₂₂ второй ветви тока передающей антенны; таким образом, обеспечивается соединение последующих преобразователей с последующими излучающими отрезками кабелей и заземлителями второй ветви тока передающей антенны; первый выход N-1 преобразователя 2_2N-1 через N излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4_2N соединен с входом N преобразователя 2_2N, выход N преобразователя 2_2N соединен с N заземлителем 3_2N второй ветви тока передающей антенны; третья дополнительная ветвь тока передающей антенны СНЧ-КНЧ длиной

содержит N преобразователей, с первого 2₃₁ по N преобразователь 2_3N, N-заземлителей, с первого 3₃₁ по N заземлитель 3_3N, N излучающих секций, с первой 4₃₁ по N излучающую секцию 4_3N подземного неэкранированного кабеля, при этом третий выход коммутатора ветвей тока соединен через первый излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₃₁ передающей антенны с входом первого преобразователя 2₃₁ третьей ветви тока передающей антенны, первый выход первого преобразователя 2₃₁ через второй излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₃₂ соединен с входом второго преобразователя 2₃₂, второй выход первого преобразователя 2₃₁ соединен с первым заземлителем 3₃₁ третьей ветви тока передающей антенны; первый выход второго преобразователя 2₃₂ через третий излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₃₃ соединен с входом четвертого преобразователя 2₃₄, второй выход второго преобразователя 2₃₂ соединен со вторым заземлителем 3₃₂ третьей ветви тока передающей антенны; таким образом, обеспечивается соединение последующих преобразователей с последующими излучающими отрезками кабелей и заземлителями третьей ветви тока передающей антенны; первый выход N-1 преобразователя 2_3N-1 через N излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4_3N соединен с входом N преобразователя 2_3N, выход N преобразователя 2_3N соединен с N заземлителем 3_3N третьей ветви тока передающей антенны; четвертая дополнительная ветвь тока передающей антенны СНЧ-КНЧ длиной

содержит N преобразователей, с первого 2₄₁ по N преобразователь 2_4N, N заземлителей, с первого 3₄₁ по N заземлитель 3_4N, N излучающих секций, с первой 4₄₁ по N излучающую секцию 4_4N подземного неэкранированного кабеля, при этом четвертый выход коммутатора ветвей тока соединен через первый излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₄₁ передающей антенны с входом первого преобразователя 2₄₁ четвертой ветви тока передающей антенны, первый выход первого преобразователя 2₄₁ через второй излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₄₂ соединен с входом второго преобразователя 2₄₂, второй выход первого преобразователя 2₄₁ соединен с первым заземлителем 3₄₁ четвертой ветви тока передающей антенны; первый выход второго преобразователя 2₄₂ через третий излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₄₃ соединен с входом четвертого преобразователя 2₄₄, второй выход второго преобразователя 2₄₂ соединен со вторым заземлителем 3₄₂ четвертой ветви тока передающей антенны; таким образом, обеспечивается соединение последующих преобразователей с последующими излучающими отрезками кабелей и заземлителями четвертой ветви тока передающей антенны; первый выход N-1 преобразователя 2_4N-1 через N излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4_4N соединен с входом N преобразователя 2_4N, выход N преобразователя 2_4N соединен с N заземлителем 3_4N четвертой ветви тока передающей антенны; пятая дополнительная ветвь тока передающей антенны СНЧ-КНЧ длиной

содержит N преобразователей, с первого 2₅₁ по N преобразователь 2_5N, N заземлителей, с первого 3₅₁ по N заземлитель 3_5N, N излучающих секций, с первой 4₅₁ по N излучающую секцию 4_5N подземного неэкранированного кабеля, при этом пятый выход коммутатора ветвей тока соединен через первый излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₅₁ передающей антенны с входом первого преобразователя 2₅₁ пятой ветви тока передающей антенны, первый выход первого преобразователя 2₅₁ через второй излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₅₂ соединен с входом второго преобразователя 2₅₂, второй выход первого преобразователя 2₅₁ соединен с первым заземлителем 3₅₁ пятой ветви тока передающей антенны; первый выход второго преобразователя 2₅₂ через третий излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₅₃ соединен с входом четвертого преобразователя 2₅₄, второй выход второго преобразователя 2₅₂ соединен со вторым заземлителем 3₅₂ пятой ветви тока передающей антенны; таким образом, обеспечивается соединение последующих преобразователей с последующими излучающими отрезками кабелей и заземлителями пятой ветви тока передающей антенны; первый выход N-1 преобразователя 2_5N-1 через N излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4_5N соединен с входом N преобразователя 2_5N, выход N преобразователя 2_5N соединен с N заземлителем 3_5N пятой дополнительной ветви тока передающей антенны; пять дополнительных ветвей тока в соединении через коммутатор ветвей с центральной ветвью являются одной линией тока передающей антенной системы, линия для тока I_A центральной ветви передающей антенны и последовательно протекающего через один из включателей в коммутаторе ветвей в одну из дополнительных пяти ветвей, при этом напряжение источника U_Ген приложенное между первый заземлитель З₁ центральной ветви и последним заземлителем любой из дополнительных пяти ветвей образуют ток в земле на глубине скин-слоя, который называется обратным током I_0Б.The prototype is the "Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and extremely-low-frequency range with deep-immersed and remote objects-mi-8" (patent No. a matching device, an antenna current indicator and a current source, moreover, the reception and registration of radiation created by VLF-ELF generators are carried out using a towed cable antenna, an antenna amplifier and a VLF-ELF receiver located on board an underwater object, as well as containing a system control of information transmission at a given depth of immersion of objects based on the creation of five dual-frequency data transmission channels by a transmitting antenna for targeted transmission of information to submerged and remote objects; at the same time, the transmitting antenna system, consisting of a central branch and spaced apart in space, additional five branches connected in series with the central branch through a switch of branches, five branches together with the central branch connected through a switch of branches form loop antennas that provide a choice of radiation direction depending on the selection of the connection option the central current branch and additionally one or more current branches through the branch switch, providing the specified parameters of the transmission channel in terms of frequency and the transmitting antenna pattern by adding one, two, three, four or five directivity patterns in the direction of the information transmission object, while the branch switch through its input it provides connection of the output of the final converter 2 _N of the central branch with one of the five outputs of the switch of branches, forming an electrical contact of the central branch of the current with any of the five additional branches of the current, each of the additional The main five branches of the current of the transmitting antenna is a continuation of the central branch of the current connected through one of the switches Vk. in the branch switch; the central current branch of the transmitting antenna with a length

contains a control system for a transmitting VLF-ELF antenna consisting of: an information unit, a preamplifier, a control, protection and automation system, a power amplifier, a matching device, an antenna current indicator, a current source and a protected external cable control line for transmitting VLF-ELF antenna; N transducers, from the first transducer to N, the central current branch; N antenna ground electrodes, from the first earth electrode to N, central current branch, N radiating sections, from the first section to N, underground unshielded cable of the transmitting antenna, length

of the central branch of the current, while the protected external cable control line is connected through the input of the control system of the transmitting VLF-ELF antenna in parallel with the second input of the information block, the output of the information block is connected through a preamplifier to the first input of the power amplifier, the output of the control, protection and automation system is connected in parallel with the second input of the power amplifier, with the first input of the information block and with the second input of the matching device; the second output of the power amplifier is connected to the first grounding of the transmitting antenna through the second output of the control system of the transmitting VLF-ELF antenna, the third output of the power amplifier is connected through the output of the antenna current indicator to the second input of the control, protection and automation system; the output of the power amplifier is connected through the first input of the matching device, through the first output of the matching device with the output of the control system of the transmitting VLF-ELF antenna, the second output of the matching device is connected to the first input of the control, protection and automation system, the current source is connected in parallel with the inputs of all blocks of the control system transmitting VLF-ELF antenna through their power supply system; the output of the control system of the transmitting VLF-ELF antenna is connected through the first radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna to the input of the first converter, the first output of the first converter is connected through the second radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna to the input of the second converter, and the second output of the first converter is connected to the second ground electrode of the transmitting antennas; the output of the second converter is connected through the third radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna to the input of the third converter, and the second output of the second converter is connected to the third ground of the transmitting antenna; the output of the third converter is connected through the fourth radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna to the input of the fourth converter, and the second output of the third converter is connected to the fourth grounding of the transmitting antenna; the output of the fourth converter is connected through the fifth radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna to the input of the fifth converter, and the second output of the fourth converter is connected to the fifth grounding of the transmitting antenna; the output of the fifth converter is connected through the sixth radiating section of the underground cable of the antenna system with the input of the sixth converter, and the second output of the fifth converter is connected to the sixth ground electrode of the transmitting antenna; in this way, the connection of subsequent converters with subsequent radiating sections of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna is ensured; the output N-1 of the converter is connected through the N radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna with the input N of the converter, and the second output of the N-1 converter is connected to the N-1 grounding of the transmitting antenna; the first output N of the converter is connected to the input of the branch switch and to the inputs of the additional branches of the current and the ground switch of the branches Z _K ; the first, additional branch of the current of the transmitting antenna VLF-ELF, length

contains N converters, from the first 2 ₁₁ to N converter 2 _1N , N ground electrodes, from the first 3 ₁₁ to N ground electrode 3 _1N , N radiating sections, from the first 4 ₁₁ to N radiating section 4 _1N of the underground unshielded cable, while the first switch output current branches is connected through the first radiating section of the underground cable 4 _{11 of} the transmitting antenna with the input of the first converter 2 _{11 of} the first branch of the current of the transmitting antenna, the first output of the first converter 2 ₁₁ through the second radiating section of the underground cable 4 ₁₂ is connected to the input of the second converter 2 ₁₂ , the second output of the first Converter 2 ₁₁ is connected to the first ground electrode 3 _{11 of} the first current branch of the transmitting antenna; the first output of the second converter 2 ₁₂ through the third radiating section of the underground cable 4 ₁₃ is connected to the input of the fourth converter 2 and the second output of the second converter 2 ₁₂ is connected to the second ground electrode 3 ₁₂ of the first current branch of the transmitting antenna; in this way, the connection of subsequent converters with subsequent radiating cable segments of the first current branch of the transmitting antenna is ensured; the first output N-1 of the converter 2 _1N-1 through the N radiating section of the underground cable 4 _1N is connected to the input N of the converter 2 _1N , the output N of the converter 2 _1N is connected to the N ground electrode 3 _1N of the first current branch of the transmitting antenna; the second, additional branch of the current of the transmitting antenna VLF-ELF, length

contains N converters, from the first 2 ₂₁ to N the converter 2 _2N , N ground electrodes, from the first 3 ₂₁ to N the ground electrode 3 _2N , N radiating sections, from the first 4 ₂₁ to N the radiating section 4 _2N of the underground unshielded cable, while the second switch output current branches is connected through the first radiating section of the underground cable 4 ₂₁ of the transmitting antenna with the input of the first converter 2 ₂₁ of the second current branch of the transmitting antenna, the first output of the first converter 2 ₂₁ through the second radiating section of the underground cable 4 ₂₂ is connected to the input of the second converter 2 ₂₂ , the second output of the first Converter 2 ₂₁ is connected to the first ground electrode 3 ₂₁ of the second current branch of the transmitting antenna; the first output of the second converter 2 ₂₂ is connected through the third radiating section of the underground cable 4 ₂₃ to the input of the fourth converter 2 ₂₄ , the second output of the second converter 2 ₂₂ is connected to the second ground electrode 3 ₂₂ of the second current branch of the transmitting antenna; thus, the connection of subsequent converters with subsequent radiating cable sections and grounding conductors of the second current branch of the transmitting antenna is provided; the first output N-1 of the converter 2 _2N-1 through the N radiating section of the underground cable 4 _2N is connected to the input N of the converter 2 _2N , the output N of the converter 2 _2N is connected to the N ground electrode 3 _2N of the second current branch of the transmitting antenna; the third additional branch of the current of the transmitting antenna VLF-ELF with a length

contains N converters, from the first 2 ₃₁ to N converter 2 _3N , N-ground electrodes, from the first 3 ₃₁ to N ground electrode 3 _3N , N radiating sections, from the first 4 ₃₁ to N radiating section 4 _3N of the underground unshielded cable, while the third output the current branch switch is connected through the first radiating section of the underground cable 4 _{31 of} the transmitting antenna to the input of the first converter 2 _{31 of} the third current branch of the transmitting antenna, the first output of the first converter 2 ₃₁ is connected through the second radiating section of the underground cable 4 ₃₂ to the input of the second converter 2 ₃₂ , the second output the first Converter 2 ₃₁ is connected to the first ground electrode 3 _{31 of} the third current branch of the transmitting antenna; the first output of the second converter 2 ₃₂ through the third radiating section of the underground cable 4 ₃₃ is connected to the input of the fourth converter 2 ₃₄ , the second output of the second converter 2 ₃₂ is connected to the second ground electrode 3 ₃₂ of the third current branch of the transmitting antenna; thus, the connection of subsequent converters with subsequent radiating cable segments and grounding conductors of the third current branch of the transmitting antenna is ensured; the first output N-1 of the converter 2 _3N-1 is connected through the N radiating section of the underground cable 4 _3N to the input N of the converter 2 _3N , the output N of the converter 2 _3N is connected to the N ground electrode 3 _3N of the third current branch of the transmitting antenna; the fourth additional branch of the current of the transmitting antenna VLF-ELF, length

contains N converters, from the first 2 ₄₁ to N converter 2 _4N , N ground electrodes, from the first 3 ₄₁ to N ground electrode 3 _4N , N radiating sections, from the first 4 ₄₁ to N radiating section 4 _4N of the underground unshielded cable, while the fourth switch output current branches is connected through the first radiating section of the underground cable 4 ₄₁ of the transmitting antenna with the input of the first converter 2 ₄₁ of the fourth current branch of the transmitting antenna, the first output of the first converter 2 ₄₁ through the second radiating section of the underground cable 4 ₄₂ is connected to the input of the second converter 2 ₄₂ , the second output of the first Converter 2 ₄₁ is connected to the first ground electrode 3 ₄₁ of the fourth current branch of the transmitting antenna; the first output of the second converter 2 ₄₂ is connected through the third radiating section of the underground cable 4 ₄₃ to the input of the fourth converter 2 ₄₄ , the second output of the second converter 2 ₄₂ is connected to the second ground electrode 3 ₄₂ of the fourth current branch of the transmitting antenna; thus, the connection of subsequent converters with subsequent radiating cable sections and grounding conductors of the fourth current branch of the transmitting antenna is ensured; the first output N-1 of the converter 2 _4N-1 is connected through the N radiating section of the underground cable 4 _4N to the input N of the converter 2 _4N , the output N of the converter 2 _4N is connected to the N ground electrode 3 _4N of the fourth current branch of the transmitting antenna; the fifth additional branch of the current of the transmitting antenna VLF-ELF, length

contains N converters, from the first 2 ₅₁ to N converter 2 _5N , N ground electrodes, from the first 3 ₅₁ to N ground electrode 3 _5N , N radiating sections, from the first 4 ₅₁ to N radiating section 4 _5N of the underground unshielded cable, while the fifth switch output current branches is connected through the first radiating section of the underground cable 4 ₅₁ of the transmitting antenna with the input of the first converter 2 ₅₁ of the fifth current branch of the transmitting antenna, the first output of the first converter 2 ₅₁ through the second radiating section of the underground cable 4 ₅₂ is connected to the input of the second converter 2 ₅₂ , the second output of the first Converter 2 ₅₁ is connected to the first ground electrode 3 ₅₁ of the fifth current branch of the transmitting antenna; the first output of the second converter 2 ₅₂ through the third radiating section of the underground cable 4 ₅₃ is connected to the input of the fourth converter 2 ₅₄ , the second output of the second converter 2 ₅₂ is connected to the second ground electrode 3 ₅₂ of the fifth current branch of the transmitting antenna; thus, the connection of subsequent converters with subsequent radiating cable sections and grounding conductors of the fifth current branch of the transmitting antenna is provided; the first output N-1 of the converter 2 _5N-1 through the N radiating section of the underground cable 4 _5N is connected to the input N of the converter 2 _5N , the output N of the converter 2 _5N is connected to the N ground electrode 3 _5N of the fifth additional current branch of the transmitting antenna; five additional current branches in connection through the branch switch to the central branch are one current path of the transmitting antenna system, the line for the current I _A of the central branch of the transmitting antenna and sequentially flowing through one of the switches in the branch switch to one of the additional five branches, while the source voltage U _Gene applied between the first ground electrode Z _{1 of} the central branch and the last ground conductor of any of the additional five branches form a current in the ground at the depth of the skin layer, which is called the reverse current I _0B .

The prototype has, in addition to the central branch, an additional five current branches simultaneously operating at ten frequencies in five channels or at two frequencies in each data transmission channel in each current branch, for example, at frequencies: 3 Hz, 10 Hz, 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 40 Hz, 70Hz, 75Hz, 90Hz, 95Hz and 100Hz. The transmission speed of one letter is from 3 to 5 minutes to a depth of 100 meters on one frequency. Transmission over the channel of the transmitting antenna to an underwater object at ten frequencies increases the speed tenfold. Moreover, the transmission of five data transmission channels is possible on the basis of a switch over various transmission branches or antenna frames, depending on the required depth and transmission speed in a given direction. Possible depths of radio reception or skin layer, i.e. depth of penetration of electromagnetic waves into the marine environment with conductivity σ = 1 See m:

Indeed, the resonant frequency ƒ ₀ of the spherical resonator Earth - ionosphere is defined as the equatorial length of 40,000 km divided by the speed of light (3⋅10 ⁸ m/s) or ƒ ₀ =(40000000⋅m)/(3⋅10 ⁸ m/s )=7⋅Hz. Resonator Earth - ionosphere resonates at a frequency of 7 Hz. Therefore, frequencies from 3 to 300 Hz can excite this resonator, provided that the excitation energy is sufficient. And the excited resonator has almost the same field strength anywhere in the world. In the prototype, excitation is carried out by "n" generators with a capacity of 100 kW each, which create a current in "n" loop antennas. The frame is formed by the antenna current, in the form of a 30 kV transmission line, and the reverse current in the ground, flowing between the ground electrodes. It is known that to excite the resonator, the magnetic moment of the antenna must be at least or M≥10 ⁸ ⋅[A⋅m ² ]. The magnetic moment of the loop antenna is determined

(π=3,14; ƒ - частота электромагнитной волны 3 - 300 Гц; μ=4⋅π⋅10^-7, Гн/м; σ - проводимость земли в районе размещения антенны выбирается от 10^-4 до 10^-5 См/м);

- длина антенны в метрах.where I _A is the current in the antenna in Amperes; h is the depth of current flow in the ground, determined by the following formula:

(π=3.14; ƒ - electromagnetic wave frequency 3 - 300 Hz; μ=4⋅π⋅10 ^-7 , H/m; σ - ground conductivity in the area of antenna placement is selected from 10 ^-4 to 10 ^-5 Sm/ m);

is the length of the antenna in meters.

. Следовательно, чтобы исключить влияние тока на окружающие антенну радиоэлектронные средства (РЭС), высоковольтные линии электропередачи и кабельные магистрали антенна должна иметь малый ток, но большую длину. Например, влияние частот 3 герц очень сильно сказывается, учитывая большую глубину проникновения через экранирующие оболочки кабелей и возбуждает кондуктивные помехи через корпуса радиоэлектронных средств.The calculation shows that if the current is taken equal to I _A \u003d 1 ampere, the depth of the reverse current flow is taken to be h \u003d 10 km, then the length of the antenna should be about

. Therefore, in order to exclude the influence of current on the radio electronic means (RES) surrounding the antenna, high-voltage power lines and cable lines, the antenna must have a small current, but a large length. For example, the influence of frequencies of 3 hertz is very strong, given the large penetration depth through the shielding of cables and excites conducted interference through the housings of electronic equipment.

км малые значения тока около I_A = 1 ампера на заземлителях З₁ и З₂ (типа представленных на Фиг. 1), расположенных на поверхности земли с электропроводностью от 10^-4 до 10^-5 См/м (или сопротивлением R>100000 Ом⋅м) и поверхности заземлителя не менее 2000 м² образуется потенциал равный около 200 Вольт. Данный низкий потенциал не позволяет возбудить в волноводе земля-ионосфера необходимый уровень вектора Е и обеспечить уровень электромагнитного поля в точке приема, это показывают потери энергии на прямоугольных заземлителях, показанных на Фиг. 2, Фиг. 3 и Фиг. 4.However, with a large antenna length of about

km low current values about I _A \u003d 1 ampere on ground electrodes Z ₁ and Z ₂ (of the type shown in Fig. 1) located on the earth's surface with electrical conductivity from 10 ^-4 to 10 ^-5 Sm / m (or resistance R> 100000 Ohm ⋅m) and the surface of the grounding conductor is at least 2000 m ² , a potential equal to about 200 volts is formed. This low potential does not allow to excite the necessary level of vector E in the earth-ionosphere waveguide and to provide the level of the electromagnetic field at the receiving point, this is shown by the energy losses on the rectangular ground electrodes shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and FIG. four.

Thus, the VLF - ELF antenna must have a long length to achieve a given magnetic moment and a low current to ensure its environmental safety during operation, as well as to ensure electromagnetic compatibility with RES, the control and communication cable line of the antenna transmission system, high-voltage power lines and engineering structures , ensuring the ability of underwater objects to operate in wide ocean spaces by controlling the ELF-VLF radiation pattern of the transmitting antenna system.

Prototype Disadvantages:

- planar rectangular earth electrodes with a size of 1000 × 2000 m (or 2000 × 4000 m) of low efficiency for excitation of the spherical waveguide "earth-ionosphere" are built according to copyright certificates: No. 1512331 SU dated 06/23/1987, authors: Yakovlev A.V. , Ponimatkin V.E.; No. 1556345 SU dated June 29, 1987, authors: Yakovlev A.V., Ponimatkin V.E., Pashkov A.M.; No. 817845 A1 SU; No. 955293 A1 SU and others; and in the literature "Grounding in high voltage installations" - M:, Energy, 1978 Author: Ryabkova E.Ya; “Global electromagnetic resonances in the earth-ionosphere cavity” - Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 1977. Authors P.V. Bliokh, A.P. Nikolaenko, Yu.F. Filippov. (Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4);

- low values of current in the transmitting antenna system of one ampere require high-efficiency grounding devices, used planar rectangular shape of low efficiency to excite the spherical waveguide "earth-ionosphere";

- high-performance ground electrodes are required for each of the N converters in the antenna transmission system, since the failure of any of the N converters includes the operation of the remaining converters when working on their own grounding;

- control of N converters, which is carried out only from the control point 1 through N converters connected in series;

- there is no way to control the operation of N converters: by frequency tuning accuracy, by the operability of nodes and the security of N converters, as N unattended amplifying points, as well as in the event of an emergency stop of one of the N converters connected in series;

- the antenna cable is not protected from lightning activity and over the entire length of 1000 km and can be destroyed in any area;

- to increase the size of the frame, the antenna cable location area is selected with soil conductivity σ = 10 ^-4 S/m (or resistance R> 100000 Ohm⋅m), therefore, during a thunderstorm, the discharge streamer always looks for a place with a low possibility for a discharge, that is, a location cable, as a section of the ground surface, which has the potential of a remote point.

The purpose of the invention is:

- creating conditions for the operation of the transmitting antenna system for radiation in the event of an emergency stop of the operation of any of the N converters;

- creation of highly efficient ground electrodes in the transmitting antenna system;

- inclusion of high-performance ground electrodes in each section of N converters of the transmitting antenna system and the possibility of removing the emergency section for repair work;

- replace the antenna cable with a protected cable based on a typical submarine fiber optic cable with sufficient armor sheath to protect against lightning strikes;

- improvement of the process of control and monitoring of the operation of N converters, as well as protection units of the coastal ELF-ELF radio station based on the introduction of a multi-channel fiber-optic infocommunication system into the antenna circuit;

- taking into account that a 1000-kilometer-long antenna fabric passes through vast territories of the country, often densely populated, it is advisable to use free fibers of a fiber-optic information and telecommunication system to provide residents of these areas;

- to improve the management of the frequency spectrum, taking into account the depth of immersion of underwater objects and the required speed of information transfer for the selected radiation pattern to underwater objects in the open spaces of oceanic zones;

- through the use of a fiber optic system, to reduce the time for the possibility of spatial diversity of information channels for data transmission to underwater objects with the allocation of transmission frequencies for oceanic zones or a continuous change of frequencies and zones to prevent countermeasures from intentional interference.

This goal is achieved by replacing low-efficiency ground electrodes for each of the N converters of the transmitting antenna system with high-efficiency ground electrodes; replacement of a single-wire cable insulated from the ground as an antenna fabric of a radio station with a fiber-optic cable, which makes it possible to control the operation of all of the N converters through broadband optical communication systems. The cable that meets the required requirements is a submarine fiber optic cable. Currently, submarine fiber optic cables have several dozen optical fibers located inside a copper tube and aluminum or steel conductors through which submarine amplifiers are powered. Special conductors are also possible. Ground-insulated conductors in the core-to-ground circuit withstand 10 kV AC at a frequency of 50 Hz. Copper tube and aluminum conductors can be used as an antenna sheet for VLF and ELF radio stations, and communication via fiber optics to control the operation of the entire transmitting antenna system.

On FIG. 1 shows an ELF and ELF transmitting antenna, made on the basis of a power line in the dimensions of a 30 kV transmission line with a length of at least 50 km, fed by a voltage generator U, at the ends of the grounding system, made for the operation of ELF and ELF radio stations according to No. 2350020 RU in the form of planar rectangular forms of grounding conductors with a size of 1000 × 2000 m (or 2000 × 4000 m) of low efficiency for excitation of a spherical waveguide "earth-ionosphere) are built according to copyright certificates:

- No. 1512331 SU dated 06/23/1987, authors: Yakovlev A.V., Ponimatkin V.E.;

- No. 1556345 SU dated 06/29/1987, authors: Yakovlev A.V., Ponimatkin V.E., Pashkov A.M.;

- and in literature:

- "Grounding in high voltage installations" - M, Energy, 1978 Author: Ryabkova E.Ya.

- "Global electromagnetic resonances in the earth-ionosphere cavity" - Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 1977. Authors P.V. Bliokh, A.P. Nikolaenko, Yu.F. Filippov.

On FIG. 2 shows a ground electrode, one of the earth electrodes of the VLF and ELF transmitting antenna for FIG. 1, containing a metal support, an antenna connected to a ground electrode buried in the ground to a depth of 0.8 to 1 m, the antenna current i _A is represented by the spreading current i _З in the ground in the form of a hemisphere at a distance of the skin layer h from the ground electrode, while around the perimeter, the current i _{W of} spreading is parallel to the earth's surface, forming energy losses of the generator, since the field excited by it is also parallel to the earth's surface in airspace and does not excite the vertical vector E in the cavity of the "earth - ionosphere" spherical resonator.

в воздушном пространстве и вектора

в земном пространстве за счет потенциала U, приложенного к заземлителю. Известно, что если существует приложенный потенциал U на заземлителе, то в окружающем пространстве, как в воздушном пространстве, так и в земном пространстве, действует вектор электрического смещения

причем divD=U или поток вектора электрического смещения D определяется потенциалом U. Чтобы увеличить поток электрического смещения D и как следствие, вертикального вектора

в воздушном пространстве и вектора

в земном пространстве, выбирается для размещения заземлителя в земной поверхности с высоким сопротивлением грунта или не менее R=10000 Ом⋅м (σ=10^-4 См/м). При этом скин-слой или глубина действия потока электрического смещения D определяется следующей формулой:

(π=3,14; ƒ - частота электромагнитной волны 3-300 Гц; μ=4⋅π⋅10^-7, Гн/м; σ - проводимость земли в районе размещения антенны выбирается от 10^-4 до 10^-5 См/м);

- длина антенны в метрах. Как видно, в земном пространстве из-за существующей реальной проводимости земли, равной σ=10^-4 См/м, глубина проникновения поля достигает не менее 10 км и как следствие возникает электрический ток i_З. А в воздушном пространстве проводимость воздуха равна нулю (σ=0) и, следовательно,

, скин-слой стремится к бесконечности, что позволяет в воздушном пространстве возбуждать волновод «земля-ионосфера». Ток i_З растекания в земном пространстве охватывает полусферу.On FIG. 3 shows the ground electrode as an excitation element of the vertical vector

in airspace and vector

in terrestrial space due to the potential U applied to the ground electrode. It is known that if there is an applied potential U on the ground electrode, then in the surrounding space, both in the air space and in the earth's space, the electric displacement vector acts

moreover, divD=U or the flux of the electrical displacement vector D is determined by the potential U. To increase the flux of the electrical displacement D and, as a consequence, the vertical vector

in airspace and vector

in the earth's space, is selected to place the ground electrode in the earth's surface with high soil resistance or not less than R=10000 Ohm⋅m (σ=10 ^-4 Sm/m). In this case, the skin layer or the depth of the action of the electric displacement flow D is determined by the following formula:

(π=3.14; ƒ - electromagnetic wave frequency 3-300 Hz; μ=4⋅π⋅10 ^-7 , H/m; σ - ground conductivity in the area of antenna placement is selected from 10 ^-4 to 10 ^-5 Sm/ m);

is the length of the antenna in meters. As you can see, in the terrestrial space, due to the existing real conductivity of the earth, equal to σ=10 ^-4 S/m, the field penetration depth reaches at least 10 km and, as a result, an electric current i _З arises. And in the air space, the conductivity of the air is zero (σ=0) and, therefore,

, the skin layer tends to infinity, which makes it possible to excite the "earth-ionosphere" waveguide in the airspace. Current i _W of spreading in the terrestrial space covers a hemisphere.

в волноводе «земля-ионосфера», показана роль потенциала заземлителя для возбуждения вектора в волноводе и потери энергии генератора на заземлителе за счет поверхностных токов в земле.On FIG. 4 shows the ground electrode and its place and role in the excitation of the vector

in the “earth-ionosphere” waveguide, the role of the ground potential for excitation of the vector in the waveguide and the loss of generator energy on the ground due to surface currents in the ground is shown.

On FIG. 5 shows the operation of a flat rectangular ground electrode with parameters of 1000 × 2000 m, while the outer perimeter of the earth electrode with a value of 6000 meters determines the amount of losses due to the existence of surface currents relative to the earth electrode current, however, the total surface of the earth electrode, as contact with the ground, determines the value of the antenna current and this a contact surface equal to 1000 m × 2000 m = 2000000 ^m2 must be provided.

в полости «земля-ионосфера» (Фиг. 3, Фиг. 4). При этом плоский заземлитель периметром круглой формы радиусом 800 метров соединен с внешними покровами, с медной трубкой и алюминиевыми проводниками, оптоволоконного кабеля используемого в качестве антенного полотна СНЧ и КНЧ радиостанции; плоский заземлитель периметром круглой формы выполнен из стальных полос сечением 50×10 мм в виде ячеек размером 100×100 см, имеющих единый для всех стальных полос электрический контакт со стальной полосой круглого периметра и заполняющих все пространство внутри плоского заземлителя периметром круглой формы, вся металлическая конструкция заземлителя периметром круглой формы радиусом 800 метров размещена на глубине от 0,8 до 1 м для земной поверхности с проводимостью о от 10^-4 до 10^-5 См/м (или сопротивлением R>10000 Ом⋅м).On FIG. 6.1 and Fig. 6.2 shows a highly efficient ground electrode, which is represented by a ground electrode with a circle perimeter, while it is easy to determine the efficiency factor, leaving the contact surface equal to 1000 m × 2000 m. = _2000000 m ² we determine the radius of the circle and its perimeter, if it is known that the area S circle is equal to S _current \u003d π r ² or 1000 m. × 2000 m. \u003d 2000000 m ² \u003d π r ² \u003d 3.14 r ² , therefore the radius is r \u003d 798 m. The perimeter of the circle will be determined 2 π r \u003d 5025 m , instead of 6000 m for a rectangular ground electrode, the gain is about one kilometer, which will be at least 12 percent of the loss reduction due to a decrease in the magnitude of the lateral current; if we plan a ground electrode system with a contact surface equal to 2000 m × 4000 m = 8000000 m ² , we will determine the radius of the circle and its perimeter, if it is known that the area S of the _current in the form of a circle is equal to S _current = π⋅r ² or 2000 m × 4000 m. = 8000000 m ² = π⋅r ² = 3.14⋅r ² , therefore the radius is r=1596 m. Thus, a flat rectangular grounding conductor has significant losses in lateral spreading current due to the larger perimeter in comparison with the perimeter of the earthing conductor in the form of a round flat grounding conductor. The use of a round flat ground electrode contributes to an increase in the potential of the earth electrode and, as a result, an increase in the field strength

in the "earth-ionosphere" cavity (Fig. 3, Fig. 4). At the same time, a flat grounding conductor with a circular perimeter with a radius of 800 meters is connected to the outer covers, with a copper tube and aluminum conductors, of a fiber optic cable used as an antenna sheet for VLF and ELF radio stations; a flat earthing conductor with a round perimeter is made of steel strips with a cross section of 50 × 10 mm in the form of cells measuring 100 × 100 cm, having a common electrical contact for all steel strips with a steel strip of a round perimeter and filling the entire space inside the flat earthing electrode with a round perimeter, the entire metal structure a grounding conductor with a circular perimeter with a radius of 800 meters is located at a depth of 0.8 to 1 m for the earth's surface with a conductivity of 10 ^-4 to 10 ^-5 S/m (or a resistance R>10000 Ohm⋅m).

On FIG. 7 shows a multi-channel transmitting antenna with a wide radiation pattern "Communication systems of the extremely low frequency and extremely low frequency range with deep and distant objects", where:

- 1 - control system for the transmitting VLF-ELF antenna in the central branch;

- I _A - the central branch of the transmitting antenna;

- токи в первой, второй, третьей, четвертой и пятой ветвях передающей антенне;-

- currents in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth branches of the transmitting antenna;

- земляной или обратный ток в первой ветви тока передающей антенны, протекаемый между первым заземлителем периметром круглой формы З₁ центральной ветви и последним N заземлителем периметром круглой формы первой ветви З_1N;-

- earth or reverse current in the first branch of the current of the transmitting antenna, flowing between the first earthing conductor with a circular perimeter З _{1 of} the central branch and the last N earthing conductor with a circular perimeter of the first branch З _1N ;

- обратный ток во второй ветви тока передающей антенны, протекаемый между первым заземлителем периметром круглой формы З₁ центральной ветви и последним N заземлителем периметром круглой формы второй ветви З_2N;-

- reverse current in the second branch of the current of the transmitting antenna, flowing between the first ground electrode with a circular perimeter З _{1 of} the central branch and the last N earth electrode with a circular perimeter of the second branch З _2N ;

- обратный ток в третьей ветви тока передающей антенны, протекаемый между первым заземлителем периметром круглой формы З₁ центральной ветви и последним N заземлителем периметром круглой формы третьей ветви З_3N;-

- reverse current in the third branch of the current of the transmitting antenna, flowing between the first ground electrode with a circular perimeter З _{1 of} the central branch and the last N earth electrode with a circular perimeter of the third branch З _3N ;

- обратный ток в четвертой ветви тока передающей антенны, протекаемый между первым заземлителем периметром круглой формы З₁ центральной ветви и последним N заземлителем периметром круглой формы четвертой ветви З_4N;-

- reverse current in the fourth branch of the current of the transmitting antenna, flowing between the first ground electrode with a circular perimeter З _{1 of} the central branch and the last N earth electrode with a circular perimeter of the fourth branch З _4N ;

- обратный ток в пятой токовой ветви передающей антенны, протекаемый между первым заземлителем периметром круглой формы З₁ центральной ветви и последним N заземлителем периметром круглой формы пятой ветви З_5N;-

- reverse current in the fifth current branch of the transmitting antenna, flowing between the first ground electrode with a circular perimeter З _{1 of} the central branch and the last N earth electrode with a circular perimeter of the fifth branch З _5N ;

- ток антенны

центральной ветви передающей антенны переключателем 5 представляется суммой токов: как током первой антенны

длиной

током второй антенны

длиной

током третьей антенны

длиной

током четвертой антенны

длиной

и током пятой антенны

длиной

(ток центральной ветви есть сумма токов пяти ветвей, как пяти составных частей передающей антенны, причем токи могут быть разных частот из пяти, либо любой вариант: одной, двух, трех и т.д. частот из пяти);-

- antenna current

the central branch of the transmitting antenna is represented by the switch 5 as the sum of the currents: as the current of the first antenna

long

second antenna current

long

third antenna current

long

fourth antenna current

long

and current of the fifth antenna

long

(the current of the central branch is the sum of the currents of the five branches, as five components of the transmitting antenna, and the currents can be of different frequencies out of five, or any variant: one, two, three, etc. frequencies out of five);

- 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ , …, 3 _N-1 , 3 _N - the first, second third, …, N-1 and N grounding conductors with a round perimeter of the central branch for the current of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 _K - earthing switch with a round perimeter of the branch switch 5;

- 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , …, 2 _N-1 , 2 _N - the first, second, …, N-1 and N converters of the central branch of the transmitting antenna;

, включенная между 2₁, 2₂, …, 2_N-1, 2_N преобразователями (как изолированный проводник длиной не более 20 км, находящийся в земле на глубине h_К в виде подводного оптоволоконного кабеля);- 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ , …, 4 _N-1 , 4 _N - one of N radiating sections of the central branch of the transmitting antenna with a length

, connected between 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , ..., 2 _N-1 , 2 _N converters (as an insulated conductor no more than 20 km long, located in the ground at a depth h _K in the form of an underwater fiber optic cable);

- 2 ₁₁ , …, 2 _1N - the first, …, and N converters of the first branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 2 ₂₁ , …, 2 _2N - the first, …, and N converters of the second branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 2 ₃₁ , …, 2 _3N - the first, …, and N converters of the third branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 2 ₄₁ , …, 2 _4N - the first, …, and N converters of the fourth branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 2 ₅₁ , …, 2 _5N - the first, …, and N converters of the fifth branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 ₁₁ , …, _3N - the first, …, and N earth electrodes with a round perimeter of the first current branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 ₂₁ , …, 3 _2N - the first, …, and N earth electrodes with a round perimeter of the second current branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 ₃₁ , …, 3 _3N - the first, …, and N earth electrodes with a round perimeter of the third current branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 ₄₁ , …, 3 _4N - the first, …, and N ground electrodes with a round perimeter of the fourth current branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 ₅₁ , …, 3 _5N - the first, …, and N ground electrodes with a circular perimeter of the fifth branch of the current of the transmitting antenna;

включенная между 2₁₁, …, 2_1N преобразователями;- 4 ₁₁ , …, 4 _1N - one of N radiating sections of the first branch of the transmitting antenna with the length

connected between 2 ₁₁ , …, 2 _1N transducers;

включенная между 2₂₁, …, 2_2N преобразователями;- 4 ₂₁ , …, 4 _2N - one of N radiating sections of the second branch of the transmitting antenna with the length

connected between 2 ₂₁ , …, 2 _2N transducers;

включенная между 2₃₁, …, 2_3N преобразователями;- 4 ₃₁ , …, 4 _3N - one of N radiating sections of the third branch of the transmitting antenna with the length

connected between 2 ₃₁ , …, 2 _3N transducers;

включенная между 2₄₁, …, 2_4N преобразователями;- 4 ₄₁ , …, 4 _4N - one of N radiating sections of the fourth branch of the transmitting antenna with the length

connected between 2 ₄₁ , …, 2 _4N transducers;

включенная между 2₅₁, …, 2_5N преобразователями;- 4 ₅₁ , …, 4 _5N - one of N radiating sections of the fifth branch of the transmitting antenna with the length

connected between 2 ₅₁ , ..., 2 _5N converters;

- 5 - branch switch, determines the operating frequencies and switching of the radiation direction from five additional current branches;

- длина первой, второй, третьей, четвертой и пятой ветвей передающей антенны, соответствующих длине обратного тока в каждой ветви;-

- the length of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth branches of the transmitting antenna, corresponding to the length of the reverse current in each branch;

- длина центральной ветви передающей антенны;-

- length of the central branch of the transmitting antenna;

- ZK - protected underground cable line for control and communication of the transmission system.

On FIG. 8 shows the design features of a multi-frequency transmitting antenna with a controlled radiation pattern and a protected control and communication cable line "Communication systems of the ultra-low frequency and extremely low frequency range with deep and remote objects", where:

-1 - a control system for a transmitting ELF-ELF antenna in the central branch, containing an information block 1-1, controlled through a second input at five operating frequencies and modulation of these frequencies through information channels through a protected cable line ZK, through a pre-amplifier 1-2, a system control, protection and automation 1-3, a power amplifier 1-4, a matching device 1-5, an antenna system current indicator 1-6, a source of electrical energy 1-7 powering the transmission system 1, an information block for monitoring the operation of N converters in the central branch and converters of five branches 1-8;

- 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , …, 2 _N - the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, …, and N converters of the central branch;

- 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ , 3 ₄ , 3 ₅ , 3 ₆ , …, 3 _N - the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, …, and N earthing conductors with a circular perimeter of the central branch;

включенная между 2₁, 2₂, 2₃, 2₄, 2₅, …, 2_N преобразователями (как изолированный проводник длиной не более

км, находящийся в земле на глубине h_К в виде подводного оптоволоконного кабеля);- 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ , 4 ₄ , 4 ₅ , …, 4 _N+1 - one of N radiating sections of the central branch of the antenna system with a length

connected between 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N converters (as an insulated conductor no longer than

km, located in the ground at a depth of h _K in the form of an underwater fiber optic cable);

- 2 ₁₁ , …, 2 _1N - the first, …, and N converters of the first branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 2 ₂₁ , …, 2 _2N - the first, …, and N converters of the second branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 2 ₃₁ , …, 2 _3N - the first, …, and N converters of the third branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 2 ₄₁ , …, 2 _4N - the first, …, and N converters of the fourth branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 2 ₅₁ , …, 2 _5N - the first, …, and N converters of the fifth branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 ₁₁ , …, 3 _1N - the first, …, and N ground electrodes with a round perimeter of the first current branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 ₂₁ , …, 3 _2N - the first, …, and N earth electrodes with a round perimeter of the second current branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 ₃₁ , …, 3 _3N - the first, …, and N earth electrodes with a round perimeter of the third current branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 ₄₁ , …, 3 _4N - the first, …, and N ground electrodes with a round perimeter of the fourth current branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 ₅₁ , …, 3 _5N - the first, …, and N earth electrodes with a round perimeter of the fifth branch of the current of the transmitting antenna;

- _ZK - grounding switch with a circular perimeter of the branch switch;

- 41 ₁ , …, 4 _1N - one of N radiating sections of the first branch of the transmitting antenna, connected between 2 ₁₁ , …, 2 _1N converters of this branch;

- 4 ₂₁ , …, 4 _2N - one of N radiating sections of the second branch of the transmitting antenna, connected between 2 ₂₁ , …, 2 _2N converters of this branch;

- 4 ₃₁ , …, 4 _3N - one of N radiating sections of the third branch of the transmitting antenna, connected between 2 ₃₁ , …, 2 _3N converters of this branch;

- 4 ₄₁ , …, 4 _4N - one of N radiating sections of the fourth branch of the transmitting antenna, connected between 2 ₄₁ , …, 2 _4N converters of this branch;

- 4 ₅₁ , …, 4 _5N - one of N radiating sections of the fifth branch of the transmitting antenna, connected between 2 ₅₁ , …, 2 _5N converters of this branch;

для первой, второй, третьей, четвертой и пятой ветвей (определяемая скин-слоем

- h - antenna reverse current flow depth

for the first, second, third, fourth and fifth branches (determined by the skin layer

-h _K - depth of laying the underwater fiber optic cable of the antenna system for the central, first, second, third, fourth and fifth branches;

- I _A - current in the antenna (underground cable) of the central branch;

- обратный ток в земле, между заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3₁ центральной ветви и N заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3_1N первой ветви передающей антенны;-

- reverse current in the ground, between the earthing conductor with a circular perimeter 3 _{1 of} the central branch and N with the earthing conductor with a circular perimeter 3 _1N of the first branch of the transmitting antenna;

- обратный ток в земле, между заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3₁ центральной ветви и N заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3_2N второй ветви передающей антенны;-

- reverse current in the ground, between the earth electrode with a circular perimeter 3 _{1 of} the central branch and N with the earth electrode with a circular perimeter 3 _2N of the second branch of the transmitting antenna;

- обратный ток в земле, между заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3₁ центральной ветви и N заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3_3N третьей ветви передающей антенны;-

- reverse current in the ground, between the earthing conductor with a circular perimeter 3 _{1 of} the central branch and the N earthing conductor with a circular perimeter 3 _3N of the third branch of the transmitting antenna;

- обратный ток в земле, между заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3₁ центральной ветви и N заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3_4N четвертой ветви передающей антенны;-

- reverse current in the ground, between the ground electrode with a circular perimeter 3 _{1 of} the central branch and the N earth electrode with a circular perimeter 3 _4N of the fourth branch of the transmitting antenna;

- обратный ток в земле, между заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3₁ центральной ветви и N заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3_5N пятой ветви передающей антенны;-

- reverse current in the ground, between the earthing conductor with a circular perimeter 3 _{1 of} the central branch and N with the earthing conductor with a circular perimeter 3 _5N of the fifth branch of the transmitting antenna;

-5 - branch switch, determines the operating frequencies and direction of radiation from five additional current branches.

On FIG. 9 shows the information block 1-1 containing in each transmitting channel two generators tuned to two frequencies, thus, the transmission of information is carried out by a two-frequency method: in the first data transmission channel, the generator 16-1 operates at a frequency of ƒ ₁ , and the generator 16-2 operates at frequency ƒ ₂ ; in the second channel: generator 17-1 - at ƒ ₃ , and generator 17-2 - at ƒ ₄ ; in the third channel: generator 18-1 - at ƒ ₅ , and generator 18-2 - at ƒ ₆ ; in the fourth channel: generator 19-1 - at ƒ ₇ , and generator 19-2 - at ƒ ₈ ; in the fifth channel: generator 20-1 - at ƒ ₉ , and generator 20-2 - at ƒ ₁₀ ; ten modulators: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15; spectrum shaper 21-1 and optical generator 21-2, while the first input of the information block 1-1 is connected in parallel with the inputs of ten generators: 16-1, 16-2, 17-1, 17-2, 18-1, 18- 2, 19-1, 19-2, 20-1, and 20-2; the output of the first generator 16-1 is connected through the first input of the first modulator 6 with the first input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the second generator 16-2 is connected through the first input of the second modulator 7 with the second input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the third generator 17-1 is connected through the first input of the third modulator 8 with the third input of the spectrum shaper 2 ₁ -1; the output of the fourth generator 17-2 is connected through the first input of the fourth modulator 9 with the fourth input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the fifth generator 18-1 is connected through the first input of the fifth modulator 10 with the fifth input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the sixth generator 18-2 is connected through the first input of the sixth modulator 11 with the sixth input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the seventh generator 19-1 is connected through the first input of the seventh modulator 12 with the seventh input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the eighth generator 19-2 is connected through the first input of the eighth modulator 13 with the eighth input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the ninth generator 20-1 is connected through the first input of the ninth modulator 14 with the ninth input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the tenth generator 20-2 is connected through the first input of the tenth modulator 15 with the tenth input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the spectrum shaper 21-1 is connected in parallel with the second output 2 of the information block 1-1 directly, and with the first output 1 of the information block 1-1 through the transmitter of the optical line (optical generator) 21-2; the second input of the information block 1-1 is connected in parallel with the second inputs of ten modulators: the first modulator - 6, the second -7, the third -8, the fourth -9, the fifth - 10, the sixth - 11, the seventh - 12, the eighth - 13, the ninth - 14 and the tenth - 15.

On FIG. 10 shows a submarine fiber optic cable containing N optical fibers 4.1, the space between the fibers is filled with a hydrophobic compound; metal tube made of stainless steel or copper 4.2; plastic shell 4.3; single-layer winding of round steel (stainless steel) or aluminum wires 4.4; bitumen coating 4.5; moisture-resistant sheath made of twisted polypropylene yarn 4.6; while N optical fibers 1.1 is located in a metal tube 4.2, the space between the fibers is filled with a hydrophobic compound; on top of the metal tube there is a plastic sheath 4.3, on top of which there is a single-layer winding of round steel or aluminum wires 4.4; over the wires - bituminous coating 4.5; bituminous coating 4.5 is protected by a moisture-resistant sheath made of twisted polypropylene yarn 4.6.

On FIG. 11 shows one of the N radiating sections of the antenna web 20 km long in the form of a fiber optic cable, containing N fiber optic fibers and insulated covers in the form of a copper tube 4.2 and a single-layer winding of round aluminum wires 4.4 of a submarine fiber optic cable in working condition and included in each branch of the VLF transmitting antenna , ELF radio stations: in the central branch from the first - 4 ₁ to N - 4 _N ; in the first branch from the first - 4 ₁₁ to N - 4 _1N ; in the second branch from the first - 4 ₂₁ to N - 4 _2N ; in the third branch from the first - 4 ₃₁ to N - 4 _3N ; in the fourth branch from the first - 4 ₄₁ to N - 4 _4N ; in the fifth branch from the first - 4 ₅₁ to N - 4 _5N ; at the same time, at the input of each section of the submarine fiber optic cable, the first input 1 is connected to the first of the optical fibers 1, and the second optical fiber 2 is connected to the third output at the input of each section of the antenna web; the second input 2 at the input of each section of the antenna web is connected to the "α ₁ " terminal, the "α ₁ " terminal is connected in parallel with the "b ₁ " terminal on a metal tube 4.2 through a high-resistance resistor R ₁ , and with the "ei" terminal directly connected to the wires single-layer lay of round aluminum wires 4.4; at the output of each 20 km long section of the submarine fiber optic cable of the antenna web, the first output 1 is connected to the first of the optical fibers 1, and the second optical fiber 2 is connected to the third input at the output of each section of the antenna web; the second output 2 at the output of each section of the antenna web is connected to the terminal "α ₂ ", the terminal "α ₂ " is connected in parallel with the terminal "b ₂ " on a metal tube 4.2 through a high-resistance resistor R ₂ , and with the terminal "in ₂ " directly connected to wires of a single-layer layer of round aluminum wires 4.4; current I _A in any of the N radiating sections flows through the second cable entry, through the “α ₁ ” terminal, through the “in ₁ ” terminal, along the wires of a single-layer winding of round aluminum wires 4.4 20 km long, through the “in ₂ ” terminal, through the terminal "α ₂ " to the output in any of the N radiating sections through the second output to the N converter.

On FIG. 12 one of N converters of any of 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , …, 2 _N in the central current branch, any of 2 ₁₁ , …, 2 _1N of the first current branch, any of 2 ₂₁ , … , 2 _2N of the second current branch, any of the 2 ₃₁ , …, 2 _3N of the third current branch, any of the 2 ₄₁ , …, 2 _4N of the fourth current branch, any of the 2 ₅₁ , …, 2 _5N of the fifth current branch, where:

- 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ - the first and second sections of the antenna system, made on the basis of a submarine fiber optic cable, similar sections 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ , 4 ₄ , 4 ₅ , ..., 4 _N in the central current branch, 4 ₁₁ , …, 4 _1N in the first current branch, 4 ₂₁ , …, 4 _2N of the second current branch, 4 ₃₁ , …, 4 _3N in the third current branch, 4 ₄₁ , …, 4 _4N of the fourth current branch, 4 ₅₁ , …, 4 _5N fifth current branch;

- 1-7 - source of electrical energy;

- 22 - information transformer;

- 23 - amplifier;

- 24 - block of narrow-band filters;

- 25 - shaper of information channels;

- 26 - spectrum shaper of the transmitting antenna;

- 27 - preamplifier;

- 28 - power amplifier;

- 29 - power regulator at the input of the power amplifier

- 30 - power transformer;

- 31 - current transformer;

- 32-1 - optical line receiver;

- 34-1 - optical line transmitter;

- 33-1 - corrective block of the optical line;

- 32-2 - optical line receiver;

- 34-2 - optical line transmitter;

- 33-2 - information block of the optical line;

- ток в N-1 секции антенны длинной 20 км;-

- current in N-1 antenna section 20 km long;

- ток в N секции антенны длинной 20 км;-

- current in the N section of the antenna 20 km long;

- разность токов N-1 секции и N секции антенной системы.-

- current difference between N-1 sections and N sections of the antenna system.

Figure 13 shows the block of narrow-band filters 24 is designed to highlight the frequency transmission channels and containing ten narrow-band filters: narrow-band filter 24-1 to select the first operating frequency ƒ ₁ ; narrow-band filter 24-2 to highlight the second operating frequency ƒ ₂ ; narrow band filter 24-3 to highlight the third operating frequency ƒ ₃ ; narrow band filter 24-4 to highlight the fourth operating frequency ƒ ₄ ; narrow band filter 24-5 to highlight the fifth operating frequency ƒ ₅ ; narrow band filter 24-6 to highlight the sixth operating frequency ƒ ₆ ; narrow band filter 24-7 to highlight the seventh operating frequency ƒ ₇ ; narrow band filter 24-8 to highlight the eighth operating frequency ƒ ₈ ; narrow band filter 24-9 to highlight the ninth operating frequency ƒ ₉ ; narrow band filter 24-10 to highlight the tenth operating frequency ƒ ₁₀ ; wherein the first input of the narrow-band filter unit 24 is connected to its first output through the first narrow-band filter 24-1, the second input of the narrow-band filter unit 24 is connected to its second output through the second narrow-band filter 24-2, the third input of the narrow-band filter unit 24 is connected to its third output through the third narrow-band filter 24-3, the fourth input of the narrow-band filter block 24 is connected to its fourth output through the fourth narrow-band filter 24-4, the fifth input of the narrow-band filter block 24 is connected to its fifth output through the fifth narrow-band filter 24-5, the sixth input of the block narrow-band filters 24 is connected to its sixth output through the sixth narrow-band filter 24-6, the seventh input of the narrow-band filter unit 24 is connected to its seventh output through the seventh narrow-band filter 24-7, the eighth input of the narrow-band filter unit 24 is connected to its eighth output through the eighth narrow-band filter 24-8, the ninth input of the narrow-band filter block 24 is connected to its ninth output through d the ninth narrow-band filter 24-9, the tenth input of the narrow-band filter unit 24 is connected to its tenth output through the tenth narrow-band filter 24-10.

Figure 14 shows the block shapers of information channels 25, containing ten shapers of information channels: the shaper of the first information channel - 25-1, the second channel -25-2, the third channel - 25-3, the fourth channel - 25-4, the fifth channel - 25-5, sixth channel - 25-6, seventh channel - 25-7, eighth channel - 25-8, ninth channel - 25-9, tenth channel - 25-10; wherein the first input of the information channel generator 25 is connected to its first output through the first information channel generator 25-1; the second input of the block shapers information channels 25 is connected to its second output through the shaper of the second information channel 25-2; the third input block shapers information channels 25 is connected to its third output through the shaper of the third information channel 25-3; the fourth input block shapers information channels 25 is connected to its fourth output through the shaper of the fourth information channel 25-4; the fifth input of the block shapers information channels 25 is connected to its fifth output through the shaper of the fifth information channel 25-5; the sixth input of the information channel shapers 25 is connected to its sixth output through the sixth information channel shaper 25-6; the seventh input of the information channel shapers 25 is connected to its seventh output through the seventh information channel shaper 25-7; the eighth input of the block shapers information channels 25 is connected to its eighth output through the shaper of the eighth information channel 25-8; the ninth input of the block shapers information channels 25 is connected to its ninth output through the shaper of the ninth information channel 25-9; the tenth input of the information channel shapers 25 is connected to its tenth output through the tenth information channel shaper 25-10.

In Fig.15 shows the shaper of the information channel, any of the ten: from the first 25-1 to the tenth - 25-10; each information channel shaper includes a first amplifier 32, an integrated circuit 33, a first gate B.1, a second amplifier 34, a differential circuit 35, a second gate B.2, a third amplifier 36, a clock generator 37, a modulator 38; at the same time, the input of the information channel shaper is connected to the first amplifier 32, the output of the first amplifier 32 is connected in parallel through the integrated circuit 33, through the first gate B.1, through the second amplifier 34 with the second input of the modulator 38, and also through the differential circuit 35, through the second gate B.2, through the third amplifier 36, through the clock generator 37 with the first input of the modulator 38; the output of the modulator 38 is connected to the output of the information channel shaper.

от N-1 секции антенной системы в первой обмотке 1, с током

от N секции антенной системы во второй обмотке 2 токового трансформатора 31, разностный ток

от N-1 секции антенной системы и N секции антенной системы первой 1 и второй обмоток 2 возбуждаемый в третьей обмотке 3 токового трансформатора 31.In Fig.16, the current transformer 31 contains a three-winding transformer Tr.1, with a current

from N-1 section of the antenna system in the first winding 1, with current

from the N section of the antenna system in the second winding 2 of the current transformer 31, differential current

from N-1 sections of the antenna system and N sections of the antenna system of the first 1 and second windings 2 excited in the third winding 3 of the current transformer 31.

On Fig.17 shows the switch branches 5, which determines the operating frequency and direction of radiation from five additional current branches, and also monitors the operation of nodes and blocks of the switch, containing a converter for five channels 42 and five five-pin switches: Vk.1, Vk.2 , Vk.3, Vk.4 and Vk.5; the first output N of the section of the antenna system of the fiber optic cable 4 _N of the central current branch is connected through the first input of the switch branches 5 with the first input of the Converter to five channels 42; the second output N of the section of the antenna system of the fiber optic cable 4 _N of the central current branch is connected through the second input of the switch branches 5 with the second input of the five-channel converter 42; the third input N of the section of the antenna system of the fiber optic cable 4 _N of the central current branch is connected through the eighth output of the switch branches 5 and through the eighth output of the five-channel converter 42; the first output of the converter for five channels 42 is connected in parallel with the first terminal "1" of the first switch Vk.1, with the first terminal "1" of the second switch Vk.2, with the first terminal "1" of the third switch Vk.3, with the first terminal "1 » of the fourth switch Vk.4, with the first terminal “1” of the fifth switch Vk.5; the second output of the converter for five channels 42 is connected in parallel with the second terminal "2" of the first switch Vk. 1, with the second terminal "2" of the second switch Vk.2, with the second terminal "2" of the third switch Vk.3, with the second terminal "2" of the fourth switch Vk.4, with the second terminal "2" of the fifth switch Vk.5; the third output of the converter for five channels 42 is connected in parallel with the third terminal "3" of the first switch Vk.1, with the third terminal "3" of the second switch Vk.2, with the third terminal "3" of the third switch Vk.3, with the third terminal "3 » of the fourth switch Vk.4, with the third terminal "3" of the fifth switch Vk.5; the fourth output of the converter for five channels 42 is connected in parallel with the fourth terminal "4" of the first switch Vk.1, with the fourth terminal "4" of the second switch Vk.2, with the fourth terminal "4" of the third switch Vk.3, with the fourth terminal "4 » the fourth switch Vk.4, with the fourth terminal "4" of the fifth switch Vk.5; the fifth output of the converter for five channels 42 is connected in parallel with the fifth terminal "5" of the first switch Vk.1, with the fifth terminal "5" of the second switch Vk.2, with the fifth terminal "5" of the third switch Vk.3, with the fifth terminal "5 » the fourth switch Vk.4, with the fifth terminal "5" of the fifth switch Vk.5; the sixth output of the converter for five channels 42 through the ninth output of the branch switch 5 is connected to the grounding conductor by a circular perimeter 3 _K of the branch switch 5; the first output 1 of the branch switch 5 is connected to the first branch through the first section of the fiber optic cable 4 ₁₁ of N sections of the antenna system of the first branch 4 _1N , while the first input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₁₁ is connected through the first output of the branch switch 5 to the seventh output of the converter for five channels 42 , the second input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₁₁ is connected through the second output of the branch switch 5 in parallel with the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth terminals of the first switch VK.1 of the branch switch 5, and the third output of the fiber optic cable 4 ₁₁ is connected through the third input of the branch switch 5 with the third input of the converter to five channels 42; the second output 2 of the branch switch 5 is connected to the second branch through the first section of the fiber optic cable 4 ₂₁ of N sections of the antenna system of the second branch 4 _2N , while the first input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₂₁ is connected through the third output of the branch switch 5 to the seventh output of the converter for five channels 42 , the second input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₂₁ is connected through the fourth output of the branch switch 5 in parallel with the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth terminals of the second switch Vk.2 of the branch switch 5, and the third output of the fiber optic cable 4 ₂₁ is connected through the fourth input of the branch switch 5 with the third input of the converter to five channels 42; the third output 3 of the branch switch 5 is connected to the third branch through the first section of the fiber optic cable 4 ₃₁ of N sections of the antenna system of the third branch 4 _3N , while the first input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₃₁ is connected through the sixth output of the branch switch 5 with the seventh output of the converter for five channels 42 , the second input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₃₁ is connected through the fifth output of the branch switch 5 in parallel with the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth terminals of the third switch Vk.3 of the branch switch 5, and the third output of the fiber optic cable 4 ₃₁ is connected through the fifth input of the branch switch 5 with the third input of the converter to five channels 42; the fourth output 4 of the branch switch 5 is connected to the fourth branch through the first section of the fiber optic cable 4 ₄₁ of N sections of the antenna system of the fourth branch 4 _4N , while the first input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₄₁ is connected through the seventh output of the branch switch 5 with the seventh output of the converter for five channels 42 , the second input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₄₁ is connected through the eighth output of the branch switch 5 in parallel with the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth terminals of the fourth switch Vk.4 of the branch switch 5, and the third output of the fiber optic cable 4 ₄₁ is connected through the sixth input of the branch switch 5 with the third input of the converter to five channels 42; the fifth output 5 of the branch switch 5 is connected to the fifth branch through the first section of the fiber optic cable 4 ₅₁ of N sections of the antenna system of the fifth branch 4 _5N , while the first input of the fiber optic cable 451 is connected through the tenth output of the branch switch 5 with the seventh output of the converter for five channels 42, the second input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₅₁ is connected through the ninth output of the branch switch 5 in parallel with the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth terminals of the fifth switch Vk.5 of the branch switch 5, and the third output of the fiber optic cable 4 ₅₁ is connected through the seventh input of the branch switch 5 with the third transducer input to five channels 42.

- ток в N секции N центральной ветви антенны длинной 20 км;

- ток в первой секции 4₁₁÷4₅₁ любой из дополнительных пяти ветвей антенны длинной 20 км направляемым по пяти выходам с первого по пятый;

- разность токов между током в последней секции N центральной ветви и током в первой секции 4₁₁÷4₅₁ любой дополнительной ветви антенной системы; при этом первый вход преобразователя на пять каналов 42 соединен через первый оптический приемник 32-1 параллельно с входом первого информационного блока 33-1, а через первый оптический генератор 34-1 с седьмым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42, при этом выход первого информационного блока 33-1 соединен параллельно со вторыми входами пяти предварительных усилителей пяти каналов: первого 27-1, второго 27-2, третьего 27-3, четвертого 27-4 и пятого 27-5; второй вход преобразователя на пять каналов 42 соединен через первичную обмотку информационного трансформатора 22, через первый вход токового трансформатора 31, через первый выход токового трансформатора 31 с шестым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42; вторичная обмотка информационного трансформатора 22 соединена через усилитель 23 с входом блока узкополосных фильтров 24; десять выходов блока узкополосных фильтров 24 соединены с десятью входами формирователя информационных каналов 25; первый и второй выходы формирователя информационных каналов 25 соединены с первым и вторым входом первого формирователи спектра 26-1 первого канала передачи данных; третий и четвертый выходы формирователя информационных каналов 25 соединены с первым и вторым входом второго формирователи спектра 26-2 второго канала передачи данных; пятый и шестой выходы формирователя информационных каналов 25 соединены с первым и вторым входом третьего формирователи спектра 26-3 третьего канала передачи данных; седьмой и восьмой выходы формирователя информационных каналов 25 соединены с первым и вторым входом четвертого формирователи спектра 26-4 четвертого канала передачи данных; девятый и десятый выходы формирователя информационных каналов 25 соединены с первым и вторым входом пятого формирователи спектра 26-5 пятого канала передачи данных; выход первого формирователя спектра 26-1 первого канала передачи данных через первый вход предварительного усилителя 27-1 соединен с первым входом первого усилителя мощности 28-1 первого канала, выход первого усилителя мощности 28-1 соединен с первичной обмоткой первого силового трансформатора 30-1 первого канала, вторичная обмотка этого силового трансформатора 30-1 клеммой «а» соединена со вторым входом токового трансформатора 31, а клеммой «б» вторичная обмотка первого силового трансформатора 30-1 соединена с первым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42; выход второго формирователя спектра 26-2 второго канала передачи данных через первый вход предварительного усилителя 27-2 соединен с первым входом второго усилителя мощности 28-2 второго канала, выход второго усилителя мощности 28-2 соединен с первичной обмоткой второго силового трансформатора 30-2 второго канала, вторичная обмотка этого силового трансформатора 30-2 клеммой «а» соединена со вторым входом токового трансформатора 31, а клеммой «б» вторичная обмотка второго силового трансформатора 30-2 соединена со вторым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42; выход третьего формирователя спектра 26-3 третьего канала передачи данных через первый вход предварительного усилителя 27-3 соединен с первым входом третьего усилителя мощности 28-3 третьего канала, выход третьего усилителя мощности 28-3 соединен с первичной обмоткой третьего силового трансформатора 30-3 третьего канала, вторичная обмотка этого силового трансформатора 30-3 клеммой «а» соединена со вторым входом токового трансформатора 31, а клеммой «б» вторичная обмотка третьего силового трансформатора 30-3 соединена с третьим выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42; выход четвертого формирователя спектра 26-4 четвертого канала передачи данных через первый вход предварительного усилителя 27-4 соединен с первым входом четвертого усилителя мощности 28-4 четвертого канала, выход четвертого усилителя мощности 28-4 соединен с первичной обмоткой четвертого силового трансформатора 30-4 четвертого канала, вторичная обмотка этого силового трансформатора 30-4 клеммой «а» соединена со вторым входом токового трансформатора 31, а клеммой «б» вторичная обмотка четвертого силового трансформатора 30-4 соединена с четвертым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42; выход пятого формирователя спектра 26-5 пятого канала передачи данных через первый вход предварительного усилителя 27-5 соединен с первым входом пятого усилителя мощности 28-5 пятого канала, выход пятого усилителя мощности 28-5 соединен с первичной обмоткой пятого силового трансформатора 30-5 пятого канала, вторичная обмотка этого силового трансформатора 30-5 клеммой «а» соединена со вторым входом токового трансформатора 31, а клеммой «б» вторичная обмотка пятого силового трансформатора 30-5 соединена с пятым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42; первый выход токового трансформатора 31 соединен с шестым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42, а второй выход токового трансформатора 31 соединен с входом регулятора мощности усилителей мощности 29, выход регулятора мощности 29 соединен параллельно со вторыми входами пяти усилителей мощности: первого усилителя мощности 28-1, второго усилителя мощности 28-2, третьего 28-3, четвертого 28-4 и пятого усилителя мощности 28-5; третий вход преобразователя на пять каналов 42 соединен с восьмым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42 через второй оптический приемник 32-2, через второй информационный блок -33-2 и через второй оптический генератор 34-2.In Fig.18 shows the Converter to five channels 42, containing a source of electrical energy 1-7, information transformer 22, amplifier 23, a block of narrow-band filters 24, the shaper of information channels 25; spectrum shapers of five channels: the first 26-1, the second 26-2, the third 26-3, the fourth 26-4 and the fifth 26-5; preamplifiers of five channels: the first 27-1, the second 27-2, the third 27-3, the fourth 27-4 and the fifth 27-5; power amplifiers of five channels: the first 28-1, the second 28-2, the third 28-3, the fourth 28-4 and the fifth 28-5; power regulator at the input of the power amplifier 29; power transformers in five channels: the first 30-1, the second 30-2, the third 30-3, the fourth 30-4 and the fifth 30-5; current transformer 31, first optical receiver 32-1, second optical receiver 32-2, first optical generator 34-1, second optical generator 34-2, first information block 33-1, second information block -33-2,

- current in the N section N of the central branch of the antenna 20 km long;

- current in the first section 4 ₁₁ ÷4 ₅₁ of any of the additional five branches of the antenna 20 km long directed through five outputs from the first to the fifth;

- current difference between the current in the last section N of the central branch and the current in the first section 4 ₁₁ ÷4 ₅₁ of any additional branch of the antenna system; wherein the first input of the converter for five channels 42 is connected through the first optical receiver 32-1 in parallel with the input of the first information block 33-1, and through the first optical generator 34-1 with the seventh output of the converter for five channels 42, while the output of the first information block 33-1 is connected in parallel with the second inputs of five preamplifiers of five channels: the first 27-1, the second 27-2, the third 27-3, the fourth 27-4 and the fifth 27-5; the second input of the converter for five channels 42 is connected through the primary winding of the information transformer 22, through the first input of the current transformer 31, through the first output of the current transformer 31 with the sixth output of the converter for five channels 42; the secondary winding of the information transformer 22 is connected through an amplifier 23 to the input of the block of narrow-band filters 24; ten outputs of the block of narrow-band filters 24 are connected to ten inputs of the shaper information channels 25; the first and second outputs of the information channel shaper 25 are connected to the first and second inputs of the first spectrum shaper 26-1 of the first data channel; the third and fourth outputs of the information channel shaper 25 are connected to the first and second inputs of the second spectrum shaper 26-2 of the second data channel; the fifth and sixth outputs of the information channel shaper 25 are connected to the first and second inputs of the third spectrum shaper 26-3 of the third data channel; the seventh and eighth outputs of the information channel shaper 25 are connected to the first and second inputs of the fourth spectrum shaper 26-4 of the fourth data transmission channel; the ninth and tenth outputs of the information channel shaper 25 are connected to the first and second inputs of the fifth spectrum shaper 26-5 of the fifth data transmission channel; the output of the first spectrum shaper 26-1 of the first data transmission channel through the first input of the pre-amplifier 27-1 is connected to the first input of the first power amplifier 28-1 of the first channel, the output of the first power amplifier 28-1 is connected to the primary winding of the first power transformer 30-1 of the first channel, the secondary winding of this power transformer 30-1 terminal "a" is connected to the second input of the current transformer 31, and terminal "b" the secondary winding of the first power transformer 30-1 is connected to the first output of the converter to five channels 42; the output of the second spectrum shaper 26-2 of the second data transmission channel is connected through the first input of the pre-amplifier 27-2 to the first input of the second power amplifier 28-2 of the second channel, the output of the second power amplifier 28-2 is connected to the primary winding of the second power transformer 30-2 of the second channel, the secondary winding of this power transformer 30-2 terminal "a" is connected to the second input of the current transformer 31, and terminal "b" the secondary winding of the second power transformer 30-2 is connected to the second output of the converter for five channels 42; the output of the third spectrum shaper 26-3 of the third data transmission channel through the first input of the pre-amplifier 27-3 is connected to the first input of the third power amplifier 28-3 of the third channel, the output of the third power amplifier 28-3 is connected to the primary winding of the third power transformer 30-3 of the third channel, the secondary winding of this power transformer 30-3 terminal "a" is connected to the second input of the current transformer 31, and terminal "b" the secondary winding of the third power transformer 30-3 is connected to the third output of the converter for five channels 42; the output of the fourth spectrum shaper 26-4 of the fourth data transmission channel is connected through the first input of the pre-amplifier 27-4 to the first input of the fourth power amplifier 28-4 of the fourth channel, the output of the fourth power amplifier 28-4 is connected to the primary winding of the fourth power transformer 30-4 of the fourth channel, the secondary winding of this power transformer 30-4 terminal "a" is connected to the second input of the current transformer 31, and terminal "b" the secondary winding of the fourth power transformer 30-4 is connected to the fourth output of the converter for five channels 42; the output of the fifth spectrum shaper 26-5 of the fifth data transmission channel is connected through the first input of the pre-amplifier 27-5 to the first input of the fifth power amplifier 28-5 of the fifth channel, the output of the fifth power amplifier 28-5 is connected to the primary winding of the fifth power transformer 30-5 of the fifth channel, the secondary winding of this power transformer 30-5 terminal "a" is connected to the second input of the current transformer 31, and terminal "b" the secondary winding of the fifth power transformer 30-5 is connected to the fifth output of the converter for five channels 42; the first output of the current transformer 31 is connected to the sixth output of the converter for five channels 42, and the second output of the current transformer 31 is connected to the input of the power controller of the power amplifiers 29, the output of the power controller 29 is connected in parallel with the second inputs of five power amplifiers: the first power amplifier 28-1, a second power amplifier 28-2, a third 28-3, a fourth 28-4, and a fifth power amplifier 28-5; the third input of the five-channel converter 42 is connected to the eighth output of the five-channel converter 42 through the second optical receiver 32-2, through the second information block -33-2, and through the second optical generator 34-2.

On Fig.19 shows the maximum beam width of the transmitting antenna during joint operation of the central branch of the current and as a continuation of its serially connected to the central branch of the additional five branches of the current, five branches operate in parallel and simultaneously at their own frequencies or at frequencies justified by the speed of information transfer and depth radio reception, and included in the data transmission of the five channels "Communication systems of the extra-low-frequency and extremely low-frequency range with deep-submerged and remote objects." For example, in the direction "A" radiation at the frequencies of the first data transmission channel, in the direction "C" radiation at the frequencies of the second channel, in the direction "D" radiation at the frequencies of the third channel, in the direction "K" radiation at the frequencies of the fourth channel, in the direction "P" radiation at the frequencies of the fifth channel. Based on Fig.17, where:

- I _A - current in the cable of the central branch of the transmitting antenna, as the total current of ten carrier frequencies of five channels: the first -ƒ ₁ and ƒ ₂ , the second - ƒ ₃ and ƒ ₄ , the third - ƒ ₅ and ƒ ₆ , the fourth - ƒ ₇ and ƒ ₈ , fifth - ƒ ₉ and ƒ ₁₀ ;

- ток в первой ветви не равен нулю и соответствует частотам ƒ₁ и ƒ₂ первого канала, т.е. первая ветвь подключена к цепи центральной ветви включателем Вк.1 в коммутаторе ветвей 5 так, что вход коммутатора 5 соединен с первым выходом коммутатора через преобразователь на пять каналов 39 на первый канал передачи данных, через первую клемму первого включателя Вк.1;-

- the current in the first branch is not equal to zero and corresponds to the frequencies ƒ ₁ and ƒ _{2 of} the first channel, i.e. the first branch is connected to the circuit of the central branch by the switch Vk.1 in the switch branches 5 so that the input of the switch 5 is connected to the first output of the switch through the converter for five channels 39 to the first data transmission channel, through the first terminal of the first switch Vk.1;

- ток во второй ветви не равен нулю и соответствует частотам ƒ³ и ƒ⁴ второго канала, т.е. вторая ветвь подключена к цепи центральной ветви включателем Вк.2 в коммутаторе ветвей 5 так, что вход коммутатора 5 соединен со вторым выходом коммутатора 5 через преобразователь на пять каналов 39 на второй канал передачи данных, через вторую клемму второго включателя Вк.2;-

- the current in the second branch is not equal to zero and corresponds to the frequencies ƒ ³ and ƒ ^{4 of} the second channel, i.e. the second branch is connected to the circuit of the central branch by the switch Vk.2 in the switch branches 5 so that the input of the switch 5 is connected to the second output of the switch 5 through the converter for five channels 39 to the second data transmission channel, through the second terminal of the second switch Vk.2;

- ток в третьей ветви не равен нулю соответствует частотам ƒ₅ и ƒ₆ третьего канала, т.е. третья ветвь подключена к цепи центральной ветви включателем Вк.3 в коммутаторе ветвей 5 так, что вход коммутатора 5 соединен с третьим выходом коммутатора 5 через преобразователь на пять каналов 39 на третий канал передачи данных, через третью клемму третьего включателя Вк.3;-

- the current in the third branch is not equal to zero corresponds to the frequencies ƒ ₅ and ƒ ₆ of the third channel, i.e. the third branch is connected to the circuit of the central branch by the switch Vk.3 in the switch branches 5 so that the input of the switch 5 is connected to the third output of the switch 5 through the converter for five channels 39 to the third data channel, through the third terminal of the third switch Vk.3;

- ток в четвертой ветви не равен нулю и соответствует частотам ƒ₇ и ƒ₈ четвертого канала, т.е. четвертая ветвь подключена к цепи центральной ветви включателем Вк.4 в коммутаторе ветвей 5 так, что вход коммутатора 5 соединен с четвертым выходом коммутатора 5 через преобразователь на пять каналов 39 на четвертый канал передачи данных, через четвертую клемму четвертого включателя Вк.4;-

- the current in the fourth branch is not equal to zero and corresponds to the frequencies ƒ ₇ and ƒ _{8 of} the fourth channel, i.e. the fourth branch is connected to the circuit of the central branch by the switch Vk.4 in the switch branches 5 so that the input of the switch 5 is connected to the fourth output of the switch 5 through the converter for five channels 39 to the fourth data channel, through the fourth terminal of the fourth switch Vk.4;

- ток в пятой ветви не равен нулю и соответствует частотам ƒ₉ и ƒ₁₀ пятого канала, т.е. пятая ветвь подключена к цепи центральной ветви включателем Вк.5 в коммутаторе ветвей 5 так, что вход коммутатора 5 соединен с пятым выходом коммутатора 5 через преобразователь на пять каналов 39 на пятый канал передачи данных, через пятую клемму пятого включателя Вк.5;-

- the current in the fifth branch is not equal to zero and corresponds to the frequencies ƒ ₉ and ƒ ₁₀ of the fifth channel, i.e. the fifth branch is connected to the circuit of the central branch by the switch Vk.5 in the switch branches 5 so that the input of the switch 5 is connected to the fifth output of the switch 5 through the converter for five channels 39 to the fifth data channel, through the fifth terminal of the fifth switch Vk.5;

- обратный ток в земле между заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3₁ центральной ветви и N, или последним заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3_1N первой ветви передающей антенны, как цепь образованная токами центральной ветви I_A частот ƒ₁ и ƒ₂ первого канала и током первой ветви

через включатель первый Вк.1 в коммутаторе ветвей 5;-

- reverse current in the ground between the ground electrode with a circular perimeter 3 _{1 of} the central branch and N, or the last earth electrode with a circular perimeter 3 _1N of the first branch of the transmitting antenna, as a circuit formed by currents of the central branch I _A of frequencies ƒ ₁ and ƒ _{2 of} the first channel and the current of the first branch

through the first VK.1 switch in the branch switch 5;

- обратный ток в земле между заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3₁ центральной ветви и N, последним заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3_2N второй ветви передающей антенны, как цепь образованная токами центральной ветви I_A частот ƒ₃ и ƒ₄ второго канала, и током второй ветви

через включатель второй Вк.2 в коммутаторе ветвей 5;-

- reverse current in the ground between the ground electrode with a circular perimeter 3 _{1 of} the central branch and N, the last earth electrode with a circular perimeter 3 _2N of the second branch of the transmitting antenna, as a circuit formed by currents of the central branch I _A of frequencies ƒ ₃ and ƒ _{4 of} the second channel, and the current of the second branch

through the second VK.2 switch in the branch switch 5;

- обратный ток в земле между заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3₁ центральной ветви и N, последним заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3_3N третьей ветви передающей антенны, как цепь образованная токами центральной ветви I_A частот ƒ₅ и ƒ₆ третьего канала и током третьей ветви

через включатель третий Вк.3 в коммутаторе ветвей 5;-

- reverse current in the ground between the ground electrode with a circular perimeter 3 _{1 of} the central branch and N, the last earth electrode with a circular perimeter 3 _3N of the third branch of the transmitting antenna, as a circuit formed by currents of the central branch I _A of frequencies ƒ ₅ and ƒ ₆ of the third channel and the current of the third branch

through the third VK.3 switch in the branch switch 5;

- обратный ток в земле между заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3₁ центральной ветви и N заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3_4N четвертой ветви передающей антенны, как цепь образованная токами центральной ветви I_A частот ƒ₇ и ƒ₈ четвертого канала и током четвертой ветви

через включатель четвертый Вк.4 в коммутаторе ветвей 5;-

- reverse current in the ground between the grounding conductor with a circular perimeter 3 _{1 of} the central branch and N with a circular perimeter 3 _4N grounding conductor of the fourth branch of the transmitting antenna, as a circuit formed by currents of the central branch I _A of frequencies ƒ ₇ and ƒ _{8 of} the fourth channel and the current of the fourth branch

through the fourth switch Vk.4 in the branch switch 5;

- обратный ток в земле между заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3₁ центральной ветви и N заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3_5N пятой ветви передающей антенны, как цепь образованная токами центральной ветви I_A частот ƒ₉ и ƒ₁₀ пятого канала и током пятой ветви

через включатель пятый Вк.5 в коммутаторе ветвей 5;-

- reverse current in the ground between the ground electrode with a circular perimeter 3 _{1 of} the central branch and N with a circular perimeter 3 _5N ground electrode of the fifth branch of the transmitting antenna, as a circuit formed by currents of the central branch I _A of frequencies ƒ ₉ and ƒ ₁₀ of the fifth channel and the current of the fifth branch

through the fifth Vk.5 switch in the branch switch 5;

- the width of the antenna pattern in a given direction, as the sum of the patterns in the directions: "A" at frequencies ƒ ₁ and ƒ _{2 of} the first channel, "C" at frequencies ƒ ₃ and ƒ _{4 of} the second channel, "D" at frequencies ƒ ₅ and ƒ ₆ of the third channel, "K" at frequencies ƒ ₇ and ƒ _{8 of} the fourth channel and "P" at frequencies ƒ ₉ and ƒ ₁₀ of the fifth channel;

- B - width of the radiation pattern in the opposite direction "B";

- U _Gen - the source of the EMF of the transmitting antenna;

- ток антенны I_A центральной ветви передающей антенны как последовательная цепь включенных к центральной ветви дополнительных пяти ветвей или сумма токов антенны

первой ветви длиной

второй ветви

длиной

третей ветви

длиной

четвертой ветви

длиной

пятой ветви

длиной

(ток центральной ветви поступает последовательно и параллельно по пяти ветвям, т.е. ветви, как составные части передающей антенны, совместно работающие с центральной ветвью и образующие широкую диаграмму направленности в заданном направлении «А», «С», «Д», «К» и «Р»;).-

- antenna current I _A of the central branch of the transmitting antenna as a series circuit of additional five branches connected to the central branch or the sum of the antenna currents

first branch length

second branch

long

third branch

long

fourth branch

length

fifth branch

length

(the current of the central branch comes in series and in parallel along five branches, i.e. branches, as components of the transmitting antenna, working together with the central branch and forming a wide radiation pattern in the given direction "A", "C", "D", "K" and "R";).

изолированному от земли, как проводящей среды. В качестве оптоволоконного кабеля предлагается использование подводного оптоволоконного кабеля, который удовлетворяет в полной мере эксплуатационным характеристикам для использования как излучателя. Причем имеет преимущества перед просто изолированным проводником используемом в аналогах патентах: №2567181 от 10.07.2015 г. RU; №2608072 от 13.01.17 г. RU; №2611603 от 28.02.2017 г. RU, №2626070 от 21.07.2017 г. RU и №2692931 от 28.07.2019 г. RU. Преимущества в следующем: внешние покровы подводного оптоволоконного кабеля можно использовать в качестве излучающей линии, а оптоволокно - для создания управления и контроля работой протяженной в 1000 км антенной системы.The principle of operation of the "Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and extremely low-frequency ranges with deep-immersed and remote objects" is as follows. The communication system on the shore contains a transmitting antenna (Fig.7, Fig.8), representing the central branch of the current flowing through the outer covers of a fiber-optic cable buried in the ground, as an extended conductor with a length

isolated from earth as a conductive medium. As a fiber optic cable, it is proposed to use a submarine fiber optic cable, which fully satisfies the performance characteristics for use as a radiator. Moreover, it has advantages over a simply insulated conductor used in analogues of patents: No. 2567181 dated 10.07.2015 RU; No. 2608072 dated 01/13/17 RU; No. 2611603 dated February 28, 2017 RU, No. 2626070 dated July 21, 2017 RU and No. 2692931 dated July 28, 2019 RU. The advantages are as follows: the outer covers of the submarine fiber optic cable can be used as a radiating line, and the fiber optic can be used to create control and monitoring of the operation of a 1000 km long antenna system.

изолированный от земли, как проводящей среды как центральная ветвь тока через коммутатор ветвей 5 (Фиг. 17) подключает любую из пяти ветвей тока в зависимости от необходимого для радиосвязи района действия погруженного объекта мирового океана. Топология трасс центральной и любой из пяти ветвей позволяет выбрать направление излучения, что позволяет управлять диаграммой направленности передающей антенны.This extended conductor is

isolated from the ground, as a conducting medium, as a central branch of the current through the branch switch 5 (Fig. 17) connects any of the five branches of the current, depending on the area of coverage of the submerged object of the oceans necessary for radio communication. The topology of the tracks of the central and any of the five branches allows you to choose the direction of radiation, which allows you to control the radiation pattern of the transmitting antenna.

Reception and registration of radiation generated by the VLF-ELF antenna system is carried out using a towed cable antenna, an antenna amplifier and a VLF-ELF receiver located on board the underwater object.

On FIG. 2 shows a ground electrode, one of the earth electrodes of the VLF and ELF transmitting antenna for FIG. 1, containing a metal support, an antenna connected to a ground electrode buried in the ground to a depth of 0.8 to 1 m, the antenna current i _A is represented by the spreading current i _З in the ground in the form of a hemisphere at the distance of the skin layer h from the ground electrode, while around the perimeter, the current i _{W of} spreading is parallel to the earth's surface, forming generator energy losses, since the field excited by them is also parallel to the earth's surface in air space, therefore, it does not participate in the excitation of the vertical vector E in the cavity of the earth-ionosphere spherical resonator. (“Global electromagnetic resonances in the earth-ionosphere cavity” - Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 1977. Authors P.V. Bliokh, A.P. Nikolaenko, Yu.F. Filippov).

в воздушном пространстве, при этом по периметру ток i_З растекания параллелен поверхности земли, образуя потери энергии генератора.On FIG. 3 shows the ground electrode as an excitation element of the vertical vector

in air space, while along the perimeter the current i _{W of} spreading is parallel to the earth's surface, forming the energy losses of the generator.

в волноводе земля-ионосфера, видно роль потенциала заземлителя для возбуждения вектора в волноводе и потери энергии генератора на заземлителе за счет поверхностных токов в земле.On FIG. 4 shows the ground electrode and its place and role in the excitation of the vector

in the earth-ionosphere waveguide, one can see the role of the ground potential for excitation of the vector in the waveguide and the loss of generator energy on the ground due to surface currents in the earth.

On FIG. 5 shows the operation of a flat rectangular ground electrode with parameters of 1000 × 2000 m, while the outer perimeter of the earth electrode with a value of 6000 meters determines the amount of losses due to the existence of surface currents relative to the earth electrode current, however, the total surface of the earth electrode, as contact with the ground, determines the value of the antenna current and this contact surface equal to 1000 m × 2000 m = 2000000 ^m2 must be provided.

On FIG. 6.1 and Fig. 6.2 shows a highly efficient ground electrode, which is represented by a ground electrode with a circle perimeter, while it is easy to determine the efficiency factor, leaving the contact surface equal to 1000 m × 2000 m. ⁼ _2000000 m circle is equal to S current = _π⋅r ² or 1000 m. × 2000 m. = 2000000 m ² = π⋅r ² = 3.14⋅r ² , therefore the radius is r = 798 m. The perimeter of the circle is determined 2 π⋅r = 5025 m , instead of 6000 m for a rectangular ground electrode, the gain is about one kilometer, which will be at least 12 percent of the loss reduction due to a decrease in the magnitude of the lateral current; if you plan a grounding conductor with a contact surface equal to 2000 m × 4000 m = 8000000 m ² , then the losses will increase many times over; thus, the use of flat earthing switches with a round perimeter is justified. At the same time, a flat grounding conductor with a circular perimeter with a radius of 800 meters is connected to the outer covers, with a copper tube and aluminum conductors, of a fiber optic cable used as an antenna sheet for VLF and ELF radio stations; a flat earthing conductor with a round perimeter is made of steel strips with a cross section of 50 × 10 mm in the form of cells measuring 100 × 100 cm, having a common electrical contact for all steel strips with a steel strip of a round perimeter and filling the entire space inside the flat earthing electrode with a round perimeter, the entire metal structure a grounding conductor with a circular perimeter with a radius of 800 meters is located at a depth of 0.8 to 1 m for the earth's surface with a conductivity σ of 10 ^-4 to 10 ^-5 S/m (or a resistance R > 10,000 Ohm⋅m).

The fiber optic cable shown in Fig. 10 contains N optical fibers 4.1, the space between the fibers is filled with a hydrophobic compound; metal tube made of stainless steel or copper 4.2; plastic shell 4.3; single-layer winding of round steel (stainless steel) or aluminum wires 4.4; bitumen coating 4.5; moisture-resistant sheath made of twisted polypropylene yarn 4.6; while N optical fibers 1.1 is located in a metal tube 4.2, the space between the fibers is filled with a hydrophobic compound; on top of the metal tube there is a plastic sheath 4.3, on top of which there is a single-layer winding of round steel or aluminum wires 4.4; over the wires - bituminous coating 4.5; bituminous coating 4.5 is protected by a moisture-resistant sheath made of twisted polypropylene yarn 4.6. Thus, in addition to the outer covers used to create the antenna web, it is proposed to use optical fiber to control the operation of nodes and tuning elements in all N converters. Moreover, taking into account the total number of N transducers in the central and five additional branches, as well as the number of nodes and setting elements in each transducer, it is easy to justify the total number of channels required to perform the control properties. It should be a control system with several hundred channels, like an info-telecommunication system. Such a system can be created on the basis of a fiber optic system. Therefore, the submarine fiber optic cable can fully meet these requirements. To work as one of the N radiating sections, the submarine fiber optic cable must have the connection scheme shown in Fig.7. On FIG. 7 one of N radiating sections of the antenna fabric 20 km long, containing N fiber optic fibers and insulated covers in the form of a copper tube 4.2 and a single-layer winding of round aluminum wires 4.4 of a submarine fiber optic cable in working condition and included in each branch of the transmitting antenna VLF, ELF radio station: in central branch from the first - 4 ₁ to N - 4 _N ; in the first branch from the first - 4 ₁₁ by N - 4 _N ; in the second branch from the first - 4 ₂₁ to N - 4 _2N ; in the third branch from the first - 4 ₃₁ to N - 4 _3N ; in the fourth branch from the first - 4 ₄₁ to N - 4 _4N ; in the fifth branch from the first - 4 ₅₁ to N - 4 _5N ; at the same time, at the input of each section of the submarine fiber optic cable, the first input 1 is connected to the first of the optical fibers 1, and the second optical fiber 2 is connected to the third output at the input of each section of the antenna web; the second input 2 at the input of each section of the antenna web is connected to the terminal "α ₁ n", the terminal "α ₁ " is connected in parallel with the metal tube 4.2 by the terminal "61" through a high-resistance resistor R ₁ , and with the terminal "b ₁ " directly connected to the wires single-layer lay of round aluminum wires 4.4; at the output of each 20 km long section of the submarine fiber optic cable of the antenna web, the first output 1 is connected to the first of the optical fibers 1, and the second optical fiber 2 is connected to the third input at the output of each section of the antenna web; the second output 2 at the output of each section of the antenna web is connected to the terminal "α ₂ ", the terminal "α ₂ " is connected in parallel with the metal tube 4.2 by the terminal "b ₂ " through a high-resistance resistor R ₂ , and with the terminal "in ₂ " directly with single-layer wires laying round aluminum wires 4.4. Ground-insulated conductors in the core-to-ground circuit withstand 10 kV AC at a frequency of 50 Hz. Copper tube and aluminum conductors can be used as an antenna sheet for VLF and ELF radio stations, and communication via fiber optics to control the operation of the entire transmitting antenna system. Thus, current flows through the outer covers of the underwater fiber optic cable and implements one N radiating sections of the antenna fabric. At the same time, in order to reduce the influence of the electromagnetic field generated by the current flowing through the outer covers of the cable, on the optical fiber, the amount of current through the metal tube 4.2 is limited by the inclusion of high-resistance resistance. At the same time, in order to reduce the influence of the current flowing in the conductors of the single-layer lay of round aluminum wires 4.4, a small current is created through the metal tube 4.2. The value of the current through the metal tube 4.2 can be set by the active resistance of the resistors R ₁ and R ₂ .

Sections, from N radiating sections, are connected to each other in the central current branch through a converter 2 _N , from N converters in the antenna system, each of N converters is connected to its own ground electrode with a round perimeter 3 _N of N ground electrodes with a round perimeter. Transmission system 1 (Fig.8), consisting of an information block 1-1 containing ten data channels, a pre-amplifier 1-2, a control, protection and automation system 1-3, a power amplifier 1-4, a matching device 1-5, antenna current indicator 1-6, information block for monitoring the operation of N converters in the central branch and converters of five branches 1-8 and current source 1-7 is designed to create a given current in the antenna system corresponding to the required value of the antenna magnetic moment at a given radiation frequency. In each transmitting channel, out of the five available channels in the system, two generators are tuned to two frequencies, so the transmission of information is carried out in a two-frequency method in each channel, which doubles the data transfer rate. Therefore, the information block 1-1 contains ten oscillators, ten modulators and a frequency spectrum shaping unit (FIG. 9). So in the first data transmission channel, the generator 16-1 operates at a frequency of ƒ ₁ and the generator 16-2 operates at a frequency of ƒ ₂ ; in the second channel: the generator 17-1 operates at a frequency of ƒ ₃ and the generator 17-2 - at ƒ ₄ ; in the third channel: the generator 18-1 operates at a frequency of ƒ ₅ and the generator 18-2 - at ƒ ₆ ; in the fourth channel: generator 19-1 operates at a frequency of ƒ ₇ , and generator 19-2 - at ƒ ₈ ; in the fifth channel: generator 20-1 operates at a frequency of ƒ ₉ , and generator 20-2 - at ƒ ₁₀ , ten modulators: the first 6, the second 7, the third 8, the fourth 9, the fifth 10, the sixth 11, the seventh 12, the eighth 13 , ninth 14 and tenth 15; and spectrum shaper 21-1, wherein the first input of the information block 1-1 is connected in parallel with the inputs of ten generators; the output of the first generator 16-1 with a frequency ƒ ₁ is connected through the first input of the first modulator 6 with the first input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the second generator 16-2 with a frequency ƒ ₂ is connected through the first input of the second modulator 7 with the second input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the third generator 17-1 frequency ƒ ₃ is connected through the first input of the third modulator 8 with the third input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the fourth generator 17-2 frequency ƒ ₄ is connected through the first input of the fourth modulator 9 with the fourth input of the spectrum shaper 2 ₁ -1; the output of the fifth generator 18-1 frequency ƒ ₅ is connected through the first input of the fifth modulator 10 with the fifth input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the sixth generator 18-2 frequency ƒ ₆ is connected through the first input of the sixth modulator 11 with the sixth input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the seventh generator 19-1 frequency ƒ ₇ is connected through the first input of the seventh modulator 12 with the seventh input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the eighth generator 19-2 frequency ƒ ₈ is connected through the first input of the eighth modulator 13 with the eighth input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the ninth generator 20-1 frequency ƒ ₉ is connected through the first input of the ninth modulator 14 with the ninth input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the tenth generator 20-2 frequency ƒ ₁₀ is connected through the first input of the tenth modulator 15 with the tenth input of the spectrum shaper 21-1; the output of the spectrum shaper 21-1 is connected in parallel with the second output 2 of the information block 1-1 directly, and with the first output 1 of the information block 1-1 through the transmitter of the optical line (optical generator) 21-2; the second input of the information block 1-1 is connected in parallel with the second inputs of ten modulators: the first modulator - 6, the second - 7, the third - 8, the fourth - 9, the fifth - 10, the sixth - 11, the seventh - 12, the eighth - 13, the ninth - 14 and the tenth - 15.

In the transmission system 1 (Fig.8), the information block 1-1 is tuned by the first input to the operating frequencies in each of the five data transmission channels, and the second input of the block 1-1 modulates the information coming through the secure cable line ZK. From the output of block 1-1, the information channels enter the preamplifier 1-2 and then through it to the first input of the power amplifier 1-4, through the matching device 1-5, the latter provides at its output a given current at the output of the transmission system 1 through the second input 2 of the underground fiber optic cable of the first section 4 _{1 of} the antenna system, and the matching of the output parameters of the power amplifier 1-4 at the second input 2 of the underground fiber optic cable by the first section 4 _{1 of} the antenna system at operating frequencies is carried out through the first input of the matching device 1-5. The control of the matching parameters of the current entering the first section 4 _{1 of} the antenna system of the central branch is carried out in the matching device 1-5, the data on the matching parameters, the frequency and magnitude of the current through the matching device 1-5 are received at the first input to the control, protection and automation system 1 -3. At the same time, the current of the grounding conductor is controlled by a circular perimeter 3 ₁ through the third output of the transmission system 1, the input of the power amplifier 1-4, through the output of the current indicator of the antenna system 1-6, it is fed to the second input of the control, protection and automation system 1-3. According to the current of the ground electrode with a circular perimeter 3 ₁ in the control, protection and automation system 1-3, the operation of the entire antenna system of its elements is monitored: converters 2 _N , ground electrodes with a circular perimeter 3 _N and N sections, segments of an underground fiber optic cable 4 _N : the accuracy is determined settings of the antenna system "Communication systems ..." in terms of current value, frequency and information distortion. The adjustment of the transmission system 1 is carried out through the output of the control system, protection and automation 1-3 for the information block 1-1 through its first input, for the power amplifier 1-4 through its second input and the matching device 1-5 through its second input. The operating frequencies and power levels justified by the control system are transmitted through the second output of the information block 1-1, through the first output of the transmitting system 1 to the first input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₁ and further through the entire antenna system to each converter of the central and five antenna branches to control the operation of the control system ; the third output of the fiber optic cable 4 ₁ is connected through the second input of the transmitting system 1 with the input of the information block for monitoring the operation of N converters in the central branch and converters of five branches 1-8.

Thus, the transmitting system 1 sets the frequency parameters in each of the five channels for the operation of the entire antenna system along its central and five branches. So the parameters of the current in terms of frequency, modulation and level, coming at the output of the transmitting system 1 and flowing through the first section 4 ₁ of the underwater fiber optic cable of the antenna system must be restored by each of the N converters. Therefore, the current flowing into the earthing conductor with a circular perimeter 3 _N must be equal to the current of the first section 4 ₁ of the submarine fiber optic cable. This is achieved by the operation of converters 2 _N , the principle of operation of the converters is identical in the central branch and in five additional branches and is represented by a block diagram in Fig.6.

протекает по первичной обмотке 1 информационного трансформатора 22 преобразователя 2₁ и далее через первый вход токового трансформатора 31, первый выход токового трансформатора 31 соединен через второй выход преобразователя 2₁ с заземлителем периметром круглой формы 3₂ преобразователя 2₁. За счет взаимной индукции ток

первичной обмотки информационного трансформатора 22 во вторичной его обмотке 2 наводится ЭДС, соответствующая параметрам тока

в первичной обмотке 1. Эта ЭДС усиливается первым усилителем 23 и поступает на вход блока узкополосных фильтров 24, где происходит выделение десяти частот: ƒ₁, ƒ₂, ƒ₃, ƒ₄, ƒ₅, ƒ₆, ƒ₇, ƒ₈, ƒ₉, ƒ₁₀ по каналам, так что по первому выходу блока узкополосных фильтров 24 поступает выделенная из смеси десяти частот на входе преобразователя информация, передаваемая на первой частоте ƒ₁; по второму выходу блока узкополосных фильтров 24 поступает выделенная из смеси десяти частот на входе преобразователя информация, передаваемая на второй частоте ƒ₂; по третьему выходу блока узкополосных фильтров 24 поступает выделенная из смеси десяти частот на входе преобразователя информация, передаваемая на третьей частоте ƒ₃; по четвертому выходу блока узкополосных фильтров 24 поступает выделенная из смеси десяти частот на входе преобразователя информация, передаваемая на четвертой частоте ƒ₄; по пятому выходу блока узкополосных фильтров 24 поступает выделенная из смеси десяти частот на входе преобразователя информация, передаваемая на пятой частоте ƒ₅; по шестому выходу блока узкополосных фильтров 24 поступает выделенная из смеси десяти частот на входе преобразователя информация, передаваемая на шестой частоте ƒ₆; по седьмому выходу блока узкополосных фильтров 24 поступает выделенная из смеси десяти частот на входе преобразователя информация, передаваемая на седьмой частоте ƒ₇; по восьмому выходу блока узкополосных фильтров 24 поступает выделенная из смеси десяти частот на входе преобразователя информация, передаваемая на восьмой частоте ƒ₈; по девятому выходу блока узкополосных фильтров 24 поступает выделенная из смеси десяти частот на входе преобразователя информация, передаваемая на девятой частоте ƒ₉; по десятому выходу блока узкополосных фильтров 24 поступает выделенная из смеси десяти частот на входе преобразователя информация, передаваемая на десятой частоте ƒ₁₀. Десять выходов блока узкополосных фильтров 24 соединены через десять входов формирователя информационных каналов 25 и через десять выходов формирователя информационных каналов 25 с десятью входами формирователя спектра передающей антенны 26. Выход формирователя спектра передающей антенны 26 через первый вход предварительного усилителя 27 соединен с первым входом усилителя мощности 28. Высокое напряжение на выходе усилителя мощности 28 создает достаточный ток в первичной обмотке силового трансформатора 30, чтобы во вторичной его обмотке создать требуемый ток для работы второй секции 4₂ оптоволоконного кабеля антенной системы «Системы связи…». Вторичная обмотка силового трансформатора 30 клеммой «в» соединена через второй выход преобразователя 2₁ со вторым входом оптоволоконного кабеля 4₂ второй секции антенны ее центральной ветви, а клеммой «а» вторичная обмотка силового трансформатора 30 соединена со вторым входом токового трансформатора 31. Второй выход преобразователя 2₁ соединен со второй секцией 4₂ кабеля антенной системы, возбуждая в секции 4₂ ток. Данный ток должен быть равен току, возбуждаемому в секции 4₁ кабеля передающей системой 1. Для контроля тока в секции 4₁ кабеля клемма «а» вторичной обмотки силового трансформатора соединена со вторым входом токового трансформатора 31, а второй выход этого токового трансформатора 31 подсоединен через регулятор мощности 29 ко второму входу усилителя мощности 28, чем обеспечивается регулировка уровня мощности на выходе усилителя мощности 28. Первый выход первой секции 4₁ оптоволоконного кабеля соединен через первый вход преобразователя 2₁ с входом приемного устройство оптической линии 32-1, выход приемного устройство оптической линии 32-1 соединен параллельно с входом корректирующего блока оптической линии 33-1, а через передающее устройство оптической линии 34-1, через первый выход преобразователя 2₁ с первым входом оптоволоконной линии 4 г, выход корректирующий блок оптической линии 33-1 соединен со вторым входом предварительного усилителя 27, обеспечивая контроль настройки рабочей частоты антенной системы; третий выход оптоволоконного кабеля 4₂ через третий вход преобразователя 2₁ соединен с входом приемного устройства оптической линии 32-2, выход приемного устройства оптической линии 32-2 параллельно соединен с входом информационного блока оптической линии 33-2, а также через вход передающего устройства оптической линии 34-2, через третий выход преобразователя 2₁ с третьим входом оптоволоконной линии 4₁; при этом информационный блок оптической линии 33-2 обеспечивает контроль и передачу данных по работе блоков и узлов каждого преобразователя антенной системы в информационный блок контроля работы N преобразователей в центральной ветви и преобразователей пяти ветвей 1-8 в систему управления передающей СНЧ-КНЧ антенной в центральной ветви 1.The current of the control system of the transmitting VLF-ELF antenna 1, having passed the first section 4 _{1 of} the underground submarine fiber optic cable of the central branch of the current, is fed to the input of the first converter 2 ₁ (Fig.12). From the second output of the first section 4 _{1 of} the underground submarine fiber optic cable, the current

flows through the primary winding 1 of the information transformer 22 of the converter 2 ₁ and then through the first input of the current transformer 31, the first output of the current transformer 31 is connected through the second output of the converter 2 ₁ with a ground electrode with a round perimeter 3 _{2 of} the converter 2 ₁ . Due to mutual induction, the current

the primary winding of the information transformer 22 in its secondary winding 2, an EMF is induced corresponding to the current parameters

in the primary winding 1. This EMF is amplified by the first amplifier 23 and fed to the input of the narrow-band filter block 24, where ten frequencies are selected: ƒ ₁ , ƒ ₂ , ƒ ₃ , ƒ ₄ , ƒ ₅ , ƒ ₆ , ƒ ₇ , ƒ ₈ , ƒ ₉ , ƒ ₁₀ channels, so that the first output of the block of narrow-band filters 24 receives selected from a mixture of ten frequencies at the input of the converter information transmitted at the first frequency ƒ ₁ ; the second output of the block of narrow-band filters 24 receives information selected from a mixture of ten frequencies at the input of the converter, transmitted at the second frequency ƒ ₂ ; the third output of the block of narrow-band filters 24 receives information selected from a mixture of ten frequencies at the input of the converter, transmitted at the third frequency ƒ ₃ ; on the fourth output of the block of narrow-band filters 24 comes selected from a mixture of ten frequencies at the input of the converter information transmitted at the fourth frequency ƒ ₄ ; the fifth output of the block of narrow-band filters 24 receives information selected from a mixture of ten frequencies at the input of the converter, transmitted at the fifth frequency ƒ ₅ ; on the sixth output of the block of narrow-band filters 24 comes selected from a mixture of ten frequencies at the input of the converter information transmitted at the sixth frequency ƒ ₆ ; on the seventh output of the block of narrow-band filters 24 comes selected from a mixture of ten frequencies at the input of the converter information transmitted at the seventh frequency ƒ ₇ ; on the eighth output of the block of narrow-band filters 24 comes selected from a mixture of ten frequencies at the input of the converter information transmitted at the eighth frequency ƒ ₈ ; on the ninth output of the block of narrow-band filters 24 comes selected from a mixture of ten frequencies at the input of the converter information transmitted at the ninth frequency ƒ ₉ ; the tenth output of the block of narrow-band filters 24 receives information selected from a mixture of ten frequencies at the input of the converter, transmitted at the tenth frequency ƒ ₁₀ . The ten outputs of the block of narrow-band filters 24 are connected through ten inputs of the information channel shaper 25 and through ten outputs of the information channel shaper 25 with ten inputs of the transmitting antenna spectrum shaper 26. The output of the transmitting antenna spectrum shaper 26 through the first input of the preamplifier 27 is connected to the first input of the power amplifier 28 The high voltage at the output of the power amplifier 28 creates a sufficient current in the primary winding of the power transformer 30 to create the required current in its secondary winding for the operation of the second section 4 _{2 of} the fiber optic cable of the antenna system "Communication Systems ...". The secondary winding of the power transformer 30 is connected by terminal "b" through the second output of the converter 2 ₁ with the second input of the fiber optic cable 4 _{2 of} the second section of the antenna of its central branch, and by terminal "a" the secondary winding of the power transformer 30 is connected to the second input of the current transformer 31. The second output Converter 2 ₁ is connected to the second section 4 _{2 of} the cable of the antenna system, exciting current in section 4 ₂ . This current must be equal to the current excited in section 4 _{1 of} the cable by the transmission system 1. To control the current in section 4 _{1 of} the cable, the terminal "a" of the secondary winding of the power transformer is connected to the second input of the current transformer 31, and the second output of this current transformer 31 is connected through power regulator 29 to the second input of the power amplifier 28, which ensures the adjustment of the power level at the output of the power amplifier 28. The first output of the first section 4 _{1 of} the fiber optic cable is connected through the first input of the converter 2 ₁ to the input of the receiver of the optical line 32-1, the output of the receiver of the optical line 32-1 is connected in parallel with the input of the correcting block of the optical line 33-1, and through the transmitter of the optical line 34-1, through the first output of the converter 2 ₁ with the first input of the 4 g fiber optic line, the output of the correcting block of the optical line 33-1 is connected to the second input of the pre-amplifier 27, providing control of the setting of the working th frequency of the antenna system; the third output of the fiber optic cable 4 ₂ is connected through the third input of the converter 2 ₁ to the input of the receiver of the optical line 32-2, the output of the receiver of the optical line 32-2 is connected in parallel with the input of the information block of the optical line 33-2, and also through the input of the transmitter of the optical line line 34-2, through the third output of the converter 2 ₁ with the third input of the fiber optic line 4 ₁ ; at the same time, the information block of the optical line 33-2 provides control and transmission of data on the operation of blocks and nodes of each converter of the antenna system to the information block for monitoring the operation of N converters in the central branch and converters of five branches 1-8 to the control system of the transmitting ELF-VLF antenna in the central branches 1.

Figure 13 shows the principle of operation of the block of narrow-band filters 24 containing ten filters: 24-1, 24-2, 24-3, 24-4, 24-5, 24-6, 24-7, 24-8, 24-9 , 24-10. The first narrow band filter 24-1 extracts only the information transmitted at the first frequency ƒ ₁ from the transmission frequency spectrum of the transmitting antenna. The second narrow-band filter 24-2 extracts only the information transmitted at the second frequency ƒ ₂ from the transmission frequency spectrum of the transmitting antenna. The third narrow band filter 24-3 extracts only the information transmitted at the third frequency ƒ ₃ from the transmission frequency spectrum of the transmitting antenna. The fourth narrow-band filter 24-4 from the transmission frequency spectrum of the transmitting antenna selects only the information transmitted at the fourth frequency ƒ ₄ . The fifth narrow-band filter 24-5 from the transmission frequency spectrum of the transmitting antenna selects only the information transmitted at the fifth frequency ƒ ₅ . The sixth narrow-band filter 24-6 from the transmission frequency spectrum of the transmitting antenna selects only the information transmitted at the sixth frequency ƒ ₆ . The seventh narrow-band filter 24-7 from the transmission frequency spectrum of the transmitting antenna selects only the information transmitted at the seventh frequency ƒ ₇ . The eighth narrow-band filter 24-8 from the transmission frequency spectrum of the transmitting antenna selects only the information transmitted at the eighth frequency ƒ ₈ . The ninth narrow-band filter 24-9 from the transmission frequency spectrum of the transmitting antenna selects only the information transmitted at the ninth frequency ƒ ₉ . The tenth narrow-band filter 24-10 from the transmission frequency spectrum of the transmitting antenna selects only the information transmitted at the tenth frequency ƒ ₁₀ . In this case, the first input of the narrow-band filter unit 24 is connected to its first output through the first narrow-band filter 24-1, the second input of the narrow-band filter unit 24 is connected to its second output through the second narrow-band filter 24-2, the third input of the narrow-band filter unit 24 is connected to its third output through the third narrow-band filter 24-3, the fourth input of the narrow-band filter block 24 is connected to its fourth output through the fourth narrow-band filter 24-4, the fifth input of the narrow-band filter block 24 is connected to its fifth output through the fifth narrow-band filter 24-5, the sixth input of the block narrow-band filters 24 is connected to its sixth output through the sixth narrow-band filter 24-6, the seventh input of the narrow-band filter unit 24 is connected to its seventh output through the seventh narrow-band filter 24-7, the eighth input of the narrow-band filter unit 24 is connected to its eighth output through the eighth narrow-band filter 24-8, the ninth input of the narrow-band filter block 24 is connected to its ninth output through d the ninth narrow-band filter 24-9, the tenth input of the narrow-band filter unit 24 is connected to its tenth output through the tenth narrow-band filter 24-10.

The information channel shaper 25 shown in Fig. 15 provides, on the basis of the information received in each channel from the narrow-band filter block 24, the restoration of the information channel and transmission to form the common spectrum in the spectrum shaper 26 (Fig. 14). Information channel shaper 25 contains ten information channel shapers: for example, first information channel shaper - 25-1, second channel shaper - 25-2, third channel shaper - 25-3, and so on up to the tenth channel - 25-10; wherein the first input of the shaper information channels 25 is connected to its first output through the shaper of the first information channel 25-1; the second input of the shaper information channels 25 is connected to its second output through the shaper of the second information channel 25-2; the third input of the shaper information channels 25 is connected to its third output through the shaper of the third information channel 25-3; the fourth input of the shaper information channels 25 is connected to its fourth output through the shaper of the fourth information channel 25-4; the fifth input of the shaper information channels 25 is connected to its fifth output through the shaper of the fifth information channel 25-5; the sixth input of the shaper of the information channels 25 is connected to its sixth output through the shaper of the sixth information channel 25-6; the seventh input of the shaper information channels 25 is connected to its seventh output through the shaper of the seventh information channel 25-7; the eighth input of the shaper information channels 25 is connected to its eighth output through the shaper of the eighth information channel 25-8; the ninth input of the shaper information channels 25 is connected to its ninth output through the shaper of the ninth information channel 25-9; the tenth input of the shaper of the information channels 25 is connected to its tenth output through the shaper of the tenth information channel 25-10.

The shaper of the information channel 25 (Fig.16) provides the restoration of the received information in each of the ten channels: from the first 25-1 to the tenth - 25-10; each information channel shaper includes a first amplifier 32, an integrated circuit 33, a first gate B.1, a second amplifier 34, a differential circuit 35, a second gate B.2, a third amplifier 36, a clock generator 37, a modulator 38; at the same time, the input of the information channel shaper is connected to the first amplifier 32, the output of the first amplifier 32 is connected in parallel through the integrated circuit 33, through the first gate B.1, through the second amplifier 34 with the second input of the modulator 38, and also through the differential circuit 35, through the second gate B.2, through the third amplifier 36, through the clock generator 37 with the first input of the modulator 38; the output of the modulator 38 is connected to the output of the information channel shaper.

от N-1 секции антенной системы в первой обмотке 1, с током

от N секции антенной системы во второй обмотке 2 токового трансформатора 31, разностный ток

от N-1 секции антенной системы и N секции антенной системы первой 1 и второй обмоток 2 возбуждаемый в третьей обмотке 3 токового трансформатора 31.The current transformer 31 (Fig. 16) provides for the transfer of energy in sections of the antenna system and comparison of the currents of adjacent radiating segments of the antenna system in order to ensure their equality. Current transformer 31 contains a three-winding transformer Tr.1, with current

from N-1 section of the antenna system in the first winding 1, with current

from the N section of the antenna system in the second winding 2 of the current transformer 31, differential current

from N-1 sections of the antenna system and N sections of the antenna system of the first 1 and second windings 2 excited in the third winding 3 of the current transformer 31.

The described operation of converter 2 ₁ is typical for other converters both in the central current branch - from 2 ₁ to 2 _N , and for the additional first branch of current - from 2 ₁₁ to 2 _1N , additional second branch - from 2 ₂₁ to 2 _2N , additional third branch - from 2 ₃₁ to 2 _3N , additional fourth branch - from 2 ₄₁ to 2 _4N and additional fifth branch - from 2 ₅₁ to 2 _5N , so there is no need to repeat the description of their principle of operation.

No current flows through the ground electrode 3 ₂ in working condition, because the currents of the primary and secondary windings in the current transformer 31 are always adjusted equal in amplitude, but opposite in phase, therefore they compensate for the fields excited by each other. However, ground electrodes in the central branch from the first Z ₁ to Z _N , and for the additional first current branch - from Z ₁₁ to Z _1N , the additional second branch - from Z ₂₁ to Z _2N , the additional third branch - from Z ₃₁ to Z _1N , additional fourth branch - from З ₄₁ to З _4N , additional fifth branch - from З ₅₁ to З _5N , should always be ready for operation, given that any of the converters may be in an emergency state. Consequently, one of the radiating lines may be excluded from operation. Therefore, all grounding conductors with converters can be operational and must be made in the form of grounding conductors with a round perimeter according to Fig. 6.2. For operation with the integrity of all circuits of the central antenna sheet and additional five antenna sheets, only the first 3 ₁ round-shaped perimeter ground electrode in the central current branch and the last ground electrode, round-shaped perimeter, in each of the five current branches, that is: З _1N , З _2N , Z _3N , Z _4N , Z _5N ground electrodes with round perimeter branches in the antenna system (Fig.7, Fig.8).

On Fig.17 shows the switch branches 5, which determines the operating frequency and direction of radiation from five additional current branches, and also monitors the operation of nodes and blocks of the switch, containing a converter for five channels 42 and five five-pin switches: Vk.1, Vk.2 , Vk.3, Vk.4 and Vk.5; the first output N of the section of the antenna system of the fiber optic cable 4 _N of the central current branch is connected through the first input of the switch branches 5 with the first input of the Converter to five channels 42; the second output N of the section of the antenna system of the fiber optic cable 4 _N of the central current branch is connected through the second input of the switch branches 5 with the second input of the five-channel converter 42; the third input N of the section of the antenna system of the fiber optic cable 4 _N of the central current branch is connected through the eighth output of the switch branches 5 and through the eighth output of the five-channel converter 42; the first output of the converter for five channels 42 is connected in parallel with the first terminal "1" of the first switch Vk.1, with the first terminal "1" of the second switch Vk.2, with the first terminal "1" of the third switch Vk.3, with the first terminal "1 » of the fourth switch Vk.4, with the first terminal “1” of the fifth switch Vk.5; the second output of the converter for five channels 42 is connected in parallel with the second terminal "2" of the first switch Vk.1, with the second terminal "2" of the second switch Vk.2, with the second terminal "2" of the third switch Vk.3, with the second terminal "2 » of the fourth switch Vk.4, with the second terminal "2" of the fifth switch Vk.5; the third output of the converter for five channels 42 is connected in parallel with the third terminal "3" of the first switch Vk.1, with the third terminal "3" of the second switch Vk.2, with the third terminal "3" of the third switch Vk.3, with the third terminal "3 » of the fourth switch Vk.4, with the third terminal "3" of the fifth switch Vk.5; the fourth output of the converter for five channels 42 is connected in parallel with the fourth terminal "4" of the first switch Vk.1, with the fourth terminal "4" of the second switch Vk.2, with the fourth terminal "4" of the third switch Vk.3, with the fourth terminal "4 » the fourth switch Vk.4, with the fourth terminal "4" of the fifth switch Vk.5; the fifth output of the converter for five channels 42 is connected in parallel with the fifth terminal "5" of the first switch Vk.1, with the fifth terminal "5" of the second switch Vk.2, with the fifth terminal "5" of the third switch Vk.3, with the fifth terminal "5 » the fourth switch Vk.4, with the fifth terminal "5" of the fifth switch Vk.5; the sixth output of the converter for five channels 42 through the ninth output of the branch switch 5 is connected to the grounding conductor by a circular perimeter 3 _K of the branch switch 5; the first output 1 of the branch switch 5 is connected to the first branch through the first section of the fiber optic cable 4 ₁₁ of N sections of the antenna system of the first branch 4 _1N , while the first input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₁₁ is connected through the first output of the branch switch 5 to the seventh output of the converter for five channels 42 , the second input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₁₁ is connected through the second output of the branch switch 5 in parallel with the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth terminals of the first switch Vk.1 of the branch switch 5, and the third output of the fiber optic cable 4ts is connected through the third input of the branch switch 5 with the third converter input to five channels 42; the second output 2 of the branch switch 5 is connected to the second branch through the first section of the fiber optic cable 4 ₂₁ of N sections of the antenna system of the second branch 4 _2N , while the first input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₂₁ is connected through the third output of the branch switch 5 to the seventh output of the converter for five channels 42 , the second input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₂₁ is connected through the fourth output of the branch switch 5 in parallel with the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth terminals of the second switch Vk.2 of the branch switch 5, and the third output of the fiber optic cable 4 ₂₁ is connected through the fourth input of the branch switch 5 with the third input of the converter to five channels 42; the third output 3 of the branch switch 5 is connected to the third branch through the first section of the fiber optic cable 4 ₃₁ of N sections of the antenna system of the third branch 4 _3N , while the first input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₃₁ is connected through the sixth output of the branch switch 5 with the seventh output of the converter for five channels 42 , the second input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₃₁ is connected through the fifth output of the branch switch 5 in parallel with the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth terminals of the third switch Vk.3 of the branch switch 5, and the third output of the fiber optic cable 4 ₃₁ is connected through the fifth input of the branch switch 5 with the third input of the converter to five channels 42; the fourth output 4 of the branch switch 5 is connected to the fourth branch through the first section of the fiber optic cable 4 ₄₁ of N sections of the antenna system of the fourth branch 4 _4N , while the first input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₄₁ is connected through the seventh output of the branch switch 5 with the seventh output of the converter for five channels 42 , the second input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₄₁ is connected through the eighth output of the branch switch 5 in parallel with the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth terminals of the fourth switch Vk.4 of the branch switch 5, and the third output of the fiber optic cable 4 ₄₁ is connected through the sixth input of the branch switch 5 with the third input of the converter to five channels 42; the fifth output 5 of the branch switch 5 is connected to the fifth branch through the first section of the fiber optic cable 4 ₅₁ of N sections of the antenna system of the fifth branch 4 _5N , while the first input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₅₁ is connected through the tenth output of the branch switch 5 to the seventh output of the converter for five channels 42 , the second input of the fiber optic cable 4 ₅₁ is connected through the ninth output of the branch switch 5 in parallel with the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth terminals of the fifth switch Vk.5 of the branch switch 5, and the third output of the fiber optic cable 4 ₅₁ is connected through the seventh input of the branch switch 5 with the third input of the converter to five channels 42.

- ток в однослойном повиве круглых алюминиевых проволок подводного оптоволоконного кабеля N излучающей секции 4_N центральной ветви антенны длинной 20 км;

- ток в первой секции 4₁₁÷4₅₁ любой из дополнительных пяти ветвей антенны длинной 20 км направляемым по пяти выходам с первого по пятый;

- разность токов между током в последней секции 4_N центральной ветви и током в первой секции 4₁₁÷4₅₁ любой дополнительной ветви антенной системы; при этом первый выход подводного оптоволоконного кабеля N излучающей секции 4_N центральной ветви соединен через первый вход преобразователя на пять каналов 42 соединен через первое приемное устройство оптической линии 32-1 параллельно со входом первого корректирующего блока оптической линии 33-1, а через первое передающее устройство оптической линии 34-1 с седьмым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42, выход первого корректирующего блока оптической линии 33-1 соединен параллельно со вторыми входами пяти предварительных усилителей пяти каналов: первого 27-1, второго 27-2, третьего 27-3, четвертого 27-4 и пятого 27-5; второй выход подводного оптоволоконного кабеля N излучающей секции 4_N центральной ветви соединен со вторым входом преобразователя на пять каналов; второй вход преобразователя на пять каналов 42 соединен через первичную обмотку информационного трансформатора 22, через первый вход токового трансформатора 31, через первый выход токового трансформатора 31 с шестым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42; вторичная обмотка информационного трансформатора 22 соединена через усилитель 23 с входом блока узкополосных фильтров 24; десять выходов блока узкополосных фильтров 24 соединены с десятью входами формирователя информационных каналов 25; первый и второй выходы формирователя информационных каналов 25 соединены с первым и вторым входом первого формирователи спектра 26-1 первого канала передачи данных; третий и четвертый выходы формирователя информационных каналов 25 соединены с первым и вторым входом второго формирователи спектра 26-2 второго канала передачи данных; пятый и шестой выходы формирователя информационных каналов 25 соединены с первым и вторым входом третьего формирователи спектра 26-3 третьего канала передачи данных; седьмой и восьмой выходы формирователя информационных каналов 25 соединены с первым и вторым входом четвертого формирователи спектра 26-4 четвертого канала передачи данных; девятый и десятый выходы формирователя информационных каналов 25 соединены с первым и вторым входом пятого формирователи спектра 26-5 пятого канала передачи данных; выход первого формирователя спектра 26-1 первого канала передачи данных через первый вход предварительного усилителя 27-1 соединен с первым входом первого усилителя мощности 28-1 первого канала, выход первого усилителя мощности 28-1 соединен с первичной обмоткой первого силового трансформатора 30-1 первого канала, вторичная обмотка этого силового трансформатора 30-1 клеммой «а» соединена со вторым входом токового трансформатора 31, а клеммой «б» вторичная обмотка первого силового трансформатора 30-1 соединена с первым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42; выход второго формирователя спектра 26-2 второго канала передачи данных через первый вход предварительного усилителя 27-2 соединен с первым входом второго усилителя мощности 28-2 второго канала, выход второго усилителя мощности 28-2 соединен с первичной обмоткой второго силового трансформатора 30-2 второго канала, вторичная обмотка этого силового трансформатора 30-2 клеммой «а» соединена со вторым входом токового трансформатора 31, а клеммой «б» вторичная обмотка второго силового трансформатора 30-2 соединена со вторым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42; выход третьего формирователя спектра 26-3 третьего канала передачи данных через первый вход предварительного усилителя 27-3 соединен с первым входом третьего усилителя мощности 28-3 третьего канала, выход третьего усилителя мощности 28-3 соединен с первичной обмоткой третьего силового трансформатора 30-3 третьего канала, вторичная обмотка этого силового трансформатора 30-3 клеммой «а» соединена со вторым входом токового трансформатора 31, а клеммой «б» вторичная обмотка третьего силового трансформатора 30-3 соединена с третьим выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42; выход четвертого формирователя спектра 26-4 четвертого канала передачи данных через первый вход предварительного усилителя 27-4 соединен с первым входом четвертого усилителя мощности 28-4 четвертого канала, выход четвертого усилителя мощности 28-4 соединен с первичной обмоткой четвертого силового трансформатора 30-4 четвертого канала, вторичная обмотка этого силового трансформатора 30-4 клеммой «а» соединена со вторым входом токового трансформатора 31, а клеммой «б» вторичная обмотка четвертого силового трансформатора 30-4 соединена с четвертым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42; выход пятого формирователя спектра 26-5 пятого канала передачи данных через первый вход предварительного усилителя 27-5 соединен с первым входом пятого усилителя мощности 28-5 пятого канала, выход пятого усилителя мощности 28-5 соединен с первичной обмоткой пятого силового трансформатора 30-5 пятого канала, вторичная обмотка этого силового трансформатора 30-5 клеммой «а» соединена со вторым входом токового трансформатора 31, а клеммой «б» вторичная обмотка пятого силового трансформатора 30-5 соединена с пятым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42; первый выход токового трансформатора 31 соединен с шестым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42, а второй выход токового трансформатора 31 соединен с входом регулятора мощности усилителей мощности 29, выход регулятора мощности 29 соединен параллельно со вторыми входами пяти усилителей мощности: первого усилителя мощности 28-1, второго усилителя мощности 28-2, третьего 28-3, четвертого 28-4 и пятого усилителя мощности 28-5; третий вход преобразователя на пять каналов 42 соединен с восьмым выходом преобразователя на пять каналов 42 через второе приемное устройство оптической линии 32-2, через второй корректирующий блок оптической линии -33-2 и через второе передающее устройство оптической линии 34-2.In Fig.18 shows the Converter to five channels 42, containing a source of electrical energy 1-7, information transformer 22, amplifier 23, a block of narrow-band filters 24, the shaper of information channels 25; spectrum shapers of five channels: the first 26-1, the second 26-2, the third 26-3, the fourth 26-4 and the fifth 26-5; preamplifiers of five channels: the first 27-1, the second 27-2, the third 27-3, the fourth 27-4 and the fifth 27-5; power amplifiers of five channels: the first 28-1, the second 28-2, the third 28-3, the fourth 28-4 and the fifth 28-5; power regulator at the input of the power amplifier 29; power transformers in five channels: the first 30-1, the second 30-2, the third 30-3, the fourth 30-4 and the fifth 30-5; current transformer 31, first optical line receiver 32-1, second optical line receiver 32-2, first optical line transmitter 34-1, second optical line transmitter 34-2, first optical line equalizer 33-1, second corrective block of the optical line -33-2,

- current in a single-layer layer of round aluminum wires of a submarine fiber-optic cable N of the radiating section 4 _N of the central branch of the antenna 20 km long;

- current in the first section 4 ₁₁ ÷4 ₅₁ of any of the additional five branches of the antenna 20 km long directed through five outputs from the first to the fifth;

- current difference between the current in the last section 4 _N of the central branch and the current in the first section 4 ₁₁ ÷4 ₅₁ of any additional branch of the antenna system; wherein the first output of the submarine fiber optic cable N of the radiating section 4 _N of the central branch is connected through the first input of the converter to five channels 42 is connected through the first receiver of the optical line 32-1 in parallel with the input of the first correction unit of the optical line 33-1, and through the first transmitter optical line 34-1 with the seventh output of the converter for five channels 42, the output of the first corrective block of the optical line 33-1 is connected in parallel with the second inputs of five preamplifiers of five channels: the first 27-1, the second 27-2, the third 27-3, the fourth 27-4 and fifth 27-5; the second output of the submarine fiber optic cable N of the radiating section 4 _N of the central branch is connected to the second input of the five-channel converter; the second input of the converter for five channels 42 is connected through the primary winding of the information transformer 22, through the first input of the current transformer 31, through the first output of the current transformer 31 with the sixth output of the converter for five channels 42; the secondary winding of the information transformer 22 is connected through an amplifier 23 to the input of the block of narrow-band filters 24; ten outputs of the block of narrow-band filters 24 are connected to ten inputs of the shaper information channels 25; the first and second outputs of the information channel shaper 25 are connected to the first and second inputs of the first spectrum shaper 26-1 of the first data channel; the third and fourth outputs of the information channel shaper 25 are connected to the first and second inputs of the second spectrum shaper 26-2 of the second data channel; the fifth and sixth outputs of the information channel shaper 25 are connected to the first and second inputs of the third spectrum shaper 26-3 of the third data channel; the seventh and eighth outputs of the information channel shaper 25 are connected to the first and second inputs of the fourth spectrum shaper 26-4 of the fourth data transmission channel; the ninth and tenth outputs of the information channel shaper 25 are connected to the first and second inputs of the fifth spectrum shaper 26-5 of the fifth data transmission channel; the output of the first spectrum shaper 26-1 of the first data transmission channel through the first input of the pre-amplifier 27-1 is connected to the first input of the first power amplifier 28-1 of the first channel, the output of the first power amplifier 28-1 is connected to the primary winding of the first power transformer 30-1 of the first channel, the secondary winding of this power transformer 30-1 terminal "a" is connected to the second input of the current transformer 31, and terminal "b" the secondary winding of the first power transformer 30-1 is connected to the first output of the converter to five channels 42; the output of the second spectrum shaper 26-2 of the second data transmission channel is connected through the first input of the pre-amplifier 27-2 to the first input of the second power amplifier 28-2 of the second channel, the output of the second power amplifier 28-2 is connected to the primary winding of the second power transformer 30-2 of the second channel, the secondary winding of this power transformer 30-2 terminal "a" is connected to the second input of the current transformer 31, and terminal "b" the secondary winding of the second power transformer 30-2 is connected to the second output of the converter for five channels 42; the output of the third spectrum shaper 26-3 of the third data transmission channel through the first input of the pre-amplifier 27-3 is connected to the first input of the third power amplifier 28-3 of the third channel, the output of the third power amplifier 28-3 is connected to the primary winding of the third power transformer 30-3 of the third channel, the secondary winding of this power transformer 30-3 terminal "a" is connected to the second input of the current transformer 31, and terminal "b" the secondary winding of the third power transformer 30-3 is connected to the third output of the converter for five channels 42; the output of the fourth spectrum shaper 26-4 of the fourth data transmission channel is connected through the first input of the pre-amplifier 27-4 to the first input of the fourth power amplifier 28-4 of the fourth channel, the output of the fourth power amplifier 28-4 is connected to the primary winding of the fourth power transformer 30-4 of the fourth channel, the secondary winding of this power transformer 30-4 terminal "a" is connected to the second input of the current transformer 31, and terminal "b" the secondary winding of the fourth power transformer 30-4 is connected to the fourth output of the converter for five channels 42; the output of the fifth spectrum shaper 26-5 of the fifth data transmission channel is connected through the first input of the pre-amplifier 27-5 to the first input of the fifth power amplifier 28-5 of the fifth channel, the output of the fifth power amplifier 28-5 is connected to the primary winding of the fifth power transformer 30-5 of the fifth channel, the secondary winding of this power transformer 30-5 terminal "a" is connected to the second input of the current transformer 31, and terminal "b" the secondary winding of the fifth power transformer 30-5 is connected to the fifth output of the converter for five channels 42; the first output of the current transformer 31 is connected to the sixth output of the converter for five channels 42, and the second output of the current transformer 31 is connected to the input of the power controller of the power amplifiers 29, the output of the power controller 29 is connected in parallel with the second inputs of five power amplifiers: the first power amplifier 28-1, a second power amplifier 28-2, a third 28-3, a fourth 28-4, and a fifth power amplifier 28-5; the third input of the five-channel converter 42 is connected to the eighth output of the five-channel converter 42 through the second optical line receiver 32-2, through the second optical line correction unit -33-2, and through the second optical line transmitter 34-2.

A reasonable distribution of transmission channels over five additional branches allows us to imagine the transmission of energy from five information channels and build a distribution in five directions, thus ensuring simultaneous transmission of information to five objects located in remote areas of the oceans. On Fig.19 shows the specifics of the operation of the final ground electrodes during the joint operation of the central branch of the current with the serial connection to the central branch of additional five branches operating on their own information channel. Moreover, five branches are connected in parallel and the directional properties of the transmitting antenna are also given.

первого канала на частотах ƒ₁ и ƒ₂ в первой ветви; тока

второго канала на частотах ƒ₃ и ƒ₄ во второй ветви; тока

третьего канала на частотах ƒ₅ и ƒ₆ в третьей ветви; тока

четвертого канала на частотах ƒ₇ и ƒ₈ в четвертой ветви; тока

пятого канала на частотах ƒ₉ и ƒ₁₀ в пятой ветви через вход коммутатора ветвей 5 и его первый, второй, третий, четвертый и пятый выходы при замкнутых пяти включателях: Вк.1, Вк.2, Вк.3, Вк.4 и Вк.5. При этом разность потенциала генератора ЭДС U_Ген одновременно приложена к земляной поверхности пяти ветвей. ЭДС генератора между первым заземлителем периметром круглой формы З₁ центральной ветви и последним заземлителем периметром круглой формы З_1N первой ветви для частот первого канала, это приводит к протеканию обратного тока

. Кроме того, разность потенциала генератора ЭДС U_Ген между первым заземлителем периметром круглой формы З₁ центральной ветви и последним заземлителем периметром круглой формы З_2N второй ветви для частот второго канала, это приводит к протеканию обратного тока

. Кроме того, ЭДС генератора между первым заземлителем периметром круглой формы З₁ центральной ветви и последним заземлителем периметром круглой формы З_3N третьей ветви для частот третьего канала, это приводит к протеканию обратного тока

. Кроме того, ЭДС генератора между первым заземлителем периметром круглой формы З₁ центральной ветви и последним заземлителем периметром круглой формы З_4N четвертой ветви для частот четвертого канала, это приводит к протеканию обратного тока

. А также ЭДС генератора между первым заземлителем периметром круглой формы З₁ центральной ветви и последним заземлителем периметром круглой формы З_5N пятой ветви на частотах пятого, это приводит к протеканию обратного тока

. Эти обратные токи:

замыкают цепь, и являются токами передающей антенны на пяти каналах, состоящего из центральной ветви ток I_A, пяти ветвей тока

и пяти обратных токов

Направление излучения или диаграмма направленности цепи образованной этими токами соответствует собственной топологии или линиям обратного тока. Причем оконечные заземлители периметром круглой формы пяти ветвей пространственно разнесены, поэтому топологии обратных токов разнесены и находятся под определенными углами относительно топологии центральной ветви, следовательно, пять каналов передачи данных обслуживают свой собственный сектор мирового океана, чем обозначается независимая и одновременная система управления подводными объектами. Сопротивления всех пяти ветвей для тока антенны одинаковы, поэтому токи во всех пяти ветвях могут быть одинаковы и их сумма равна току в центральной ветви. Учитывая топологию обратных токов, ширина диаграмм направленности в направлении заданном образует пять направлений и пять независимых зон обслуживания инфотелекоммуникационной системой: по «А» на частотах ƒ₁ и ƒ₂ первого канала, по «С» на частотах ƒ₃ и ƒ₄ второго канала, по «Д» на частотах ƒ₅ и ƒ₆ третьего канала, по «К» на частотах ƒ₇ и ƒ₈ четвертого канала и по «Р» на частотах ƒ₉ и ƒ₁₀ пятого канала, или будет в пять раз шире, чем в направлении «В» (фиг.19).For example, Fig.19 shows the specifics of the five branches and each on its own data transmission channel. Current I _A , excited by the EMF generator U _Gene in the central branch of the spectrum of five channels, continues to flow in the form of a current

the first channel at frequencies ƒ ₁ and ƒ ₂ in the first branch; current

the second channel at frequencies ƒ ₃ and ƒ ₄ in the second branch; current

the third channel at frequencies ƒ ₅ and ƒ ₆ in the third branch; current

the fourth channel at frequencies ƒ ₇ and ƒ ₈ in the fourth branch; current

of the fifth channel at frequencies ƒ ₉ and ƒ ₁₀ in the fifth branch through the input of the branch switch 5 and its first, second, third, fourth and fifth outputs with five closed switches: Vk.1, Vk.2, Vk.3, Vk.4 and Vk.5. In this case, the potential difference of the EMF generator U _Gen is simultaneously applied to the earth surface of five branches. EMF of the generator between the first ground electrode with a circular perimeter Z _{1 of} the central branch and the last ground electrode with a circular perimeter З _1N of the first branch for the frequencies of the first channel, this leads to the flow of reverse current

. In addition, the potential difference of the EMF generator U _Gen between the first grounding conductor with a circular perimeter Z _{1 of} the central branch and the last grounding conductor with a circular perimeter Z _2N of the second branch for the frequencies of the second channel, this leads to the flow of reverse current

. In addition, the EMF of the generator between the first grounding conductor with a circular perimeter Z _{1 of} the central branch and the last grounding conductor with a circular perimeter Z _3N of the third branch for the frequencies of the third channel, this leads to the flow of reverse current

. In addition, the EMF of the generator between the first grounding conductor with a circular perimeter Z _{1 of} the central branch and the last grounding conductor with a circular perimeter Z _4N of the fourth branch for the frequencies of the fourth channel, this leads to the flow of reverse current

. As well as the EMF of the generator between the first grounding conductor with a circular perimeter Z _{1 of} the central branch and the last grounding conductor with a circular perimeter Z _5N of the fifth branch at frequencies of the fifth, this leads to the flow of reverse current

. These reverse currents:

close the circuit, and are the currents of the transmitting antenna on five channels, consisting of the central branch current I _A , five branches of the current

and five reverse currents

The direction of radiation or the radiation pattern of the circuit formed by these currents corresponds to its own topology or reverse current lines. Moreover, the terminal earthing switches with a round perimeter of the five branches are spatially separated, therefore, the topologies of the reverse currents are separated and are at certain angles relative to the topology of the central branch, therefore, five data transmission channels serve their own sector of the oceans, which denotes an independent and simultaneous control system for underwater objects. The resistances of all five branches for the antenna current are the same, so the currents in all five branches can be the same and their sum is equal to the current in the central branch. Given the topology of reverse currents, the width of the radiation patterns in the given direction forms five directions and five independent service areas of the infotelecommunication system: along "A" at frequencies ƒ ₁ and ƒ _{2 of} the first channel, along "C" at frequencies ƒ ₃ and ƒ _{4 of} the second channel, along "D" at frequencies ƒ ₅ and ƒ ₆ of the third channel, along "K" at frequencies ƒ ₇ and ƒ _{8 of} the fourth channel and along "R" at frequencies ƒ ₉ and ƒ ₁₀ of the fifth channel, or will be five times wider than in the direction "B" (Fig.19).

The authors are not aware of technical solutions from the field of radio communications containing features equivalent to the distinctive features of the claimed device. The authors are not aware of technical solutions from other fields of technology that have the properties of the claimed technical object of the invention. Thus, the claimed technical solution, according to the authors, has the criterion of essential features.

Claims (9)

1. A communication system for ultra-low-frequency and extremely low-frequency range with deep and remote objects, containing a transmission system connected to series-connected VLF-ELF generators distributed along the antenna web and made in the form of converters, while the antenna web consists of a central antenna branch connected by means of branch switch with five antenna branches spaced apart in space, each converter is connected to a ground electrode, the transmission system consists of a serially connected information unit, a preamplifier, a power amplifier and a matching device, the first output of which is connected to the first converter of the central branch, and the second output through the control system and protection is connected to the input of the power amplifier and the first input of the information block, the second input of which is connected to the protected cable line for control and communication, characterized in that the system the topic of controlling the operating frequencies and power of generators in each of N converters, the input of which is connected to the output of the first converter of the central branch, while each converter is made on a section of an underwater fiber optic cable, including optical fibers inside a metal tube, with a plastic sheath on which a single layer layer is applied from aluminum tubes, while the inputs and outputs of each converter are the inputs and outputs of optical fibers, and high-resistance resistors are connected at the input and output of each converter between the metal tube and the aluminum wires of the single-layer lay. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that each ground electrode of the central branch and five branches are identical and made flat in the form of a circle with a radius of 800 m, located at a depth of 0.8 to 1.0 meters in the surface layer of the earth, while the ground electrode made of steel strips forming a grid inside the earth electrode in the form of cells; at the same time, a flat grounding conductor is connected to external covers, to a copper tube and aluminum conductors of a fiber optic cable. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the information block of the transmitting system contains data transmission channels, each of which includes a frequency generator connected to a modulator, the information input of which is the input of a protected trunk cable, the output of each modulator is connected to the transmitter through a spectrum shaper . 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that in the submarine fiber optic cable the space between the fibers is filled with a hydrophobic compound, the metal tube is made of stainless steel or copper, a bitumen coating and a moisture-resistant sheath of twisted polypropylene yarn are applied to a single layer of round aluminum wires; submarine fiber optic cable. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that each converter is made in the form of a series-connected information transformer, an amplifier, a narrow-band filter unit, an information channel shaper, a transmitting antenna spectrum shaper, a pre-amplifier, a power amplifier with a power controller and a power transformer, output which is the output of the converter, and the input of the information transformer is the input of the converter, while the second inputs of the information transformer and the power transformer are connected to a current transformer, the output of which is grounding, while the optical fibers of each converter are connected to the corresponding receiving device, the output of which is connected through the correction unit to the input of the pre-amplifier and to the input of the transmitter transmitter. 6. The system according to claim. 5, characterized in that the block of narrow-band filters contains ten narrow-band filters. 7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that the block of information channel shapers is made in the form of ten information channel shapers, each of which contains the first amplifier, the output of which is through a series-connected integrated circuit, the first gate, the second amplifier is connected to the first input of the modulator, and through the second valve, the third amplifier and the clock pulse generator connected in series to the second input of the modulator, the output of the modulator is the output of the information channel shaper. 8. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that each current transformer of each converter is made in the form of a three-winding transformer, while the ends of the three windings are combined and are a "ground wire", which is connected to the first output of the current transformer and grounded to the ground. 9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the branch switch is made in the form of a converter with five contact switches, the output of each of which is connected to the corresponding branch converter.

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