RU2611603C1 - Communication system of very low and extremely low frequency range with deep-seated and distant objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: communication system includes a transmission system consisting of a master generator, a modulator, a control, protection and automation system, a power amplifier, a matching device, a antenna current and power supply indicator, and where the reception and detection of radiation (produced by VLF and ELF generators) are carried out with the help of trailed cable antenna, an antenna amplifier and a receiver of VLF and ELF range, that are on board of the underwater object; N transducers, 2N grounders of the antenna system are additionally introduced, and the antenna system is made in the form of an extended straight line with the length of several tens of hundreds of kilometers.

EFFECT: provision of electromagnetic compatibility of system for communication with RES, power lines, cable communication lines, engineering structures and the establishment of environmental safety conditions in the area of the location of the antenna system.

3 cl, 3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and radio engineering, in particular to the communication technology of the ELF-ELF range, and can be used for communication with deeply submerged and remote underwater objects.

The well-known "Method of seismic exploration" (patent No. 2029318 RU G01V 1/09, 1995). This seismic exploration method consists in exciting a probing signal and receiving multichannel reception of reflected and diffracted waves from an object, processing it by conducting wave selection in the directions of arrival, and displaying the results in the form of parameter sizes on the platform. The disadvantage of this method is that it uses approximate data interpolation, which in some cases leads to low reliability of sensing results.

A device is known "Method of electromagnetic sounding of the earth's crust using normalized field sources" (patent No. 2093863, RU G01V 3/12, 1997). This device contains two sinusoidal current generators, which are loaded on long, low-lying, horizontally oriented and grounded at the ends of the antenna, the registration of radiation generated by the microwave system is carried out using the measuring complex of the Joint Institute of Earth Physics (UIFZ) RAS type "Borok" . However, this installation does not provide information transmission with deeply loaded and remote underwater objects, since it does not have a receiving complex in its composition, and also does not have an adequate level of VLF-ELF signals at large distances from the source. The Unified Generator-Measuring Complex VLF- device is known ELF radiation for geophysical surveys ”(patent No. 2188439 RU dated 08.27.02 G01V 3/12). The complex consists of a master oscillator, N sinusoidal current generators loaded on long, low-lying horizontally oriented transmitting antennas with grounding conductors at the ends, and the radiation generated by the ELF-ELF generators is recorded using a measuring complex, while all N generators are connected to single master oscillator. The master oscillator is a single-phase bridge inverter made on powerful semiconductor controlled thyristor valves. The disadvantages of the device "Unified generator-measuring ..." - a well-known generator-measuring complex - is the low radiation level of the ELF-ELF signals and their registration at large distances from the source, so the nominal active power during tests for active load is not more than 30 kW, and also low reliability of the complex in the conditions of induced noise (with deep suppression of harmonics of industrial frequency). In addition, due to the high requirements imposed by electromagnetic field theory on the propagation of radio signals in the oceans, it is necessary to have a special antenna, a low-noise antenna amplifier and an analog-to-digital receiver for communication with remote and deeply immersed objects.

, где π=3,14; f - частота электромагнитной волны, от 3 до 300 Гц; μ=4⋅π⋅10^-7 Гн/м.; σ - проводимость морской воды от 1 до 4 Сименс на метр. Используя самые низкие частоты от 3 до 300 Гц (КНЧ и СНЧ) можно получить глубину подводного радиоприема больше 100 метров. Поэтому для связи с удаленными глубокопогруженными подводными объектами (подводные лодки, подводные аппараты, батискафы, подводные дома и т.п.) предложена система связи СНЧ-КНЧ-диапазона. Электромагнитные волны этого диапазона являются пригодными для решения указанной задачи вследствие их способности проникать в толщу морской воды на значительную глубину. Кроме того, по сравнению с электромагнитными волнами других диапазонов распространение СНЧ-КНЧ-сигналов в волноводе «земля-ионосфера» отличается высокой стабильностью даже при возникновении различных возмущений в ионосфере.The well-known "Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency range with deeply immersed and remote objects" (patent No. 2350020 RU). The radio waves of most of the electromagnetic range do not penetrate into sea water. The penetration depth of electromagnetic energy is determined by the following formula:

where π = 3.14; f is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, from 3 to 300 Hz; μ = 4⋅π⋅10 ^-7 GN / m .; σ is the conductivity of sea water from 1 to 4 Siemens per meter. Using the lowest frequencies from 3 to 300 Hz (ELF and ELF), you can get the depth of the underwater radio more than 100 meters. Therefore, for communication with remote deep-submerged underwater objects (submarines, underwater vehicles, bathyscaphes, underwater houses, etc.), a communication system of the ELF-ELF range is proposed. Electromagnetic waves of this range are suitable for solving this problem due to their ability to penetrate into the thickness of sea water to a considerable depth. In addition, in comparison with electromagnetic waves of other ranges, the propagation of ELF-ELF signals in the ground-ionosphere waveguide is highly stable even when various disturbances arise in the ionosphere.

The well-known "Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and remote objects" according to the application 2014132320 dated 08/05/2014, which contains one low-power ELF-ELF generator, two grounding conductors, "n" amplifiers, "n" control system blocks for one long tens of hundreds of kilometers of a transmitting antenna with a current in it, which allows to provide a given magnetic moment to ensure communication with deeply immersed and distant objects and not to affect electromagnetic compatibility with electronic means, power lines and cable lines, as well as the creation of environmental safety conditions for humans and the environment. However, such a system has the following disadvantages:

- it does not allow to fulfill the total length of several tens of hundreds of kilometers due to natural barriers in the form of rivers, lakes, hills, settlements, etc.

The prototype is a “Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and distant objects” (RU patent No. 2350020) which contains “n” sinusoidal current generators loaded on extended low-lying horizontally oriented transmitting antennas with grounding conductors at the ends, and the reception and registration of radiation, generated by the ELF-ELF generators are carried out using a towed cable antenna, an antenna amplifier and an ELF-ELF receiver located on board water object, while the master oscillator consists of a control, protection and automation system (SURZA), a thyristor rectifier, a first protection device, an autonomous voltage inverter, a second protection device, a matching device, a power device and two input switches, while the input switches are made of three-position and in series with three inputs connected to a thyristor rectifier, and on the connecting lines are installed a current sensor (DT) and voltage sensors (DN), which are connected to the system my control, regulation and automation, and the rectifier through a protection device with two outputs is connected to an autonomous inverter, which in turn is connected to a matching device through a protection device, while the matching device is connected to the antenna, and SURZA is connected to an external control station and a reducing rectifier, which by its input is connected to the third input of the high-voltage power supply device of the generator, and that in turn is connected by the first input to the input switch, and the second input with a lower and power supplies, in this case, a towed cable antenna is installed on a deeply immersed and remote object, which is connected through an antenna amplifier to an ELF-ELF receiver.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- high power “n” generators of at least 100 kW;

- “n” antenna devices with “2n” planar grounding conductors, (each low-lying antenna has two grounding conductors at the ends of the antenna) therefore, a large area of the earth's surface is affected by the reverse currents of the antenna and the placement of electronic means on this area is impossible;

- the electromagnetic field created by the "n" antenna devices affects all technical and engineering systems at considerable distances;

, при двух заземлителях, чтобы не было поверхностных токов замыкания длина антенны должна превышать 20 км. А учитывая, что для создания заданного магнитного момента необходимо «n» антенных устройств с «2n» плоскостными заземлителями, общая площадь, пораженная мощными электромагнитными полями недопустимо огромна даже для России.- the environmental hazard of exceeding the ELF ELS standards (maximum permissible exposure standards for personnel serving the ELF station and residents of nearby areas, as well as plants, animals and the entire environment). For example, an antenna made in the form of power lines (power lines) is supplied with a voltage of 30 kV, and the height of the antenna’s suspension when the surface of the earth is uneven reaches a sag of 5 meters. Therefore, the field strength along the antenna will be determined E = (30⋅kV) / (5⋅m) = 6⋅kV. As can be seen along the antenna, the field strength is 6 kV, which exceeds three times the norm of the remote control. Although the rules of the remote control recommend staying no more than 8 hours in areas where the field strength of the electric component reaches 2 kV. Moreover, the length of the antennas depends on the skin layer, for example, at a frequency of 3 Hz, the skin layer for σ = 10 ^-4 м cm / m will be equal to

, with two ground electrodes, so that there are no surface fault currents, the antenna length should exceed 20 km. And given that in order to create a given magnetic moment, “n” antenna devices with “2n” planar ground electrodes are needed, the total area affected by powerful electromagnetic fields is unacceptably huge even for Russia.

Thus, the layout in a limited area of the antenna system, consisting of “n” antenna devices with “2n” planar ground electrodes with connected 100 kW generators, is dangerous for this region and solve the problem of electromagnetic compatibility with RES, power lines, cable lines and environmental security is not possible.

The aim of the invention is:

- reduction of the power level of the concentrated generator at one point of the antenna;

- the creation of an ELF-ELF antenna that does not affect the electromagnetic environment of the antenna location area due to low-power generators dispersed along the antenna length of several hundred kilometers;

- to ensure electromagnetic compatibility with radio-electronic means, power lines, cable lines and engineering structures, as well as the creation of environmental safety for humans and the environment;

- to ensure the natural and topological compatibility of the multi-kilometer antenna system with rivers, lakes, hills and settlements.

This goal is achieved through the use of a transmitting antenna several tens of hundreds of kilometers in length in the “Communication System of the Ultra-Low and Extreme Low Frequency Range with Deeply Submerged and Remote Objects” L _ANTENNA , made of “n” dipole sources with a length of _{D DIPOLE} , each of “n” dipole sources is connected with two grounding conductors and its own low-power ELF-ELF generator, synchronized by the control unit via the radio relay channel. The low current in the "n" emitting dipoles of the transmitting antenna allows you to provide a given magnetic moment to ensure communication with deeply immersed and distant objects and to eliminate the effect on electromagnetic compatibility with electronic devices, power lines and cable lines due to several hundred kilometers dispersed along the length of the antenna low-power generators, as well as the creation of environmental safety conditions for humans and the environment, in addition, to ensure natural and topological compatibility a lot ilometrovoy antenna system rivers, lakes, hills and towns by constructing the antenna as a transmitting «n» successively placed on the surface of the ground typical dipole sources.

сферического резонатора Земля - ионосфера определяется как длина по экватору в 40000 км деленная на скорость света (3⋅10⁸ м/с) или

=(40000000⋅км)/(3⋅10⁸ м/с)=7⋅Гц. Резонатор Земля - ионосфера резонирует на частоте 7 Гц. Следовательно, частоты от 3 до 300 Гц могут возбуждать данный резонатор при условии, что энергия возбуждения будет достаточной. А возбужденный резонатор имеет практически одинаковую напряженность поля в любой точке земного шара. В прототипе возбуждение производится «n» генераторами мощностью 100 кВт каждый, которые создают ток в «n» рамочных антеннах. Рамка образуется током антенны, в виде ЛЭП 30 кВ, и обратным током в земле, протекаемым между заземлителями. Известно, что для возбуждения резонатора магнитный момент антенны должен быть не менее или M≥10⁸⋅[A⋅м²]. Магнитный момент рамочной антенны определяетсяIndeed, the resonant frequency

Earth - ionosphere spherical resonator is defined as the length at the equator of 40,000 km divided by the speed of light (3⋅10 ⁸ m / s) or

= (40000000⋅km) / (3⋅10 ⁸ m / s) = 7⋅Hz. Resonator Earth - The ionosphere resonates at a frequency of 7 Hz. Therefore, frequencies from 3 to 300 Hz can excite this resonator, provided that the excitation energy is sufficient. And an excited resonator has almost the same field strength anywhere in the world. In the prototype, the excitation is made by "n" generators with a capacity of 100 kW each, which create a current in the "n" frame antennas. The frame is formed by the antenna current, in the form of a 30 kV power transmission line, and the reverse current in the ground flowing between the ground electrodes. It is known that in order to excite a resonator, the magnetic moment of the antenna must be not less than or M≥10 ⁸ ⋅ [A 2m ² ]. The magnetic moment of the loop antenna is determined

,

,

(π=3,14; f - частота электромагнитной волны 3-300 Гц; μ=4⋅π⋅10^-7, Гн/м.; σ - проводимость земли в районе размещения антенны выбирается от 10^-4 до 10^-5 См/м); L_{АНТЕННЫ} - длина антенны в метрах.where I _A is the current in the antenna in Amperes; h _current - the depth of current flow in the earth, is determined by the following formula:

(π = 3.14; f is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave 3-300 Hz; μ = 4⋅π⋅10 ^-7 , GN / m; σ - the conductivity of the earth in the area where the antenna is located is selected from 10 ^-4 to 10 ^-5 cm / m); L _ANTENNA - the length of the antenna in meters.

ампер, а глубину протекания обратного тока I_ОБ принять равной h_тока=10 км, то длина передающий антенны, состоящая из суммы дипольных источников, должна быть около L_{АНТЕННЫ}=1000 км. Следовательно, чтобы исключить влияние тока на окружающие антенну радиоэлектронные средства (РЭС), высоковольтные линии электропередачи и кабельные магистрали антенна должна иметь малый ток, но большую длину. Например, влияние частот 3 герц очень сильно сказывается, учитывая большую глубину проникновения через экранирующие оболочки кабелей и корпуса радиоэлектронных средств.The calculation shows that if the current of each of the N dipoles is taken equal

amperes, and the depth of the reverse current I _{OB should} be equal to h _current = 10 km, then the length of the transmitting antenna, consisting of the sum of dipole sources, should be about L _ANTENNA = 1000 km. Therefore, in order to exclude the influence of current on the radio electronic means (RES) surrounding the antenna, the high-voltage power lines and cable lines of the antenna must have a small current, but a large length. For example, the influence of frequencies of 3 hertz has a very strong effect, given the large penetration depth through the shielding sheaths of cables and the housing of electronic equipment.

Thus, the transmitting antenna of the ELF-ELF must have a large length to achieve a given magnetic moment and low current to ensure its environmental safety during operation, as well as ensuring electromagnetic compatibility with RES, cable highways, high-voltage power lines and engineering structures, in addition, ensuring natural, topological compatibility of the route of a multi-kilometer antenna system with rivers, lakes, hills and settlements is achieved by building a transmitting antenna chlorophylls a typical dipole sources shown in FIG. one.

In FIG. 1 shows the transmitting antenna "Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency range with deeply immersed and remote objects", where:

- 1 - control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges;

- 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , ..., 2 _N - first, second, third, ..., and N-th radio relay communication stations;

- 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ , ..., 3 _N - first, second, third, ..., and N-th converters;

- 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ , ..., 4 _N - first, second third, ..., and N-th grounding conductors;

- Tr.1, Tr.2, ..., Tp.N - double-winding transformers of an energy source in each of N dipole sources;

- величина тока дипольного источника;-

- current value of the dipole source;

);- I _OB - reverse current flowing at the depth of the skin layer (

);

- h _DEPTH - the depth of the antenna in the surface layer of the earth;

;- h _current - the depth of the reverse current in the ground equal to the skin layer for a given dipole source or

;

- L _ANTENNA - the length of the transmitting antenna, as the sum of all N dipole sources;

диполя - длина каждого из N дипольных источников.-

dipole - the length of each of the N dipole sources.

In FIG. 2 control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges, where:

- 1-1 - the control panel of the channels of the carrier frequency, information and information transmission method (for example, pulse width, frequency, and others);

- 1-2 - master oscillator operating frequency of the transmitting antenna radiation;

- 1-3 - the first amplifier;

- 1-4 - block of the information channel;

- 1-5 - the second amplifier;

- 1-6 - transmitting channel-forming device (secondary network);

- 1-7 - an indicator of the operation of each of the N dipole sources;

- 1-8 - receiving channel-forming device (secondary network);

- 1-9 - power source.

In FIG. 3 each from the first to the N-th converter of the dipole source 3 _N contains blocks, where:

- 3-1 - receiving channel-forming device (secondary network);

- 3-2 - the master oscillator of the working frequency of the radiation of the dipole source;

- 3-3 - information block;

- 3-4 - modulator;

- 3-5 - power amplifier;

- 3-6 - delay line;

- 3-7 - power indicator at the converter output;

- 3-8 - transmitting channel-forming device;

- 3-9 - power source.

каждый в виде отрезка подземного неэкранированного кабеля, прокладываемого в поверхностном слое на глубине h_{ГЛУБИНА} и питаемого двухобмоточным трансформатором Тр.1 в средней части длины дипольного источника, при этом выход блока управления передающей антенной сверхнизкочастотного и крайненизкочастотного диапазонов 1 соединен с входом первой радиорелейной станцией 2₁, выход первой радиорелейной станции 2₁ соединен с входом блока управления передающей антенной сверхнизкочастотного и крайненизкочастотного диапазонов 1; дуплексный радиоканал через воздушную среду соединяет первую радиорелейную станцию 2₁ со второй радиорелейной станцией 2₂, выход второй радиорелейной станцией 2₂ соединен параллельно с входом первого преобразователя 3₁ и с входом третьей радиорелейной станцией 2₃, выход третьей радиорелейной станцией 2₃ соединен с входом второй радиорелейной станцией 2₂, первый выход первого преобразователя 3₁ соединен с клеммой «а» первичной обмотки двухобмоточного трансформатора Тр.1, клемма «б» первичной обмотки двухобмоточного трансформатора Тр.1 заземлена, клемма «с» вторичной обмотки двухобмоточного трансформатора Тр.1 соединена с первым заземлителем 4₁ через отрезок подземного неэкранированного кабеля длиной равной половине длины первого дипольного источника

, прокладываемого в поверхностном слое на глубине h_{ГЛУБИНА}, клемма «д» вторичной обмотки двухобмоточного трансформатора Тр.1 соединена со вторым заземлителем 4₂ через отрезок подземного неэкранированного кабеля длиной равной половине длины первого дипольного источника (

_ДИПОЛЯ/2), прокладываемого в поверхностном слое на глубине h_{ГЛУБИНА}, второй выход первого преобразователя 3₁ соединен со входом второй радиорелейной станцией 2₂; дуплексный радиоканал через воздушную среду соединяет третью радиорелейную станцию 2₃ с четвертой радиорелейной станцией 2₄, выход четвертой радиорелейной станцией 2₄ соединен параллельно с входом второго преобразователя 3₂ и с входом пятой радиорелейной станцией 2₅, выход пятой радиорелейной станцией 2₅ соединен с входом четвертой радиорелейной станцией 2₄, первый выход второго преобразователя 3₂ соединен с клеммой «а» первичной обмотки второго двухобмоточного трансформатора Тр.2, клемма «б» первичной обмотки второго двухобмоточного трансформатора Тр.2 заземлена, клемма «с» вторичной обмотки второго двухобмоточного трансформатора Тр.2 соединена с третьим заземлителем 4₃ через отрезок подземного неэкранированного кабеля длиной равной половине длины второго дипольного источника (

_ДИПОЛЯ/2), прокладываемого в поверхностном слое на глубине h_{ГЛУБИНА}, клемма «д» вторичной обмотки второго двухобмоточного трансформатора Тр.2 соединена с четвертым заземлителем 4₄ через отрезок подземного неэкранированного кабеля длиной равной половине длины второго дипольного источника (

_ДИПОЛЯ/2), прокладываемого в поверхностном слое на глубине h_{ГЛУБИНА}, второй выход второго преобразователя 3₂ соединен со входом четвертой радиорелейной станцией 2₄; дуплексный радиоканал через воздушную среду соединяет N-1 радиорелейную станцию 2_N-1 с N-ой радиорелейной станцией 2_N, выход N-ой радиорелейной станцией 2_N соединен с входом N-ого преобразователя 3_N, первый выход N-ого преобразователя 3_N соединен с клеммой «а» первичной обмотки N-ого двухобмоточного трансформатора Tp.N, клемма «б» первичной обмотки N-ого двухобмоточного трансформатора Tp.N заземлена, клемма «с» вторичной обмотки N-ого двухобмоточного трансформатора Tp.N соединена с N-1 заземлителем 4_N-1 через отрезок подземного неэкранированного кабеля длиной равной половине длины N дипольного источника (

_ДИПОЛЯ/2), прокладываемого в поверхностном слое на глубине h_{ГЛУБИНА}, клемма «д» вторичной обмотки N-ого двухобмоточного трансформатора Tp.N соединена с N-ым заземлителем 4_N через отрезок подземного неэкранированного кабеля длиной равной половине длины N дипольного источника (

_ДИПОЛЯ/2), прокладываемого в поверхностном слое на глубине h_{ГЛУБИНА}, второй выход N преобразователя 3_N соединен со входом N-ой радиорелейной станцией 2_N.The “Communication System of the Ultra-Low-Frequency and Extreme-Low-Frequency Bands with Deeply Submerged and Remote Objects” presented in FIG. 1 contains a transmitting antenna with a length of L _ANTENNA consisting of: from a control unit for a transmitting antenna of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges - 1; the first, second, third, ..., and N-th radio relay stations - 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , ..., 2 _N ; first, second, third, ..., and N-th converters - 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ , ..., 3 _N ; the first, second, third, ..., and N-th grounding conductors - 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ , ..., 4 _N ; double-winding transformer of an energy source in each of N dipole sources - Tp.1; N dipole sources long

each in the form of a segment of an underground unshielded cable laid in the surface layer at a depth of h _DEPTH and fed by a double-winding transformer Tr.1 in the middle part of the length of the dipole source, while the output of the control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges 1 is connected to the input of the first radio relay station 2 ₁ , the output of the first radio relay station 2 _{1 is} connected to the input of the control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges 1; a duplex radio channel through the air connects the first radio relay station 2 ₁ with the second radio relay station 2 ₂ , the output of the second radio relay station 2 _{2 is} connected in parallel with the input of the first converter 3 ₁ and with the input of the third radio relay station 2 ₃ , the output of the third radio relay station 2 _{3 is} connected with the input the second radio relay station 2 ₂ , the first output of the first converter 3 _{1 is} connected to the terminal “a” of the primary winding of the double-winding transformer Tr.1, terminal “b” of the primary winding of the double-winding transformer Tr.1 grounded, terminal “c” of the secondary winding of the double-winding transformer Tr.1 connected to the first ground electrode 4 ₁ through a piece of underground unscreened cable with a length equal to half the length of the first dipole source

laid in the surface layer at a depth of h _DEPTH , terminal “d” of the secondary winding of the double-winding transformer Tr.1 is connected to the second ground electrode 4 ₂ through a segment of an underground unscreened cable with a length equal to half the length of the first dipole source (

_DIPOLA / 2), laid in the surface layer at a depth h _DEPTH , the second output of the first transducer 3 _{1 is} connected to the input of the second radio relay station 2 ₂ ; a duplex radio channel through the air connects the third radio relay station 2 ₃ with the fourth radio relay station 2 ₄ , the output of the fourth radio relay station 2 _{4 is} connected in parallel with the input of the second converter 3 ₂ and with the input of the fifth radio relay station 2 ₅ , the output of the fifth radio relay station 2 _{5 is} connected with the input fourth radio relay station 2 _4, a first output of the second transducer 3 ₂ is connected to a terminal "a" of the primary winding of the second transformer Tr.2 two winding, terminal "b" of the second primary winding dvuhobmotochnog Tr.2 transformer earthed terminal "c" Tr.2 second two winding transformer secondary winding is connected to a third earthing March ₄ through underground unshielded segment of the second dipole source equal to half the length of the length (

_DIPOLA / 2), laid in the surface layer at a depth of h _DEPTH , terminal “d” of the secondary winding of the second double-winding transformer Tr.2 is connected to the fourth ground electrode 4 ₄ through a piece of underground unscreened cable with a length equal to half the length of the second dipole source (

_DIPOLE / 2), laid in the surface layer at a depth of h _DEPTH , the second output of the second transducer 3 _{2 is} connected to the input of the fourth radio relay station 2 ₄ ; a duplex radio channel through the air connects the N-1 radio relay station 2 _N-1 with the N-th radio relay station 2 _N , the output of the N-th radio relay station 2 _{N is} connected to the input of the N-th converter 3 _N , the first output of the N-th converter 3 _N connected to terminal “a” of the primary winding of the Nth double winding transformer Tp.N, terminal “b” of the primary winding of the Nth double winding transformer Tp.N is grounded, terminal “c” of the secondary winding of the Nth double winding transformer Tp.N is connected to N -1 earthing 4 _N-1 through underground unshielded segment cab A length equal to half the length N of the dipole source (

_DIPOLA / 2), laid in the surface layer at a depth of h _DEPTH , terminal “d” of the secondary winding of the N-th double winding transformer Tp.N is connected to the N-th ground electrode 4 _N through a piece of underground unscreened cable with a length equal to half the length N of the dipole source (

_DIPOLE / 2), laid in the surface layer at a depth of h _DEPTH , the second output N of the converter 3 _{N is} connected to the input of the N-th radio relay station 2 _N.

In FIG. 2, a control unit for a transmitting antenna of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges, comprising a control panel for the channels of the carrier frequency, information and information transmission method 1-1, defining a generator for the operating frequency of the radiation of the transmitting antenna 1-2; the first amplifier 1-3, the block of the information channel 1-4, the second amplifier 1-5, the transmitting channel-forming device (secondary network) 1-6, the operation indicator of each of the N dipole sources 1-7, the receiving channeling device (secondary network) 1- 8; a power source 1-9, while the control channel of the carrier frequency channels, information and information transmission method 1-1 is connected by the first output to the input of the master oscillator of the operating frequency of the radiation of the transmitting antenna 1-2, the output of the master oscillator of the working frequency of the radiation of the transmitting antenna 1-2 is connected in parallel with the second input of the operation indicator of each of the N dipole sources 1-7, and through the first amplifier 1-3 with the first input of the transmitting channel-forming device (secondary network) 1-6; the second output of the control channel of the carrier frequency channels, information and information transmission method 1-1 is connected in parallel with the first input of the operation indicator of each of the N dipole sources 1-7 and with the second input of the transmitting channelization device (secondary network) 1-6; the third output of the control channel of the carrier frequency channels, information and information transmission method 1-1 is connected in parallel with the third input of the operation indicator of each of the N dipole sources 1-7 and through the second amplifier 1-5 with the third input of the transmitting channelization device (secondary network) 1- 6; the output of the transmitting channel-forming device (secondary network) 1-6 is connected to the output of the control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges 1; the input of the control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges 1 is connected through a receiving channel-forming device (secondary network) 1-8 to the input of the operation indicator of each of the N dipole sources 1-7; the power source 1-9 is connected to all nodes of the control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges 1.

In FIG. 3, each from the first to the N-th converter of the dipole source 3 _N contains a receiving channel-forming device (secondary network) 3-1, which defines the generator of the working frequency of the radiation of the dipole source 3-2, information block 3-3, modulator 3-4, power amplifier 3 -5, delay line 3-6, the power indicator at the output of the converter 3-7, the transmitting channel forming device 3-8, the power supply 3-8, while the input of the converter of the dipole source 3 _{N is} connected to the input of the receiving channeling device (secondary network) 3 -one; the first output of the receiving channelization device (secondary network) 3-1 is connected through a master oscillator of the operating frequency of the radiation of the dipole source 3-2 with the first input of the modulator 3-4; the second output of the receiving channelization device (secondary network) 3-1 is connected through the second input of the information block 3-3 with the second input of the modulator 3-4; the third output of the receiving channelization device (secondary network) 3-1 is connected to the first input of the information block 3-3; the output of the modulator 3-4 through the first input of the power amplifier 3-5 through the delay line 3-6 is connected in parallel with the first output of the converter of the dipole source 3 _N , and through the power indicator at the output of the converter 3-7 with the second input of the power amplifier 3-5; the output of the power amplifier 3-5 is connected through a transmitting channel-forming device 3-8 with the second output of the converter of the dipole source 3 _N.

каждый, независимо работающих друг от друга, но по общей программе, задаваемой из единого центра блоком управления передающей антенной сверхнизкочастотного и крайненизкочастотного диапазонов - 1 для всех N дипольных источников с использованием радиорелейного канала, как принадлежность каждого дипольного источника. Глубина прокладки изолированного кабеля в грунте соответствует условиям грунта и равна h_{ГЛУБИНА}.The principle of operation of the “Communication system of ultra-low-frequency (VLF) and ultra-low-frequency (ELF) ranges with deeply immersed and remote objects” is as follows. The communication system on the shore contains an antenna system (Fig. 1), which represents an underground long conductor, isolated from the earth, as a conductive medium, with a length of L _ANTENNA . This extended conductor is divided into N dipole sources of long

each, independently working from each other, but according to a common program set from a single center by the control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges - 1 for all N dipole sources using a radio relay channel, as an accessory of each dipole source. The depth of the insulated cable laying in the soil corresponds to the soil conditions and is equal to h _DEPTH .

), как цепи для протекания антенного тока

диполей. Диаграмма направленности антенны в пределах 60° формируется суммарным током всех N дипольных источников.Based on FIG. 1, the control unit for the transmitting antenna of the ELF and ELF ranges - 1 sets the program of work on the radiation of the transmitting antenna, which consists of N dipole sources. Moreover, the route of all N dipole sources is straightforward with deviations associated with overcoming obstacles: water barriers, settlements, mountain features. Given that the wavelength in the uppermost range at 300 Hz is 1000 km, deviations from the straightness of the path within 10, ..., 50 km will not affect the radiation pattern of the loop antenna, which represents all dipole sources. The dipole sources of the electromagnetic field of the ELF and ELF ranges use the earth as a return wire, in which I _OB returns the current at the depth of the skin layer (

), as a circuit for the flow of antenna current

dipoles. The antenna pattern within 60 ° is formed by the total current of all N dipole sources.

The radiation of the transmitting antenna, consisting of N dipole sources, is controlled from the control panel of the carrier frequency channels, information and information transmission method 1-1, the control unit of the transmitting antenna 1 (Fig. 2). The operating frequency is set from the control panel 1-1, information and an encoding method are received when modulating the carrier frequency. In modern conditions of development of technical means and methods of bringing information to the consumer, there are many methods for implementing information transformations. However, given the very low frequencies, data can be transmitted during encoding using the following methods: frequency and pulse-width. Therefore, from the control panel 1-1, the coding mode is set for its second output to the second input of the transmitting channel forming device (secondary network) 1-6. The first output of the control panel 1-1 determines the code of the operating frequency f _RAB settings of the master oscillator operating frequency of the radiation of the transmitting antenna 1-2. The operating frequency f _{RAB of the} master oscillator 1-2 passes through the first amplifier 1-3 to the first input of the transmitting channel-forming device (secondary network) 1-6, and then, via radio relay channels (Fig. 1) to configure the master oscillators of the working frequency of the dipole radiation sources 3-2 (Fig. 3). The operation of each of the N master oscillators of the operating frequency of the radiation of dipole sources 3-2 is controlled in the control unit of the operating frequencies of the 3 _N dipole sources excited in each converter, by comparing the frequency of the second input of the operation indicator of each of the N dipole sources 1-7 with the frequency of the master oscillator the control unit operating frequency radiation of the transmitting antenna 1-2 (Fig. 2).

The third output of the control channel of the carrier frequency channels, information and the method of transmitting information 1-1 in the control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges (Fig. 2) receives a command to start transmitting information from the information block 1-4. Information is received for transmission over the RF and ELF radio channels through a transmitting antenna (Fig. 1). This information comes from the output of the information block 1-4 to the input of the second amplifier 1-5 and, through it, to the third input of the transmitting channel forming device 1-6 and then to the output of the control unit of the transmitting antenna 1 with subsequent transmission via radio relay channels to the input of the converter 3 _N (FIG. 1 and FIG. 3). In parallel with the output of the information block 1-4, the information goes to the third input of the operation indicator of each of the N dipole sources 1-7 (Fig. 2), where it is compared with the information received at the input of the control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ELF and ELF ranges through the receiving channel-forming device 1 -8, thus, control of the transmitted information by each of the N dipole sources is ensured through the use of feedback in radio relay channels. The power supply 1-9 can be performed using stationary solar panels, given that the transmitting antenna is formed as the sum of low-power dipole sources and is located in areas remote from settlements.

Via radio-relay communication channels 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N (Fig. 1), data on the frequency, coding method, and information are received from the control unit of the transmitting antenna 1 (Fig. 2) for each from N converters of dipole sources from the first 3 ₁ to the N-th - 3 _N. The results of the converters in the form of data on frequency, coding method and information are received in the control unit of the transmitting antenna 1 via the return channels of radio relay communication, for processing and bringing the entire length of the transmitting antenna to the required mode. Thus, the reverse channel of radio relay communication allows you to synchronize the operation of all dipole sources and present the antenna system as a single radiating system.

The incoming information on the operating mode of each of the transmitting antenna control unit 1 from the first to the Nth (3 _N ) converters allows each converter to be set to operating mode according to the data of the transmitting antenna control unit 1. So, at the input of the converter, for example, 3 _N (Fig. . 3) data on frequency, coding method and information is received through a receiving channel-forming device 3-1, the latter provides data separation by its three outputs. At the first output of the receiving channelization device 3-1, the operating frequency f _RAB (possibly a working frequency code) is supplied to start the master oscillator of the working frequency f _{RAB of the} radiation of the dipole source 3-2. The second output of the receiving channelization device 3-1 receives information at the second input of the information block 3-3. At the same time, information on the coding method through the third output of the receiving channelization device 3-1 is received at the first input of the information block 3-3. Information block 3-3 encodes information for a given code and at the output provides modulation of the operating frequency f _RAB at the second input of the modulator 3-4, the first input of which receives the working frequency f _RAB from the output of the generator 3-2. Thus, a radiation signal is generated, i.e. operating frequency modulated by information according to the law of coding. From the output of the modulator 3-4, the radio signal is fed to the power amplifier 3-5, the gain of which is controlled through the second input of the power amplifier 3-5 with voltage feedback from the first output of the 3 _N dipole converter, through the power indicator at the output of the 3-7 converter. The output of the power amplifier 3-5 is connected in parallel through a delay line 3-6 with the first output of the converter of the dipole source 3 _N , and through a transmitting channel forming device 3-8 with the second output of the converter of the dipole source 3 _N. The delay line 3-6 provides a consistent mode for the current of all dipole sources. The setup of delay lines 3-6 in each dipole emitter is carried out at the stage of project development according to the parameters of the ratio of the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic field in the air and in the transmitting antenna. This ratio will affect the radiation pattern of the transmitting antenna, leading it from the transverse radiation to the longitudinal. The power supply 3-9 can be performed using stationary solar panels, given that the transmitting antenna is formed as the sum of low-power dipole sources and is located in areas remote from settlements.

_ДИПОЛЯ. При этом клемма «с» вторичной обмотки двухобмоточного трансформатора Тр.1 соединена с первым заземлителем 4₁ через отрезок подземного неэкранированного кабеля длиной равной половине длины первого дипольного источника (

_ДИПОЛЯ/2), прокладываемого в поверхностном слое на глубине h_{ГЛУБИНА}, клемма «д» вторичной обмотки двухобмоточного трансформатора Тр.1 соединена со вторым заземлителем 4₂ через отрезок подземного неэкранированного кабеля длиной равной половине длины первого дипольного источника (

_ДИПОЛЯ/2), прокладываемого в поверхностном слое на глубине h_{ГЛУБИНА}. Энергия электрического тока сформированного на выходе преобразователя 3₁ протекая по первичной обмотки Тр.1, возбуждает электрический ток во вторичной обмотки трансформатора Тр.1. Этот ток протекает по рамке, образованной электродвижущей силой вторичной обмотки Тр.1 между клеммами «с-д» дипольным источником. Ток течет от клеммы «с» через отрезок подземного кабеля длиной

_ДИПОЛЯ/2 до заземлителя 4₁, далее в земной среде на глубине скин-слоя к заземлителю 4₂ и далее от заземлителя 4₂ по отрезку подземного кабеля длиной

к клемме «д». Таким образом, возбуждается ток во всех дипольных источниках собственным для каждого диполя преобразователем.The first output of the converter of the dipole source, for example, 3 _{1 is} connected to the terminal “a” of the primary winding of the double-winding transformer Tr.1, and the terminal “b” of this winding is grounded (Fig. 1). The secondary winding of a double-winding transformer is included in the middle part of a dipole source with a length of

_DIPOLE . At the same time, terminal “c” of the secondary winding of the double-winding transformer Tr. 1 is connected to the first ground electrode 4 ₁ through a length of underground unshielded cable equal to half the length of the first dipole source (

_DIPOLA / 2), laid in the surface layer at a depth h _DEPTH , terminal “d” of the secondary winding of the double-winding transformer Tr.1 is connected to the second ground electrode 4 ₂ through a piece of underground unscreened cable with a length equal to half the length of the first dipole source (

_DIPOLE / 2), laid in the surface layer at a depth h _DEPTH . The energy of the electric current generated at the output of the Converter 3 ₁ flowing along the primary winding Tr.1, excites an electric current in the secondary winding of the transformer Tr.1. This current flows along the frame formed by the electromotive force of the secondary winding Tr.1 between the terminals “c-d” of the dipole source. Current flows from terminal “c” through a length of underground cable

_DIPOLA / 2 to the ground electrode 4 ₁ , then in the earth's environment at the depth of the skin layer to the ground electrode 4 ₂ and further from the ground electrode 4 ₂ along the length of the underground cable

to terminal “d”. Thus, the current in all dipole sources is excited by its own converter for each dipole.

At the same time, the second output of the first converter 3 ₁ (Fig. 1) is connected to the input of the second radio relay station 2 _{2 a} duplex radio channel through the air connects the radio relay station 2 ₂ with the first radio relay station 2 ₁ , which ensures the transmission of the radiation parameters of the first dipole source to the control unit of the transmitting antenna 1. In a similar way, all dipole sources of the transmitting antenna are excited and controlled by the radiation parameters.

The reception and registration of radiation generated by the ELF-ELF antenna system is carried out using a towed cable antenna, antenna amplifier and receiver of the ELF-ELF range, located on board the underwater object,

An earth-insulated cable can be used as a conductor for the antenna system. Calculations of the parameters of an insulated conductor of various cross sections are presented in the table below.

The table shows that with an underground cable section length of 25 km, the wave impedance is 280 Ohms at a current of 10 A, the voltage in the cable will be about 3000 V. At this voltage, the PDA cable works - underwater coaxial cable. If you lay down the production of a cable without a screen, then it can be used as sections in the considered antenna system - “Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and remote objects”

Следовательно расстояние между заземлителями в каждом дипольном источнике должно превышать двойную сумму скин-слоя, т.е. значительно больше 22 километров. При этом, глубина протекания обратного тока антенной системы будет 11 км.Thus, it is possible to determine the depth of current flow equal to the skin layer for the installed conductivity of the ground of the location of the ground electrodes and the minimum distance between the ground electrodes. So, at a frequency of 3 Hz, the skin layer for σ = 10 ^-4 ⋅ cm / m will be equal to

Therefore, the distance between the ground electrodes in each dipole source must exceed the double sum of the skin layer, i.e. significantly more than 22 kilometers. At the same time, the depth of the reverse current flow of the antenna system will be 11 km.

The authors are not aware of technical solutions from the field of radio communications containing features equivalent to the distinguishing features of the claimed device. The authors are not aware of technical solutions from other areas of technology having the properties of the claimed technical object of the invention. Thus, the claimed technical solution, according to the authors, has the criterion of essential features.

Claims (3)

1. The communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and distant objects contains a transmission system consisting of: a master oscillator, modulator, control, protection and automation system, a power amplifier, a matching device, an antenna current indicator and a current source, while receiving and recording radiation generated by the ELF and ELF generators are carried out using a towed cable antenna, an antenna amplifier and a receiver of the ELF and ELF range, located on board the underwater th object, wherein the program further includes N transmitters, 2N earthing antenna system constructed in the form of an extended length of a straight line L _ANTENNA equal to several tens of hundreds of kilometers, representing a system of N segments called dipole sources length

and laid in the surface layer at a depth of h _DEPTH , the first, second, third, ... and N-th radio relay stations, a two-winding transformer of an energy source connected in the middle part of the length of the dipole source in each of the N dipole sources, while the output of the transmitting control unit an antenna of the ELF and ELF ranges is connected to the input of the first radio relay station, the output of the first radio relay station is connected to the input of the control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ELF and ELF ranges; a duplex radio channel through the air connects the first radio relay station to the second radio relay station, the output of the second radio relay station is connected in parallel with the input of the first converter and the input of the third radio relay station, the output of the third radio relay station is connected to the input of the second radio relay station, the first output of the first converter is connected to the terminal a ”the primary winding of the double-winding transformer Tr.1, terminal“ b ”of the primary winding of the double-winding transformer Tr.1 is grounded, terminal“ c ” Tr.1 orichnoy two winding transformer winding connected to a first earthing through underground unshielded segment length equal to half of the first length of the dipole source

laid in the surface layer at depth h _DEPTH , terminal “d” of the secondary winding of the double-winding transformer Tr.1 is connected to the second ground electrode through a length of underground unshielded cable with a length equal to half the length of the first dipole source

laid in the surface layer at a depth h _DEPTH , the second output of the first transducer is connected to the input of the second radio relay station; a duplex radio channel through the air connects the third radio relay station with the fourth radio relay station, the output of the fourth radio relay station is connected in parallel with the input of the second converter and the input of the fifth radio relay station, the output of the fifth radio relay station is connected to the input of the fourth radio relay station, the first output of the second converter is connected to the terminal a "primary winding of the second double-winding transformer Tr.2, terminal" b "of the primary winding of the second double-winding transformer Tr.2 emlena, terminal "c" of the second secondary winding Tr.2 two winding transformer connected to a third earthing through underground unshielded segment length equal to half the length of the second dipole source

laid in the surface layer at a depth of h _DEPTH , terminal “d” of the secondary winding of the second double-winding transformer Tr.2 is connected to the fourth ground electrode through a length of underground unshielded cable with a length equal to half the length of the second dipole source

laid in the surface layer at a depth h _DEPTH , the second output of the second transducer is connected to the input of the fourth radio relay station; a duplex radio channel through the air connects the N-1 radio relay station to the N-th radio relay station, the output of the N-th radio relay station is connected to the input of the N-th converter, the first output of the N-th converter is connected to the terminal “a” of the primary winding of the N-th double-winding transformer Tr.N, terminal “b” of the primary winding of the Nth double winding transformer Tr.N is grounded, terminal “c” of the secondary winding of the Nth double winding transformer Tp.N is connected to the N-1 ground electrode through a length of an underground unshielded cable equal to ine length N dipole source

laid in the surface layer at a depth of h _DEPTH , terminal “d” of the secondary winding of the N-th double-winding transformer Tr.N is connected to the N-th ground electrode through a length of underground unshielded cable with a length equal to half the length N of the dipole source

laid in the surface layer at a depth h _DEPTH , the second output of the N converter is connected to the input of the N-th radio relay station. 2. The communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit for the transmitting antenna of the VLF and ELF ranges contains a control panel for the channels of the carrier frequency, information and the method of transmitting information, specifying the generator of the operating frequency of the radiation of the transmitting antenna, the first amplifier, the block of the information channel, the second an amplifier transmitting a channel forming device, an operation indicator of each of the N dipole sources, a receiving channel forming device; a power source, while the control channel of the carrier frequency channels, information and the method of transmitting information is connected to the input of the master oscillator of the operating frequency of the transmitting antenna, the output of the master oscillator of the working frequency of the transmitting antenna is connected in parallel with the second input of the operation indicator of each of the N dipole sources, and through a first amplifier with a first input of a transmitting channel forming device; the second output of the control channel of the carrier frequency channels, information and information transfer method is connected in parallel with the first input of the operation indicator of each of the N dipole sources and with the second input of the transmitting channel-forming device; the third output of the control channel of the carrier frequency channels, information and the method of transmitting information is connected in parallel with the third input of the operation indicator of each of the N dipole sources and through the second amplifier with the third input of the transmitting channelization device; the output of the transmitting channel-forming device is connected to the output of the control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ELF and ELF ranges, the input of the control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ELF and ELF ranges is connected through the receiving channeling device to the input of the operation indicator of each of the N dipole sources; the power source is connected to all nodes of the control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ELF and ELF ranges and can be made in the form of solar panels, given the low power of consumers. 3. The communication system according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the first through the Nth converter of the dipole source contains a receiving channelization device defining a generator of the operating frequency of the radiation of the dipole source, an information block, a modulator, a power amplifier, a delay line, a power indicator on the output of the converter, the transmitting channel forming device, a power source, while the input of the converter of the dipole source is connected to the input of the receiving channel forming device; the first output of the receiving channelization device is connected through a master oscillator of the operating frequency of the radiation of the dipole source to the first input of the modulator; the second output of the receiving channelization device is connected through the second input of the information block to the second input of the modulator; the third output of the receiving channelization device is connected to the first input of the information block; the output of the modulator through the first input of the power amplifier through a delay line is connected in parallel with the first output of the converter of the dipole source, and through the power indicator at the output of the converter with the second input of the power amplifier; the output of the power amplifier is connected through a transmitting channel-forming device to the second output of the converter of the dipole source; the power source is connected to all nodes of the control unit of the transmitting antenna of the ELF and ELF ranges and can be made in the form of solar panels, given the low power of consumers.

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