RU2774843C1 - Method for obtaining a feed additive for growing broiler chickens - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to poultry farming, in particular to the breeding of broiler chickens. The method for obtaining a feed additive includes the use of a mixture of bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, whey and additives. To prepare a feed additive, a mixture of Bacillus subtilis strain UKM B-5007 or RNCIM B-10172 and Bacillus licheniformis strain UKM B-5514 or RNCIM B-10135 taken in equal parts is added to the whey in an amount of at least 1×10³ colony-forming units per cm³ of whey and the additive is injected into it in a ratio of 1:1. As an additive, a 10% decoction of melissa, cooled to a temperature of no more than 25°C, prepared in distilled water, is used.

EFFECT: use of the invention will improve the livability of broiler chickens.

1 cl, 5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to poultry farming, in particular to the cultivation of broiler chickens.

There is a known method of using a probiotic feed supplement for broiler chickens, which contains a starter with bacteria, whey, water and additives (RF patent No. 2656064, class A23K 50/75, 2018).

A biological preparation is known for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in young animals, containing a culture of the Bacillus subtilis 4/97 strain at a concentration of at least 10 ⁸ spores per 1 ml of a nutrient medium consisting of a decoction of medicinal plants: Jerusalem artichoke, lemon balm, yarrow. The biological preparation is harmless and has a pronounced pathogenetic effect (RF patent No. 2180851, class A23K 50/75, 2002).

Known strain of bacteria Bacillus subtilis used to obtain a dairy product intended for the treatment of dysbacteriosis and bacterial infections (author's certificate No. 1648975, publ. 15.05.91. Bull. No. 18). For fermentation of milk, a strain of Bacillus subtilis VKM V-1666 D was used.

Known from the prior art is a biological product for the prevention and treatment of endometritis in cows, which contains bacteria with a spore titer of 10 ⁸ -10 ¹¹ in a ratio of 1: 1, a strain of Bacillus subtilis UKM B-5007 and a strain of Bacillus licheniformis UKM B-5514 or Bacillus subtilis VKPM B -10172 and strain Bacillus licheniformis VKPM V-10135 or Bacillus subtilis CH201 and strain Bacillus licheniformis CH200 (RF patent No. 2687041, class A23K 50/75, 2019).

However, it is used in veterinary medicine for treatment.

A known method for the manufacture of biologically active feed additives for animals and birds from bacteria - Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis and plant additives - a mixture of essential oils of eucalyptus, garlic, lemon and thyme (RF patent No. 2663014, class A23K 50/75, 2018) .

A technical solution is also known, including the use of a feed additive for animals and birds in the form of a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis bacteria, whey and additives, both in dry and liquid forms, by introducing into food or drink (RF patent No. 2675934, class A23K 50/75.2018 - prototype).

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is not sufficient safety and growth of live weight of broiler chickens.

The technical result is to increase the safety and growth of live weight of broiler chickens.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of using the feed additive in the cultivation of broiler chickens, characterized in that the broiler chickens are introduced into the feed additive at a dose of 50 ml per 1 kg of feed, and the feed additive is obtained by adding a mixture of Bacillus subtilis bacteria to the whey strain UKM V-5007 or VKPM V-10172 and Bacillus licheniformis strain UKM V-5514 or VKPM V-10135 taken in equal parts in an amount of at least 1 * 10 ³ colony-forming units per cm ^{3 of} whey, after which they are added cooled to a temperature not more than 25°C 10% melissa decoction prepared with distilled water in a ratio of 1:1.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution is due to the fact that due to the combined use of a mixture of bacteria Bacillus subtilis strain UKM V-5007 or VKPM V-10172 and Bacillus licheniformis strain UKM V-5514 or VKPM V-10135, whey and 10% melissa decoction, the achievement of technical result due to the presence of a natural antagonist of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, as well as an additional source of digestive enzymes, macro- and microelements.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and have not been identified in the study of patent and scientific and technical literature in this and related areas of zootechnics and veterinary medicine, therefore, they correspond to the criterion of "inventive step".

As part of the criterion of eligibility "industrial applicability", it should be noted that the proposed method meets this criterion, tk. it is used in the poultry industry for feeding broiler chickens.

The method of obtaining a feed additive for growing broiler chickens is as follows.

To prepare a feed additive, a mixture of Bacillus subtilis strain UKM B-5007 or VKPM B-10172 and Bacillus licheniformis strain UKM B-5514 or VKPM B-10135 taken in equal parts is added to whey in an amount of at least 1 × 10 ³ colony-forming units per cm ³ whey (according to the regulation of the Customs Union No. 033/2013 "On the safety of milk and dairy products" (TP CU 033/2013)).

An additive is introduced into milk whey at a ratio of 1:1, which is used as a 10% lemon balm decoction, cooled to a temperature of not more than 25 ° C, prepared with distilled water.

The working name of the resulting feed additive is "AA-50".

Physiochemical properties

Feed additive AA-50 is a liquid based on milk whey and lemon balm decoction, containing the microbial mass of live natural strains of microorganisms Bacillus subtilis and Bacillis licheniformis in the optimal ratio, producing digestive enzymes, amino acids and vitamins of group B. The color of the feed additive is similar to the color of whey with faint greenish tint. It has a specific smell of melissa.

The components that make up the feed additive have the following properties:

- bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis

For the production of feed additives for birds, pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis strain UKM B-5007 or VKPM B-10172 and Bacillus licheniformis strain UKM B-5514 or VKPM V-10135 are also used, isolated from natural sources, certified and deposited in the prescribed manner, not subjected to genetic modifications.

The bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis are natural inducers of interferons, that is, they actively stimulate the formation of their own endogenous interferons in the body. This path is more natural than the introduction of artificial interferons in any way, and corresponds to the natural one.

Propagating, bacteria with their proteases lyse all foreign proteins not characteristic of the body. At the same time, bacterial toxins and defective cells are destroyed, the immune status of the body is increased, and the regeneration processes of body tissues are stabilized;

- whey is a valuable supplement, which includes calcium, magnesium, vitamins A, B, ascorbic acid, non-protein nitrogenous compounds, organic acids;

- melissa decoction contains flavonoids, triterpenes, tannins and phenolic acids. All of them contribute to the various effects of this plant. But eugenol and rosmarinic acid are the two main compounds that affect brain health and function.

The first and most important compound is rosmarinic acid, which has a calming effect. It increases blood flow and increases the level of the main calming neurotransmitter, which prevents neurons from overexciting, resulting in a calming and mild sedative effect. Also, rosmarinic acid enhances cholinergic transmission. It binds to both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in the brain, which are activated by acetylcholine.

Eugenol is another important chemical compound. It is a powerful antioxidant that both increases natural antioxidants in the brain and neutralizes free radicals in the body.

The stages of obtaining a feed additive are as follows: a 10% decoction of lemon balm is preliminarily prepared in distilled water. A decoction of lemon balm is prepared as follows: 100 g of dry lemon balm is poured into 1 liter of boiling water. Boil in a water bath for 2-3 minutes, leave for 2 hours, add 100 ml of melissa decoction to 1 liter of distilled water and get 10% melissa decoction. A 10% concentration of lemon balm broth is optimal, since at higher concentrations chickens show side effects - diarrhea, vomiting, excitability in which the complete assimilation of food is disturbed. Next, milk whey with bacteria is added to the resulting broth in a ratio of 1:1. This ratio provides the optimal number of lactic acid bacteria in the intestines of chickens, often this indicator is below the norm, therefore, malfunctions in the stomach appear. The supplement solves this problem.

The whey must contain Bacillus subtilis strain UKM B-5007 or VKPM B-10172 and Bacillus licheniformis strain UKM B-5514 or VKPM V-10135 at least 1×10 ³ colony forming units per cm ³ (according to the regulation of the Customs Union No. 033/2013 "On the safety of milk and dairy products" (TP TS 033/2013)).

Study of the toxic effect of a feed additive

The assessment of acute toxicity was studied in rats, according to GOST R ISO 10993-11-2009 Medical products. Evaluation of the biological effect of medical devices. Part 11. Studies of general toxic effects GOST R ISO 10993.10-99. Medical products. Evaluation of the biological effect of medical devices. Part 10

In the experiment, 32 mature outbred white rats (16 females and 16 males) weighing 150-200 g (age 2.5-3.0 months) were used. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 8 rats in each group.

The feed additive was administered orally to experimental animals by a single intragastric injection using a syringe and a needle with a melted olive. The rats of the first experimental group received the feed additive intragastrically at a dose of 4 ml. Rats of the second experimental group at a dose of 6 ml, the third experimental group - 8 ml. The rats of the fourth group served as controls, the animals of this group were injected with NaCl 0.9% solution in the volume of the test feed additive administered to the animals of the third group (8 ml).

The animals were closely monitored, taking into account their behavior, general condition and appetite. As a result of experiments to determine acute toxicity, the death of laboratory animals was not noted during the entire observation period.

The determination of chronic toxicity was carried out according to the following scheme: the animals were selected according to the principle of paired analogues. In the experiment, 80 mature outbred white rats (40 females and 40 males) weighing 150-200 g (age 2.5-3.0 months) were used. The animals were divided into 2 groups of 40 rats in each group.

In rats, the test drug was injected into the stomach using a syringe and a probe at a dose of 8 ml per 1 injection for 14 days. The animals were closely monitored, taking into account their behavior, general condition and appetite. After 14 days after the last injection of the drug, 6 rats were euthanized and dissected, the pathological state of the internal organs was studied. The rats of the second group served as controls; they were not injected with the drug.

As a result of experiments to determine chronic toxicity, the death of laboratory animals was not noted during the entire observation period. During the entire period of observation of the rats of the first group, no changes in behavior, general condition and appetite were observed. The animals behaved in the same way as the animals from the second (control) group.

Pathological study of the internal organs of rats of the experimental group did not reveal any changes in their structure. The location of the internal organs was correct. The lumen of the trachea and bronchi is free. Pink lung tissue. The mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines is gray-pink in color without ulceration and hemorrhage. The kidney capsule was easily removed, the medulla and cortex are clearly visible on the cut.

Therefore, the developed feed additive, according to the degree of impact on the body of warm-blooded animals, belongs to low-hazard substances (hazard class 4 according to GOST 12.1.007-76).

During the study of sensitizing and irritating effects, the following results were obtained: insolation of the feed additive in the lower part of the conjunctival sac does not cause reddening of the conjunctiva. In continuation of further observation of the animals, we did not notice clouding of the cornea of the eye, the iris was without visible changes, and did not note hematosis (edema of the conjunctiva) and discharge from the eyes.

In the second series of experiments, the irritating effect was determined by the method of skin applications. During the study, the formation of erythema and skin edema was not observed in experimental animals, as a result of which the primary irritation index is zero.

Study of the sensitizing effect of a feed additive by the method of maximum sensitizing effect.

The study was carried out on guinea pigs. The animals were observed, noting the presence of edema, erythema, etc. on the skin in the area of application of the feed additive.

We noted that 24, 48 and 72 hours after the provocative test and removal of the bandage, no positive skin reactions (edema, erythema, blister) were detected.

Thus, the feed additive does not have an irritating and sensitizing effect on tissues in the area of its application.

We also conducted experiments on the effect of feed additives on the biochemical picture of the blood of rats. To do this, we took blood from the heart 5 days after the course of drug administration in rats of the experimental and control groups (table 1).

Analyzing the data in the table, we noted the following changes in blood counts in rats after the course of introducing the feed additive. The total protein increased by 27.3% (21.39 g / l), alkaline phosphatase decreased to 287.4 U / l, which is included in the reference values of the norm, while in the rats of the control group this indicator was at the top point threshold norm, there is a stabilization of alanine aminotransferase by 4.2 units. and a decrease in total bilirubin by 20.1% (2.1 mmol / l), which indicates the normalization of the liver, we also note a positive effect of the feed additive on the indicators of the excretory system, and in particular on Creatinine. An increase in this indicator in the experimental group was recorded by 7.1 mmol/l (61.2 mmol/l).

Thus, the conducted studies prove not only the harmlessness of the feed additive we are testing, but also a beneficial effect on the parameters of the biochemical analysis of the blood of rats in the experiment, and in particular the effect on the liver and the action of the excretory system.

The study of the stability of the feed additive was carried out at a temperature of +35°C, protected from light for 13 days (table 2).

Thus, the shelf life of the developed feed additive is 11 days at t=+4°C.

An example of a specific implementation of the proposed method for obtaining a feed additive for broiler chickens

To determine the effectiveness of the use of the AA-50 feed additive and to identify the optimal doses of its feeding, a reconnaissance experiment was carried out on broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 cross. in vivarium conditions of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Kuban State Agrarian University.

For the experiment, 6 groups of day-old broilers were formed, 50 heads each (table 3).

Chickens of all groups, depending on age, received standard feed: pre-start, start, growth, pre-finish and finish. The first group served as a control, the chickens of the control group received only standard compound feed. Young animals of the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth groups in addition to the standard compound feed were added, respectively, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 ml of feed additive AA-50 per 1 kg of compound feed.

During the reconnaissance experiment, such indicators as changes in the live weight of chickens, livestock safety, feed costs per unit of production were studied, and the average daily weight gain of the bird was calculated.

The main indicator characterizing the effectiveness of the use of feed additives is the increase in live weight of meat chickens.

In order to influence different doses of the AA-50 feed additive on changes in the live weight of broiler chickens, 10 heads from each group were individually weighed at 10, 20, 30, and 40 days of age.

The weighing results are presented in table 4.

The introduction of 20.0 ml of feed additive AA-50 per 1 kg of compound feed into the compound feed of reared poultry did not affect its live weight. During the entire growing period, the studied indicator was at the level of the control variant.

The weighing results obtained in the third group, the chickens of which received 30.0 ml of feed additive AA-50 in addition to the mixed feed, also did not differ from the data obtained in the first control group in all age periods.

Both the introduction of 20.0 ml of the preparation AA-50 and 30.00 ml did not have a positive effect on the increase in live weight in comparison with the control.

Chickens of the fourth experimental group, whose diet was enriched with 40.0 ml of feed additive AA-50, had a live weight that practically did not differ from both the control group and the second and third experimental groups.

The introduction of 50.0 ml of feed additive AA-50 per 1 kg of feed into the diet of chickens contributed to an increase in the live weight of broilers compared with the control already from 10 days of age by 1.6%, at 20 days of age by 1.4%, in 30-day at 1.39%. At the end of the growing period, the live weight of the birds of this group significantly exceeded the control variant by 5.01%.

In the sixth experimental group, throughout the entire period of the experiment, the live weight of broiler chickens was lower, both in comparison with the control and with all experimental groups.

An economic indicator of the effectiveness of introducing a feed additive into compound feed for broiler chickens is the consumption and cost of compound feed per 1 kg of live weight gain and the European productivity index (Table 5).

Feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain of broiler chickens were compared with the control.

In the second, third and fourth groups, the cost of feed per 1 kg of gain was almost on the same level as the control.

In the fifth experimental group, the diet of which was enriched with 50.00 ml of the AA-50 feed additive, the feed consumption was 4.48% less than in the first troupe. The largest feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain were noted in the sixth group - 1.735 kg.

Livestock safety in all groups was at the level of 96-98%. Based on the above data, the productivity index was calculated. Of all the analyzed groups, the highest was noted in the fifth group, its indicator was 39 units higher than in the control.

Thus, the data obtained allow us to conclude that the most effective result compared to the control, where the chickens were fed with standard compound feed, appeared in group 5, in which the indicators: average daily gain and safety had the highest values.

Claims (1)

A method of using a feed additive in growing broiler chickens, characterized in that the broiler chickens are fed with a feed additive at a dose of 50 ml per 1 kg of feed, and the feed additive is obtained by adding a mixture of bacteria Bacillus subtilis strain UKM B-5007 to the whey or VKPM B-10172 and Bacillus licheniformis strain UKM B-5514 or VKPM B-10135, taken in equal parts in an amount of at least 1 * 10 ³ colony-forming units per cm ^{3 of} whey, after which they are added cooled to a temperature of not more than 25 ° C 10 % decoction of lemon balm, prepared with distilled water in a ratio of 1:1.