RU2626070C1 - Communication system of ultra-low frequency and extremely-frequency range with deep-seated and remote objects - 6 - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: communication system of the ultra-low frequency and extreme-frequency range with deep-loaded and remote objects-6 contains a transmission system consisting of a master oscillator, a modulator, a control system, protection and automation, a power amplifier, a matching device, an antenna current indicator and a current source. Receiving and registration of the radiation produced by ULF-ELF generators are implemented using a towed cable antenna, amplifier and receiver of ULF-ELF range, on board the underwater object, characterized in that the program further includes N transmitters, N earthing antenna system constructed in the form extended rectilinear line consisting of N sections, segments underground unshielded cable, the antenna system t length of several tens of hundreds of kilometers, each of the N transducers configured identically and underground cable section comprises a length not exceeding 20 km in the antenna system, source of electrical energy supply of each of the blocks along the supply circuits of the converter, information transformer, power transformer, the first amplifier, the integral circuit (circuit), the second valve B.2, the differential circuit, the first valve B.1, the second amplifier, the third amplifier, the clock generator of pulses, modulator, power amplifier, current transformer, power regulator at the input of the power amplifier,

- current in the N-1 section of the antenna system up to 20 km;

- current in the N section of the antenna system up to 20 km;

is the difference in the currents of the N-1 antenna section and the N section of the antenna; each of the N current transformers contains a three-winding transformer to provide specified current parameters in all sections of the antenna system.

EFFECT: provision of electromagnetic compatibility of the communication system with RES, power lines, cable communication lines, engineering facilities and creation of environmental safety conditions in the area where the antenna system of the radio station is located.

5 cl, 9 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and radio engineering, in particular to the communication technology of the ELF-ELF range, and can be used for communication with deeply submerged and remote underwater objects.

The well-known "Method of seismic exploration" (patent No. 2029318 RU G01V 1/09, 1995) This method of seismic exploration consists of exciting a probing signal and multichannel receiving reflected and diffracted waves from an object, processing with the selection of waves in the directions of arrival and displaying the results in the form sizes of parameters on the platform. The disadvantage of this method is that it uses approximate data interpolation, which in some cases leads to low reliability of sensing results.

A device is known "Method of electromagnetic sounding of the earth's crust using normalized field sources" (patent No. 2093863, RU G01V 3/12, 1997). This device contains two sinusoidal current generators, which are loaded on long, low-lying, horizontally oriented and grounded at the ends of the antenna, the registration of radiation generated by the microwave system is carried out using the measuring complex of the Joint Institute of Earth Physics (UIFZ) RAS type "Borok" . However, this installation does not provide information transfer with deeply loaded and remote underwater objects, since it does not have a receiving complex in its composition, and also does not have an adequate level of ELF-ELF signals at large distances from the source.

A device is known "Unified generator-measuring complex of ELF-ELF radiation for geophysical research." Patent No. 2188439 RU dated 08.27.02 G01V 3/12. The complex consists of a master oscillator, N sinusoidal current generators loaded on long, low-lying horizontally oriented transmitting antennas with grounding conductors at the ends, and the radiation generated by the ELF-ELF generators is recorded using a measuring complex, while all N generators are connected to single master oscillator. The master oscillator is a single-phase bridge inverter made on powerful semiconductor controlled thyristor valves. The disadvantages of the device "Unified generator-measuring ..." - a well-known generator-measuring complex - is the low radiation level of the ELF-ELF signals and their registration at large distances from the source, so the nominal active power during tests for active load is not more than 30 kW, and also low reliability of the complex in the conditions of induced noise (with deep suppression of harmonics of industrial frequency). In addition, due to the high requirements imposed by electromagnetic field theory on the propagation of radio signals in the oceans, it is necessary to have a special antenna, a low-noise antenna amplifier and an analog-to-digital receiver for communication with remote and deeply immersed objects.

, где π=3,14; ƒ - частота электромагнитной волны, от 3 до 300 Гц; μ=4⋅π⋅10^-7, Гн/м.; σ - проводимость морской воды от 1 до 4 Сименс на метр. Используя самые низкие частоты от 3 до 300 Гц (КНЧ и СНЧ) можно получить глубину подводного радиоприема больше 100 метров. Поэтому для связи с удаленными глубокопогруженными подводными объектами (подводные лодки, подводные аппараты, батискафы, подводные дома и т.п.) предложена система связи СНЧ-КНЧ-диапазона. Электромагнитные волны этого диапазона являются пригодными для решения указанной задачи вследствие их способности проникать в толщу морской воды на значительную глубину. Кроме того, по сравнению с электромагнитными волнами других диапазонов распространение СНЧ-КНЧ-сигналов в волноводе «земля-ионосфера» отличается высокой стабильностью даже при возникновении различных возмущений в ионосфере.The well-known "Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency range with deeply immersed and remote objects" (patent No. 2350020 RU). The radio waves of most of the electromagnetic range do not penetrate into sea water. The penetration depth of electromagnetic energy is determined by the following formula:

where π = 3.14; ƒ is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, from 3 to 300 Hz; μ = 4⋅π⋅10 ^-7 , GN / m .; σ is the conductivity of sea water from 1 to 4 Siemens per meter. Using the lowest frequencies from 3 to 300 Hz (ELF and ELF), you can get the depth of the underwater radio more than 100 meters. Therefore, for communication with remote deep-submerged underwater objects (submarines, underwater vehicles, bathyscaphes, underwater houses, etc.), a communication system of the ELF-ELF range is proposed. Electromagnetic waves of this range are suitable for solving this problem due to their ability to penetrate into the thickness of sea water to a considerable depth. In addition, in comparison with electromagnetic waves of other ranges, the propagation of ELF-ELF signals in the ground-ionosphere waveguide is highly stable even when various disturbances arise in the ionosphere.

The prototype is a “Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and distant objects” (RU patent No. 2350020) which contains “n” sinusoidal current generators loaded on extended low-lying horizontally oriented transmitting antennas with grounding conductors at the ends, and the reception and registration of radiation, generated by the ELF-ELF generators are carried out using a towed cable antenna, an antenna amplifier and an ELF-ELF receiver located on board water object, while the master oscillator consists of a control, protection and automation system (SURZA), a thyristor rectifier, a first protection device, an autonomous voltage inverter, a second protection device, a matching device, a power device and two input switches, while the input switches are made of three-position and in series with three inputs connected to a thyristor rectifier, and on the connecting lines are installed a current sensor (DT) and voltage sensors (DN), which are connected to the system my control, regulation and automation, and the rectifier through a protection device with two outputs is connected to an autonomous inverter, which in turn is connected to a matching device through a protection device, while the matching device is connected to the antenna, and SURZA is connected to an external control station and a reducing rectifier, which by its input is connected to the third input of the high-voltage power supply device of the generator, and that in turn is connected by the first input to the input switch, and the second input with a lower and power supplies, while a towed cable antenna is installed on a deeply immersed and distant object, which is connected through an antenna amplifier to an ELF-ELF receiver.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- high power “n” generators of at least 100 kW;

- “n” antenna devices with “2n” planar grounding conductors, (each low-lying antenna has two grounding conductors at the ends of the antenna) therefore, a large area of the earth's surface is affected by the reverse currents of the antenna and the placement of electronic means on this area is impossible;

- the underground cable trunk for control and communication is not protected from the spreading currents of the grounding system of the transmission system;

- the electromagnetic field created by the "n" antenna devices affects all systems at considerable distances;

, при двух заземлителях, чтобы не было поверхностных токов замыкания длина антенны должна превышать 20 км. А учитывая, что для создания заданного магнитного момента необходимо «n» антенных устройств с «2n» плоскостными заземлителями, общая площадь пораженная мощными электромагнитными полями недопустимо огромна даже для России.- the environmental risk of exceeding the ELF-ELF ELS standards (maximum permissible exposure standards for personnel serving the ELF-ELF station and residents of nearby areas, as well as plants, animals and the entire environment). For example, an antenna made in the form of power lines (power lines) is supplied with a voltage of 30 kV, and the height of the antenna’s suspension due to surface irregularities reaches 5 meters due to a sag. Therefore, the field strength along the antenna will be determined E = (30⋅kV) / (5⋅m) = 6⋅kV. As can be seen along the antenna, the field strength is 6 kV, which exceeds three times the norm of the remote control. Although the rules of the remote control recommend staying no more than 8 hours in areas where the field strength of the electric component reaches 2 kV. Moreover, the length of the antennas depends on the skin layer, for example, at a frequency of 3 Hz, the skin layer for σ = 10 ^-4 м cm / m will be equal to

, with two ground electrodes, so that there are no surface fault currents, the antenna length should exceed 20 km. And given that in order to create a given magnetic moment, “n” antenna devices with “2n” planar ground electrodes are needed, the total area affected by powerful electromagnetic fields is unacceptably huge even for Russia.

Thus, the layout in a limited area of the antenna system, consisting of “n” antenna devices with “2n” planar ground electrodes with connected 100 kW generators, is dangerous for this region, and solve the problem of electromagnetic compatibility with RES, power lines, cable lines, and also the environmental safety problem is not possible.

The aim of the invention is:

- reduction of the generator power level;

- the creation of an ELF - ELF antenna that does not affect the electromagnetic environment of the antenna location area;

- to provide electromagnetic compatibility with radio-electronic means, power lines and cable management and communication lines, as well as the creation of environmental safety for humans and the environment;

- Creation of a wide radiation pattern of the ELF-ELF antenna system for lighting ocean open spaces under the action of underwater objects in them.

This goal is achieved through the use in the "Communication System of the ultra-low and ultra-low frequency range with deeply immersed and remote objects" "n" low-power ELF-ELF generators with their spatial distribution, "n" grounding conductors, "n" amplifiers, "n" control system blocks for one tens of hundreds of kilometers long transmitting antenna with a current in it that allows you to provide a given magnetic moment to ensure communication with deeply immersed and distant objects and not affect electromagnetic compatibility with radio electronic means, power lines, as well as protecting the cable management and communication of the transmitting system of the ELF-ELF antenna, and creating environmental safety conditions for humans and the environment, creating a wide radiation pattern of the ELF-ELF transmitting antenna for lighting large ocean expanses under action in them underwater objects.

Indeed, the resonance frequency ƒ _{0 of the} Earth – ionosphere spherical resonator is defined as the length at the equator of 40,000 km divided by the speed of light (3⋅10 ⁸ m / s) or ƒ ₀ = (40000000⋅m) / (3⋅10 ⁸ m / s ) = 7⋅Hz. Resonator Earth - The ionosphere resonates at a frequency of 7 Hz. Therefore, frequencies from 3 to 300 Hz can excite this resonator, provided that the excitation energy is sufficient. And an excited resonator has almost the same field strength anywhere in the world. In the prototype, the excitation is made by "n" generators with a capacity of 100 kW each, which create a current in the "n" frame antennas. The frame is formed by the antenna current, in the form of a 30 kV power transmission line, and the reverse current in the ground flowing between the ground electrodes. It is known that for the excitation of the resonator the magnetic moment of the antenna must be not less than or M≥10 ⁸ ⋅ [Am ² ]. The magnetic moment of the loop antenna is determined

(π-=3,14; ƒ - частота электромагнитной волны 3 - 300 Гц; μ=4⋅π⋅10^-7, Гн/м.; σ - проводимость земли в районе размещения антенны выбирается от 10^-4 до 10^-5 См/м);

- длина антенны в метрах.where I _A is the current in the antenna in Amperes; h - the depth of the current flow in the earth, is determined by the following formula:

(π- = 3.14; ƒ - frequency of the electromagnetic wave 3 - 300 Hz; μ = 4⋅π⋅10 ^-7 , GN / m; σ - the conductivity of the earth in the area where the antenna is located is selected from 10 ^-4 to 10 ^-5 S / m);

- the length of the antenna in meters.

. Следовательно, чтобы исключить влияние тока на окружающие антенну радиоэлектронные средства (РЭС), высоковольтные линии электропередачи и кабельные магистрали антенна должна иметь малый ток, но большую длину. Например, при использовании частоты 3 герца на данные объекты оказывается большое влияние, учитывая большую глубину проникновения через экранирующие оболочки кабелей и возбуждение кондуктивных помех через корпуса радиоэлектронных средств.The calculation shows that if the current is taken equal to I _A = 1 ampere, the depth of the reverse current flow is taken equal to h = 10 km, then the antenna length should be about

. Therefore, in order to exclude the influence of current on the radio electronic means (RES) surrounding the antenna, the high-voltage power lines and cable lines of the antenna must have a small current, but a large length. For example, when using a frequency of 3 hertz, these objects have a great influence, given the large penetration depth through the shielding of the cables and the excitation of conducted interference through the housing of electronic devices.

Thus, the VLF-ELF antenna must have a large length to achieve a given magnetic moment and a low current to ensure its environmental safety during operation, as well as ensuring electromagnetic compatibility with RES, cable control and communication trunk of the antenna transmission system, high-voltage power lines and engineering structures , and to ensure the possibility of action of underwater objects on wide ocean expanses by increasing the width of the radiation pattern of the ELF-ELF transmitting a tennoy system.

In FIG. 1 shows a transmitting antenna, a wide radiation pattern, "Communication systems of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency range with deeply immersed and remote objects", where:

- I _A - direct current of the central branch of the transmitting antenna;

- земляной или обратный ток в левой ветви передающей антенны;-

- earth or reverse current in the left branch of the transmitting antenna;

- земляной или обратный ток в правой ветви передающей антенны;-

- earth or reverse current in the right branch of the transmitting antenna;

- ток антенны I_A центральной ветви передающей антенны в точке «а» делится на ток антенны

левой ветви длиной

и ток антенны

правой ветви длиной

(ток центральной ветви есть сумма токов правой и левой ветвей, как три составные части передающей антенны);-

- antenna current I _{A of the} central branch of the transmitting antenna at point “a” is divided by the antenna current

left branch length

and antenna current

right branch length

(the current of the central branch is the sum of the currents of the right and left branches, as the three components of the transmitting antenna);

- 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ , ..., 3 _N-1 , 3 _N - first, second third, ..., N-1 and N grounding conductors of the central branch for the current of the transmitting antenna;

- 1 - control system transmitting ELF-ELF antenna;

- 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , ..., 2 _N-1 , 2 _N - first, second, N-1 and N converters of the central branch of the transmitting antenna;

(фиг. 2), включенная между 2₁, 2₂, …, 2_N-1, 2_N преобразователями (как изолированный проводник длиной не более 20 км, находящийся в земле на глубине h_K или называемый подземным или подводным неэкранированным кабелем);- 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ , 4 _N-1 , 4 _N - one of the N radiating sections of the central branch of the transmitting antenna with a length of

(Fig. 2) included between 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , ..., 2 _N-1 , 2 _N converters (as an insulated conductor no more than 20 km long, located in the ground at a depth of h _K or called an underground or underwater unshielded cable);

- 2 ₁₁ , ..., 2 _1N - the first, ..., and N converters of the right branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 2 ₂₁ , ..., 2 _2N - the first, ..., and N converters of the left branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 ₂₁ , ..., 3 _2N - the first, ..., and N grounding conductors of the left current branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 ₁₁ , ..., 3 _1N - the first, ..., and N grounding conductors of the right current branch of the transmitting antenna;

, включенная между 2₁₁, …, 2_1N преобразователями;- 4 ₁₁ , ..., 4 _1N - one of the N radiating sections of the right branch of the transmitting antenna with a length of

included between 2 ₁₁ , ..., 2 _1N converters;

, включенная между 2₂₁, …, 2_2N преобразователями;- 4 ₂₁ , ..., 4 _2N - one of the N radiating sections of the left branch of the transmitting antenna with a length of

included between 2 ₂₁ , ..., 2 _2N converters;

- длина левой ветви передающей антенны длиной;-

- the length of the left branch of the transmitting antenna length;

- длина правой ветви передающей антенны длиной;-

- the length of the right branch of the transmitting antenna length;

- ZK - protected underground cable management and communication trunk of the transmission system.

In FIG. 2 presents the design features of a transmitting antenna with a wide radiation pattern with a protected cable trunk “Communication systems of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and remote objects”, where:

- 1 - the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna in the central branch, containing the master oscillator 1-1, controlled by the protected cable trunk ЗК through the modulator 1-2, control system, protection and automation 1-3, power amplifier 1-4, matching device 1-5, the current indicator of the antenna system 1-6, the source of electrical energy 1-7 power management system transmitting the ELF-ELF antenna 1;

- 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N - first, second, third, fourth, fifth, ..., and N converters of the central branch;

- 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ , 3 ₄ , 3 ₅ , 3 ₆ , ..., 3 _N - first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, ..., and N grounding conductors of the central branch;

, включенная между 2₁, 2₂, 2₃, 2₄, 2₅, …, 2_N преобразователями (как изолированный проводник длиной не более 20 км, находящийся в земле на глубине h_K или называемый подземным или подводным неэкранированным кабелем);- 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ , 4 ₄ , 4 ₅ , ..., 4 _N - one of the N radiating sections of the central branch of the antenna system with a length

included between 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N converters (as an insulated conductor no more than 20 km long, located in the ground at a depth of h _K or called an underground or underwater unshielded cable);

- 2 ₁₁ , ..., 2 _1N - the first, ..., and N converters of the right branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 2 ₂₁ , ..., 2 _2N - the first, ..., and N converters of the left branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 ₂₁ , ..., 3 _2N - the first, ..., and N grounding conductors of the left current branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 3 ₁₁ , ..., 3 _1N - the first, ..., and N grounding conductors of the right current branch of the transmitting antenna;

- 4 ₁₁ , ..., 4 _1N - one of the N radiating sections of the right branch of the transmitting antenna, included between 2 ₁₁ , ..., 2 _1N converters;

- 4 ₂₁ , ..., 4 _2N - one of the N radiating sections of the left branch of the transmitting antenna, included between 2 ₂₁ , ..., 2 _2N converters;

- длина антенной системы СНЧ-КНЧ, состоящая из N излучающих секций, начиная с первой 4₁ по N секцию 4_N, для тока центральной ветви подземного неэкранированного кабеля;-

- the length of the antenna system of the ELF-ELF, consisting of N radiating sections, starting from the first 4 ₁ through N section 4 _N , for the current of the Central branch of the underground unshielded cable;

левой и правой

ветвей (определяемая скин-слоем

);- h - the depth of the reverse current of the antenna

left and right

branches (defined by the skin layer

);

- h _K - the depth of the underground (underwater) unshielded cable of the antenna system for the central, right and left branches;

- I _A - current in the antenna (underground cable) of the central branch;

- обратный ток в земле, между заземлителем 3₁ центральной ветви и заземлителем 3_2N левой ветви передающей антенны;-

- reverse current in the ground, between the ground electrode 3 _{1 of the} central branch and the ground electrode 3 _{2N of the} left branch of the transmitting antenna;

- обратный ток в земле, между заземлителем 3₁ центральной ветви и заземлителем 3_1N правой ветви передающей антенны.-

- reverse current in the ground, between the ground electrode 3 _{1 of the} central branch and the ground electrode 3 _{1N of the} right branch of the transmitting antenna.

In FIG. 3 one of N converters any of 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , 2 ₃ , 2 ₄ , 2 ₅ , ..., 2 _N in the central branch of the current, any of 2 ₂₁ , ..., 2 _2N in the left branch of the current and any of 2 ₁₁ , ..., 2 _1N in the right branch of the current, where:

- 4 - section of the antenna system (underground or underwater unshielded cable), any 4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , 4 ₃ , 4 ₄ , 4 ₅ , ..., 4 _N in the central current branch, 4 ₁₁ , ..., 4 _1N in the right current branch and 4 ₂₁ , ..., 4 _{2N of the} left current branch;

- 5 - a source of electrical energy;

- 6 - information transformer;

- 7 - power transformer;

- 8 - the first amplifier;

- 9 - integral chain;

- 10 - differential chain;

- 11 - the second amplifier;

- 12 - the third amplifier;

- 13 - clock generator;

- 14 - modulator;

- 15 - power amplifier;

- 16 - current transformer;

- 17 - power regulator at the input of the power amplifier 15;

- ток в N-1 секции антенны длинной 20 км;-

- current in the N-1 section of the antenna 20 km long;

- ток в N секции антенны длинной 20 км;-

- current in the N section of the antenna 20 km long;

- разность токов N-1 секции и N секции антенной системы.-

- the difference of the currents of the N-1 section and N sections of the antenna system.

от N-1 секции антенной системы в первой обмотке 1, с током

от N секции антенной системы во второй обмотке 2 токового трансформатора 16, разностный ток

от N-1 секции антенной системы и N секции антенной системы первой 1 и второй обмоток 2 возбуждаемый в третьей обмотке 3 токового трансформатора 16.In FIG. 4 current transformer 16 contains a three-winding transformer Tr. 1, with current

from N-1 sections of the antenna system in the first winding 1, with current

from the N section of the antenna system in the second winding 2 of the current transformer 16, the differential current

from the N-1 section of the antenna system and the N section of the antenna system of the first 1 and second windings 2, excited in the third winding 3 of the current transformer 16.

In FIG. 5 shows the directivity pattern of the transmitting antenna "Communication systems of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency range with deeply immersed and remote objects", where:

- I _A - current in the central branch of the transmitting antenna;

- обратный ток в земле левой ветви;-

- reverse current in the earth of the left branch;

- обратный ток в земле правой ветви;-

- reverse current in the earth of the right branch;

- 2θ _0.5 - the width of the radiation pattern in the direction A;

- 2θ _0.5 - the width of the radiation pattern in the direction In;

- U _Gene - emf source of the transmitting antenna,

- ток антенны I_A центральной ветви передающей антенны в точке «а» (см. фиг. 1 и фиг. 2) делится на ток антенны

левой ветви длиной

и ток антенны

правой ветви длиной

(ток центральной ветви есть сумма токов правой и левой ветвей, как три составные части передающей антенны).-

- the antenna current I _{A of the} central branch of the transmitting antenna at point a (see FIG. 1 and FIG. 2) is divided by the antenna current

left branch length

and antenna current

right branch length

(the current of the central branch is the sum of the currents of the right and left branches, as the three components of the transmitting antenna).

In FIG. 6 shows the pattern of current spreading earthing W ₁ of radius R _{DC earthing} = 11 km (or distance spreading of current equal to the skin layer in the ground) where 1 - Control system transmitting ELF ELF antenna at a first input to which is connected to an underground cable line, located in the zone of spreading current and subject to the influence of these currents, the second input of the control system of the transmitting system 1 is connected to the ground electrode Z ₁ , the output of the transmitting system is connected to the first element 4 _{1 of the} central current branch of the VLF-ELF antenna.

In FIG. Figure 7 shows the principle of laying an underground cable trunk in the earth's surface (earth conductivity σ = (4 ÷ 5) ⋅10 ^-5 S / m), which shows: the depth of the cable trunk laying - _cable h = 70 cm and laying a lightning protection cable over the cable with depth laying ground wire - h = 30 cm _cable.

In FIG. 8 shows the topology of the protected underground cable trunking ZK and the source of influence of the spreading currents from the ground electrode Z ₁ , where:

- 1 - transmission system;

- 18 - protected underground cable trunk ЗК;

- 19 - ground loop of the transmitting system 1;

- 20 - segments of a grounded lightning protection cable;

- 21 - grounding conductors of the metal covers of the underground trunk cable and the metal housing of the NZP;

- 22 - two grounding conductors for each part of a segment of a lightning protection cable;

- NZP1 (NZP2, NZP3) - maintenance-free protection point;

- 4 ₁ - the first of the N sections of the emitters of the antenna system of the Central branch of the current;

- Z ₁ - the first earthing switch, from N earthing switches, antenna system;

- a - terminals or connection points of earthing switches 22 to the segments of lightning protection cables 20;

- b - terminals or points of connection of grounding conductors 21 to the underground trunk cable 18 and non-serving protective points (NZP);

- to - terminal or point of connection of a lightning protection cable to the ground loop of the transmitting system 1.

In FIG. 9 presents a maintenance-free protection point (NZP) of the protected cable trunk, where:

- A1 - block electric division of wire circuits of the cable line;

- Tr. 1, Tr. 2 - isolation transformers of the first information channel;

- Tr. 3, Tr. 4 - isolation transformers of the second information channel;

- Tr. 5, Tr. 6 - isolation transformers of the phantom information (service) channel;

- 23, 24 and 25 - the first second and third channel amplifiers;

- dr. 1 and C1 are the elements of the first low-pass filter of the amplifier power circuit;

- dr. 2, C2 - elements of the second low-pass filter of the amplifier power circuit;

- K1 - the first cable included in the NZP;

- K2 - the second cable included in the NZP;

- h _cable - the depth of the cable in the surface layer of the earth;

- 1, 2, 3, and 4 — numbers of conductors in the main cable in each of two cables included in an unattended protective point for their electrical separation (for example, a single-cable cable - МКСБ 1 × 4, but more often use two cables with a capacity of four four - МКСБ 4 × 4, or ISSB 7 × 4; fiber optic is not applicable, due to the difficulty of protecting the metal sheaths of the cable);

- k - terminal or midpoint of two filters consisting of C1, dr. 1 and C2, dr. 2, as well as the connection point of the plus voltage (+ U) of the power source of the amplifiers 23, 24 and 25;

- a, b - terminals or connection points of cable conductors K1 (or K2) to the windings of isolation transformers Tr. 1, Tr. 2, Tr. 3, Tr. 4, Tr. 5, Tr. 6;

- s, f, f, d, c, y - terminals or midpoints of isolation transformers Tr. 1, Tr. 2, Tr. 3, Tr. 4, Tr. 5, Tr. 6;

- p, p - terminals or connection points of capacitance filters C, inductor Dr and midpoints of transformers Tr. 5 and Tr. 6;

- + U - plus the power source of the amplifiers supplied through the phantom circuit of the cable of the first K1.

равна длине правой ветви

(или

); ток антенны правой ветви

равен току антенны левой ветви

(или

); ток антенны центральной ветви I_A, подходящей к клемме «а» равен сумме токов отходящих от клеммы «а» к антенне правой ветви

и антенне левой ветви

(или

); ток антенны правой ветви

равен обратному току

в земле на глубине h равной скин-слою среды - земли; ток антенны левой ветви

равен обратному току

в земле на глубине h равной скин-слою среды - земли.The ELF-ELF transmitting antenna shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 contains three branches of the antenna current: the central current branch of the transmitting antenna, the left current branch of the transmitting antenna, and the right current branch of the transmitting antenna; the connection terminal “a” is the electrical contact of all three branches, the left branch of the transmitting antenna being a continuation of the right branch through the connection terminal “a”, both branches are one topological line; the topological line of the central branch of the current of the transmitting antenna is perpendicular to the topological line of the left and right branches of the current of the transmitting antenna and connected to terminal “a” in the center of the length of the topological line of the left and right branches of the current of the transmitting antenna, since the length of the left branch

equal to the length of the right branch

(or

); right antenna current

equal to the antenna current of the left branch

(or

); the current of the antenna of the central branch I _A , suitable for terminal “a”, is equal to the sum of the currents outgoing from terminal “a” to the antenna of the right branch

and antenna of the left branch

(or

); right antenna current

equal to reverse current

in the earth at a depth h equal to the skin layer of the medium - the earth; left branch antenna current

equal to reverse current

in the earth at a depth h equal to the skin layer of the medium - the earth.

: защищенную подземную кабельную магистраль управления и связи ЗК, систему управления передающей СНЧ-КНЧ антенной - 1 состоящую: из задающего генератора 1-1, модулятора 1-2, системы управления, защиты и автоматизации 1-3, усилителя мощности 1-4, согласующего устройства 1-5, индикатор тока антенны 1-6, и источника тока 1-7; N преобразователей, с первого 2₁ преобразователя по N - 2_N, центральной ветви тока, N заземлителей антенны, с первого 3₁ заземлителя по N - 3_N, центральной ветви тока, N излучающих отрезков, с первого 4₁ отрезка по N - 4_N, подземного неэкранированного кабеля антенной системы длиной

центральной ветви тока, при этом защищенная подземная кабельная магистраль управления и связи ЗК через первый вход системы управления передающей СНЧ-КНЧ антенной - 1 соединена с первым входом модулятора 1-2, а второй вход модулятора 1-2 соединен с выходом задающего генератора 1-1, выход модулятора 1-2 соединен с первым входом усилителя мощности 1-4, выход системы управления, защиты и автоматизации 1-3 соединен параллельно со вторым входом усилителя мощности 1-4, с входом задающего генератора 1-1 и со вторым входом согласующего устройства 1-5; третий вход усилителя мощности 1-4 соединен с первым заземлителем антенной системы 3₁ через второй вход системы управления передающей СНЧ-КНЧ антенной 1, через первый выход индикатора тока антенны 1-6; выход усилителя мощности 1-4 соединен через первый вход согласующего устройства 1-5, через первый выход согласующего устройства 1-5 с выходом системы управления передающей СНЧ-КНЧ антенной 1, второй выход согласующего устройства 1-5 соединен с первым входом системы управления, защиты и автоматизации 1-3, второй вход системы управления, защиты и автоматизации 1-3 соединен с выходом индикатора тока антенны 1-6, источник тока 1-7 соединен параллельно с входами блоков 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5 системы управления передающей СНЧ-КНЧ антенной 1 через их систему электроснабжения; выход системы управления передающей СНЧ-КНЧ антенной 1 соединен через первый излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₁ передающей антенны с входом первого преобразователя 2₁, первый выход первого преобразователя 2₁ соединен с помощью второго излучающего отрезка подземного кабеля 4₂ передающей антенны с входом второго преобразователя 2₂, а второй выход первого преобразователя 2₁ соединен со вторым заземлителем 3₂ передающей антенны; выход второго преобразователя 2₂ соединен через третий излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₃ передающей антенны с входом третьего преобразователя 2₃, а второй выход второго преобразователя 2₂ соединен с третьим заземлителем 3₃ передающей антенны; выход третьего преобразователя 2₃ соединен через четвертый излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₄ передающей антенны с входом четвертого преобразователя 2₄, а второй выход третьего преобразователя 2₃ соединен с четвертым заземлителем 3₄ передающей антенны; выход четвертого преобразователя 2₄ соединен через пятый излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₅ передающей антенны с входом пятого преобразователя 2₅, а второй выход четвертого преобразователя 2₄ соединен с пятым заземлителем 3₅ передающей антенны; выход пятого преобразователя 2₅ соединен через шестой излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₆ антенной системы с входом шестого преобразователя 2₆, а второй выход пятого преобразователя 2$ соединен с шестым заземлителем 3₆ передающей антенны; таким образом обеспечивается соединение последующих преобразователей с последующими излучающими отрезками кабелей передающей антенны; выход N-1 преобразователя 2_N-1 соединен через N излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4_N передающей антенны с входом N преобразователя 2_N, а второй выход N-1 преобразователя 2n соединен с N-1 заземлителем 3_N-1 передающей антенны; первый выход преобразователя 2_N соединен с клеммой «а», а второй выход преобразователя 2_N соединен с N заземлителем 3_N передающей антенны.The ELF-ELF transmitting antenna shown in FIG. 2 (Fig. 1), contains the central current branch of the antenna with a length of

: protected underground cable trunking for control and communication of the ЗК, control system for the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna - 1 consisting of: a master oscillator 1-1, a modulator 1-2, a control, protection and automation system 1-3, a power amplifier 1-4, matching devices 1-5, antenna current indicator 1-6, and current source 1-7; N converters, from the first 2 _{1 of the} converter in N - 2 _N , the central branch of the current, N grounding antennas, from the first 3 _{1 of} grounding in the N - 3 _N , central branch of the current, N radiating segments, from the first 4 ₁ section of N - 4 _N , underground unshielded cable antenna system length

the central branch of the current, while the protected underground cable management and communication cable ЗК through the first input of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna - 1 is connected to the first input of the modulator 1-2, and the second input of the modulator 1-2 is connected to the output of the master generator 1-1 , the output of the modulator 1-2 is connected to the first input of the power amplifier 1-4, the output of the control, protection and automation system 1-3 is connected in parallel with the second input of the power amplifier 1-4, with the input of the master oscillator 1-1 and with the second input of the matching device 1-5; the third input of the power amplifier 1-4 is connected to the first ground electrode of the antenna system 3 ₁ through the second input of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna 1, through the first output of the antenna current indicator 1-6; the output of the power amplifier 1-4 is connected through the first input of the matching device 1-5, through the first output of the matching device 1-5 with the output of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna 1, the second output of the matching device 1-5 is connected to the first input of the control system, protection and automation 1-3, the second input of the control, protection and automation system 1-3 is connected to the output of the current indicator of the antenna 1-6, the current source 1-7 is connected in parallel with the inputs of the blocks 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1 -4, 1-5 of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna 1 through their electronic system equipment; the output of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna 1 is connected through the first radiating section of the underground cable 4 _{1 of the} transmitting antenna to the input of the first converter 2 ₁ , the first output of the first converter 2 _{1 is} connected using the second radiating section of the underground cable 4 _{2 of the} transmitting antenna to the input of the second converter 2 ₂ , and the second output of the first converter 2 _{1 is} connected to the second ground electrode 3 _{2 of the} transmitting antenna; the output of the second converter 2 _{2 is} connected through the third radiating segment of the underground cable 4 _{3 of the} transmitting antenna to the input of the third converter 2 ₃ , and the second output of the second converter 2 _{2 is} connected to the third ground electrode 3 _{3 of the} transmitting antenna; the output of the third converter 2 _{3 is} connected through the fourth radiating section of the underground cable 4 _{4 of the} transmitting antenna to the input of the fourth converter 2 ₄ , and the second output of the third converter 2 _{3 is} connected to the fourth ground electrode 3 _{4 of the} transmitting antenna; the output of the fourth converter 2 _{4 is} connected through the fifth radiating segment of the underground cable 4 _{5 of the} transmitting antenna to the input of the fifth converter 2 ₅ , and the second output of the fourth converter 2 _{4 is} connected to the fifth earthing switch 3 _{5 of the} transmitting antenna; the output of the fifth converter 2 _{5 is} connected through the sixth radiating section of the underground cable 4 _{6 of the} antenna system to the input of the sixth converter 2 ₆ , and the second output of the fifth converter 2 $ is connected to the sixth earthing switch 3 _{6 of the} transmitting antenna; this ensures the connection of subsequent converters with subsequent radiating cable segments of the transmitting antenna; the output N-1 of the converter 2 _{N-1 is} connected through the N radiating segment of the underground cable 4 _{N of the} transmitting antenna to the input N of the converter 2 _N , and the second output N-1 of the converter 2n is connected to the N-1 ground electrode 3 of the _N-1 transmitting antenna; the first output of converter 2 _{N is} connected to terminal “a”, and the second output of converter 2 _{N is} connected to N ground electrode 3 _{N of the} transmitting antenna.

, представленная на фиг. 2 содержит N преобразователей, с первого 2₂₁ по N преобразователь 2_2N, N заземлителей, с первого 3₂₁ по N заземлитель 3_2N, N излучающих секций, с первой 4₂₁ по N излучающую секцию 4_2N, при этом клемма «а» соединена через первый излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₂₁ передающей антенны с входом первого преобразователя 2₂₁ левой ветви тока передающей антенны, первый выход первого преобразователя 2₂₁ через второй излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₂₂ соединен с входом второго преобразователя 2₂₂, второй выход первого преобразователя 2₂₁ соединен с первым заземлителем 3₂₁ левой ветви тока передающей антенны; первый выход второго преобразователя 2₂₂ через третий излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₂₃ соединен с входом четвертого преобразователя 2₂₄, второй выход второго преобразователя 2₂₂ соединен со вторым заземлителем 3₂₂ левой ветви тока передающей антенны; таким образом обеспечивается соединение последующих преобразователей с последующими излучающими отрезками кабелей левой ветви тока передающей антенны; первый выход N-1 преобразователя 2_2N-1 через N излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4_2N соединен с входом N преобразователя 2_2N, выход N преобразователя 2_2N соединен с N заземлителем 3_2N левой ветви тока передающей антенны;The left branch of the current transmitting antenna ELF-ELF length

shown in FIG. 2 contains N converters, from the first 2 ₂₁ to N converter 2 _2N , N ground conductors, from the first 3 ₂₁ to N ground electrode 3 _2N , N radiating sections, from the first 4 ₂₁ to N radiating section 4 _2N , while terminal “a” is connected through the first radiating section of the underground cable 4 _{21 of the} transmitting antenna with the input of the first converter 2 _{21 of the} left branch of the current of the transmitting antenna, the first output of the first converter 2 ₂₁ through the second radiating section of the underground cable 4 _{22 is} connected to the input of the second converter 2 ₂₂ , the second output of the first converter 2 ₂₁ connected to rvym earthing March ₂₁ the left branch of the transmitting antenna current; the first output of the second converter 2 ₂₂ through the third radiating section of the underground cable 4 _{23 is} connected to the input of the fourth converter 2 ₂₄ , the second output of the second converter 2 _{22 is} connected to the second ground electrode 3 _{22 of the} left branch of the current of the transmitting antenna; this ensures the connection of subsequent converters with subsequent radiating cable segments of the left current branch of the transmitting antenna; the first output N-1 of the converter 2 _2N-1 through the N radiating section of the underground cable 4 _{2N is} connected to the input N of the converter 2 _2N , the output N of the converter 2 _{2N is} connected to the N ground electrode 3 _{2N of the} left branch of the current of the transmitting antenna;

представленная на фиг. 2 содержит N преобразователей, с первого 2₁₁ по N преобразователь 2_1N, N заземлителей, с первого 3₁₁ по N заземлитель 3_1N, N излучающих секций, с первой 4₁₁ по N излучающую секцию 4_1N, при этом клемма «а» соединена через первый излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₁₁ передающей антенны с входом первого преобразователя 2₁₁ правой ветви тока передающей антенны, первый выход первого преобразователя 2₁₁ через второй излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₁₂ соединен с входом второго преобразователя 2₁₂, второй выход первого преобразователя 2₁₁ соединен с первым заземлителем 3₁₁ правой ветви тока передающей антенны; первый выход второго преобразователя 2₁₂ через третий излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4₁₃ соединен с входом четвертого преобразователя 2₁₄, второй выход второго преобразователя 2₁₂ соединен со вторым заземлителем 3₁₂ правой ветви тока передающей антенны; таким образом, обеспечивается соединение последующих преобразователей с последующими излучающими отрезками кабелей и заземлителями правой ветви тока передающей антенны; первый выход N-1 преобразователя 2_1N-1 через N излучающий отрезок подземного кабеля 4_1N соединен с входом N преобразователя 2_1N, выход N преобразователя 2_1N соединен с N заземлителем 3_1N правой ветви тока передающей антенны.The right branch of the current transmitting antenna ELF-ELF length

shown in FIG. 2 contains N converters, from the first 2 ₁₁ to N converter 2 _1N , N ground conductors, from the first 3 ₁₁ to N ground electrode 3 _1N , N radiating sections, from the first 4 ₁₁ to N radiating section 4 _1N , while terminal “a” is connected through the first radiating section of the underground cable 4 _{11 of the} transmitting antenna with the input of the first converter 2 _{11 of the} right branch of the current of the transmitting antenna, the first output of the first converter 2 ₁₁ through the second radiating section of the underground cable 4 _{12 is} connected to the input of the second converter 2 ₁₂ , the second output of the first converter 2 ₁₁ connected to ervym earthing March ₁₁ of the right branch of the transmitting antenna current; the first output of the second converter 2 ₁₂ through the third radiating section of the underground cable 4 _{13 is} connected to the input of the fourth converter 2 ₁₄ , the second output of the second converter 2 _{12 is} connected to the second ground electrode 3 _{12 of the} right branch of the current of the transmitting antenna; in this way, the connection of subsequent converters with subsequent radiating cable segments and grounding conductors of the right current branch of the transmitting antenna is ensured; the first output N-1 of the converter 2 _1N-1 through the N radiating segment of the underground cable 4 _{1N is} connected to the input N of the converter 2 _1N , the output N of the converter 2 _{1N is} connected to the N ground electrode 3 _{1N of the} right branch of the current of the transmitting antenna.

- ток в N-1 секции антенны системы длинной до 20 км;

- ток в N секции антенны системы длинной до 20 км;

- разность токов N-1 секции антенны и N секции антенны, при этом вход N-1 отрезка подземного кабеля 4 секции антенной системы соединен через первичную обмотку информационного трансформатора (Тр. И) 6 с первым входом токового трансформатора 16 и через первый выход токового трансформатора 16 со вторым выходом преобразователя 2 м, вторичная обмотка 2 информационного трансформатора (Тр. И) 6 соединена через первый усилитель 8 параллельно с входом интегральной цепочки 9 и с входом дифференциальной цепочки 10; выход дифференциальной цепочки соединен с первым входом усилителя мощности 15 через первый вентиль В. 1, через второй усилитель 11, через генератор тактовых импульсов 13, через первый вход модулятора 14; выход интегрирующей цепочки 9 соединен через второй вентиль В. 2, через третий усилитель 12 со вторым входом модулятора 14; второй выход токового трансформатора 16 через регулятор мощности 17 соединен со вторым входом усилителя мощности 15; выход усилителя мощности 15 соединен с первичной обмоткой 1 силового трансформатора (Тр. С) 7; вторичная обмотка 2 силового трансформатора (Тр. С) 7 соединена клеммой «а» со вторым входом токового трансформатора 16, а клеммой «в» через первый выход преобразователя 2_N с входом N отрезка подземного кабеля 4₂ секции антенной системы.One of the N converters 2 _N (any 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , ..., 2 _N , or any 2 ₁₂ , 2 ₁₂ , ..., 2 _1N , or any 2 ₂₁ , 2 ₂₂ , ..., 2 _2N ,) in FIG. 3 contains: an underground cable 4 _{N of the} radiating section of the antenna system, a source of electric power supply 5 blocks of the converter 2 _N , information transformer Tr. And 6, power transformer Tr. C 7, a first amplifier 8, an integrated circuit 9, a second valve B. 2 a differential circuit 10, a first valve B. 1, a second amplifier 11, a third amplifier 12, a clock 13, a modulator 14, a power amplifier 15, a current transformer 16, a power regulator 17 at the input of a power amplifier 15,

- current in the N-1 section of the antenna of the system up to 20 km long;

- current in the N section of the antenna of the system up to 20 km long;

- the current difference N-1 section of the antenna and N section of the antenna, while the input N-1 of the segment of the underground cable 4 sections of the antenna system is connected through the primary winding of the information transformer (Tr. I) 6 with the first input of the current transformer 16 and through the first output of the current transformer 16 with the second output of the converter 2 m, the secondary winding 2 of the information transformer (Tr. I) 6 is connected through the first amplifier 8 in parallel with the input of the integrated circuit 9 and with the input of the differential circuit 10; the differential circuit output is connected to the first input of the power amplifier 15 through the first valve B. 1, through the second amplifier 11, through the clock generator 13, through the first input of the modulator 14; the output of the integrating chain 9 is connected through the second valve B. 2, through the third amplifier 12 with the second input of the modulator 14; the second output of the current transformer 16 through the power regulator 17 is connected to the second input of the power amplifier 15; the output of the power amplifier 15 is connected to the primary winding 1 of the power transformer (Tr. C) 7; the secondary winding 2 of the power transformer (Tr. C) 7 is connected by terminal “a” to the second input of the current transformer 16, and terminal “b” through the first output of the converter 2 _N with the input N of the length of the underground cable 4 ₂ sections of the antenna system.

от N-1 секции подземного кабеля 4₁ антенной системы в первичной обмотке, втекаемый через первый вход на выход токового трансформатора 16 к заземлителю 3_N, с током

в N секции подземного кабеля 4₂ антенной системы протекаемый во второй обмотке 2 токового трансформатора 16, втекаемый через первый выход от заземлителя 3_N, разностный ток

от N-1 секции антенны и N секции антенны первой 3 и второй обмоток 2 возбуждаемый в третьей обмотке 3 токового трансформатора 16.In FIG. 4 current transformer 16 contains a three-winding transformer Tr. 1, while the first input of the current transformer 16 through the first winding 1 of the three-winding transformer Tr. 1 is connected to terminal “a”, the second input of the current transformer 16 through the secondary winding 2 of the three-winding transformer Tr. 1 is connected to terminal “a”, the second output of the current transformer 16 through the third winding 3 of the three-winding transformer Tr. 1 is connected to terminal “a”, terminal “a” is connected to the first output of current transformer 16; with current

from the N-1 section of the underground cable 4 _{1 of the} antenna system in the primary winding, flowing through the first input to the output of the current transformer 16 to the ground electrode 3 _N , with current

in the N section of the underground cable 4 _{2 of the} antenna system, the current flowing in the second winding 2 of the current transformer 16, flowing through the first output from the ground electrode 3 _N , differential current

from the N-1 section of the antenna and the N section of the antenna of the first 3 and second windings 2 excited in the third winding 3 of the current transformer 16.

In FIG. 8 shows a protected underground cable trunking ZK 18 located in the zone of current spreading from the ground electrode Z ₁ , comprising: a control system for transmitting an ELF-ELF antenna 1, an ground loop 19 for a control system for transmitting an ELF-ELF antenna 1, pieces of a grounded lightning protection cable 20 connected to two ground electrodes 22, grounding conductors 21 of the metal cover of the underground trunk cable and the metal housing of the NZP, two grounding conductors connected at the ends of each part of the segment of the lightning protection cable 21, maintenance-free protective e NZP points (NZP1, NZP2, NZP3), the first emitter 4 ₁ and the first ground electrode З ₁ from N sections of the antenna system of the central branch of the current, while the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna 1 is connected to the ground loop 19, the first input of the transmitting control system ELF-ELF antenna 1 is connected to a protected underground cable trunk 18, over the underground cable 18 in the environment of the surface layer of the earth is a split lightning protection cable 20; the first section of the lightning cable 20 is connected on one side through terminal “k” to the ground loop 19 of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna 1, on the other hand, the first section of the lightning cable is grounded through terminal “a” with its own ground electrode 22; the second section and subsequent sections of the lightning protection cable 20 are grounded at the ends of the sections through their own terminals “a” for each section to their own grounding conductors 22 in each section; the underground cable trunk 18 contains sections of the trunk connected to a single trunk through maintenance-free protection points (NZP); the metal case of maintenance-free protective points of the NZP is connected to the metal covers of the main cable and make up a single system grounded on its own grounding conductors; each maintenance-free protective point has its own ground electrode 21; protection of the underground cable line 18 is carried out within the radius R of the _{EARTH CURRENT current} spreading of the ground electrode current Z _{1 of the} transmitting antenna; the second input of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna 1 is connected to the first earthing switch Z _{1 of the} transmitting antenna in its central current branch; the output of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna 1 is connected to the first radiating section 4 _{1 of the} transmitting antenna in its central current branch.

In FIG. Figure 9 shows a maintenance-free protective point (NZP) of a protected cable trunk line consisting of N blocks A1, electric division blocks of wire circuits of the cable trunk line in which two information channels, a phantom intercom channel and a power supply circuit of channel amplifiers are formed; moreover, each block A1 contains: two isolation transformers of the first information channel Tr. 1, Tr. 2; two isolation transformers of the second information channel Tr. 3, Tr. four; two isolation transformers of the phantom information (service) channel Tr. 5, Tr. 6; three channel amplifiers 23, 24 and 25; first dr. 1, C1 and the second Dr. 2, C2 low-pass filters power supply circuit channel amplifiers; the first K1 and second K2 cables included in the in-process assembly; wherein the first wire 1 of the input cable K1 of the input to the wiring through the first input of block A1 is connected to the terminal “a” of the primary winding 1 of the first isolation transformer Tr. 1, the second wire 2 of the first cable input to the wiring harness through the second input of block A1 is connected to terminal “b” of the primary winding 1 of the first isolation transformer Tr. 1, the secondary winding 2 of the first isolation transformer Tr. 1 through the first channel amplifier 23 is connected to the primary winding 1 of the second isolation transformer Tr. 2, the secondary winding 2 of the second isolation transformer Tr. 2 terminal “a” is connected to the first wire 1 of the output from the NZP of the first cable K1 through the first output of block A1, and terminal “b” is the secondary winding 2 is connected to the second wire 2 of the output from the NZP of the first cable K1 through the second output of block A1; the third wire 3 of the input cable of the first cable K1 input through the third input of block A1 is connected to terminal “a” of the primary winding 1 of the third isolation transformer Tr. 3, the fourth wire 4 of the input of the first cable K1 input to the NZP through the fourth input of block A1 is connected to terminal “b” of the primary winding 1 of the third isolation transformer Tr. 3, the secondary winding 2 of the third isolation transformer Tr. 3 through a second channel amplifier 24 is connected to the primary winding 1 of the fourth isolation transformer Tr. 4, the secondary winding 2 of the fourth isolation transformer Tr. 4 terminal “a” is connected to the third wire 3 of the output from the wiring of the first cable K1 through the third output of block A1, and terminal “b” of the secondary winding of the transformer Tr. 4 is connected to the fourth wire 4 of the output from the wiring of the first cable K1 through the fourth output of block A1; terminal “c” as the midpoint of the primary winding of the first isolation transformer Tr. 1 is connected to terminal “a” of the primary winding of the fifth isolation transformer Tr. 5, terminal “g” as the midpoint of the primary winding of the third isolation transformer Tr. 3 is connected to terminal “b” of the primary winding of the fifth isolation transformer Tr. 5, the secondary winding of the fifth isolation transformer Tr. 5 is connected to the primary winding of the sixth isolation transformer Tr. 6 through a third channel amplifier 25; secondary winding of the sixth isolation transformer Tr. 6 terminal “a” is connected to terminal “d” as the midpoint of the secondary winding of the second isolation transformer Tr. 2, and terminal “b” of the secondary winding of the sixth isolation transformer Tr. 6 is connected to terminal “c” as the midpoint of the secondary winding of the fourth isolation transformer Tr. four; terminal "f" as the midpoint of the primary winding of the fifth isolation transformer Tr. 5 is connected to terminal “n” and through terminal “n” in parallel through the first inductor Dr. 1 with terminal “k” and with a grounded first capacitor C1; terminal “y” as the midpoint of the secondary winding of the sixth isolation transformer Tr. 6 is connected to the terminal “p” and through the terminal “p” in parallel through the second inductor Dr. 2 with terminal “k” and with a grounded second capacitor C2; terminal “k” is connected to terminal “+ U” forming a plus of the power supply of channel amplifiers.

, изолированному от земли, как проводящей среды. Этот протяженный проводник соединен через клемму «а» параллельно с правой и левой токовыми ветвями. Топология трасс правой и левой токовых ветвей перпендикулярны топологии центральной токовой ветви передающей антенны. Каждая из трех ветвей разделены на N излучающих секций последовательно включенных между собой.The principle of operation "The communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and remote objects" is as follows. The shore-based communication system contains a transmitting antenna (Fig. 1), which represents the central branch of current flowing along an underground long conductor of length

isolated from the earth as a conductive medium. This extended conductor is connected through terminal “a” in parallel with the right and left current branches. The topology of the paths of the right and left current branches is perpendicular to the topology of the central current branch of the transmitting antenna. Each of the three branches is divided into N radiating sections connected in series with each other.

Neighboring sections, of N sections, are interconnected via a 2 _N converter, of N converters in the antenna system, each of N converters is connected to its own ground electrode 3 _N of N grounding conductors. Transmitting system 1 consisting of a master oscillator 1-1, a modulator 1-2, a control, protection and automation system 1-3, a power amplifier 1-4, a matching device 1-5, an antenna current indicator 1-6, and a current source 1- 7 is intended to create a given current in the antenna system corresponding to the desired value of the magnetic moment of the antenna at the radiation frequency. Moreover, the transmitting system 1 has a master oscillator 1-1, which is tuned depending on the transmission frequency, and a modulator 1-2, which receives the necessary information to modulate a given frequency of the master oscillator 1 at the first input of the transmitting system 1 and the second input of the modulator 1-2 -1 arriving at its first entrance. The modulated signal at the output of the modulator 1-2 is fed to the first input of the power amplifier 1-4, the latter provides a predetermined current at the output of the transmitting system 1 in the first section 4 _{1 of the} antenna system, and the output parameters of the power amplifier 1-4 are matched with the first section 4 antenna systems at the operating frequency is carried out through the first input of the matching device 1-5. Monitoring parameters matching current entering the first section 4 _{1 of the} antenna system is carried out in matching device 1-5, data on matching parameters, frequency and magnitude of current through matching device 1-5 are received at the first input to the control, protection and automation system 1-3. At the same time, the current coming from the ground electrode 3 ₁ through the second input of the transmitting system 1 through the first output of the current indicator of the antenna system 1-6 to the third input of the power amplifier 1-4 is monitored, data on the current of the ground electrode 3 ₁ through the second output of the current indicator of the antenna system 1-6 arrive at the second input of the control system, protection and automation 1-3. The current of the ground electrode 3 _{1 to} the control, protection and automation system 1-3 controls the operation of the entire antenna system of its elements: converters 2 _N , ground electrodes 3 _N and N sections, sections of the underground unscreened cable 4 _N : the accuracy of the antenna system “Communication systems ...” is determined »In terms of current, frequency and distortion of information. The adjustment of the transmitting system 1 is carried out through the output of the control, protection and automation system 1-3 for the master oscillator 1-1 through its input, for the power amplifier 1-4 through its second input and the matching device 1-5 through its second input.

Thus, the transmitting system 1 sets the parameters for the operation of the entire antenna system. So the parameters of the current in frequency, modulation and level, arriving at the output of the transmitting system 1 and flowing through the first section 4 _{1 of the} cable of the antenna system must be restored by each of the N converters. Therefore, the current flowing into the ground electrode 3 _N must be equal to the current of the first section 4 _{1 of the} underground cable. This is achieved by the operation of converters 2 _N , the principle of operation of the converters is identical and is represented by the block diagram in FIG. 2.

The reception and registration of radiation generated by the ELF-ELF antenna system is carried out using a towed cable antenna, antenna amplifier and receiver of the ELF-ELF range, located on board the underwater object,

The current control system transmitting the ELF-ELF antenna 1 after passing the first section 4 _{1 of the} underground cable is fed to the input of the first Converter 2 ₁ (Fig. 2). From the first input of the converter 2 _{1, the} current flows through the primary winding 1 of the information transformer 6 and then through the first input of the current transformer 16 and the second output of the converter 2 _{1 is} supplied to the ground electrode 3 ₂ . Due to mutual induction, the current of the primary winding of the information transformer 6 in its secondary winding 2 induces an EMF corresponding to the current parameters in the primary winding 1. This EMF is amplified by the first amplifier 8 and enters in parallel to the integrated circuit 9 and the differential circuit 10. At the output of the integrated circuit, an envelope or information component of the current of the transmitting system 1. This information component, after being limited to a single-period valve B. 2 and amplification by the third amplifier 13, is fed to the second input of the mode Yator 12 than is provided by the clock generator 13, the modulation voltage supplied to the first input of modulator 14. The output of the differential circuit 10 appear pulses of the carrier frequency of the current generated in the first portion 4 ₁ cable transmission system 1. The first valve 1 B. leaves only a positive pulse at its the output, which, after amplification by the second amplifier 11, is supplied to synchronize the clock pulse generator 13, which ensures the reconstruction of the operating frequency of the master oscillator 1-1 of the transmission system 1. Next, restore the created operating frequency by the generator 13 passing the modulator 14 receives the information component. The output signal of the modulator 14 corresponding to the signal of the transmitting system 1 is supplied to the power amplifier 15. The high voltage at the output of the power amplifier 15 creates sufficient current in the primary winding of the power transformer 7 to create the required current in the secondary winding for the second section 4 _{2 of the} cable of the antenna system communication ... ". The current of the second winding of the power transformer 7 is connected to the first output of the converter 2 _{1 by the} terminal “b”, and the first output of the converter is connected to the second section 4 _{2 of} the antenna system cable, generating current in section 4 ₂ . This current must be equal to the current excited in section 4 _{1 of the} cable by the transmitting system 1. To control the current in section 4 _{1 of the} cable, terminal “a” of the secondary winding of the power transformer is connected to the second input of the current transformer 16, and the second output of this current transformer 16 is connected through a regulator power 17 to the second input of the power amplifier 15, which ensures the adjustment of the power level at the output of the power amplifier 15.

, а во второй обмотке протекает ток

возбужденный преобразователем 2₁ во второй секции 4₂ кабеля антенной системы. Оба тока в первичной и вторичной обмотках направлены встречно, этим компенсируется возбужденная в них взаимоиндукция. Если токи равны

, то в третьей обмотки наведенная ЭДС равна нулю. А если токи в первичной и вторичной обмотках не равны

, то возникающая разность

взаимоиндукций наводит ЭДС в третьей обмотки токового трансформатора 16 (фиг. 3). Эта ЭДС поступает на второй выход токового трансформация 16 и через регулятор мощности 17 изменяет мощность усилителя мощности 15 в сторону уменьшения или в сторону увеличения (фиг. 2).The operation of the current transformer 16 is illustrated by the circuit of FIG. 3. The current transformer has three windings. Through the first winding 1 of the current transformer 16 flows the current excited by the transmitting system 1 in the first section 4 ₁ -

, and current flows in the second winding

excited by the Converter 2 ₁ in the second section 4 ₂ cable antenna system. Both currents in the primary and secondary windings are directed in the opposite direction, this compensates for the mutual induction excited in them. If the currents are equal

, then in the third winding the induced emf is zero. And if the currents in the primary and secondary windings are not equal

then the difference

mutual induction induces EMF in the third winding of the current transformer 16 (Fig. 3). This EMF is fed to the second output of the current transformation 16 and through the power regulator 17 changes the power of the power amplifier 15 in the direction of decreasing or increasing (Fig. 2).

Thus, the current does not flow through the ground electrode 3 ₂ in the operating state, because the currents of the primary and secondary windings in the current transformer 16 are always adjusted equal in amplitude but opposite in phase, therefore, the fields excited by each other compensate. Therefore, grounding conductors should be cheap during construction. Therefore, all grounding conductors with the converters are not working and are necessary only for setting the required current in the antenna system. For operation, only the first 3 ₁ and the last 3 _N ground electrodes in the antenna system are used (Fig. 1)

The described operation of the converter 2 ₁ is typical for the remaining converters from 2 ₂ to 2 _N , so there is no need to repeat the description of their operating principle.

An earth-insulated cable can be used as a conductor for the antenna system. Calculations of the parameters of an insulated conductor of various cross sections are presented in the table below.

The table shows that with an underground cable section length of 25 km, the wave impedance is 280 Ohms at a current of 10 A, the voltage in the cable will be about 3000 V. At this voltage, the PDA cable works - underwater coaxial cable. If the production of a cable without a shield is laid down, then it can be used as sections in the antenna system considered in the “Communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and distant objects - 1”

, тогда подземный кабель, все его секции работают как единый не делимый кабель, и следовательно, разрядный ток между концевыми заземлителями 3₁ и 3_N будет протекать на глубине скин-слоя для проводимости земли размещения этих заземлителей. Так на частоте 3 Гц скин-слой для σ=10^-4⋅См/м, будет равен

для концевых заземлителей первого 3₁ и последнего 3_N. Глубина протекания обратного тока антенной системы будет 11 км.Thus, the current does not flow through the ground electrode 3 ₂ in the operating state, because the currents of the primary and secondary windings in the current transformer 16 are always adjusted equal in amplitude but opposite in phase, therefore, the fields excited by each other compensate. Therefore, grounding conductors should be cheap during construction. Therefore, all grounding conductors with the converters are not working and are necessary only for setting the required current in the antenna system. For operation, only the first 3 ₁ and the last 3 _N grounding conductors in the antenna system are used (Fig. 1), and the currents along the entire length of the antenna system for each section of the underground cable must be rigidly equal

, then the underground cable, all its sections work as a single indivisible cable, and therefore, the discharge current between the terminal ground electrodes 3 ₁ and 3 _N will flow at the depth of the skin layer for the conductivity of the ground for the placement of these ground electrodes. So, at a frequency of 3 Hz, the skin layer for σ = 10 ^-4 ⋅ cm / m will be equal to

for end earthing switches of the first 3 ₁ and last 3 _N. The depth of the reverse current flow of the antenna system will be 11 km.

End earthing, thus providing electrical contact with the earth's surface, and seek to create the best conditions for electrical contact. This means reducing the transition resistance at the metal-earth interface by increasing the size of the grounding conductors. The most acceptable dimensions for earth conductivity σ = 10 ^-4 ⋅ cm / m are 1000 m × 1000 m. In this case, the spreading current from the terminal earthing will represent a hemisphere in the earth with a radius R _{of the ground electrode current} = 11 km., As was shown by the calculations above . In the spreading zone of the first earthing switch Z _1, there is a cable underground line (Fig. 6), which provides information from remote control points to the input of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna 1 with the aim of emitting it into the channel to deeply loaded and distant objects. A natural question is about protecting the cable underground line necessary from the spreading currents. The experience of cable systems in spreading zones leads to the following phenomena:

- interfering influences in information channels;

- hazardous influences in the form of unacceptable voltages in the wire - ground circuits for maintenance personnel of cable lines;

- heating the insulation and its burnout due to the impossibility of heat removal in the cables.

Therefore, protection of the underground cable trunk is necessary. Such protection is carried out on cable lines when they approach high-voltage substations of high-voltage power lines (see Mikhailov MI Razumov LD “Protection of communication structures from dangerous and disturbing influences”, - M :, Svyaz Publishing House 1978) .

Based on the rules for the design of communication facilities, in particular cable lines subject to the influence of high-voltage sources spreading currents, it is recommended to lay a lightning-protective cable on top of the cable to increase the protective action coefficient (or KZD) of the cable (Fig. 7). The latter doubles the cable security. Therefore, they lay up to three lightning protection cables, which reduces the influence voltage by four times. In addition, they introduce the separation of the cable into segments by dividing the electrical length of the cable affected by the introduction of maintenance-free protective points (NZP).

To protect the underground cable trunk from the antenna “Communication systems of the ELF and ELF range with deeply immersed remote objects”, the recommended methods are applicable and are shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8. In the zone of spreading currents from the ground electrode Z ₁ , a protection system for the underground cable trunking shown in FIG. 8. The cable line 18 is connected at the first input to the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna 1. At the same time, the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna 1 has its own ground loop 19. The need for a ground loop is justified by the fact that the potential of the earth's surface and the hardware complex of the control system transmitting ELF-ELF antenna 1 will differ significantly and will exceed the norms of acceptable levels. The purpose of the ground loop 19 is to align their values. The underground cable trunk 18 is divided into three parts in the area of the earthing switch Z ₁ . The separation of the electrical length of the cable conductors occurs in three installed maintenance-free protective points: NZP1, NZP2 and NZP3. All NZP are performed identically and represent a closed metal structure of a cylindrical shape placed in the surface of the earth. The protection systems are located inside the cylinder (Fig. 9) and the personnel have access to the system circuits; at the same time, service communication is established there based on the organization of service channels via phantom circuits. The metal surface of the NZP tank with the metal covers of the underground cable forms a single shielding system for the cable line 18, and each NZP has its own ground electrode 21, which creates a single potential for the surface of the medium along the cable route. To increase the shielding properties of the earth's surface, a lightning protection cable 20 is laid over the cable trunk (Fig. 7). Moreover, the split cable is divided into three sections. The first section is connected on one side to the ground terminal “k” of the control system ground of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna 1, and on the other hand, to its own ground electrode 22 via terminal “a”. The next two sections of the lightning protection cable 20 are grounded through the terminals “a” to their own ground electrodes 22. An equipotential layer is thus formed in the surface of the underground cable trunk 18, thereby reducing the effect of conductive currents on the wire circuits.

To separate the wired circuits in the cable trunk, an unattended protection point of the NZP is used. In FIG. 9 shows the structure of the NZP, consisting in this case of two blocks of electrical division of wire circuits of the cable trunk A1. In each block A1, separation of two information channels and separation of the phantom intercom channel and the power circuit of channel amplifiers are formed. The first block A1 contains: two isolation transformers of the first information channel Tr. 1 and Tr. 2; two isolation transformers of the second information channel Tr. 3 and Tr. four; two isolation transformers of the phantom information (service) channel Tr. 5 and Tr. 6; three channel amplifiers 23, 24 and 25; first dr. 1, C1 and the second Dr. 2, C2 low-pass filters of the power supply circuit of channel amplifiers, the first K1 cable included in the NZP. The second block A1 contains the same devices as the first block A1 shown in FIG. 9, therefore not represented by devices in view of identity. The operation of both units is exactly the same and the second A1 unit is needed as an emergency system in the cable trunk.

The operation of the first block A1 is as follows.

The first information channel is formed in the first cable by the first and second conductors. The second information channel is formed in the first cable by the third and fourth conductors. Cables can be used of various types:

- symmetric cable МКСАБпШп 4 × 4 (or МКСАБпШп 7 × 4) - long-distance symmetrical with a polyethylene hose over metal covers, the cable has four four conductors;

- coaxial cable KSPPK 1 × 4 - single-four cable.

Given that the transmission speed of the radio station is very low, therefore, an ISS type cable is appropriate.

The first 1 and second 2 conductors of the first cable K1 passing through the first and second inputs of block A1 are connected to terminals “a” and “b” of the first winding 1 of the first isolation transformer Tr. 1. The secondary winding 2 transformer Tr. 1 through a channel amplifier 23 is connected to the primary winding 1 of the second isolation transformer Tr. 2. Secondary winding 2 of the second isolation transformer Tr. 2 through terminals “a” and “b” is connected to the first and second conductors, respectively, through the first and second outputs of block A1.

Isolation transformers of the first information channel Tr. 1 and Tr. 2 provide for dividing the electric length of the first cable K1 in an unattended protection point of the NZP, which ensures a decrease in the electric and magnetic influence of the currents of the transmitting antenna of the ELF, ELF, and the conductive currents of the spreading of the ground electrode.

The third 3 and fourth 4 conductors of the first cable K1 passing through the third and fourth inputs of block A1 are connected to terminals “a” and “b” of the first winding 1 of the third isolation transformer Tr. 3. Secondary winding 2 transformers Tr. 3 through a channel amplifier 24 is connected to the primary winding 1 of the fourth isolation transformer Tr. 4. Secondary winding 2 of the fourth isolation transformer Tr. 4 through terminals “a” and “b” is connected to the third and fourth conductors of the first cable K1, respectively, through the third and fourth outputs of block A1.

Isolation transformers of the second information channel Tr. 3 and Tr. 4 provide for dividing the electric length of the first cable K1 in the maintenance-free protection point of the low-voltage switchgear, thereby reducing the electric and magnetic influence of the currents of the transmitting antenna of the ELF, ELF and the conductive currents of the spreading of the ground electrode. The necessary level losses in wired communication systems are compensated by channel amplifiers 23 and 24.

Devices of two information channels organized by four conductors of the first K1 cable can be used to organize a service channel and direct current transmission for power supply of channel amplifiers 23, 24 and 25. Thus, the selected mid-point of the transformer winding allows direct currents to be directed along both parts of the winding, while the currents oncoming ones are not transmitted to the secondary winding. This physical phenomenon is used for the secondary use of isolation transformers in the organization of the phantom channel, which is used for official negotiations. The transmission spectra of service and information channels are naturally different. The phantom channel is organized and the supply of the power potential of the amplifiers is performed in block A1 as follows.

The phantom channel is formed by the fact that terminal “c” as the midpoint of the primary winding of the first isolation transformer Tr. 1 is connected to terminal “a” of the primary winding of the fifth isolation transformer Tr. 5, terminal “g” as the midpoint of the primary winding of the third isolation transformer Tr. 3 is connected to terminal “b” of the primary winding of the fifth isolation transformer Tr. 5, the secondary winding of the fifth isolation transformer Tr. 5 is connected to the primary winding of the sixth isolation transformer Tr. 6 through a third channel amplifier 25; secondary winding of the sixth isolation transformer Tr. 6 terminal “a” is connected to terminal “d” as the midpoint of the secondary winding of the second isolation transformer Tr. 2, and terminal “b” of the secondary winding of the sixth isolation transformer Tr. 6 is connected to terminal “c” as the midpoint of the secondary winding of the fourth isolation transformer Tr. 4. Thus, the phantom channel comes sequentially to NZP1 and then transmitted to the following NZP,

The power circuit of the channel amplifiers is formed as follows. Terminal “f” as the midpoint of the primary winding of the fifth isolation transformer Tr. 5 is connected to terminal “n” and through terminal “n” in parallel through the first inductor Dr. 1 with terminal “k” and with a grounded first capacitor C1; terminal “y” as the midpoint of the secondary winding of the sixth isolation transformer Tr. 6 is connected to the terminal “p” and through the terminal “p” in parallel through the second inductor Dr. 2 with terminal “k” and with a grounded second capacitor C2; terminal “k” is connected to terminal “+ U” forming a plus of the power supply of channel amplifiers. The transmitted current by the central station, the terminal in the cable trunk system, enters through all four conductors of the first cable and through the filtering enters terminal “k” with a level of “+ U”. The supplied potential through the second cable K2 through the operation of the second block A1 allows you to get a similar terminal "k" with a level of "-U". Thus, the channel amplifiers have a plus “+ U” and a minus “-U” source for powering the amplifiers 23, 24 and 25, as well as subsequent channel amplifiers in the subsequent NZP.

The authors are not aware of technical solutions from the field of radio communications containing features equivalent to the distinguishing features of the claimed device. The authors are not aware of technical solutions from other technical fields having the properties of the claimed technical object of the invention. Thus, the claimed technical solution, according to the authors, has the criterion of essential features.

Claims (5)

1. The communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency range with deep-seated and remote objects, containing a master oscillator, modulator, control, protection and automation system, a power amplifier, a matching device, an antenna current indicator and a current source, the reception and registration of radiation generated by the ELF-ELF generators are carried out using a towed cable antenna, antenna amplifier and receiver of the ELF-ELF range, located on board the underwater object, characterized in that tionary introduced underground cable line is protected by, the protection is made on the basis of increasing the protective effect by the partitioning ground wire and ground, and to reduce the electrical length of the cable protective unattended inclusion of (WIP); the transmitting antenna consists of the central, right and left current branches forming two loop antennas, providing an extension of the transmitting antenna pattern due to the addition of two radiation patterns in the direction of the calculated directivity; connection terminal “a” is the electrical contact of all three branches, and the left current branch of the transmitting antenna is a continuation of the right current branch through the connection terminal “a”, both branches are one topological line; the topological line of the central current branch of the transmitting antenna is perpendicular to the topological line of the left and right current branches of the transmitting antenna and is connected to the terminal “a” in the center of the length of the topological line of the left and right current branches of the transmitting antenna, since the length of the left branch

equal to the length of the right branch

(or

); right antenna current

equal to the antenna current of the left branch

(or

); the current of the antenna of the central branch I _A , suitable for terminal “a”, is equal to the sum of the currents extending from terminal “a” to the antenna of the right branch

and antenna of the left branch

(or

); right antenna current

equal to reverse current

in the earth at a depth h equal to the skin layer of the earth's environment; left branch antenna current

equal to reverse current

in the earth at a depth h equal to the skin layer of the earth's environment; moreover, the Central current branch of the transmitting antenna length

contains: a control system for a transmitting ELF-ELF antenna, consisting of a master oscillator, modulator, control, protection and automation system, power amplifier, matching device, antenna current indicator and current source; N converters, from the first converter along N, the central current branch, N grounding antennas, from the first grounding along N, the central current branch, N radiating sections, from the first section along N, underground unshielded cable of the transmitting antenna

the central branch of the current, while the first input of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna is connected to the first input of the modulator, and the second input of the modulator is connected to the output of the master oscillator, the output of the modulator is connected to the first input of the power amplifier, the output of the control, protection, and automation system is connected in parallel with the second input of the power amplifier, with the input of the master oscillator and with the second input of the matching device; the third input of the power amplifier is connected to the first ground electrode of the transmitting antenna through the second input of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna, through the first output of the antenna current indicator; the output of the power amplifier is connected through the first input of the matching device, through the first output of the matching device with the output of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna, the second output of the matching device is connected to the first input of the control, protection and automation system, the second input of the control, protection and automation system is connected to the output of the antenna current indicator, the current source is connected in parallel with the inputs of all the blocks of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna through their power supply system; the output of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna is connected through the first radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna to the input of the first converter, the first output of the first converter is connected using the second radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna to the input of the second converter, and the second output of the first converter is connected to the second ground electrode transmitting antenna; the output of the second converter is connected through the third radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna to the input of the third converter, and the second output of the second converter is connected to the third grounding of the transmitting antenna; the output of the third converter is connected through the fourth radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna to the input of the fourth converter, and the second output of the third converter is connected to the fourth grounding of the transmitting antenna; the output of the fourth converter is connected through the fifth radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna to the input of the fifth converter, and the second output of the fourth converter is connected to the fifth grounding of the transmitting antenna; the output of the fifth converter is connected through the sixth radiating section of the underground cable of the antenna system to the input of the sixth converter, and the second output of the fifth converter is connected to the sixth grounding of the transmitting antenna; in this way, subsequent converters are connected to subsequent radiating sections of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna; the output of the N-1 converter is connected through the N radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna to the input N of the converter, and the second output of the N-1 converter is connected to the N-1 ground electrode of the transmitting antenna; the first output of the N converter is connected to terminal “a”, and the second output of the N converter is connected to the N grounding of the transmitting antenna; left current branch of the transmitting antenna ELF-ELF length

contains: N converters, from the first to N converter of the left current branch, N ground conductors, from the first to N ground electrode of the left current branch, N radiating sections, from the first to N radiating section of the underground cable of the left current branch, while terminal “a” is connected through the first radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna with the input of the first transducer of the left current branch of the transmitting antenna, the first output of the first transducer of the left current branch of the second radiating section of the underground cable of the left current branch with the input of the second converter, the second output of the first converter is connected to the first ground electrode of the left current branch of the transmitting antenna; the first output of the second converter through the third radiating section of the underground cable of the left current branch is connected to the input of the fourth converter, the second output of the second converter is connected to the second ground electrode of the left branch of the current of the transmitting antenna; in this way, subsequent converters are connected to subsequent radiating sections of the underground cable of the left current branch of the transmitting antenna; the first output of the N-1 converter through the N radiating section of the underground cable is connected to the input N of the converter of the left current branch, the output of the N converter is connected to the N ground electrode of the left branch of the current of the transmitting antenna; ELF-ELF transmitting right antenna branch

contains: N converters of the right current branch, from the first to N converter, N grounding conductors of the right current branch, from the first to N ground electrode, N radiating sections, from the first to N radiating section of the underground cable of the right current branch, while terminal “a” is connected through the first radiating section of the underground cable of the right current branch of the transmitting antenna with the input of the first converter of the right current branch of the transmitting antenna, the first output of the first converter through the second radiating section of the underground cable of the right current branch of ene with input of the second inverter, the second output of the first inverter connected to the first grounding the right branch of the transmitting antenna current; the first output of the second converter through the third radiating section of the underground cable of the right current branch is connected to the input of the fourth converter, the second output of the second converter is connected to the second ground electrode of the right branch of the current of the transmitting antenna; thus, the connection of subsequent converters with subsequent radiating sections of the underground cable and grounding conductors of the right current branch of the transmitting antenna is ensured; the first output of the N-1 converter through the N radiating section of the underground cable of the right current branch is connected to the input of the N converter, the output of the N converter is connected to the N ground electrode of the right current branch of the transmitting antenna. 2. The communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and remote objects according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the N converters is identical and contains: a radiating section of the underground cable with a length not exceeding 20 km of the transmitting antenna, a source of electrical energy for each units for converter power circuits, information transformer, power transformer, first amplifier, integrated circuit (circuit), second B.2 valve, differential circuit, first valve Li B.1, second amplifier, third amplifier, clock, modulator, power amplifier, current transformer, power regulator at the input of the power amplifier,

- current in the N-1 radiating section up to 20 km in length of the transmitting antenna;

- current in the N radiating section up to 20 km in length of the transmitting antenna;

- the difference between the currents N-1 of the radiating section of the antenna and N of the radiating section of the antenna, while the input N-1 of the radiating section of the underground cable of the antenna is connected through the primary winding of the information transformer to the first input of the current transformer and through the first output of the current transformer with the second output of the converter N, the secondary the winding of the information transformer is connected through the first amplifier in parallel with the input of the integrated circuit and with the input of the differential circuit; the differential circuit output is connected to the first input of the power amplifier through the first valve B.1, through the second amplifier, through the clock generator, through the first input of the modulator; the output of the integrating chain is connected through the second valve B.2, through the third amplifier with the second input of the modulator; the second output of the current transformer through the power regulator is connected to the second input of the power amplifier; the output of the power amplifier is connected to the primary winding of the power transformer; the secondary winding of the power transformer is connected through terminal “a” to the second input of the current transformer, and terminal “b” through the first output N of the converter with input N of the radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna. 3. The communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and remote objects according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the N current transformers contains a three-winding transformer, the first input of the current transformer through the first winding of the three-winding transformer connected to terminal “a”, the second the input of the current transformer through the secondary winding of the three-winding transformer is connected to terminal "a", the second output of the current transformer through the third winding of the three-winding transformer the informant is connected to terminal “a”, terminal “a” is an “earth wire” that is connected to the first output of the current transformer and is grounded to its own ground at each converter; current

from N-1 of the radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna flows through the primary winding through the first input to the output of the current transformer to the ground electrode 3 _N , current

in the N radiating section of the underground cable of the transmitting antenna, the differential current flows through the second winding of the current transformer, flows through the first output from the ground electrode,

from the N-1 radiating section and the N radiating section of the antenna of the first and second windings is excited in the third winding of the current transformer. 4. The communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and remote objects according to claim 3, characterized in that the protected underground cable trunking ZK located in the current spreading zone from the first ground electrode, comprising: a control system for transmitting an ELF-ELF antenna, a system ground loop control of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna, pieces of a grounded lightning protection cable connected to two own grounding conductors, own grounding conductors of the underground metal cover the cable and the metal housing of the NZP, two grounding conductors connected at the ends of each part of the segment of the lightning protection cable, maintenance-free protective points NZP1, NZP2, NZP3, the first radiator antenna and the first ground electrode from N sections of the antenna system of the central branch of the current, while the control system transmitting the ELF The ELF antenna is connected to the ground loop, the first input of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna is connected to the protected underground cable trunk, on top of the underground cable in the environment of the surface layer of the earth a split lightning protection cable is located; the first section of the lightning cable is connected on one side through terminal “k” to the ground loop of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna, on the other hand, the first section of the lightning cable is grounded through terminal “a” with its own ground electrode; the second section and subsequent sections of the lightning protection cable are grounded at the ends of the sections through their own terminals “a” for each section to their own grounding conductors in each section; the underground cable trunk contains sections of the trunk connected to a single trunk through maintenance-free protection points (NZP); the metal case of maintenance-free protective points of the NZP is connected to the metal covers of the main cable and make up a single system, grounded on its own ground electrodes, each maintenance-free protective point has its own ground electrode; protection of the underground cable line is carried out within the radius R of the _{GROUNDING CURRENT of the current} spreading of the first grounding of the transmitting antenna; the second input of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna is connected to the first ground electrode of the transmitting antenna in its central current branch; the output of the control system of the transmitting ELF-ELF antenna is connected to the first radiating section of the transmitting antenna in its central current branch. 5. The communication system of the ultra-low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency ranges with deeply immersed and remote objects according to claim 4, characterized in that the maintenance-free protection point (NZP) of the protected cable trunk consists of N blocks A1, the electrical division blocks of the wire circuits of the cable trunk, in which two information lines are formed channel, phantom intercom channel and power circuit of channel amplifiers; moreover, each block A1 contains: two isolation transformers of the first information channel Tr.1, Tr.2; two isolation transformers of the second information channel Tr.3, Tr.4; two isolation transformers of the phantom information (service) channel Tr.5, Tr.6; three channel amplifiers; the first Dr. 1, C1 and the second Dr. 2, C2 low-pass filters of the power supply circuit of channel amplifiers; the first K1 and second K2 cables included in the in-process assembly; in this case, the first wire of the input cable to the BSC of the first cable K1 through the first input of block A1 is connected to the terminal “a” of the primary winding of the first isolation transformer Tr.1, the second wire of the input to the BSC of the first cable through the second input of block A1 is connected to the terminal “b” of the primary winding the first isolation transformer Tr.1, the secondary winding of the first isolation transformer Tr.1 through the first channel amplifier is connected to the primary winding of the second isolation transformer Tr.2, the secondary winding of the second isolation transformer nsformatora Tr.2 terminal 'a' connected to the first output wire of the first cable PHN K1 via the first output A1 block and terminal "b" of the secondary winding is connected to a second output conductor of the first cable PHN K1 through the second output block A1; the third wire of the input cable to the NZP of the first cable K1 through the third input of block A1 is connected to the terminal “a” of the primary winding of the third isolation transformer Tr.3, the fourth wire of the input cable to the NZP of the first cable K1 through the fourth input of block A1 is connected to the terminal “b” of the primary winding of the third isolation transformer Tr.3, the secondary winding of the third isolation transformer Tr.3 through a second channel amplifier connected to the primary winding of the fourth isolation transformer Tr.4, the secondary winding of the fourth of a transformer Tr.4, terminal “a” is connected to the third wire of the output cable of the first cable K1 through the third output of block A1, and terminal “b” of the secondary winding of transformer Tr.4 is connected to the fourth wire of the output cable of the first cable K1 through the fourth output of the block A1; terminal “c” as the midpoint of the primary winding of the first isolation transformer Tr.1 connected to terminal “a” of the primary winding of the fifth isolation transformer Tr.5, terminal “g” as the middle point of the primary winding of the third isolation transformer Tr.3 connected to terminal “b” »The primary winding of the fifth isolation transformer Tr.5, the secondary winding of the fifth isolation transformer Tr.5 connected to the primary winding of the sixth isolation transformer Tr.6 through a third channel amplifier; the secondary winding of the sixth isolation transformer Tr.6 with terminal “a” is connected to the terminal “e” as the midpoint of the secondary winding of the second isolation transformer Tr.2, and the terminal “b” of the secondary winding of the sixth isolation transformer Tr.6 is connected with terminal “c” as the middle point of the secondary winding of the fourth isolation transformer Tr.4; terminal “f” as the midpoint of the primary winding of the fifth isolation transformer Tr.5 is connected to terminal “p” and through terminal “p” in parallel through the first inductor Other 1 with terminal “k” and with the ground capacitor C1; terminal “y” as the middle point of the secondary winding of the sixth isolation transformer Tr.6 is connected to terminal “p” and through terminal “p” in parallel through the second reactor Dr. 2 with terminal “k” and to the grounded second capacitor C2; terminal “k” is connected to terminal “+ U”, forming a plus of the power source of channel amplifiers; the second block A1 in the NZP terminal "-U" forms the minus the power source of the channel amplifiers.

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