WO2015087724A1 - Magnetic loop antenna and magnetic-field communication device using same - Google Patents

Abstract

[Purpose] The purpose of this invention is to inexpensively provide a magnetic loop antenna and a magnetic-field communication device using same that allow magnetic-field communication using magnetic-field signals with a desired bandwidth, from narrowband to wideband, at short-to-medium distances, from several centimeters to several kilometers, in an inductive channel consisting of air, a substance in which electromagnetic signals experience comparatively high propagation losses, seawater or fresh water having a salinity of 0-5%, or a combination thereof. [Solution] This magnetic loop antenna and magnetic-field communication device using same use magnetic-field signals that are inductively coupled by varying magnetic fields to implement wideband magnetic-field communication at short-to-medium distances in the abovementioned inductive channel while preventing the magnetic loop antenna from exhibiting severe mismatch loss due to radiation or reradiation of a displacement current.

Description

Magnetic wave antenna and magnetic wave communication device using the same

According to the present invention, the induced magnetic field signal (in the air, in a substance having a relatively large propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal, in fresh water or seawater with a salinity concentration of 0% to 5%, or in the induction path by a combination thereof Conducts Magnetic Field Induction Communication (hereinafter referred to as “magnetic wave communication”) using a magnetic field induction signal (hereinafter referred to as “magnetic wave signal”) between a short distance of several centimeters and an intermediate distance of several km. The present invention relates to a magnetic field induction antenna (hereinafter referred to as a magnetic wave antenna) and a magnetic field induction equipment (hereinafter referred to as a magnetic wave communication device).
The conventional inductive magnetic field communication is referred to as Near Field Communication (NFC), and the electromagnetic wave communication is referred to as Far Field Communication (FFC), whereas the magnetic wave communication of the present invention is an intermediate one of them. It is called Field Communication (MFC).

Heretofore, there have been proposed techniques for utilizing a system or loop antenna for communication using an induced magnetic field. (For example, Patent Documents 1 to 4)
WOA 12011145515 JP-A-10-215105 11-505395 JP 2004-96182 A

FIG. 12 shows an example of a magnetic wave antenna used in the conventional “magnetic wave antenna and magnetic wave communication device” described in Patent Document 1. In FIG. 12, the inductive magnetic field is directed to the outside by configuring the magnetic wave antenna with short loop antennas 600a and 600b, electric field shields 601a and 601b, impedance conversion transformers 603a and 603b, and impedance matching capacitors 604a and 604b as centers. It efficiently radiates and efficiently converts an external induction magnetic field into an electromotive force. However, in these configurations, the displacement current radiated from the short loop antenna can not be sufficiently suppressed, and a displacement current flows to Na + ions or CL − ions present in the periphery, causing an ohmic loss, and the displacement current changes in the displacement current. Acts to generate an eddy current, and further, an electric field shield provided on the outer periphery of the short loop antenna also generates an eddy current, attenuating the radiation of the required magnetic wave signal while referring to a magnetic wave antenna, and inductive coupling There are problems such as increased loss.

On the other hand, according to the "underground / underwater antenna" described in Patent Document 2, "electromagnetic waves are efficiently transmitted to the ground or water, or electromagnetic waves from the ground or water are efficiently received." Provide an antenna that can be
Moreover, according to the "near-field magnetic communication system" described in Patent Document 3, "the system and method for exchanging signals between the portable unit and the communication system. The portable device uses electromagnetic coupling. The base unit is further connected to a broader communication system, such as a telephone network, which achieves a more complete magnetic field and prevents parts where the mutual reactance is zero. In order to do this, a large number of transducers arranged orthogonally to one another are used, since otherwise parts with a mutual reactance of zero are present in the magnetic field. The electromagnetic coupling can also be used to recharge the battery in the portable device. There is a Rukoto can be. ".

Further, according to the "underwater or underground communication device" described in Patent Document 4, "a magnetic signal transmission method using a low frequency magnetic field as a transmission medium of a signal tends to be generally used. The magnetic field is a magnetic field with a frequency range of about 1 kHz to 10 kHz. ”Furthermore, in paragraph (0043),“ solenoid coil 2 2 and a series resonant circuit with this are formed. The capacitor C 1 is connected.

However, the "underground / underwater antenna" described in Patent Document 2 handles electromagnetic wave signals, and therefore, in seawater, the attenuation of the electromagnetic wave signals can not escape from the serious problem. The “near-field magnetic communication system” or “induction magnetic field transmission / reception antenna” described in is a system or transmission / reception antenna for performing communication using an induction magnetic field, but is intended for wireless communication in a short distance. It is not intended to realize wireless communication in an arbitrary band from narrow band to wide band between a short distance and a medium distance in a substance with a relatively large propagation loss of an electromagnetic wave signal. It is not a configuration or structure to realize.
Further, in Patent Document 4, since the solenoid coil 22 and the capacitor C1 are connected in series and in a resonant state, a displacement current is radiated to the outside, so that the attenuation of the magnetic field is rapid at a high frequency, and the frequency is The range is limited to about 1 kHz to 10 kHz.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and is in the atmosphere, in a substance having a relatively large propagation loss of an electromagnetic wave signal, in fresh water or seawater with a salinity concentration of 0% to 5%. Or any combination of these in a short distance of several cm to an intermediate distance of several km, in any frequency range from a few Hz or more to over 20 MHz, and any narrow bandwidth to wide bandwidth It is an object of the present invention to inexpensively provide a magnetic wave antenna that enables magnetic wave communication by or a combination thereof, and a magnetic wave communication device using the same.

The magnetic wave antenna and the magnetic wave communication apparatus using the same according to the present invention are in the atmosphere, in a substance having a relatively large propagation loss of an electromagnetic wave signal, in fresh water or seawater with a salinity concentration of 0% to 5%, or In the induction path by these combinations, using a magnetic wave signal inductively coupled by a fluctuating magnetic field, between a short distance and an intermediate distance, a narrow band at a low frequency range of several Hz or less to an arbitrary frequency range exceeding 20 MHz. To perform magnetic wave communication with an arbitrary bandwidth from the bandwidth to the broadband, and transmit and receive at least a broadband baseband signal whose frequency ratio between the lower limit and the upper limit of the bandwidth is 10 or more Or, it is possible to perform these alternately.

When Na + ions, CL-ions, or other conductive substances are present in the induction path, eddy current loss may increase depending on the path of magnetic lines of force intersecting between the opposing magnetic wave antennas, or geomagnetism and tsunami or As the eddy current loss increases due to the interaction with the early current flow, etc., or the combination of these increases the inductive coupling loss compared to the inductive coupling loss in the atmosphere, it responds to the fluctuation of the inductive coupling loss. Changing or switching the frequency of the magnetic wave signal, the signal system, the signal speed, the modulation / demodulation system, the path of intersecting magnetic lines of force, the communication route, the type of the magnetic wave antenna, the installation angle, the directivity, or a combination thereof Is required.

Further, the magnetic wave antenna drives at least a closed loop antenna for efficiently radiating the magnetic wave signal to the outside and a magnetic wave signal to the closed loop antenna, and receives an electromotive force induced by the magnetic wave signal. Alternatively, it comprises magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means for alternately performing these, and the closed loop antenna at least suppresses the electromagnetic wave signal or displacement current from being emitted to the outside during transmission, or reradiated to the outside during reception. In addition, it has a structure, configuration, shape, characteristics, or a combination thereof for efficiently radiating the magnetic wave signal to the outside or receiving the electromotive force.

Further, the magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means at least includes phase adjusting means, parasitic vibration suppressing means, transmission / reception switching means, magnetic wave signal oscillating means, induced electromotive force receiving means, or a combination thereof. By setting the inductive reactance and the capacitive reactance of the phase adjustment means in a non-resonant state or in a non-tuned state, the electromagnetic wave signal or the displacement current is suppressed from being radiated or re-radiated, and the magnetic wave Lower limit and upper limit of bandwidth from narrow band which suppresses the increase of VSWR of antenna in seawater and becomes mismatch and enables wide band characterization of the magnetic wave antenna and equivalent bandwidth is several Hz or less The base band signal of any bandwidth up to a wide band of 10 or more in frequency ratio is adaptively transmitted and received as a magnetic wave signal. And, or by performing these alternately, and makes it possible to force wave communication for any bandwidth from narrowband to wideband.

Further, in the configuration of the magnetic wave antenna, the material, the conductivity, the cross sectional area, the length, the configuration, or a combination thereof of the closed loop antenna is selected to improve the radiation efficiency of the magnetic wave signal radiated from the closed loop antenna. Selecting the configuration, the circuit, the components, the material, or the combination thereof of the magnetic wave signal transmission / reception means to suppress the electromagnetic wave signal or the displacement current from being radiated or reradiated to the outside, and the magnetic wave It suppresses that the VSWR of the antenna increases and becomes mismatched in seawater, improves the radiation efficiency of the magnetic wave signal, improves the reception efficiency of the magnetic wave signal, enables wide band, and at least in any frequency region By enabling magnetic wave communication with magnetic wave signals of arbitrary bandwidth, we will open up a wide range of applications of magnetic wave communication using the above-mentioned magnetic wave antenna. It becomes possible.

Conventionally, sound waves or ultrasonic waves are used exclusively for communication in seawater, induction magnetic fields at short distances are used, and it is customary to use electromagnetic wave signals in an extremely low frequency band of 100 kHz or less, and, further, It is a well-known theory that even an electromagnetic wave signal of very low frequency band below 100 kHz can not be radiated to the outside from seawater.
In the magnetic wave antenna of the present invention and the magnetic wave communication apparatus using the same, any frequency over a low frequency region of several Hz or less and over 20 MHz in the induction path by the atmosphere, fresh water, seawater, or a combination thereof In the region, magnetic wave communication can be performed with a baseband signal of any bandwidth from narrow band to wide band between a short distance of a few cm and a middle distance of a few km by inductive coupling by variable magnetic fields between magnetic wave antennas. Lower limit and upper limit of the narrow band which can be emitted from seawater, instead of the conventional sound wave or ultrasonic wave, the induction magnetic field at a short distance, or the electromagnetic wave signal, and the equivalent bandwidth is several Hz or less There is an advantage that a communication means having an arbitrary bandwidth up to a wide band of 10 times or more can be realized inexpensively.

Configuration of magnetic wave antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention Another configuration diagram of the magnetic wave antenna in the first embodiment of the present invention Configuration diagram of magnetic wave signal transmission / reception means in the first embodiment of the present invention Configuration diagram of magnetic wave signal oscillation means in the first embodiment of the present invention Another block diagram of the magnetic wave signal oscillating means in the first embodiment of the present invention Configuration diagram of the induced electromotive force receiving means in the first embodiment of the present invention Another configuration diagram of the magnetic wave antenna in the first embodiment of the present invention Another configuration diagram of the magnetic wave antenna in the first embodiment of the present invention Another configuration diagram of the magnetic wave antenna in the first embodiment of the present invention Characteristic example of inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna in the first embodiment of the present invention Characteristic example of inductive coupling loss in seawater of magnetic wave signal in the first embodiment of the present invention Configuration of magnetic wave antenna according to prior art

Embodiment 1
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a magnetic wave antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein 605 is an electromagnetic field shield (a sectional view and a side view are shown), 700 is a closed loop antenna, and 708 is a magnetic wave signal transmitter / receiver. 709 is a baseband signal transmission / reception means, and 718 is a detuning suppression means (showing a cross sectional view and a side view).
In FIG. 1, while suppressing the electromagnetic wave signal radiated to the outside at the time of transmission from the said closed loop antenna 700 or reemitted to the outside at the time of reception, the magnetic wave signal is efficiently radiated to the outside or the efficiency from the received magnetic wave signal. Often induces an induced electromotive force.

On the other hand, the magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means 708 directly amplifies the base band signal generated by the base band signal transmitting / receiving means 709 or modulates and amplifies the carrier to drive the closed loop antenna 700 or the closed loop antenna The induced electromotive force induced at 700 is directly amplified or detected / demodulated and amplified, and input as a baseband signal to the baseband signal transmitting / receiving means.
Further, the closed loop antenna is housed inside the detuning suppression means 718 to suppress detuning by direct contact with seawater etc. present in the peripheral portion, and the magnetic wave signal transmission / reception means 708 is an electromagnetic wave. It is housed in an electromagnetic shield to suppress the emission or re-emission of the signal.

The baseband signal output from the baseband signal transmission / reception means 709 is a wide band having an equivalent bandwidth of a few Hz or less and a wide frequency ratio of the lowest frequency to the highest frequency of 10 or more in the band. Signals of any bandwidth up to, for example, 0.3 kHz to 3 kHz wide band analog audio signals, pulse width modulated (PWM) digital audio signals, band-compressed or encoded wide band A digital audio signal, a spread spectrum code, a band-compressed image signal, a baseband signal as it is, a baseband signal modulated by a carrier wave or a subcarrier, or any combination including a combination thereof Bandwidth signals are transmitted, received, or alternated.

Also, although the closed loop antenna shown in FIG. 1 is described using a single closed loop antenna, instead, a plurality of closed loop antennas are isolated from each other, separated at intervals, and meshed. Arranged, discrete lengths, discrete shapes, discrete angles, discrete distances, interdigitated with one another to form a coaxial cable, relatively low conductive reactance, If the impedance is relatively low impedance, connected in series, connected in parallel, or a combination thereof, and the plurality of closed loop antennas are connected in parallel, impedance of one set of the closed loop antennas Since the inductive reactance is n-fold without changing the number of turns, the closed loop ante Benefits of magnetic wave signals radiated becomes n times from is obtained.

In addition, it is a metal material, a conductive material, a magnetic material, and a material that generates an eddy current, which exists in the periphery of the magnetic wave signal radiated from the closed loop antenna or in the induction path, and is a conductive material. Alternatively, in the case of a hull structure, a plate-like object, a planar object, or a combination thereof by the combination thereof, the direction of the magnetic force line emitted from the closed loop antenna is the plane portion of the combination. And should be close to horizontal or parallel, not vertical.

FIG. 2 shows another configuration of the magnetic wave antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein 605 is an electromagnetic field shield (cross sectional view), 700 is a closed loop antenna, 707 is a magnetic substance, and 708 is a magnetic wave signal. Transmission / reception means 709 is a baseband signal transmission / reception means, and 718 is a detuning suppression means.
Here, the closed loop antenna 700 is provided close to the magnetic body, such as the outer periphery of the magnetic body 707 having a shape capable of efficiently radiating the magnetic wave signal to the outside, so that the radiation or re-radiation of the electromagnetic wave signal can be suppressed. It is a characteristic, and it is assumed that the phase adjustment means in the magnetic wave signal transmission / reception means 708 is connected with non-tuning or non-resonance including stray capacitance.

In addition, the closed loop antenna is a single-turn or multi-turn solenoid coil provided in close proximity to a magnetic body, and is a structure, structure, and characteristic that suppresses radiation or re-radiation of displacement current. , A structure, a characteristic, or a combination thereof.
In addition, the magnetic body is at least a bar, a polygon, and a plurality, and the plurality of magnetic bodies are arranged in a cross shape and arranged in a mesh, and the solenoid coil is at least a single layer wound. A multi-layer winding, a polyfilar winding, or a combination thereof.

In addition, a plurality of sets of the closed loop antennas are provided, and the plurality of sets are arranged at intervals, arranged in a mesh, connected in series, connected in parallel, oscillated in phase, or a combination thereof. Thus, it is possible to realize a closed loop antenna with good radiation efficiency of the magnetic wave signal.
Further, the closed loop antenna is used for a mobile terminal, a portable terminal, or a small RFID tag, and is housed inside the detuning suppressing means 718, and in the case of a particularly small size, the outer peripheral portion is coated with an insulator.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means in the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein 605 is an electromagnetic field shield (shown in cross section), 704 is a phase adjusting means, 705 is a parasitic vibration suppressing means, 706 Reference numeral 708 is a magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means, 710 is a magnetic wave signal oscillating means, 711 is an induced electromotive force receiving means, 712a, 712b are closed loop antenna connection terminals, 713a are baseband signal transmitter connection terminals, 713b Is a baseband signal receiver connection terminal.

When the closed loop antenna 700 is connected to the closed loop antenna connection terminals 712a and 712b, a parasitic vibration suppressing means 705 is connected in parallel with the closed loop antenna to damp the closed loop antenna and suppress unnecessary parasitic vibration.
Next, a phase adjusting means 704 is connected in series with the closed loop antenna to adjust the phase of the transmitted or received magnetic wave signal to improve the radiation efficiency of the magnetic wave signal or to increase the induced electromotive force, etc. Although it becomes possible, when the capacitive reactance of the phase adjustment means including the stray capacitance and the inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna are brought into resonance or in a tuned state, displacement current is radiated or reradiated from the closed loop antenna. Since ohmic losses and eddy currents occur in seawater, which causes an increase in inductive coupling loss and a mismatch, it is essential to make both of them non-resonant or non-synchronous.

Here, the closed loop antenna 700 is an inductive load in a wide range of frequencies, and as illustrated in FIG. 10, when the total length of the closed loop antenna 700 is 50 cm, the series resistance is in the range of 1 MHz to 15 MHz. Since the inductive reactance changes in the range of 3Ω to 32Ω while it is 1Ω or less (not shown), connecting the transmission output terminal of the existing communication device directly to the closed loop antenna is sufficient for the closed loop antenna. It is difficult to oscillate various inductive currents, and problems such as damage to the transmission output stage occur.

According to the conventional design theory, when a communication device is connected to the closed loop antenna, a capacitor resonating with the inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna is connected in series or in parallel for resonance, and via an impedance conversion transformer or the like. It is configured to match the series resistance of the closed loop antenna with the output resistance of the communication device and to supply the output power of the communication device to the closed loop antenna with minimal loss, of the power supplied to the closed loop antenna Most are radiated or re-radiated as electromagnetic signals or displacement currents.

As described above, when the inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna and the capacitive reactance of the capacitor are resonated or tuned, and the closed loop antenna is submerged in seawater, the emitted electromagnetic wave signal becomes Na + ions in seawater or A displacement current is passed through CL- ions etc., causing ohmic loss and attenuation, and attenuation by eddy current loss caused by the displacement current, and furthermore, the radiation impedance of the closed loop antenna is reduced due to the ohmic loss and eddy current loss. This is the reason why it can not be transmitted from seawater even with electromagnetic waves of 100 kHz or more, as well as electromagnetic waves of 100 kHz or more, which are largely changed and attenuated in a mismatch state.

Therefore, in order to confirm that the cause of attenuation of the electromagnetic wave signal in seawater is mainly due to radiation or re-radiation of displacement current, 10 insulated copper wires with an outer diameter of 1 mmφ are twisted and bundled, A closed loop antenna with a total length of about 50 cm is prototyped for one on the transmitting side and one on the receiving side, and (1) both tuning circuits and matching circuits are provided for tuning, and (2) both tuning circuits and matching circuits In the non-resonant, non-tuned state without using the antenna, the antenna, the transmitter, and the battery are included in the waterproof case on the transmitting side, and the antenna output is converted to low impedance by the voltage follower on the receiving side and then coaxial cable In a small pool that is pulled out and stored in a separate waterproof case and filled with 5% saline solution, the closed loop on the transmit side and the receive side Measurement was carried out of the inductive coupling loss between antenna.

In the measurement of the inductive coupling loss, on the transmission side, the transmission frequency is 3.5 MHz, and the peristaltic voltage is 1 V (rms), and the transmission power of the closed loop antenna is perturbed. When an analyzer is connected, and the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas is about 40 cm, and (1) both are in the synchronized state, the propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal gradually increases in the atmosphere. On the other hand, when both waterproof cases are in salt water, the propagation loss increases sharply and becomes completely insensitive, whereas (2) both become non-resonant and incoherent, both It has been confirmed that there is no change in inductive coupling loss in the air, particularly when the waterproof case in the air is in the air, or when both waterproof cases are submerged in the salt water, and particularly, no mismatch occurs on the transmission side. .
From the above results, the inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna and the capacitive reactance of the phase adjustment means including the stray capacitance are made non-resonant or untuned, and the absolute value of the latter is 0% to 95% of the absolute value of the former. By setting the detuning to a certain degree, it is possible to suppress the displacement current from being radiated or reradiated to the outside, and it is possible to suppress the VSWR of the closed loop antenna from increasing significantly in seawater, and the radiation of the magnetic wave signal Efficiency can be improved.

Therefore, the magnetic wave antenna on the transmission side and the reception side is an air core, and the capacitive reactance of the phase adjustment means on both the transmission side and the reception side is set to 0 Ω as much as possible, and the magnetic wave antenna on the transmission side and the reception side In the non-resonant state or the untuned state, as an example, the reception input output from the reception side magnetic wave antenna vertically opposed to the transmission side magnetic wave antenna is calculated according to the following procedure.
When the magnetic wave antenna on the transmission side is in non-resonance or out of phase, and the ac voltage of EtSin ωt is oscillated, the current (It) flowing to the magnetic wave antenna ignores the series resistance, It = (Et / ωL) It becomes Sin (ωt-π / 2).

When the magnetic wave antenna is a parallelogram, the variation dH / dt of the magnetic field at a point separated by a distance R (m) is assumed from the Ampere's law, assuming that the length of the opposite side is infinite.
(dH / dt) = [{1 / (2π (RD / 2))}-{1 / (2π (R + D / 2))}] (N1 * dIt / dt) = [D / (2πR ^ 2) )] (N1 * Et / L) Cos (ωt-π / 2)-(1)
It becomes. Here, D = distance between opposing sides of parallelogram magnetic wave antenna, N 1 = number of turns of transmitting magnetic wave antenna, R = distance between opposing magnetic wave antennas, ω = 2πf is angle of magnetic wave signal Frequency, L = inductance of transmitting magnetic wave antenna, Et = peristaltic voltage, R >> D

On the other hand, the electromotive force (Er) induced in the magnetic wave antenna on the opposite side of the receiving side is calculated according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
Er = [μ (Et / L) (N1 * N2 * D * S2 / 2πR ^ 2)] Cos (ωt-π / 2)-(2)
It becomes. Here, N2 = the number of turns of the magnetic wave antenna on the receiving side, and S2 = the area of the magnetic wave antenna on the receiving side.
Substituting L = A * N1 ^ 2 * D ^ 2 into the above equation (2), and transforming the electromotive force by a voltage follower whose gain is (Gr),
GrEr = [GrμEt (N1 * N2 * D * S2 / A * N1 ^ 2D1 ^ 2) / 2πR ^ 2] Cos (ωt-π / 2)-(3)
Is output from the voltage follower. Here, it is assumed that A = 1.94 * 10 ^ -6 and μ = 4π * 10 ^ -7.

When the output impedance of the voltage follower is set sufficiently small compared to the input impedance 50Ω of the receiver, and the output voltage from the voltage follower is received by the receiver with an input impedance of 50Ω, the reception input (Pr) is
Pr = {[GrμEt (N2 * S2 / A * N1 * D) / 2πR ^ 2] ^ 2/50}-(4)
It becomes.
From the above equation (4), the reception input (Pr) decreases at a rate of 12 dB / oct in inverse proportion to the fourth power of the distance between the opposing magnetic wave antennas in the vertical direction, but is related to the frequency of the magnetic wave signal It is possible to use a constant value, wide band magnetic wave communication, and directly radiate or modulate a carrier wave as a magnetic wave signal including a baseband signal of any bandwidth from narrow band to wide band. We show that it is possible, and confirm it also by the communication experiment using a trial production set.

For example, the frequency of the magnetic wave signal is 1 kHz, and both the transmitting and receiving closed loop antennas are square with one side of 1 m, are 50 turns, are air cores and have an inductive reactance of about 30 Ω. Assuming that the inductance is about 5 mH, the peristaltic voltage on the transmission side is 100 Vrms, and Gr ≒ 1, the distance between the transmitting and receiving closed loop antennas is 10 m. If Pr) is obtained, Pr ≒ -36dBW = -6dBm, -6dBm at R = 10m, -46dBm at R = 100m, -86dBm at R = 1000m, and mutual communication is possible within a radius of 1000m. .
However, when the transmitting and receiving antennas face each other in the vertical direction, the path length of the magnetic lines of force intersecting each other becomes rapidly longer as the distance increases, and the inductive coupling loss due to the eddy current rapidly increases. There is a problem that the receiving input drops sharply, and the increase of the inductive coupling loss is more remarkable as the frequency of the magnetic wave signal becomes higher, and there is a limit to increase the frequency of the magnetic wave signal. .

Further, when the inductive reactance and the capacitive reactance of the phase adjustment means including the stray capacitance are formed in the non-resonant or out-of-tune state formed around the magnetic wave antenna magnetic body, the receiving side facing in the vertical direction is Receive input (Pr) is
Pr = {[GrμEt (μe2 * N2 * S2 / A * μe1 * N1 * S1) / 2πR ^ 2] ^ 2 / (50)}-(5)
It will be. Here, S1 = the area of the transmission side magnetic wave antenna.
On the other hand, when the transmitting side magnetic wave antenna and the receiving side magnetic wave antenna are horizontally opposed, the receiving input (Pr) is:
Pr = {[GrμEt (μe2 * S2 * N2 / A * μe1 * N1 * S1) / 2πR ^ 3)] ^ 2 / (50)}-(6)
It will be.

From the above equation (6), the reception input (Pr) decreases at a rate of 18 dB / oct in inverse proportion to the sixth power of the distance between the horizontally opposed magnetic wave antennas, but Since the path length is the same as the distance between the magnetic wave antennas and generation of eddy current is suppressed, there is a merit that the inductive coupling loss does not increase rapidly as the distance increases. Is advantageous for long distance communication.
Further, the effective permeability of the magnetic body at reception or reception of the closed loop antenna is larger than the effective permeability of the magnetic body at transmission or transmission side, and the number of turns at reception or reception of the closed loop antenna is transmission or transmission The area of receiving or receiving side of the closed loop antenna is larger than the number of turns on the side, and the distance between the two opposing sides of receiving or receiving side of the closed loop antenna is the time of transmitting or transmitting side A longer distance between the two opposing sides of the pair, or a combination thereof, provides the advantage of expanding the communicable area.

When a plurality of receiving side magnetic wave antennas are opposed to a single transmitting side magnetic wave antenna, a part of the plurality of receiving side magnetic wave antennas are perpendicular to the single transmission side magnetic wave antenna. Opposite to the direction, the rest of the plurality of receiving side magnetic wave antennas are horizontally opposed to the single transmitting side magnetic wave antenna, so that the communicable area can be expanded.
Further, even when a plurality of transmission side magnetic wave antennas are opposed to a single reception side magnetic wave antenna, a part of the plurality of transmission side magnetic wave antennas is the single reception side magnetic wave antenna And the other of the plurality of transmission side magnetic wave antennas are horizontally opposed to the single reception side magnetic wave antenna, the merit that the communicable area can be expanded can be obtained.
In addition, when the magnetic wave antenna is facing the other magnetic wave antenna, an eddy current can be provided by arranging a nonmagnetic metal plate such as an aluminum plate as a reflection plate on the opposite side of the facing direction. A directional antenna can be realized by reflecting magnetic lines of force emitted in the opposite direction from the magnetic wave antenna.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the magnetic wave signal pulsating means in the first embodiment of the present invention, and 710 is a magnetic wave signal pulsating means, 714b is a transmission / reception switching connection terminal, 715a (buffer amplification), 715b (phase) Inverse amplification) is a power amplification means, 713a is a baseband signal connection terminal, and at least a push-pull amplifier, a half bridge type amplifier circuit, a full bridge type amplifier circuit, etc. are configured as a whole.
Here, a MOSFET type transistor is used as the power amplification means, which is balanced, relatively low in distortion, low in output impedance, or made high in the closed loop antenna by making the power supply voltage high. It can be driven without breaking the current.
Further, the power amplification means includes a function of modulating, encoding, spectrum spreading, or a combination of these by modulating the carrier according to the input baseband signal.
In the case of directly driving a commercial power supply, the power amplification means can be omitted, which is inexpensive and economical.

FIG. 5 is another configuration diagram of the magnetic wave signal pulsating means in the first embodiment of the present invention, and 710 is a magnetic wave signal pulsating means, 714b is a transmission / reception switching connection terminal, and 715a and 715b are power amplifying means. , 716a and 716b are transmission line transformers or transmission line-like transformers, and 713a are baseband signal connection terminals, and collectively constitute a push-pull amplifier, a half bridge type amplifier circuit, a full bridge type amplifier circuit or the like.

Here, a MOSFET type transistor is used as the power amplification means, balanced type, low distortion, low output impedance, a transmission line transformer on the output side or a transmission line transformer 716b as a boost transformer, and a power supply voltage of high voltage It is possible to drive the closed loop antenna without damaging a large induced current, a conduction current or a magnetic wave signal by using a large capacity MOSFET transistor or a combination thereof, and the reception of the formula (4) The input Pr can be increased.
Alternatively, a large magnetic wave current can be directly oscillated by replacing the output side winding of the transmission line transformer 716b with a closed loop antenna.
Further, the power amplification means includes a function of directly amplifying the input baseband signal, or modulating a carrier wave, encoding, spectrum spreading, or performing amplification after performing a combination of these. .
When the commercial power source is directly driven, the power amplification means can be omitted, which is inexpensive and economical.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an induced electromotive force receiving unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 711 is an induced electromotive force receiving unit, 713b is a baseband signal connection terminal, 714c is a transmission / reception switching connection terminal, and 716c is a transmission Line transformers or transmission line like transformers 717 are low noise amplification means including impedance conversion means such as voltage followers.
When the induced electromotive force from the magnetic wave antenna is switched to the induced electromotive force receiving means, it is boosted by the transmission line transformer or transmission line transformer 716c, impedance converted by the voltage follower, amplified by the low noise amplification means, and detected. The signal is demodulated, decoded or a combination thereof, amplified to a required level, and sent as a baseband signal to the baseband signal transmitting / receiving means of the next stage.

Here, when the parasitic vibration is generated by the magnetic wave antenna, the parasitic vibration is generated by the transmission line transformer or the transmission line transformer, the parasitic vibration is generated by the low noise amplification means, or the parasitic vibration is generated by a combination thereof. It is necessary to add parasitic vibration suppression means to the closed loop antenna, the transformer, the low noise amplification means, or a combination thereof.
Further, since the thermal noise generated from the magnetic wave antenna is caused by a series resistance and is not generated from the inductive reactance, the thermal noise output from the voltage follower is obtained by performing the impedance conversion by the voltage follower. , Due to the series resistance.

Further, since thermal noise due to the transmission line transformer or the transmission line-like transformer is added to the thermal noise output from the voltage follower and a stray capacitance is added inside to cause a resonance state, at least the effective permeability However, it is necessary to use a high toroidal core to reduce the number of turns of the transmission line transformer or the transmission line transformer and to reduce the thermal noise and stray capacitance.
Further, instead of using the transmission line transformer or the transmission line transformer, the number of turns of the magnetic wave antenna at the time of receiving or receiving side is increased, the effective relative permeability of the magnetic body is increased, and the area is enlarged. Similar effects can be obtained by combining them.
In addition, when the frequency of the magnetic wave signal exceeds 1 MHz, the thermal noise and stray capacitance are reduced for an electronic / mechanical component, an electronic circuit, a configuration, a structure, or a combination thereof including the magnetic wave antenna. It is necessary to take measures to

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 1, using a magnetic wave signal inductively coupled by a fluctuating magnetic field, the salt concentration is 0% in the atmosphere, in a substance having a relatively large propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal. In a magnetic wave antenna and a magnetic wave communication apparatus using the same, which enables wireless communication between a short distance and a middle distance in a guidance route by up to 5% in fresh water or seawater, or a combination thereof The magnetic wave antenna comprises at least a closed loop antenna and magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means,

A structure and configuration for at least suppressing the radiation of the electromagnetic wave signal to the outside during transmission or the re-radiation to the outside during reception and suppressing the electromagnetic wave signal to be efficiently radiated to the outside or received from the outside. , Shape, characteristics, or a combination of these,
The magnetic wave signal transmission / reception means at least includes phase adjustment means, parasitic vibration suppression means, transmission / reception switching means, magnetic wave signal oscillation means, induced electromotive force reception means, or a combination thereof.
The phase adjustment means includes a capacitive reactance due to stray capacitance in addition to its own capacitive reactance,

The radiation or re-radiation of the electromagnetic wave signal is suppressed by setting the inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna and the capacitive reactance of the phase adjustment means including the stray capacitance in a non-resonance state or in a non-tuning state, and A baseband signal of an arbitrary bandwidth from a narrow band having a bandwidth of several Hz or less to a wide band having a frequency ratio of the lower limit to the upper limit of 10 or more, enabling the widening of the magnetic wave antenna The magnetic wave communication between the short distance and the middle distance is enabled by transmitting, receiving, or alternately performing them as a magnetic wave signal including H.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 2, the magnetic wave antenna and the magnetic wave communication device using the same comprise at least a closed loop antenna and a magnetic wave signal transmitting means, and the closed loop antenna Has at least a structure, a configuration, a shape, a characteristic, or a combination thereof for efficiently radiating a magnetic wave signal to the outside, and the magnetic wave signal transmission means includes at least a phase adjusting means, parasitic vibration suppression Means, magnetic wave signal oscillation means, or a combination thereof, wherein the phase adjustment means includes, in addition to its own capacitive reactance, a capacitive reactance due to stray capacitance, and an inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna, By setting the capacitive reactance of the phase adjustment means including the stray capacitance to a non-resonant state or a non-tuned state, By suppressing the displacement current radiated from the closed loop antenna, and suppressing the mismatch between the closed loop antenna based on the ohmic loss and eddy current loss caused by the displacement current around the closed loop antenna, in the induction path The magnetic wave signal can be efficiently radiated to the outside in an arbitrary frequency range from a few Hz or more to more than 20 MHz.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 3, the absolute value of the capacitive reactance of the phase adjustment means including the stray capacitance is 0% to 95% of the absolute value of the inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna. By setting it in the range of (1), significant mismatch of the closed loop antenna occurring in seawater is suppressed, and the gain and band characteristics of the magnetic wave antenna are adjusted.
In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 4, the baseband signal is an analog audio signal of 0.3 kHz to 3 kHz and is a pulse width modulated (PWM) digital audio signal, and is analyzed It is a digital voice signal band-compressed to 0.6 kbps to 4.8 kbps by a synthetic coding algorithm, a digital voice signal by another coding algorithm, or a combination thereof, and the magnetic wave signal oscillation Direct amplification by means, modulating and amplifying the carrier wave, or a combination of these to drive the closed loop antenna.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 5, the magnetic wave signal oscillating means is at least a phase adjusting means, a transmission line transformer or a transmission line like transformer, a push-pull amplification means, a half bridge type power Amplification means, full bridge power amplification means, DC-AC conversion means, AC-AC conversion means, analog signal amplification means, low output impedance amplification means, reactive current oscillation means, modulation means, encoding means, or combinations thereof including.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 6, the magnetic wave signal is directly oscillated by replacing the output transformer of the magnetic wave signal amplification means with the closed loop antenna.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 7, the induced electromotive force receiving means comprises at least a phase adjusting means, a transmission line transformer or a transmission line like transformer, an impedance converting means, a low noise amplification means, an intermediate It includes frequency amplification means, detection / demodulation means, decoding means, phase equalization means, or a combination of these.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 8, the input impedance of the impedance conversion means is larger than the output impedance of the closed loop antenna, and the input impedance of the impedance conversion means is the transmission line transformer or transmission line The output impedance of the impedance conversion means is larger than the output impedance of the transformer, the output impedance of the low impedance amplifier is smaller than the input impedance of the receiver, or a combination thereof.

Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 9, in the induction path by the combination, the series resistance of the closed loop antenna changes, the inductive reactance changes, and the electrical characteristics change, and VSWR In order to suppress the change in the radiation efficiency, or the change in the combination thereof, the closed loop antenna is housed inside the detuning suppression means, a magnetic loop antenna, and a shield loop antenna, In particular, in the case of small size, it is coated with an insulator or a combination thereof.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 10, the parasitic vibration suppressing means, the closed loop antenna, the phase adjusting means, the output terminal of the magnetic wave signal oscillating means, and the induction Unnecessary parasitic vibration can be obtained by connecting in parallel or in series the input connection terminal of the power reception means, the input connection terminal of the impedance conversion means, the transmission line transformer or transmission line transformer, or a combination thereof. Suppress.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 11, the magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means, the baseband signal transmitting / receiving means, or both of them are at least inductively coupled in the induction path with the magnetic wave signal. And an inductive coupling loss detection means for predicting, detecting, suppressing, or a combination of these.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 12, the inductive coupling loss detection means detects a change in inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna and detects the conductivity of seawater around the closed loop antenna. The change in inductive coupling loss is detected by detecting the ion concentration of seawater around the closed loop antenna, detecting communication quality in the induction path, or detecting a combination thereof.

Also, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 13, a plurality of sets of the closed loop antennas are provided, at least insulated from each other, twisted between each other, of individual lengths, individual The plurality of closed loop antennas are connected in parallel, connected in series, connected in a transmission line, or the like, which is a shape, an individual angle, an individual interval, or a combination thereof. It connects by the combination of these.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 14, a magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means is connected to each set of the plurality of closed loop antennas to form a plurality of sets of input / output terminals, at least the plurality of sets The input / output terminals of are connected in parallel, connected to oscillate in phase, connected to drive in reverse phase, connected via power combining / distributing means, and connected via damping / amplifying means, By connecting via phase shift means, or by combining them in combination, the required low impedance characteristics, the required directivity, the required directional beam width, the required frequency region, the required band Implement the width, the required gain, or a combination of these.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 15, it is a conductive substance, a magnetic substance, a substance that generates an eddy current, which exists in or around the induction path, Alternatively, the substance is a combination of these materials, and when the substance is planar or plate-like, the closed loop antenna emits magnetic lines of force in the horizontal or parallel direction toward the substance, and when the substance is liquid, The magnetic field lines are emitted from the closed loop antenna to the opposing closed loop antenna so as to cross the magnetic field lines at the shortest possible distance, or the magnetic field lines are emitted by a combination thereof.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 16, the closed loop antenna is a single-turn or multi-turn solenoid coil provided close to a magnetic body, and radiation or re-emission of displacement current Is a structure that suppresses, is a configuration, is a characteristic, or a combination thereof, and is a structure that efficiently radiates a fluctuating magnetic field, is a configuration, is a characteristic, or a combination thereof.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 17, the magnetic body is at least a rod-like, polygonal, hollow inside, is constituted by a plurality, and the plurality is a cross. Or a combination thereof, and the solenoid coil is at least a single-layer winding, a multi-layer winding, a polyfilar winding, a litz wire, or a combination thereof.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 and claim 18, a part or all of the magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means is accommodated in a hollow portion inside the magnetic body, and the closed loop antenna is outside the magnetic body. Alternatively, it is provided close to the outer peripheral portion.

FIG. 7 shows another configuration of the magnetic wave antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein 605 is an electromagnetic field shield (a cross sectional view), 610 is a phase shifting means, 607 is an input / output connector 700a to 700d. Is a closed loop antenna, and 701 is a radome including detuning suppression means.
Here, the plurality of sets of closed loop antennas 700a to 700d are arranged at each set individual angle (in the figure, orthogonal to each other), and connected to the input / output connector 607 via the phase shift means 610 for each set. To construct a rotating magnetic wave antenna.
Further, the radome 701 including the detuning suppression means has at least a material and a structure for efficiently transmitting, without attenuating the magnetic wave signal radiated in the vertical direction from the closed loop antennas 700a to 700d.

Further, although the closed loop antennas 700a to 700d are installed vertically to the radome 701, the same effect can be obtained even if installed horizontally or at any angle.
By radiating a magnetic wave signal in which the magnetic wave antenna rotates to the right or to the left, Na + ions or CL-ions present in the induction path, a trace amount of metal ions, free electrons, or a combination thereof are emitted. It is expected to mitigate the increase in inductive coupling losses caused and to reliably detect conductive objects which cause eddy current losses by means of said magnetic wave signal.
Also, as shown in FIG. 7 and claim 19, the plurality of sets of closed loop antennas are connected to the phase shift means for each set, and at least through the radome covering the plurality of sets of closed loop antennas. It efficiently radiates the wave signal to the outside.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7 and claim 20, the plurality of sets of closed loop antennas are disposed vertically to the radome, horizontally to the radome, and conical or reverse to the radome. Arranged conically or by a combination thereof, and controlling the directional beam width of the plurality of closed loop antennas, controlling the direction of the directional beam, controlling the radiation angle of the directional beam Or, a rotary magnetic wave antenna is realized which adaptively controls these combinations.
Further, as shown in FIG. 7 and claim 21, the rotational magnetic wave signal emitted from the closed loop antenna is reflected by the conductive object present in the induction path to generate an eddy current, and the reflected reverse is generated. By receiving the rotating rotational magnetic wave signal, the conductive object present in the induction path is detected.
Further, as shown in FIG. 7 and claim 22, a plurality of sets of closed loop antennas for radiating the rotary magnetic wave signal and a plurality of sets of closed loop antennas for receiving the counter-rotating magnetic wave signal are provided. Set up in the same direction at intervals.

FIG. 8 shows another configuration of the magnetic wave antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein 700a to 700f are closed loop antennas, 701 is a radome including detuning suppression means, and 708a to 708f are magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means ( Not shown).
Here, the plurality of sets of closed loop antennas 700a to 700f are arranged in an array form isolated from each other, and at least the magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving hand 708a to 708f is connected for each set, and power combining / distributing means is provided. Connect, connect attenuation / amplification means, connect phase shift means, or connect a combination of them to construct an adaptive array antenna, and obtain required directivity, required directivity beam width, required The required frequency range, the required bandwidth, the required antenna gain, or a combination of these may be realized.

Further, although the closed loop antennas 700a to 700f are installed horizontally to the radome 701, the same effect can be obtained even if installed vertically or at an arbitrary angle.
Further, as shown in FIG. 8 and claim 23, the plurality of sets of closed loop antennas are arranged in the vertical direction, the horizontal direction, or a combination thereof with respect to the radome, and at least a magnetic wave signal for each set. Connect transmitting / receiving means, connect power combining / distributing means, connect attenuation / amplifying means, connect phase shifting means, or connect a combination of these, and directivity of the plural sets of closed loop antennas A magnetic wave adaptive array antenna is realized which controls the beam width, controls the direction of the directional beam, controls the radiation angle of the directional beam, or controls the combination of these beams to be adaptive.
Further, as shown in FIG. 8 and claim 24, the plurality of sets of closed loop antennas are installed in an array in accordance with the shape of a moving body that travels in the sea or dives in seawater.

FIG. 9 shows another configuration of the magnetic wave antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein 700a to 700c are closed loop antennas, 708a to 708c are magnetic wave transmitting / receiving means (not shown), and 709a to 709c are basebands. Signal transmitting and receiving means (not shown 9, 605a to 605c are electromagnetic field shields (not shown), and 718a to 718c are detuning suppressing means.
Here, the closed loop antenna 700a and the closed loop antennas 700b and 700c are horizontally opposed to each other, and when the distance between them changes, the reception input to the magnetic wave transmitting / receiving means 700a to 700c is 12 dB / oct. Change at the rate of

On the other hand, the closed loop antenna 700b and the closed loop antenna 700c vertically face each other, and when the distance between them changes, the reception input to the magnetic wave transmitting / receiving means 700b to 700c is 18 dB / oct. Change.

For example, when the closed loop antenna 700a is mounted on a mobile station on the ocean, and the closed loop antennas 700b and 700c are carried or mounted as a plurality of mobile stations in seawater, the mobile stations on the ocean and a plurality of movements in seawater are provided. Although the distance to the station is extended to several kilometers, since the closed loop antennas face vertically in the multiple mobile stations in seawater, the path length of the magnetic field lines inductively coupled to each other becomes rapid as the distance increases. This is because the eddy current loss is increased, and the communicable distance is limited to several hundred meters, so care must be taken when constructing the system.

FIG. 10 shows an example of the characteristic of inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna in the first embodiment of the present invention.
Here, it is the value of inductive reactance measured by changing the frequency using a closed loop antenna with a total length of 50 cm, by bundling 10 insulated copper wires with an outer diameter of 1 mmφ, and the inductive reactance is approximately equal to the increase in frequency. It turns out that it is increasing proportionally.
According to the conventional design theory, in order to efficiently radiate an electromagnetic wave signal from the closed loop antenna, a resonant circuit using a tuning capacitor is provided, and the inductive reactance is resonated to provide a matching circuit for connection to a communication device. Was taken.

According to the conventional method, a displacement current flows through the closed loop antenna, and a displacement current is emitted to the outside or is reradiated to the outside, so that an ohmic loss is generated by Na + ions or CL − ions in seawater, Eddy current loss occurs, and the propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal between the antennas increases due to the ohmic loss and the eddy current loss, the tuning and matching of the antenna is broken, the VSWR becomes large, and the large matching loss occurs. There is.
In the present invention, as a method for solving the above-mentioned problems, the inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna and the capacitive reactance of the phase adjustment means are not resonated but kept non-resonant, and the inductive load current to the closed loop antenna is Is directly driven to suppress displacement current radiated or re-radiated from the closed loop antenna to an allowable value or less.

FIG. 11 shows a characteristic example of the inductive coupling loss of the magnetic wave signal in the first embodiment of the present invention. Here, when the propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal in the atmosphere and the inductive coupling loss of the magnetic wave signal in the air or seawater are compared, the propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal in the atmosphere is 6 dB / oct in proportion to the square of the distance. The inductive coupling loss of the magnetic wave signal is 12 dB in proportion to the fourth power of the distance when the transmitting side magnetic wave antenna and the receiving side magnetic wave antenna are vertically opposed to each other. In this case, it increases by / oct or 18 dB / oct in proportion to the sixth power of the distance when the transmitting side magnetic wave antenna and the receiving side magnetic wave antenna face each other in the horizontal direction. It can be seen that the increase in propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal is gradual, which is advantageous for long distance communication.

On the other hand, comparing the propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal in seawater with the inductive coupling loss of the magnetic wave signal in the atmosphere or in seawater, the propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal is as sharp as about 100 dB / m at 1 MHz band Since the inductive coupling loss of the magnetic wave signal attenuates gently to 12 dB / oct or 18 dB / oct compared with the above, the magnetic wave signal using inductive coupling of the fluctuating magnetic field is more advantageous in seawater, Wireless communication can be performed between a distance and a middle distance.
Furthermore, when the magnetic wave signal is used, in an atmosphere, in a substance having a relatively large propagation loss of an electromagnetic wave signal, in a fresh water or seawater having a salinity concentration of 0% to 5%, or in a induction route by a combination thereof. Enables magnetic wave communication of arbitrary bandwidth from narrow band to wide band.

However, in natural seawater (especially in areas with high concentration of metal ions in harbors or areas where metal objects exist in the vicinity), the inductive coupling loss may fluctuate or cause a larger inductive coupling loss. An adaptive closed loop antenna is provided, adaptive magnetic force wave signal transmitting / receiving means is provided, adaptive baseband signal transmitting / receiving means is provided, or a combination thereof is provided. It is necessary to adaptively control, change or switch the parameters of the antenna, the parameters of the magnetic wave signal, the parameters of the magnetic wave communication, or a combination thereof. The adaptive control includes diversity control.

Also, as mentioned above, due to the mismatch caused by the ohmic loss and the eddy current loss caused by the displacement current radiated or re-radiated from the closed loop antenna, a significant mismatch occurs in the closed loop antenna, and communication is conventionally performed even with electromagnetic signals. While the electromagnetic wave signal can not be transmitted in seawater in the frequency range of 100 kHz or less, which has been made possible, the magnetic wave antenna of the present invention is capable of 20 MHz from the low frequency range of several Hz or less. It is possible to efficiently radiate (transmit) the magnetic wave signal to the outside in any frequency region exceeding it and in seawater, and a wide range of practicality can be expected.

In the above description, although the influence and the countermeasure in the case where Na + ions or CL − ions are present around the closed loop antenna are mainly described, as indicated in claim 25, the closed loop antenna at least includes: The magnetic wave signal transmission means is connected to the baseband signal transmission means, the magnetic wave signal reception means is connected to the baseband signal reception means, and the magnetic wave signal transmission / reception means is connected to the baseband signal transmission / reception means Or connected in a combination of these, and constitute a fixed station, a relay station, a mobile terminal, a portable terminal, a small RFID tag, or a combination thereof, and are fresh water, sea water, air, ground, Or, in the guidance route by these combinations, unidirectional communication, two-way communication, solid identification, individual management, point information management, crustal movement survey, conductor Quality exploration, marine resource exploration, or used for these combinations.

Further, as described in claim 26, the magnetic wave communication is at least spread spectrum communication, secret communication, communication in seawater, and narrow band communication having an equivalent bandwidth of several Hz or less. A wide band communication with a frequency ratio between the lower limit and the upper limit of the bandwidth being 10 or more, communication between short distance and middle distance, or communication by a combination of these.
Further, as shown in claim 27, the magnetic wave signal is composed of a baseband signal which is hard to exist in the natural world, and the induction is performed by measuring a change in propagation characteristics of the received baseband signal at the receiving side. Detects earthquakes, submarine volcano eruptions, tsunamis, movement of objects, movement of organisms, or a combination of these that occur in the path.
Further, as described in claim 28, the magnetic wave antenna is used as a transmitting antenna of a wireless power feeder, is used as a receiving antenna of a wireless power feeder, and a magnetic wave communication unit is additionally used, or It is used in combination of these.

Further, as shown in claim 29, in the magnetic wave antenna on the transmission side, at least direct oscillation from a commercial power supply, oscillation from a commercial power supply via a transformer, and arranging a plurality of closed loop antennas in a mesh shape And the phase adjustment means are connected and oscillated, and the effective relative permeability is oscillated close to the magnetic body of 10 or more, and in the magnetic wave antenna on the receiving side, at least the number of turns on the transmitting side The effective relative permeability is made larger than the effective relative permeability on the transmission side, and the opposing area is made narrower than the area on the transmitting side, or a combination thereof.
Further, as shown in claim 30, in order to reduce an increase in inductive coupling loss occurring in the induction path, an adaptive closed loop antenna is provided, an adaptive magnetic wave signal transmission / reception means is provided, and an adaptive baseband signal transmission / reception is provided. Means, or a combination of these, in at least the local station, the remote station or both stations, parameters of the closed loop antenna, parameters of the magnetic wave signal, parameters of the magnetic wave communication, of the magnetic wave communication device Reliable control of magnetic wave communication is enabled by adaptively controlling, changing, or switching parameters or their combination.

Further, as described in claim 31, the effective permeability of the magnetic material at the reception or reception side of the closed loop antenna is larger than the effective permeability of the magnetic material at the transmission time or transmission side, and the reception or reception time of the closed loop antenna The number of turns on the side is greater than the number of turns on the transmit or transmit side, and the area on the receive or receive side of the closed loop antenna is larger than the area on the transmit or transmit side. The distance between the sides is wider than the distance between the two opposite sides at the time of transmission or transmission, or a combination thereof.
Further, as shown in claim 32, a part or all of the plurality of transmission side magnetic wave antennas and a part or all of the plurality of reception side magnetic wave antennas are vertically opposed, and the plurality of transmission side magnetic waves When a part or all of the antenna and a part or all of the plurality of receiving magnetic force wave antennas face each other in the horizontal direction or a combination thereof, the merit of the area expansion can be obtained.

Further, as shown in FIG. 9 and claim 33, the magnetic wave antenna is mounted on a moving body such as a ship or buoy on the ocean, and a plurality of moving bodies such as a submersible vessel or diver in seawater, A magnetic wave antenna mounted on a moving body on the ocean and a magnetic wave antenna mounted on a plurality of moving bodies in the seawater face each other in the horizontal direction, and a magnetic force mounted on the plurality of moving bodies With the wave antennas facing each other in the vertical direction, all communications are monitored in the mobile on the ocean, and calls between the mobiles are conducted smoothly.
According to a thirty-fourth aspect of the present invention, when the magnetic wave antenna is facing the other magnetic wave antenna, the eddy current can be reduced by arranging a nonmagnetic metal plate on the opposite side of the facing direction. A directional antenna is realized by reflecting the magnetic field lines generated and emitted from the magnetic wave antenna in the opposite direction.

Since the present invention is configured as described above, in the atmosphere, in a substance with relatively large propagation loss of electromagnetic wave signals, in fresh water or seawater with a salinity concentration of 0% to 5%, or a combination thereof By utilizing the magnetic wave signal in the induction path, it is in an arbitrary frequency range between a short distance and an intermediate distance, from a few Hz or less to over 20 MHz, and an arbitrary bandwidth from narrow band to wide band. Since the magnetic wave communication device using the magnetic wave signal can be realized at low cost, it has high practical value.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a communication system between a short distance and a medium distance, a collision prevention system for ships, a marine resource exploration system, biotelemetry, and the like in a guidance route by the atmosphere, fresh water, seawater, or a combination thereof. , Sensing networks, mutual voice communication devices such as divers, RFID tag devices, communication / remote control devices with submersibles or undersea robots, search equipment for flooded or distressed persons, sounding instruments, fish finders, seafloor exploration equipment, A wide range of applications are possible, such as metal detectors or wireless power feeds.

600a to 600b short loop antenna 601a, 601b electric field shield 603a, 603b impedance conversion transformer 604a, 604b impedance matching capacitor 605a, 605b electromagnetic field shield 606a, 606b input / output connector 607 input connector 610 phase shift means 612 distance (R)

700, 700a to 700f closed loop antenna 701 radome 704 phase adjustment means including stray capacitance (including variable or semi-fixed)
705 Damping means 706 Transmission / reception switching means 707 Magnetic members 708, 708a to 708f Magnetic wave signal transmission / reception means 709 Base band signal transmission / reception means 710 Magnetic wave signal oscillation means

711 Induced EMF Reception Means 712, 712a, 712b Closed Loop Antenna Connection Terminals 713, 713a, 713b Baseband Signal Connection Terminals 714 Transmission / reception switching connection terminals 715, 715a, 715b Power amplification means 716, 716a to 716c Transmission line transformer or transmission line Transformer 717 Low noise amplification means 718 including impedance conversion means Detuning suppression means

Claims (34)

1. Induction using a magnetic wave signal inductively coupled by a fluctuating magnetic field, in the atmosphere, in a substance with relatively large propagation loss of an electromagnetic wave signal, in fresh water or seawater with a salinity concentration of 0% to 5%, or a combination thereof In a magnetic wave antenna and a magnetic wave communication device using the same, which enables wireless communication between a short distance and a middle distance along the route.
   The magnetic wave antenna and a magnetic wave communication apparatus using the same comprise at least a closed loop antenna and magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means.
   A structure and configuration for at least suppressing the radiation of the electromagnetic wave signal to the outside during transmission or the re-radiation to the outside during reception and suppressing the electromagnetic wave signal to be efficiently radiated to the outside or received from the outside. , Shape, characteristics, or a combination of these,
   The magnetic wave signal transmission / reception means at least includes phase adjustment means, parasitic vibration suppression means, transmission / reception switching means, magnetic wave signal oscillation means, induced electromotive force reception means, or a combination thereof.
   The phase adjustment means includes a capacitive reactance due to stray capacitance in addition to its own capacitive reactance, and an inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna and a capacitive reactance of phase adjustment means including the stray capacitance in a non-resonant state By setting or setting the untuned state, it is possible to suppress the radiation or re-radiation of the electromagnetic wave signal and to widen the bandwidth of the magnetic wave antenna.
   Send and receive as a magnetic wave signal including a baseband signal of an arbitrary bandwidth from a narrow band with a bandwidth of a few Hz or less to a wide band with a frequency ratio of the lower limit to the upper limit of 10 or more. Alternatively, the magnetic wave communication between the short distance of several cm and the middle distance of several km is enabled by alternately performing the above, and the magnetic wave communication device using the same.
   
2. In the first aspect, the magnetic wave antenna and the magnetic wave communication apparatus using the same comprise at least a closed loop antenna and a magnetic wave signal transmission means.
   The closed loop antenna has at least a structure, a configuration, a shape, a characteristic, or a combination thereof for efficiently radiating a magnetic wave signal to the outside, and the magnetic wave signal transmission means includes at least a phase adjustment means. Parasitic vibration suppressing means, magnetic wave signal oscillating means, or a combination thereof,
   The phase adjustment means includes, in addition to its own capacitive reactance, a capacitive reactance due to stray capacitance, and an inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna and a capacitive reactance of the phase adjustment means including the stray capacitance as non-resonant By setting the state or the non-tuning state, the displacement current radiated from the closed loop antenna is suppressed, and the mismatch of the closed loop antenna based on the ohmic loss and the eddy current loss caused by the displacement current around the closed loop antenna is By suppressing, the magnetic wave signal can be efficiently radiated to the outside in an arbitrary frequency range of several Hz or less to over 20 MHz in the induction path, and a magnetic wave communication device using the same. .
   
3. In any one of claims 1 to 2, the absolute value of the capacitive reactance of the phase adjustment means including the stray capacitance is in the range of 0% to 95% of the absolute value of the inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna. A magnetic wave antenna set in the inside and a magnetic wave communication device using the same.
   
4. In any one of claims 1 to 3, the baseband signal is an analog voice signal of 0.3 kHz to 3 kHz and is a pulse-width modulated digital voice signal, according to an analysis and synthesis coding algorithm. A digital audio signal band-compressed to 0.6 kbps to 4.8 kbps, a digital audio signal according to another encoding algorithm, or a combination thereof, and directly amplified by the magnetic wave signal oscillation means, A magnetic wave antenna and a magnetic wave communication apparatus using the same, comprising modulating and amplifying a carrier wave and amplifying the carrier wave and driving the closed loop antenna.
   
5. In any one of claims 1 to 4, the magnetic wave signal oscillating means is at least a phase adjusting means, a transmission line transformer or a transmission line like transformer, a push-pull amplifying means, a half bridge type power amplifying means , Full-bridge power amplification means, DC-AC conversion means, AC-AC conversion means, analog signal amplification means, low output impedance amplification means, reactive current oscillation means, modulation means, encoding means, or a combination of these Magnetic wave antenna characterized by and magnetic wave communication apparatus using the same.
   
6. The magnetic wave wave antenna according to claim 5, wherein the magnetic wave signal is directly oscillated by replacing the output transformer of the magnetic wave signal amplification means with the closed loop antenna, and the magnetic wave using the same. Communication device.
   
7. In the first aspect, the induced electromotive force receiving means includes at least a phase adjusting means, a transmission line transformer or a transmission line transformer, an impedance converting means, a low noise amplifying means, an intermediate frequency amplifying means, a detection / demodulation means. A magnetic wave antenna including a decoding means, a phase equalizing means, or a combination thereof, and a magnetic wave communication device using the same.
   
8. In the seventh aspect, the input impedance of the impedance conversion means is larger than the output impedance of the closed loop antenna, the input impedance of the impedance conversion means is larger than the output impedance of the transmission line transformer or transmission line transformer, Magnetic wave antenna characterized in that the output impedance of the conversion means is smaller than the input impedance of the receiver, and the output impedance of the low noise amplifier is smaller than the input impedance of the receiver, or a combination thereof Communication device.
   
9. In any one of claims 1 to 8, the series resistance of the closed loop antenna changes, the inductive reactance changes, the electrical characteristic changes, and the VSWR changes in the induction path of the combination. In order to suppress the change, the radiation efficiency change, or the combination of them, the closed loop antenna is housed inside the detuning suppression means, to be a magnetic loop antenna, to be a shield loop antenna, in particular A magnetic wave antenna and a magnetic wave communication device using the same, which is characterized in that it is coated with an insulator in a small size, or a combination thereof.
   
10. In any one of claims 1 to 9, the parasitic vibration suppressing means is the closed loop antenna, phase adjusting means including the stray capacitance, and an output terminal of the magnetic wave signal vibrating means. Unnecessary by connecting in parallel or in series with the input connection terminal of the induced electromotive force receiving means, the input connection terminal of the impedance conversion means, the transmission line transformer or transmission line transformer, or a combination thereof Magnetic wave antenna characterized by suppressing parasitic vibration and magnetic wave communication device using the same.
    
11. In the claim 1, the magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means, the baseband signal transmitting / receiving means, or both of them increase at least an inductive coupling loss caused when the magnetic wave signal is inductively coupled in the induction path. A magnetic wave antenna and a magnetic wave communication apparatus using the same, comprising: inductive coupling loss detection means for predicting, detecting, suppressing, or performing a combination thereof.
    
12. In the eleventh aspect, the inductive coupling loss detection means detects a change in inductive reactance of the closed loop antenna, detects the conductivity of seawater around the closed loop antenna, and detects the conductivity of the seawater around the closed loop antenna. A magnetic wave antenna characterized by detecting a change in the inductive coupling loss by detecting ion concentration, detecting communication quality in the induction path, or detecting a combination thereof, and a magnetic wave using the same Communication device.
    
13. In any one of claims 1 to 12, a plurality of sets of the closed loop antennas are provided, at least insulated from each other, twisted between each other, and have individual lengths and individual shapes. The plurality of closed loop antennas are connected in parallel, connected in series, connected in a transmission line, or the like. And a magnetic wave communication device using the same.
    
14. The magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means is connected to each set of the plurality of sets of closed loop antennas to provide a plurality of sets of input / output terminals according to any one of claims 1 to 13; Input / output terminals are connected in parallel, connected to oscillate in phase, connected to drive in reverse phase, connected via power combining / distributing means, connected via attenuation / amplifying means, A magnetic wave antenna and a magnetic wave communication apparatus using the same, characterized in that they are connected via phase means, or a combination thereof.
    
15. In any of the above-mentioned claim 1 to claim 14, a conductive substance which exists in or around the induction path and which is a conductive substance, is a magnetic substance, and is a substance which generates an eddy current, or The substance is a combination of these materials, and when the substance is planar or plate-like, the closed loop antenna emits magnetic lines of force in the horizontal or parallel direction toward the substance, and when the substance is liquid, the substance is liquid. Magnetic wave antenna characterized by emitting magnetic field lines from the closed loop antenna to the opposing closed loop antenna so as to intersect magnetic field lines at the shortest possible distance, or a combination thereof, and a magnetic wave communication device using the same.
    
16. In any one of claims 1 to 15, the closed loop antenna is a single-turn or multi-turn solenoid coil provided in close proximity to a magnetic body, and radiation or re-radiation of displacement current is It is a structure that suppresses, is a configuration, is a characteristic, or a combination thereof, and is a structure that efficiently radiates a fluctuating magnetic field, is a configuration, is a characteristic, or a combination of these. Magnetic wave antenna characterized by the present invention and magnetic wave communication apparatus using the same.
    
17. In the above-mentioned claim 16, the magnetic body is at least rod-like, polygon-like, has a hollow inside, is composed of a plurality of pieces, is disposed crosswise of the plurality of pieces, or a combination thereof And a magnetic wave antenna characterized in that the solenoid coil is at least a single-layer winding, a multi-layer winding, a polyfilar winding, a litz wire, or a combination thereof. Magnetic wave communication device to be used.
    
18. 18. The magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means according to any one of claims 16 to 17, wherein a part or all of the magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means is accommodated in a hollow portion inside the magnetic body, and the closed loop antenna is outside or outside the magnetic body. A magnetic wave antenna provided in a portion and a magnetic wave communication device using the same.
    
19. 22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the plurality of sets of closed loop antennas are connected to the phase shift means in each set and rotated at least through a radome covering the plurality of sets of closed loop antennas. A magnetic wave antenna characterized by efficiently radiating a magnetic wave signal to the outside, and a magnetic wave communication device using the same.
    
20. 20. In the above-mentioned claim 15 or 19, the sets of closed loop antennas are arranged vertically to the radome, horizontally to the radome and conically Arranged in an inverted conical shape or a combination thereof, and control the directional beam width of the plurality of closed loop antennas, control the direction of the directional beam, and control the radiation angle of the directional beam Or a magnetic wave antenna for controlling a rotational magnetic wave antenna for adaptively controlling a combination thereof, and a magnetic wave communication apparatus using the same.
    
21. 21. The rotary magnetic wave signal radiated from the closed loop antenna according to any one of claims 19 to 20, wherein an eddy current is generated and reflected by a conductive object present in the induction path, and the reflected light is reflected. A magnetic wave antenna characterized by detecting a conductive object present in an induction path by receiving a counterrotating rotational magnetic wave signal, and a magnetic wave communication device using the same.
    
22. A plurality of closed loop antennas for radiating the rotary magnetic wave signal and a plurality of closed loops for receiving the counter-rotating rotary magnetic wave signal according to any one of claims 19 to 21. A magnetic wave antenna and a magnetic wave communication apparatus using the same, wherein the magnetic wave antenna and the antenna are spaced apart from each other.
    
23. In any one of claims 1 to 22, the plurality of sets of closed loop antennas are arranged in the vertical direction, the horizontal direction, or a combination thereof with respect to the radome, and at least for each set, at least a magnetic wave Signal transmission / reception means are connected, power combining / distribution means are connected, attenuation / amplification means are connected, phase shift means are connected, or a combination of these is connected, and the directivity of the plurality of closed loop antennas is set. To realize a magnetic wave adaptive array antenna that controls the directivity beam width, controls the direction of the directional beam, controls the radiation angle of the directional beam, or controls the combination of these to be adaptive. Magnetic wave antenna and magnetic wave communication device using the same.
    
24. The magnetic wave antenna according to claim 23, wherein the plurality of sets of closed loop antennas are installed in accordance with the shape of a moving body which travels over the sea or dives in seawater, and a magnetic wave using the same. Communication device.
    
25. 25. In any one of claims 1 to 24, the closed loop antenna is at least connected to a baseband signal transmitting means via a magnetic wave signal transmitting means, and a baseband signal via a magnetic wave signal receiving means. Fixed station, relay station, mobile terminal, portable terminal, small-sized RFID tag, connected to the receiving means, connected to the baseband signal transmitting / receiving means via the magnetic wave signal transmitting / receiving means, or a combination thereof Alternatively, one-way communication, two-way communication, solid identification, individual management, point information management, constituting a combination thereof and in a guidance route by fresh water, seawater, air, ground, or a combination thereof , A magnetic wave antenna characterized by being used for crustal deformation survey, conductor survey, ocean resources survey, or a combination thereof Magnetic wave communication device it is.
    
26. The magnetic wave communication according to any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein at least the magnetic wave communication is spread spectrum communication, secret communication, and communication in seawater, and the equivalent bandwidth is several Hz or less. Narrow-band communication; wide-band communication with a frequency ratio between the lower limit and upper limit of the bandwidth of 10 or more, communication between a short distance and a middle distance, or communication by a combination of these. Magnetic wave antenna and magnetic wave communication device using the same.
    
27. 27. The magnetic field wave signal according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the magnetic wave signal is composed of a baseband signal which is unlikely to be present in the natural world, and the change of the propagation characteristic of the baseband signal received on the receiving side is measured. A magnetic wave antenna characterized by detecting an earthquake, an eruption of a submarine volcano, a tsunami, a movement of an object, a movement of an organism, or a combination thereof generated in the guidance route, and a magnetic wave communication device using the same .
    
28. 28. The magnetic wave antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the magnetic wave antenna is used as a transmitting antenna of a wireless power feeder, is used as a receiving antenna of a wireless power feeder, and a magnetic wave communication unit is added. And a magnetic wave communication device using the same.
    
29. In the above-mentioned claim 28, in the magnetic wave antenna on the transmission side, at least a direct oscillation from a commercial power supply, a oscillation from a commercial power supply via a transformer, and a plurality of closed loop antennas arranged in a mesh shape Move, and connect phase adjustment means to oscillate, and oscillate close to a magnetic body having an effective relative permeability of 10 or more, and in the magnetic wave antenna on the receiving side, the number of turns is at least the number of turns on the transmitting side A magnetic wave antenna characterized by making the effective relative permeability larger than the effective relative permeability on the transmission side, making the opposing area smaller than the area on the transmitting side, or combining them Magnetic wave communication device.
    
30. In any one of claims 1 to 29, in order to reduce an increase in inductive coupling loss generated in the induction path, an adaptive closed loop antenna is provided, and adaptive magnetic wave signal transmission / reception means is provided, and adaptation is performed. At least a parameter of the closed loop antenna, a parameter of the magnetic wave signal, a parameter of the magnetic wave communication, at least in the own station, the opposite station or both stations. A magnetic wave antenna characterized by adaptively controlling, changing, or switching parameters of a magnetic wave communication device or a combination thereof, and a magnetic wave communication device using the same.
    
31. 31. The closed loop antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 30, wherein the effective permeability of the magnetic body at the time of reception or reception of the closed loop antenna is larger than the effective permeability of the magnetic body at the time of transmission or transmission. At the time of reception or at the reception side is greater than the number of turns at the transmission or transmission side, the area at the reception or reception side of the closed loop antenna is wider than the area at the transmission or transmission side, at the reception or reception side of the closed loop antenna A magnetic wave antenna and a magnetic wave communication apparatus using the same, wherein the distance between the two opposing sides is wider than the distance between the opposing two sides at the time of transmission or transmission, or a combination thereof.
    
32. 32. In any one of claims 1 to 31, a part or all of the plurality of transmitting side magnetic wave antennas and a part or all of the plurality of receiving side magnetic wave antennas are vertically opposed to each other, A magnetic wave antenna characterized in that a part or all of the transmitting magnetic wave antenna and a part or all of the plurality of receiving magnetic wave antennas face each other in the horizontal direction or a combination thereof. Magnetic wave communication device using
    
33. The magnetic wave according to any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein the magnetic wave antenna is mounted on a moving body on the ocean and a plurality of moving bodies in seawater, and is mounted on the moving body on the ocean. The antenna and the magnetic wave antenna mounted on the plurality of mobile bodies in the seawater are horizontally opposed to each other, and the magnetic wave antennas mounted on the plurality of mobile bodies are vertically opposed to each other Magnetic wave antenna and magnetic wave communication device using the same.
    
34. 34. In the case of any one of claims 1 to 33, when the magnetic wave antenna is opposed to the other magnetic wave antenna, a nonmagnetic metal plate is disposed on the opposite side of the opposing direction. Thus, an eddy current is generated, and a directional antenna is realized by reflecting magnetic lines of force radiated in the opposite direction from the magnetic wave antenna, and a magnetic wave communication device using the same.

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