RU2590899C2 - Communication system for very low frequency and extremely low frequency range with deeply submerged and remote objects - 2 - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to communication systems with submerged objects on waves very low frequency (VLF) and extremely low frequency (ELF) ranges. Communication system for very low frequency and extremely low frequency ranges with deeply submerged and remote objects - 2 has a transmitting system consisting of: a driving generator; modulator; control, protection and automation system; power amplifier; matching device; current indicator of antenna and current source; reception and registration of radiation generated by VLF-ELF-generators is carried out using antenna, antenna amplifier and VLF-ELF receiver, located onboard underwater object, wherein system further includes: N converters, N antenna system earthing devices, made in form of an extended straight line consisting of N sections, sections of underground unshielded cable, antenna system with length l equal to several tens of hundreds of kilometers. Each of N converters is identical and comprises: a section of underground cable with length of not more than 20 km in antenna system; source of electric power of each of units via power supply converter circuits; information transformer; power transformer; first amplifier; integrated circuit (circuit); second valve B.2; differential circuit; first valve B.1; second amplifier; third amplifier; a clock pulse generator; modulator; power amplifier; current transformer; power controller at input of power amplifier. Each of N current transformers comprises a three-winding transformer to provide specified parameters of current in all sections of antenna system. Receiving antenna system comprises N sections of frame antennae on housing of object, N amplifiers and N adders of induced EMF, output of adders is connected to input of receiver. Use of device enables to solve electromagnetic compatibility of transmitting antenna with radioelectronic equipment and engineering structures and in receiving antenna of an underwater object a circular beam pattern in horizontal plane, which provides movement of object in different directions without designation of course.

EFFECT: providing electromagnetic compatibility of "communication system…" with radioelectronic equipment, power transmission lines, cable communication lines, engineering structures and environmental safety in area of placement of antenna system of radio station, development of receiving antenna system on housing of underwater object.

7 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and radio engineering, in particular to the communication technology of the ELF-ELF range, and can be used for communication with deeply submerged and remote underwater objects.

The well-known "Method of seismic exploration" (patent No. 2029318 RU G01V 1/09, 1995). This method of seismic exploration consists in exciting a probing signal and receiving multichannel reception of reflected and diffracted waves from an object, processing with the selection of waves in the directions of arrival, and displaying the results in the form of parameter sizes on the platform. The disadvantage of this method is that it uses approximate data interpolation, which in some cases leads to low reliability of sensing results.

A device is known "Method of electromagnetic sounding of the earth's crust using normalized field sources" (patent No. 2093863, RU G01V 3/12, 1997). This device contains two sinusoidal current generators, which are loaded on long, low-lying, horizontally oriented and grounded at the ends of the antenna, the registration of radiation generated by the microwave system is carried out using the measuring complex of the Joint Institute of Earth Physics (UIFZ) RAS type "Borok" . However, this installation does not provide information transfer with deeply loaded and remote underwater objects, since it does not have a receiving complex in its composition, and also does not have an adequate level of ELF-ELF signals at large distances from the source.

A device is known "Unified generator-measuring complex of ELF-ELF radiation for geophysical research." Patent No. 2188439 RU dated 08.27.02 G01V 3/12. The complex consists of a master oscillator, N sinusoidal current generators loaded on long, low-lying horizontally oriented transmitting antennas with grounding conductors at the ends, and the radiation generated by the ELF-ELF generators is recorded using a measuring complex, while all N generators are connected to single master oscillator. The master oscillator is a single-phase bridge inverter made on powerful semiconductor controlled thyristor valves. The disadvantages of the device "Unified generator-measuring ..." - a well-known generator-measuring complex - is the low radiation level of the ELF-ELF signals and their registration at large distances from the source, so the nominal active power during tests for active load is not more than 30 kW, and also low reliability of the complex in the conditions of induced noise (with deep suppression of harmonics of industrial frequency). In addition, due to the high requirements imposed by electromagnetic field theory on the propagation of radio signals in the oceans, it is necessary to have a special antenna, a low-noise antenna amplifier and an analog-to-digital receiver for communication with remote and deeply immersed objects.

, где π=3,14; f - частота электромагнитной волны, от 3 до 300 Гц; µ=4·π·10^-7, Гн/м.; σ - проводимость морской воды от 1 до 4 Сименс на метр. Используя самые низкие частоты от 3 до 300 Гц (КНЧ и СНЧ), можно получить глубину подводного радиоприема больше 100 метров. Поэтому для связи с удаленными глубокопогруженными подводными объектами (подводные лодки, подводные аппараты, батискафы, подводные дома и т.п.) предложена система связи СНЧ-КНЧ-диапазона. Электромагнитные волны этого диапазона являются пригодными для решения указанной задачи вследствие их способности проникать в толщу морской воды на значительную глубину. Кроме того, по сравнению с электромагнитными волнами других диапазонов распространение СНЧ-КНЧ-сигналов в волноводе «земля-ионосфера» отличается высокой стабильностью даже при возникновении различных возмущений в ионосфере.The well-known "Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency range with deeply immersed and remote objects" (patent No. 2350020 RU). The radio waves of most of the electromagnetic range do not penetrate into sea water. The penetration depth of electromagnetic energy is determined by the following formula: $$h=\mathrm{one}/\sqrt{2\pi \cdot f\mu \sigma }$$

where π = 3.14; f is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, from 3 to 300 Hz; µ = 4 · π · 10 ^-7 , GN / m .; σ is the conductivity of sea water from 1 to 4 Siemens per meter. Using the lowest frequencies from 3 to 300 Hz (ELF and ELF), you can get the depth of the underwater radio more than 100 meters. Therefore, for communication with remote deep-submerged underwater objects (submarines, underwater vehicles, bathyscaphes, underwater houses, etc.), a communication system of the ELF-ELF range is proposed. Electromagnetic waves of this range are suitable for solving this problem due to their ability to penetrate into the thickness of sea water to a considerable depth. In addition, in comparison with electromagnetic waves of other ranges, the propagation of ELF-ELF signals in the ground-ionosphere waveguide is highly stable even when various disturbances arise in the ionosphere.

The basic patent is No. 2350020 RU, entitled “Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and distant objects”, which contains “n” sinusoidal current generators loaded on long, low-lying horizontally oriented transmitting antennas with grounding conductors, and the reception and registration of radiation generated by the ELF-ELF generators are carried out using a towed cable antenna, an antenna amplifier and a receiver of the ELF-ELF range located at and onboard the underwater object, while the master oscillator consists of a control, protection and automation system (SURZA), a thyristor rectifier, a first protection device, an autonomous voltage inverter, a second protection device, a matching device, a power device and two input switches, while the input switches made of three-position and sequentially three inputs connected to a thyristor rectifier, and on the connecting lines installed current sensor (DT) and voltage sensors (DN), which are connected They are connected to a control, regulation and automation system, and the rectifier through a protection device with two outputs is connected to an autonomous inverter, which in turn is connected to a matching device through a protection device, while the matching device is connected to the antenna, and SURZA is connected to an external control station and a step-down a rectifier, which is connected by its input to the third input of the high-voltage power supply device of the generator, and that in turn is connected by the first input to the input switch, and the second input to onizhayuschimi power supplies, the deep-seated and on the remote object set towed antenna cable, through which the aerial amplifier is connected to the receiver ELF ELF range.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- high power “n” generators of at least 100 kW;

- “n” antenna devices with “2n” planar grounding conductors (each low-lying antenna has two grounding conductors at the ends of the antenna), therefore, a large area of the earth's surface is affected by the reverse currents of the antenna, and the placement of electronic means on this area is impossible;

- the electromagnetic field created by the "n" antenna devices affects all systems at considerable distances;

=11259 м≈11 км, при двух заземлителях, чтобы не было поверхностных токов замыкания, длина антенны должна превышать 20 км. А учитывая, что для создания заданного магнитного момента необходимо «n» антенных устройств с «2n» плоскостными заземлителями, общая площадь пораженная мощными электромагнитными полями недопустимо огромна даже для нашей России;- the environmental risk of exceeding the ELF ELS standards (maximum permissible exposure standards for personnel serving the ELF station and residents of nearby areas, as well as plants, animals and the entire environment). For example, an antenna made in the form of power lines (power lines) is supplied with a voltage of 30 kV, and the height of the antenna’s suspension due to surface irregularities reaches 5 meters due to a sag. Therefore, the field strength along the antenna will be determined E = (30kV) / (5m) = 6kV. As can be seen, along the antenna, the field strength is 6 kV, which exceeds three times the norm of the remote control. Although the rules of the remote control recommend staying no more than 8 hours in areas where the field strength of the electric component reaches 2 kV. Moreover, the length of the antennas depends on the skin layer, for example, at a frequency of 3 Hz, the skin layer for σ = 10 ^-4 S / m will be equal to $$h=\mathrm{one}/\sqrt{2\pi \cdot f\mu \sigma }$$

= 11259 m≈11 km, with two ground electrodes, so that there are no surface fault currents, the antenna length should exceed 20 km. And given that in order to create a given magnetic moment, “n” antenna devices with “2n” planar ground electrodes are needed, the total area affected by powerful electromagnetic fields is unacceptably huge even for our Russia;

- a towed cable antenna is installed on a deeply immersed and remote object, reception and registration of radiation generated by the ELF-ELF generators is carried out using a towed cable antenna, an antenna amplifier and an ELF-ELF receiver located on board the underwater object; a towed cable type antenna up to 1000 meters long, such an antenna, first of all, limits the speed of the underwater object to 6 knots, although the object can reach speeds much more, in addition, it impedes the maneuver of the underwater object, since the cable type antenna has directional properties, and the object should move only in the direction of the coordinates of the coast transmitting antenna, or in the opposite direction.

Thus, the layout in a limited area of the antenna system, consisting of “n” antenna devices with “2n” planar ground electrodes with 100 kW generators connected to them, is dangerous for this region and solve the problem of electromagnetic compatibility with RES, power lines, cable lines, as well as the problem of environmental safety is not possible. In addition, at the reception, a towed cable-type antenna near an underwater object limits the possibility of maneuvering the object in horizontal and vertical planes, in terms of speed, and the choice of course (direction) of movement. Difficulties also arise when releasing a cable-type antenna from an underwater object, since with a differential on the nose, the cable that is being released or already towed falls under the screw, and the screw cuts it into pieces.

The aim of the invention is:

- reducing the power level of the generator;

- creation of an ELF-ELF antenna that does not affect the electromagnetic environment of the antenna location area;

- to provide electromagnetic compatibility with electronic equipment, power lines and cable lines, as well as the creation of environmental safety for humans and the environment;

- place the receiving antenna system on the body of the underwater object, which will ensure constant radio reception of the ELF-ELF signals, the independence of maneuver and the direction of movement of the underwater object.

This goal is achieved through the use of one low-power ELF-ELF generator, two earthing switches, “n” amplifiers, “n” control system blocks for one transmission cable of several tens of hundreds of kilometers in the “Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply submerged and remote objects” antennas with a current in it, allowing to provide a given magnetic moment to ensure communication with deeply immersed and remote objects and not affecting electromagnetic compatibility radio-electronic means, power transmission lines and cable lines as well as the creation of environmental safety conditions for humans and the environment; in addition, due to the placement of the receiving antenna system on the body of the underwater object, reliable reception of VLF-ELF signals is ensured.

Indeed, the resonant frequency f _{0 of the} Earth-ionosphere spherical resonator is defined as the equator length of 40,000 km divided by the speed of light (3 · 10 ⁸ m / s) or f ₀ = (40,000,000 m) / (3 · 10 ⁸ m / s ) = 7 Hz. The Earth-ionosphere resonator resonates at a frequency of 7 Hz. Therefore, frequencies from 3 to 300 Hz can excite this resonator, provided that the excitation energy is sufficient. And an excited resonator has almost the same field strength anywhere in the world. In the prototype, the excitation is made by "n" generators with a capacity of 100 kW each, which create a current in the "n" frame antennas. The frame is formed by the antenna current, in the form of a 30 kV power transmission line, and the reverse current in the earth flowing between the ground electrodes. It is known that for the excitation of the resonator the magnetic moment of the antenna must be not less than or M≥10 ⁸ · [A · m ² ]. The magnetic moment of the loop antenna is determined

(π=3,14; f - частота электромагнитной волны 3-300 Гц; µ=4·π·10^-7, Гн/м; σ - проводимость земли в районе размещения антенны выбирается от 10^-4 до 10^-5 См/м); l - длина антенны в метрах.where I _A is the current in the antenna in Amperes; h - the depth of the current flow in the earth is determined by the following formula: $$h=\mathrm{one}/\sqrt{2\pi \cdot f\mu \sigma }$$

(π = 3.14; f is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave 3-300 Hz; μ = 4 · π · 10 ^-7 , GN / m; σ is the conductivity of the earth in the region where the antenna is placed, it is selected from 10 ^-4 to 10 ^-5 S m); l is the length of the antenna in meters.

The calculation shows that if the current is taken equal to I _A = 1 ampere, the depth of the reverse current flow is taken equal to h = 10 km, then the antenna length should be about l = 1000 km. Therefore, in order to exclude the influence of current on the radio electronic means (RES) surrounding the antenna, high-voltage power lines and cable lines, the antenna must have a small current, but a large length. For example, when using a frequency of 3 hertz, these objects have a great influence, given the large penetration depth through the shielding sheaths of cables and the housing of electronic equipment.

Thus, the VLF-ELF antenna must have a large length to achieve a given magnetic moment and a low current to ensure its environmental safety during operation, as well as ensuring electromagnetic compatibility with RES, cable highways, high-voltage power lines and engineering structures.

In FIG. 1 shows the antenna "Communication systems of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency range with deeply immersed and remote objects", where:

- 1 - a transmission system comprising: a master oscillator 1-1, a modulator 1-2, a control, protection and automation system 1-3, a power amplifier 1-4, a matching device 1-5, a current indicator of the antenna system 1-6, a source electrical energy 1-7 power transmission system 1;

- 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N - first, second, third, fourth, fifth, ... and N converters;

- 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ , 3 ₄ , 3 ₅ , 3 ₆ , ..., 3 _N - first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, ... and N grounding conductors;

- 4 - one of the N sections (any 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ , 4 ₄ , 4 ₅ , ..., 4 _N ) of the antenna system of length l, included between 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N converters (as an insulated conductor no more than 20 km long, located in the ground at a depth of h _K or called an underground or underwater unshielded cable);

- l is the length of the antenna system of the ELF-ELF, consisting of N sections 4 of an underground (underwater) unshielded cable;

;- h - the depth of the reverse current of the antenna $$\left(h=\mathrm{one}/\sqrt{2\pi \cdot f\mu \sigma }\right)$$

;

- h _K - the depth of the underground (underwater) unshielded cable of the antenna system;

- I _A - current in the antenna (underground cable) and reverse current in the ground.

In FIG. 2 one of the N converters (any 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N ):

- 4 - section of the antenna system (underground or underwater unshielded cable), any 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ , 4 ₄ , 4 ₅ , 4 _N ;

- 5 - a source of electrical energy;

- 6 - information transformer;

- 7 - power transformer;

- 8 - the first amplifier;

- 9 - integral chain;

- 10 - differential chain;

- 11 - the second amplifier;

- 12 - the third amplifier;

- 13 - clock generator;

- 14 - modulator;

- 15 - power amplifier;

- 16 - current transformer;

- 17 - power regulator at the input of the power amplifier 15;

- ток в N-1 секции антенны длиной 20 км;- $$I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}$$

- current in the N-1 section of the antenna 20 km long;

- ток в N секции антенны длиной 20 км;- $$I_A^N$$

- current in the N section of the antenna 20 km long;

- разность токов N-1 секции и N секции антенной системы.- $$I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}-I_A^N$$

- the difference of the currents of the N-1 section and N sections of the antenna system.

от N-1 секции антенной системы в первой обмотке 1, с током $$I_A^N$$

от N секции антенной системы во второй обмотке 2 токового трансформатора 16, разностный ток $$\left(I_A^{N-1}-I_A^N\right)$$

от N-1 секции антенной системы и N секции антенной системы первой 1 и второй обмоток 2, возбуждаемый в третьей обмотке 3 токового трансформатора 16.In FIG. 3 current transformer 16 contains a three-winding transformer Tr. 1, with current $$I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}$$

from N-1 sections of the antenna system in the first winding 1, with current $$I_A^N$$

from the N section of the antenna system in the second winding 2 of the current transformer 16, the differential current $$\left(I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}-I_A^N\right)$$

from the N-1 section of the antenna system and the N section of the antenna system of the first 1 and second windings 2, excited in the third winding 3 of the current transformer 16.

In FIG. 4 shows a receiving antenna system of an underwater object, comprising: N sections of frame receiving antennas 18 _N , N amplifiers of frame receiving antennas 19 _N , N summing devices of induced EMF of frame receiving antennas 20 _N.

In FIG. 5 shows one of N identical sections of a frame antenna 18 _N , comprising: orthogonally located identical first and second blocks of three frame antennas with ferrite cores 21 and 22; first and second frequency selective blocks 23 ₁ and 23 ₂ ; first and second containers C ₁ and C ₂ ; the first and second separation inductances L ₇ and L ₈ .

In FIG. 6 shows a device for summing induced EMF of frame antennas 20 _N , containing N adders (for example, 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ , 20 ₃ , ..., 20 _N ), in each of N adders a double-winding transformer (for example, Tp.1, Tp.2, ..., Tp.N).

In FIG. 7 shows a frequency-selective block 23, comprising: an impedance converter 24, a frequency-voltage converter 25, a frequency converter (step-down) 26.

In FIG. 8 shows an impedance converter (gyrator), comprising: first op-amp 1 and second op-amp 2 operational amplifiers, resistors first R1, second R2, third R3 and fourth R4, load capacitance C and varicap Vp.

The “Communication System of the Ultra-Low-Frequency and Extreme-Low-Frequency Bands with Deeply Submerged and Remote Objects”, presented in FIG. 1, comprises a transmission system 1, consisting of: a master oscillator 1-1, a modulator 1-2, a control, protection and automation system 1-3, a power amplifier 1-4, a matching device 1-5, an antenna current indicator 1-6, and current source 1-7; N converters - 2 (for example, 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N ), N grounding antennas (for example, 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ , 3 ₄ , 3 ₅ , 3 ₆ , ..., 3 _N ), N pieces of underground unshielded cable 4 _N antenna system of length l (the antenna system is an insulated conductor located in the ground or underground unshielded cable), while the first input of the transmitting system 1 is connected to the first input of the modulator 1-2 and the second input of modulator 1-2 is connected to the output of the master oscillator 1-1, the output of modulator 1-2 is connected to the first input of the power amplifier 1-4, the output of the control system, Industrial automation 1-3 is connected in parallel with the second input of the power amplifier 1-4, to the input of the master oscillator 1-1 and the second input matching device 1-5, the third input of the power amplifier 1-4 is connected to a first earthing the antenna ₁ via the System 3 the second input of the transmitting system 1, through the input of the antenna current indicator 1-6, the output of the power amplifier 1-4 is connected through the first input of the matching device 1-5, through the first output of the matching device with the output of the transmitting system 1, the second output of the matching device 1-5 is connected with first entry the control system, protection and automation 1-3, the second input of the control, protection and automation 1-3 is connected to the output of the antenna current indicator 1-6, the current source 1-7 is connected in parallel with the inputs of blocks 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5 of their power supply in the transmitting system 1; the output of the transmitting system 1 is connected through the first segment of the underground cable 4 _{1 of the} antenna system to the input of the first converter 2 ₁ , the first output of the first converter 2 _{1 is} connected using the second segment of the underground cable 4 _{2 of the} antenna system to the input of the second converter 2 ₂ , and the second output of the first converter 2 ₂ connected to the second ground electrode 3 ₂ antenna system; the output of the second converter 2 _{2 is} connected through the third segment of the underground cable 4z of the antenna system to the input of the third converter 2 ₃ , and the second output of the second converter 2 _{2 is} connected to the third ground electrode 3 _{3 of the} antenna system; the output of the third converter 2 _{3 is} connected through the fourth segment of the underground cable 4 _{4 of the} antenna system to the input of the fourth converter 2 ₄ , and the second output of the third converter 2 _{3 is} connected to the fourth ground electrode 3 _{4 of the} antenna system; the output of the fourth converter 2 _{4 is} connected through the fifth segment of the underground cable 4 _{5 of the} antenna system to the input of the fifth converter 2 ₅ , and the second output of the fourth converter 2 _{4 is} connected to the fifth ground electrode 3 _{5 of the} antenna system; the output of the fifth converter 2 _{5 is} connected through the sixth section of the underground cable 4 _{6 of the} antenna system to the input of the sixth converter 2 ₆ , and the second output of the fifth converter 2 _{5 is} connected to the sixth ground electrode 3 _{6 of the} antenna system; this ensures the connection of subsequent converters with subsequent pieces of cable in the antenna system; the output N-1 of the converter 2 _{N-1 is} connected through the N segment of the underground cable 4 _{N of the} antenna system to the input N of the converter 2 _N , and the second output N-1 of the converter 2 _{N is} connected to the N ground electrode 3 _{N of the} antenna system; the output of the converter 2 _{N is} connected to the N ground electrode 3 _N antenna system.

- ток в N-1 секции антенны системы длиной до 20 км; $$I_A^N$$

- ток в N секции антенны системы длиной до 20 км; $$I_A^{N-1}-I_A^N$$

- разность токов N-1 секции антенны и N секции антенны, при этом вход N-1 отрезка подземного кабеля 4 секции антенной системы соединен через первичную обмотку информационного трансформатора (Тр.И) 6 с первым входом токового трансформатора 16 и через первый выход токового трансформатора 16 со вторым выходом преобразователя 2_N, вторичная обмотка 2 информационного трансформатора (Тр.И) 6 соединена через первый усилитель 8 параллельно с входом интегральной цепочки 9 и с входом дифференциальной цепочки 10; выход дифференциальной цепочки соединен с первым входом усилителя мощности 15 через первый вентиль В.1, через второй усилитель 11, через генератор тактовых импульсов 13, через первый вход модулятора 14; выход интегрирующей цепочки 9 соединен через второй вентиль В.2, через третий усилитель 12 со вторым входом модулятора 14; второй выход токового трансформатора 16 через регулятор мощности 17 соединен со вторым входом усилителя мощности 15; выход усилителя мощности 15 соединен с первичной обмоткой 1 силового трансформатора (Тр.С) 7; вторичная обмотка 2 силового трансформатора (Тр.С) 7 соединена клеммой «а» со вторым входом токового трансформатора 16, а клеммой «в» через первый выход преобразователя 2_N с входом N отрезка подземного кабеля 4₂ секции антенной системы.One of the N converters 2 _N (any 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N ) in FIG. 2 contains: an underground cable 4 sections of the antenna system, a power supply source of 5 converter blocks 2 _N , an information transformer Tr. I6, a power transformer Tr. C7, a first amplifier 8, an integrated circuit 9, a second valve B.2, a differential circuit 10, the first valve B.1, the second amplifier 11, the third amplifier 12, the clock 13, the modulator 14, the power amplifier 15, the current transformer 16, the power regulator 17 at the input of the power amplifier 15, $$N_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}$$

- current in the N-1 section of the antenna of the system up to 20 km long; $$I_A^N$$

- current in the N section of the antenna of the system up to 20 km long; $$I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}-I_A^N$$

- the current difference N-1 section of the antenna and N section of the antenna, while the input N-1 of the segment of the underground cable 4 sections of the antenna system is connected through the primary winding of the information transformer (Tr. I) 6 with the first input of the current transformer 16 and through the first output of the current transformer 16 with the second output of the converter 2 _N , the secondary winding 2 of the information transformer (Tr. I) 6 is connected through the first amplifier 8 in parallel with the input of the integrated circuit 9 and with the input of the differential circuit 10; the differential circuit output is connected to the first input of the power amplifier 15 through the first valve B.1, through the second amplifier 11, through the clock generator 13, through the first input of the modulator 14; the output of the integrating chain 9 is connected through the second valve B.2, through the third amplifier 12 with the second input of the modulator 14; the second output of the current transformer 16 through the power regulator 17 is connected to the second input of the power amplifier 15; the output of the power amplifier 15 is connected to the primary winding 1 of the power transformer (Tr. C) 7; the secondary winding 2 of the power transformer (Tr. C) 7 is connected by terminal “a” to the second input of the current transformer 16, and terminal “b” through the first output of the converter 2 _N with the input N of the length of the underground cable 4 ₂ sections of the antenna system.

от N-1 секции подземного кабеля 4₁ антенной системы в первичной обмотке, втекаемым через первый вход на выход токового трансформатора 16 к заземлителю 3_N, с током $$I_A^N$$

в N секции подземного кабеля 4₂ антенной системы, протекаемым во второй обмотке 2 токового трансформатора 16, втекаемым через первый выход от заземлителя 3_N, разностный ток $$I_A^{N-1}-I_A^N$$

от N-1 секции антенны и N секции антенны первой 3 и второй обмоток 2, возбуждаемый в третьей обмотке 3 токового трансформатора 16.In FIG. 3, the current transformer 16 contains a three-winding transformer Tr. 1, with the first input of the current transformer 16 through the first winding 1 of the three-winding transformer Tr.1 connected to terminal “a”, the second input of the current transformer 16 through the secondary winding 2 of the three-winding transformer Tr.1 connected to terminal “a”, the second output of the current transformer 16 through the third winding 3 of the three-winding transformer Tr. 1 is connected to terminal “a”, terminal “a” is connected to the first output of current transformer 16; with current $$I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}$$

from the N-1 section of the underground cable 4 _{1 of the} antenna system in the primary winding flowing through the first input to the output of the current transformer 16 to the ground electrode 3 _N , with current $$I_A^N$$

in the N section of the underground cable 4 _{2 of the} antenna system, flowing in the second winding 2 of the current transformer 16, flowing through the first output from the ground electrode 3 _N , differential current $$I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}-I_A^N$$

from the N-1 section of the antenna and the N section of the antenna of the first 3 and second windings 2, excited in the third winding 3 of the current transformer 16.

In FIG. 4 shows a receiving antenna system of an underwater object containing N sections of loop antennas 18 _N receiving antenna systems, N amplifiers of loop antennas 19 _N , N devices for summing induced EMF of loop antennas 20 _{N of the} receiving antenna system, while the output of the first section of frame antenna 18 _{1 is} connected through the first amplifier of the loop antenna 19 ₁ , through the first summation device of the induced EMF of the loop antennas 20 ₁ with the second input of the second summation device of the induced EMF of the loop antennas 20 ₂ ; the output of the second section of the loop antenna 18 _{2 is} connected through the second amplifier of the loop antennas 19 ₂ , through the first input of the second summed device of the induced EMF of the loop antennas 20 ₂ with the second input of the third summation device of the induced EMF of the loop antennas 20 ₃ ; the output of the third section of the loop antenna 18 _{3 is} connected through the third amplifier of the loop antennas 19 ₃ , through the first input of the third induction summation device of the loop antennas 20 ₃ with the second input of the fourth induction summation device of the loop antennas 20 ₄ ; Output of the loop antenna of the fourth section 18 ₄ is connected via a fourth amplifier loop antennas April _19, through the first input of the fourth unit summation induced emf loop antennas April ₂₀ to the second input of the fifth unit summation induced emf loop antennas through the second input of the sixth, seventh to N summing devices induced EMF of loop antennas 20 _N ; the output of the N section of the loop antenna 18 _{N is} connected through the N amplifier of the loop antennas 19 _N , through the first input N of the summation device of the induced EMF of the loop antennas 20 _N with the input of the receiver 21.

In FIG. 5 shows one of N sections of the same type of the frame antenna 18 _N , containing identical orthogonally located identical first and second blocks of three sections of the frame antennas with ferrite cores 21 and 22, the first and second frequency-selective blocks 23 ₁ and 23 ₂ , the first and second capacitances C ₁ and C ₂ , the first and second separation inductances L ₇ and L ₈ , while the input section of the frame antenna 18 _{N is} connected in parallel with the inputs of the first and second frequency-selective blocks 23 ₁ and 23 ₃ ; three loop antennas L ₁ , L ₂ and L _{3 of the} first block of three loop antennas with ferrite cores 21 are connected in parallel to the grounded terminal “B”, and on the other hand are connected in parallel to the output of the block of three loop antennas with ferrite cores 21 ; the output of the block of three loop antennas with ferrite cores 21 is connected to terminal “d”, terminal “d” is connected to terminal “a” through the first isolation inductance L ₇ , and terminal “d” is connected in parallel with the output of the first frequency-selective block 23 ₁ and a grounded first capacitance C _1, three loop antennas L ₄ , L ₅ and L _{6 of the} second block of three loop antennas with ferrite cores 22 are connected in parallel with the grounded terminal “c”, and on the other hand in parallel with the output of the block of three frame sections Tenn ferrite core 22; the output of the block of three sections of the loop antenna with ferrite cores 22 is connected to the terminal “e”, the terminal “e” is connected to the terminal “a” through the second isolation inductance L ₈ , and the terminal “e” is connected in parallel with the output of the second frequency-selective block 23 ₂ and a grounded second capacitance C ₂ ; terminal “a” is connected to the output of the section of the loop antenna 18 _N.

In FIG. 6 shows a device for summing induced EMF of frame antennas 20 _N , containing N adders (for example, 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ , 20 ₃ , ..., 20 _N ), in each of N adders a double-winding transformer, while the input of the first adder 20 _{1 is} connected through the primary the winding of the first transformer Tr. 1 with an earth wire, the secondary winding of the first transformer Tr. 1 is grounded on one side and connected to the second input of the second adder 20 ₂ through the output of the first adder 20 ₁ ; the first input of the second adder 20 _{2 is} connected through the primary winding of the second transformer Tr.2 with an earth wire, the secondary winding of the second transformer Tr.2 is grounded on one side, and on the other hand connected through the output of the second adder 20 ₂ to the second input of the third adder 20 ₃ ; the first input of the third adder 20 _{3 is} connected through the primary winding of the third transformer Tr.3 with an earth wire, the secondary winding of the third transformer Tr.3 is grounded on one side, and connected on the other side through the output of the third (fourth, fifth and subsequent) adder 20 ₃ the second input of the third, fourth and subsequent adders 20 _N and through the output N of the adder is connected to the input of the receiving device.

In FIG. 7 shows a frequency selective block 23, containing 24 impedance converter (gyrator), 25 frequency-voltage converter, 26 frequency converter (step-down), while the input of frequency selective block 23 is connected to the output of the frequency selective block 23 through frequency converter (step-down) 26, through frequency converter -voltage 25 and through an impedance converter 24.

, то зная емкость С у гиратора (фиг. 8) можно определить индуктивность исходя из параметров гиратораIn FIG. Figure 8 shows an impedance converter (gyrator) containing the first op-amp 1 and second op-amp 2 operational amplifiers, resistors first R1, second R2, third R3 and fourth R4, load capacitance - C and varicap Vp. The principle of operation of the impedance converter (gyrator) is presented in the literature of the authors W. Titze, K. Schenk "Semiconductor circuitry", - M .: ed. Mir, 1983, section 12.6, pp. 180-183. The gyrator allows you to convert the capacity of the load capacitance C (Fig. 8) into the inductance at the output of the gyrator. For example, with a load capacitance of 1 μF, the output inductance will be 100 G. To create such an inductance is quite difficult, since it will have a large weight and very significant dimensions. The calculation of the required inductance L _{0 of the} parallel oscillatory circuit for receiving the ELF-ELF electromagnetic fields from 3 to 300 Hz is carried out in accordance with the formula $$f_0=\mathrm{one}/\left(2\pi \sqrt{L_0\cdot C_0}\right)$$

, then knowing the capacitance C at the gyrator (Fig. 8), we can determine the inductance based on the parameters of the gyrator

L ₀ = (R1 · R2 · R4 · С) / R3, where L ₀ - in H, R - in ohms, C - in nF.

In parallel to the capacitance C, a Vic varicap is turned on, which allows you to change the load capacitance depending on the voltage supplied to the varicap up to 300 pF, if you need to increase the capacitance, you should turn on the varicap block instead of one (for the varicap operation, see page 24, section 3.3, literature of the authors W. Titze, K. Shenk “Semiconductor circuitry”, - M .: Mir, 1983. The principle of controlling the change in inductance at the output of the gyrator is shown in the journal Radio 11, 1996, by Petin G .P. "Applications gyrator in resonance amplifiers and generators. "

The principle of operation of “Communication systems of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and remote objects” is as follows.

The communication system on the shore contains an antenna system (Fig. 1), which represents one underground long conductor of length l isolated from the earth as a conductive medium. This extended conductor is divided into N sections connected in series with each other. Neighboring sections, of N sections, are interconnected via a 2 _N converter, of N converters in the antenna system, each of N converters is connected to its own ground electrode 3 _N of N grounding conductors. Transmitting system 1, consisting of a master oscillator 1-1, a modulator 1-2, a control, protection and automation system 1-3, a power amplifier 1-4, a matching device 1-5, an antenna current indicator 1-6, and a current source 1 -7, it is intended to create a given current in the antenna system corresponding to the required value of the magnetic moment of the antenna at the radiation frequency. Moreover, the transmitting system 1 has a master oscillator 1-1, which is tuned depending on the transmission frequency, and a modulator 1-2, which receives the necessary information to modulate a given frequency of the master oscillator 1 at the first input of the transmitting system 1 and the second input of the modulator 1-2 -1 arriving at its first entrance. The modulated signal at the output of the modulator 1-2 is fed to the first input of the power amplifier 1-4, the latter provides a predetermined current at the output of the transmitting system 1 in the first section 4i of the antenna system, and matching the output parameters of the power amplifier 1-4 with the first section 4 antenna system at the operating frequency through the first input of the matching device 1-5. Control parameters matching the current entering the first section 4 _{1 of the} antenna system is carried out in matching device 1-5, data on matching parameters, frequency and magnitude of current through matching device 1-5 are received at the first input to the control, protection and automation system 1-3 . At the same time, the current coming from the ground electrode 3 ₁ through the second input of the transmitting system 1 through the first output of the current indicator of the antenna system 1-6 to the third input of the power amplifier 1-4 is monitored, data on the current of the ground electrode 3 ₁ through the second output of the current indicator of the antenna system 1- 6 are fed to the second input of the control system, protection and automation 1-3. The current of the ground electrode 3 _{1 to} the control, protection and automation system 1-3 controls the operation of the entire antenna system of its elements: converters 2 _N , ground electrodes 3 _N and N sections, sections of the underground unscreened cable 4 _N : the accuracy of the antenna system “Communication systems ...” is determined »By the magnitude of the current, by frequency and by distorted ™ information. The adjustment of the transmitting system 1 is carried out through the output of the control, protection and automation system 1-3 for the master oscillator 1-1 through its input, for the power amplifier 1-4 through its second input and the matching device 1-5 through its second input.

Thus, the transmitting system 1 sets the parameters for the operation of the entire antenna system. So the parameters of the current in frequency, modulation and level, arriving at the output of the transmitting system 1 and flowing through the first section 4 _{1 of the} cable of the antenna system must be restored by each of the N converters. Therefore, the current flowing into the ground electrode 3 _N must be equal to the current of the first section 4 _{1 of the} underground cable. This is achieved by the operation of converters 2 _N , the principle of operation of the converters is identical and is represented by the block diagram in FIG. 2.

The reception and registration of radiation generated by the ELF-ELF antenna system is carried out using a towed cable antenna, antenna amplifier and receiver of the ELF-ELF range, located on board the underwater object,

The current of the transmitting system 1, having passed the first section 4 _{1 of the} underground cable, is fed to the input of the first converter 2 ₁ (Fig. 2). From the first input of the converter 2 _{1, the} current flows through the primary winding 1 of the information transformer 6 and then through the first input of the current transformer 16 and the second output of the converter 2 _{1 is} supplied to the ground electrode 3 ₂ . Due to mutual induction, the current of the primary winding of the information transformer 6 in its secondary winding 2 induces an EMF corresponding to the current parameters in the primary winding 1. This EMF is amplified by the first amplifier 8 and enters in parallel to the integrated circuit 9 and the differential circuit 10. At the output of the integrated circuit, an envelope is extracted or the information component of the current of the transmitting system 1. This information component, after being limited to a single-period valve B.2 and amplified by a third amplifier 13, is fed to the second input of the mode Yator 12 than is provided by the clock generator 13, the modulation voltage supplied to the first input of modulator 14. The output of the differential circuit 10 is a pulse current carrier frequency generated in the first section 4 of the cable ₁ of the transmitting system 1. The first valve B.1 leaves only a positive pulse on its output, which, after amplification by the second amplifier 11, enters to synchronize the clock generator 13, thereby ensuring the reconstruction of the operating frequency of the master oscillator 1-1 of the transmission system 1. Next, restore created operating frequency by the generator 13, passing the modulator 14, receives the information component. The output signal of the modulator 14, corresponding to the signal of the transmitting system 1, is supplied to the power amplifier 15. The high voltage at the output of the power amplifier 15 creates sufficient current in the primary winding of the power transformer 7 to create the required current in the secondary winding for the second section 4 _of the antenna cable to work ₂ communication systems ... systems. The current of the second winding of the power transformer 7 is connected to the first output of the converter 2 _{1 by the} terminal “b”, and the first output of the converter is connected to the second section 4 _{2 of} the antenna system cable, generating current in section 4 ₂ . This current must be equal to the current excited in the cable section 4i by the transmitting system 1. To control the current in the cable section 4 _1, the terminal “a” of the secondary winding of the power transformer is connected to the second input of the current transformer 16, and the second output of this current transformer 16 is connected through a regulator power 17 to the second input of the power amplifier 15, which ensures the adjustment of the power level at the output of the power amplifier 15.

, а во второй обмотке протекает ток $$I_A^N$$

, возбужденный преобразователем 2₁ во второй секции 4₂ кабеля антенной системы. Оба тока в первичной и вторичной обмотках направлены встречно, этим компенсируется возбужденная в них взаимоиндукция. Если токи равны $$\left(I_A^{N-1}-I_A^N\right)$$

, то в третьей обмотке наведенная ЭДС равна нулю. А если токи в первичной и вторичной обмотках не равны $$\left(I_A^{N-1}\#I_A^N\right)$$

, то возникающая разность $$\left(I_A^{N-1}-I_A^N\right)$$

взаимоиндукций наводит ЭДС в третьей обмотки токового трансформатора 16 (фиг. 3). Эта ЭДС поступает на второй выход токового трансформатора 16 и через регулятор мощности 17 изменяет мощность усилителя мощности 15 в сторону уменьшения или в сторону увеличения (фиг. 2). Описанная работа преобразователя 2₁ является типовой для остальных преобразователей с 2₂ по 2_N, поэтому нет необходимости повторять описание их принципа действия.The operation of the current transformer 16 is illustrated by the circuit of FIG. 3. The current transformer has three windings. Through the first winding 1 of the current transformer 16 flows the current excited by the transmitting system 1 in the first section 4 ₁ - $$I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}$$

, and current flows in the second winding $$I_A^N$$

excited by the converter 2 ₁ in the second section 4 _{2 of the} cable of the antenna system. Both currents in the primary and secondary windings are directed in the opposite direction, this compensates for the mutual induction excited in them. If the currents are equal $$\left(I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}-I_A^N\right)$$

, then in the third winding the induced EMF is equal to zero. And if the currents in the primary and secondary windings are not equal $$\left(I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}\#I_A^N\right)$$

then the difference $$\left(I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}-I_A^N\right)$$

mutual induction induces EMF in the third winding of the current transformer 16 (Fig. 3). This EMF is supplied to the second output of the current transformer 16 and through the power regulator 17 changes the power of the power amplifier 15 in the direction of decreasing or increasing (Fig. 2). The described operation of the converter 2 ₁ is typical for the remaining converters from 2 ₂ to 2 _N , so there is no need to repeat the description of their operating principle.

, тогда подземный кабель, все его секции работают как единый неделимый кабель, и следовательно, разрядный ток между концевыми заземлителями 3₁ и 3_N будет протекать на глубине скин-слоя для проводимости земли размещения этих заземлителей. Так на частоте 3 Гц скин-слой для σ=10^-4 См/м, будет равен $$h=1/\sqrt{2\pi \cdot f\mu \sigma }$$

=11259 м≈11 км для концевых заземлителей первого 3₁ и последнего 3_N. Глубина протекания обратного тока антенной системы будет 11 км.Thus, the current does not flow through the earthing switch 3 ₂ in the operating state, since the currents of the primary and secondary windings in the current transformer 16 are always adjusted equal in amplitude but opposite in phase, therefore they compensate for the fields excited by each other. Therefore, grounding conductors should be cheap during construction. Therefore, all grounding conductors with the converters are inoperative and are necessary only for setting the required current in the antenna system. For operation, only the first 3 ₁ and the last 3 _N grounding conductors in the antenna system are used (Fig. 1), and the currents along the entire length of the antenna system for each section of the underground cable must be rigidly equal $$\left(I_A^{N-\mathrm{one}}=I_A^N\right)$$

, then the underground cable, all its sections work as a single indivisible cable, and therefore, the discharge current between the terminal ground electrodes 3 ₁ and 3 _N will flow at the depth of the skin layer for the conductivity of the ground for the placement of these ground electrodes. So at a frequency of 3 Hz, the skin layer for σ = 10 ^-4 S / m will be equal to $$h=\mathrm{one}/\sqrt{2\pi \cdot f\mu \sigma }$$

= 11259 m≈11 km for terminal earthing switches of the first 3 ₁ and last 3 _N. The depth of the reverse current flow of the antenna system will be 11 km.

The receiving antenna system shown in FIG. 4, is stationary on the body of the underwater object. Moreover, frame antennas with ferrite cores are already being placed. Since the ferrite core contributes to the leakage of the electromagnetic field into the spaces between the solid metal structures, i.e. in the gap where the ferrite is located to create streamlining of underwater objects. And the metal gap, where the stationary frame antenna with ferrite cores is located, is filled with epoxy. Such antennas are made in two sections located orthogonally relative to each other, and each section consists of three frame antennas with three ferrite cores (Fig. 5, sections 21 and 22). Such antennas operate at frequencies from 6 to 30 kHz. The range below cannot be accepted, since the required inductance cannot be created, so that it is impossible to adjust the resonance circuit formed by these loop antennas to frequencies from 3 to 300 Hz. An increase in the inductance of the receiver antenna loop is required. To receive the frequency range from 3 to 300 Hz, it is proposed to increase the inductive resistance of the antenna circuit by introducing an impedance converter (gyrator) and ensure its automatic tuning over the frequency range. The introduction of a stationary receiving antenna system in the body of an underwater object, between a light and durable body, instead of a towed antenna cable, will allow you to change the course and direction of the underwater object; have continuous radio reception; no need to release and collect the receiving antenna; to provide maneuver of an underwater object without danger of cutting off the antenna with rotating screws; increase the signal-to-noise ratio at the input of the receiving device; to exclude the effect of a rotating polarized aqueous medium due to the rotation of the screws of the underwater object on the radio.

For implementation, we consider the design of the receiving antenna system and its operation. In FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the construction of a receiving antenna system on an underwater object. The receiving antenna system of the underwater object is located along the length of the object. The system contains N sections of loop antennas 18 _{N of the} receiving antenna system, N amplifiers of loop antennas 19 _N , N summing devices of induced EMF of the loop antennas 20 _{N of the} receiving antenna system. The induced EMF in a loop antenna tuned in resonance with the frequency field of the incident electromagnetic wave is fed to the output of the first section of the loop antenna 18 ₁ , which is connected through the first amplifier of the loop antennas 19 ₁ to the input of the first summing device of the induced EMF of the loop antennas 20 ₁ . This induced EMF is added to the induced EMF in subsequent adders from the first adder 20 ₁ to the last 20 _N. Moreover, in each of the N adders induced EMF enters its own loop antenna. The total EMF induced in all N loop antennas comes from the output of the last adder 20 _N to the input of the RF / ELF radio receiver.

The principle of operation and design features of the loop antenna are shown in FIG. 5. Where one of the N sections of the same type of magnetic antenna 18 _N is presented, containing identical first and second blocks of three sections of frame antennas with ferrite cores 21 and 22, orthogonally located, the first and second frequency-selective blocks 23 ₁ and 23 ₂ , the first and second capacitances C ₁ and C ₂ , the first and second isolation inductances L ₇ and L ₈ , while the input section of the frame antenna 18 _{N is} connected in parallel with the inputs of the first and second frequency-selective blocks 23 ₁ and 23 ₃ ; three loop antennas L ₁ , L ₂ and L _{3 of the} first block of three sections of loop antennas with ferrite cores 21 are connected in parallel with the grounded terminal “b”, and on the other hand are connected in parallel with the output of the block of three loop antennas with ferrite cores 21; the output of the block of three loop antennas with ferrite cores 21 is connected to terminal “d”, terminal “d” is connected to terminal “a” through the first isolation inductance L ₇ , and terminal “d” is connected in parallel with the output of the first frequency-selective block 23 ₁ and a grounded first capacitance C ₁ ; three loop antennas L ₄ , L ₅ and L _{6 of the} second block of three loop antennas with ferrite cores 22 are connected in parallel with the grounded terminal “c”, and on the other hand are connected in parallel with the output of the block of three loop antennas with ferrite cores 22 ; the output of the block of three loop antennas with ferrite cores 22 is connected to the terminal “e”, the terminal “e” is connected to the terminal “a” through the second isolation inductance L ₈ , and the terminal “e” is connected in parallel with the output of the second frequency block 23 ₂ and a grounded second capacitance C ₂ ; terminal “a” is connected to the output of the section of the magnetic antenna 18 _N. The orthogonal arrangement of the frame antenna systems 21 and 22 allows you to have a circular radiation pattern in the horizontal plane, which ensures the movement of the object in different directions, without indicating the course for the towed antenna.

The incident electromagnetic wave excites polarizing currents in the ferrite rods, which create an EMF in the turns of the frame antennas located on the ferrite rods. This EMF due to the presence of the oscillatory circuit created by the inductive resistance introduced by the impedance converter (gyrator), excites the resonance of the circuit at the receiving frequency. Inductances L ₇ and L ₈ provide galvanic isolation between the oscillatory circuits: the first formed by the loop antennas of section 21, the gyrator 23 ₁ and the capacitance C ₁ , and the second formed by the loop antennas of the section 22, the gyrator 23 ₂ and the capacitance C ₂ . The induced emf is small, therefore, a parallel oscillatory circuit is connected, which at the resonant frequency has infinite resistance and practically has no losses. This EMF from each resonant system is used to store energy by adders from N loop antennas. The principle of sequentially summing the EMF from the N loop antennas is shown in FIG. 6.

In FIG. 6 shows a device for summing induced EMF of frame antennas 20 _N , containing N adders (for example, 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ , 20 ₃ , ..., 20 _N ), in each of N adders a double-winding transformer, while the input of the first adder 20 _{1 is} connected through the primary the winding of the first transformer Tr. 1 with an earth wire, the secondary winding of the first transformer Tr. 1 is grounded on one side and connected to the second input of the second adder 20 ₂ through the output of the first adder 20 ₁ ; the first input of the second adder 20 _{2 is} connected through the primary winding of the second transformer Tr.2 with an earth wire, the secondary winding of the second transformer Tr.2 is grounded on one side, and on the other hand connected through the output of the second adder 20 ₂ to the second input of the third adder 20 ₃ ; the first input of the third adder 20 _{3 is} connected through the primary winding of the third transformer Tr.3 with an earth wire, the secondary winding of the third transformer Tr.3 is grounded on one side, and connected on the other side through the output of the third (fourth, fifth and subsequent) adder 20 ₃ the second input of the third, fourth and subsequent adders 20 _N and through the output N of the adder is connected to the input of the receiving device.

In FIG. 7 shows a frequency selective block 23, containing 24 impedance converter (gyrator), 25 frequency-voltage converter, 26 frequency converter (step-down), while the input of frequency selective block 23 is connected to the output of the frequency selective block 23 through frequency converter (step-down) 26, through frequency converter -voltage 25 and through an impedance converter 24. In the gyrator, the varicap element can be controlled by a frequency-voltage converter 25. As a frequency-voltage converter 25, it is recommended to use use an ADVFC32 Analog Devices type converter, or TC9400 Microchip Technology, or from National Semiconductor Texas Instruments. Instead of a varicap, you can use an XIRON type digital control integrated circuit type X90100M81, in which case the frequency of tuning the receiver in digital form via a frequency converter can be applied to the integrated circuit. The decrease in frequency by the converter 26 is due to the fact that the gyrator stably operates at low frequencies.

, то зная емкость С у гиратора (фиг. 8) можно определить индуктивность исходя из параметров гиратораIn FIG. Figure 8 shows an impedance converter (gyrator) containing the first op-amp 1 and second op-amp 2 operational amplifiers, resistors first R1, second R2, third R3 and fourth R4, load capacitance - C and varicap Vp. The principle of operation of the impedance converter (gyrator) is presented in the literature of the authors W. Titze, K. Schenk "Semiconductor circuitry", - M .: ed. Mir, 1983, section 12.6, pp. 180-183. The gyrator allows you to convert the capacity of the load capacitance C (Fig. 8) into the inductance at the output of the gyrator. For example, with a load capacitance of 1 μF, the output inductance will be 100 G. To create such an inductance is quite difficult, since it will have a large weight and very significant dimensions. The calculation of the required inductance L _{0 of the} parallel oscillatory circuit for receiving the ELF-ELF electromagnetic fields from 3 to 300 Hz is carried out in accordance with the formula $$f_0=\mathrm{one}/\left(2\pi \sqrt{L_0\cdot C_0}\right)$$

, then knowing the capacitance C at the gyrator (Fig. 8), we can determine the inductance based on the parameters of the gyrator

L ₀ = (R1 · R2 · R4 · C) / R3, where L ₀ - in H, R - in ohms, C - in nF.

In parallel with capacitance C, a varicap Vp is included, which allows you to change the load capacitance depending on the voltage supplied to the varicap, up to 300 pF; if it is necessary to increase the capacity, a block of varicaps should be included instead of one (the operation of a varicap is presented on page 24, section 3.3, in the literature of the authors U. Titze, K. Shenk "Semiconductor circuitry", - M .: Mir, 1983, control principle a change in the inductance at the output of the gyrator is shown in the journal "Radio" No. 11, for 1996, by the author Petin GP "The use of the gyrator in resonant amplifiers and generators."

The authors are not aware of technical solutions from the field of radio communications containing features equivalent to the distinguishing features of the claimed device. The authors are not aware of technical solutions from other technical fields having the properties of the claimed technical object of the invention. Thus, the claimed technical solution, according to the authors, has the criterion of essential features.

Claims (7)

1. The communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and distant objects contains a transmission system consisting of: a master oscillator, modulator, control, protection and automation system, a power amplifier, a matching device, an antenna current indicator and a current source, while receiving and recording radiation generated by the ELF-ELF generators are carried out using an antenna, an antenna amplifier and a receiver of the ELF-ELF range, located on board the underwater object, characterized the fact that additionally introduced N converters, N ground conductors of the antenna system, made in the form of an extended straight line consisting of N sections, sections, underground unshielded cable, antenna system with a length l equal to several tens of hundreds of kilometers, while the first input of the transmitting system is connected to the first input of the modulator, and the second input of the modulator is connected to the output of the master oscillator, the output of the modulator is connected to the first input of the power amplifier; the output of the control, protection and automation system is connected in parallel with the second input of the power amplifier, with the input of the master oscillator and with the second input of the matching device, the third input of the power amplifier is connected to the first ground electrode of the antenna system through the second input of the transmitting system, through the input of the antenna current indicator; the output of the power amplifier is connected through the first input of the matching device, through the first output of the matching device with the output of the transmitting system, the second output of the matching device is connected to the first input of the control, protection and automation system; the second input of the control, protection and automation system is connected to the output of the antenna current indicator, the current source is connected in parallel with the inputs of all units through the power circuits and their power supply in the transmitting system; the output of the transmitting system is connected through the first section, or section, of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input of the first converter, the first output of the first converter is connected using the second section of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input of the second converter, and the second output of the first converter is connected to the second ground electrode of the antenna system; the output of the second converter is connected through the third section of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input of the third converter, and the second output of the second converter is connected to the third ground electrode of the antenna system; the output of the third converter is connected through the fourth section of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input of the fourth converter, and the second output of the third converter is connected to the fourth ground electrode of the antenna system; the output of the fourth converter is connected through the fifth section, or section, of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input of the fifth converter, and the second output of the fourth converter is connected to the fifth ground electrode of the antenna system; the output of the fifth converter is connected through the sixth section of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input of the sixth converter, and the second output of the fifth converter is connected to the sixth ground electrode of the antenna system; in this way, the N converters are connected in series through N cable sections into an extended rectilinear antenna system with one earthing switch in each of the N converters; the output of the N-1 converter is connected through the N section of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input N of the converter, and the second output of the N-1 converter is connected to the N ground electrode of the antenna system; the output of the N converter is connected to the N ground electrode system; Earth return current connects the N ground electrode to the first ground electrode of the antenna system. 2. The communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the N converters is identical and contains: a section of an underground cable with a length not exceeding 20 km in the antenna system, a source of electrical energy for each of the units via the converter power circuits, an information transformer, power transformer, first amplifier, integrated circuit (circuit), second valve, differential circuit, first valve, second amplifier, third amplifier, clock, modulator, power amplifier, current transform ator, power regulator at the input of the power amplifier,

- current in the N-1 section of the antenna of the system up to 20 km long;

- current in the N section of the antenna of the system up to 20 km long;

- the current difference N-1 section of the antenna and N sections of the antenna, while the input of the N-1 section of the underground cable of the antenna system is connected through the primary winding of the information transformer to the first input of the current transformer and through the first output of the current transformer with the second output of the converter N, the secondary winding of the information a transformer is connected through the first amplifier in parallel with the input of the integrated circuit and with the input of the differential circuit; the differential circuit output is connected to the first input of the power amplifier through the first valve B.1, through the second amplifier, through the clock generator, through the first input of the modulator; the output of the integrating circuit is connected through a second valve, through a third amplifier with a second input of the modulator; the second output of the current transformer through the power regulator is connected to the second input of the power amplifier; the output of the power amplifier is connected to the primary winding of the power transformer; the secondary winding of the power transformer is connected through terminal “a” to the second input of the current transformer, and terminal “b” through the first output N of the converter with input N of the length of the underground cable section of the antenna system. 3. The communication system according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the N current transformers contains a three-winding transformer, the first input of the current transformer through the first winding of the three-winding transformer connected to terminal “a”, the second input of the current transformer through the secondary winding of the three-winding transformer connected with terminal “a”, the second output of the current transformer through the third winding of the three-winding transformer is connected to terminal “a”, terminal “a” is an “earth wire” that is connected to the first Exit the current transformer and grounded to the earthing own each transducer; current

from the N-1 section of the underground cable of the antenna system flows through the primary winding through the first input to the output of the current transformer to the ground electrode 3 _N , current

in the N section of the underground cable of the antenna system, the differential current flows through the second winding of the current transformer through the first output from the ground electrode,

from the N-1 section and the N section of the antenna of the first and second windings, excited in the third winding of the current transformer. 4. The communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that the receiving antenna system of the underwater object containing N sections of the loop antennas of the receiving antenna system, N amplifiers of the loop antennas, N devices for summing the induced EMF of the loop antennas of the receiving antenna system, while the output of the first section of the loop the antenna is connected through the first amplifier of the frame antenna, through the first device for summing the induced EMF of the frame antennas with the second input of the second summing device of the induced EMF of the frame antennas; the output of the second section of the loop antenna is connected through the second amplifier of the loop antenna, through the first input of the second device for summing the induced EMF of the frame antennas with the second input of the third summing device of the induced EMF of the frame antennas; the output of the third section of the loop antenna is connected through the third amplifier of the loop antenna, through the first input of the third device for summing the induced EMF of the frame antennas with the second input of the fourth summing device of the induced EMF of the frame antennas; the output of the fourth section of the loop antenna is connected through the fourth amplifier of the loop antenna, through the first input of the fourth device for summing the induced EMF of the loop antennas through the second input of the sixth, seventh to N summation device of the induced EMF of the loop antennas; the output of the N section of the loop antenna is connected through the N amplifier of the loop antenna, through the first input of the N summation device of the induced EMF of the loop antenna with the input of the receiver. 5. The communication system according to claim 4, characterized in that each of N identical sections of the frame antenna contains orthogonally located identical first and second blocks, each block consists of three frame antennas with ferrite cores, the first and second frequency-selective blocks, the first and second capacities , the first and second separation inductances, while the input section of the frame antenna is connected in parallel with the inputs of the first and second frequency-selective blocks; three loop antennas of the first block of loop antennas with ferrite cores on one side are connected in parallel with the grounded terminal “b”, and on the other hand, these three loop antennas are connected in parallel with the output of the first block of loop antennas with ferrite cores; the output of the first block of loop antennas with ferrite cores is connected to terminal “d”, terminal “d” is connected to terminal “a” through the first isolation inductance L ₇ , and terminal “d” is connected in parallel with the output of the first frequency-selective block and to the grounded first capacity, three loop antennas of the second block of loop antennas with ferrite cores on the one hand are connected in parallel with the grounded terminal "c", and on the other hand are connected in parallel with the output of the second block of loop antennas with ferrite core ami; the output of the second block of the three frame antennas with ferrite cores is connected to the terminal “e”, the terminal “e” is connected to the terminal “a” through the second isolation inductance, in addition, the terminal “e” is connected in parallel with the output of the second frequency-selective block and to a grounded second capacitance , terminal “a” is connected to the output of the section of the loop antennas. 6. The communication system according to claim 5, characterized in that the summing device of the induced EMF of the sections of the frame antennas contains N adders, each of the N adders has a two-winding transformer, while the input of the first adder is connected through the primary winding of the first transformer to an earth wire, the secondary winding of this the first transformer is grounded on one side and connected on the other hand through the output of the first adder to the second input of the second adder; the first input of the second adder is connected through the primary winding of the second transformer to the ground wire, the secondary winding of this second transformer is grounded on one side, and on the other hand connected through the output of the second adder to the second input of the third adder; the first input of the third adder is connected through the primary winding of the third transformer to the earth wire, the secondary winding of this third transformer is grounded on one side, and on the other hand connected through the output of the third, fourth, fifth and subsequent adders to the second input of the third, fourth and subsequent adders and through the output N of the adder is connected to the input of the receiving device. 7. The communication system according to claim 6, characterized in that the frequency-selective block comprises an impedance converter (gyrator), a frequency-voltage converter, a frequency converter (step-down), the input of the frequency-selective block connected to the output of the frequency-selective block through a frequency converter (step-down), through a frequency-voltage converter and through an impedance converter.

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